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Mela DJ, Boers HM, Kadam T, Hiemstra H, Kalathil R, Seijen Ten Hoorn JWM. Effect of mulberry fruit extract on post-prandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses to different rice types: a randomised trial in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2088-2094. [PMID: 37272629 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) to rice consistently reduces post-prandial glycaemic (PPG) and post-prandial insulinemic (PPI) responses. This research tested whether this effect generalises to a broad range of rice types, reflecting the wide variation in rice characteristics known to influence glycaemic responses. In a randomised, balanced, partial factorial crossover design, Sona Masoori (SM), Bora Saul (BS), Gobindobogh (Gb) and Banskati (Bn) rices were tested with and without 0·37 g MFE. Healthy, normal-weight Indian adults (N 120) each consumed four of the eight possible boiled rice meals, all containing about 50 g available carbohydrate. The primary outcome was the effect of MFE on PPG, expressed as the percentage change in the positive, incremental AUC over 2 h. The mean effect of MFE on PPG for all rice types combined was -11·4 % (P < 0·003). The reduction in PPG was in a qualitatively similar range for all rice types (-9·8 to -15·1 %), and this was statistically significant for Bn. MFE also reduced the corresponding PPI response to all rice types combined by a mean of 10·1 % (P < 0·001; range -6·1 to -13·4 %), and the reduction in PPI was statistically significant for SM, Gb and BS. In conclusion, addition of 0·37 g MFE modestly reduced PPG and PPI responses to rices in general, and the effects were statistically significant for specific rice types.
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Dose-response efficacy of mulberry fruit extract for reducing post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses: randomised trial evidence in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:771-778. [PMID: 35272722 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of mulberry have been shown to reduce post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses, but reliability of these effects and required doses and specifications are unclear. We previously found that 1·5 g of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) significantly reduced PPG and PPI responses to 50 g carbohydrate as rice porridge, with no indications of intolerance. The trials reported here aimed to replicate that work and assess the efficacy of lower MFE doses, using boiled rice as the carbohydrate source. Two separate randomised controlled intervention studies were carried out with healthy Indian males and females aged 20-50 years (n 84 per trial), with PPG area under the curve over 2 h as the primary outcome. Trial 1 used doses of 0, 0·37, 0·75, 1·12 and 1·5 g MFE in boiled rice and 0 or 1·5 g MFE in rice porridge. Trial 2 used doses of 0, 0·04, 0·12, 0·37 g MFE in boiled rice. In trial 1, relative to control, all MFE doses significantly decreased PPG (-27·2 to -22·9 %; all P ≤ 0·02) and PPI (-34·6 to -14·0 %, all P < 0·01). Breath hydrogen was significantly increased only at 1·5 g MFE (in rice porridge), and self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms were uniformly low. In trial 2, only 0·37 g MFE significantly affected PPG (-20·4 %, P = 0·002) and PPI (-17·0 %, P < 0·001). Together, these trials show that MFE in doses as low as 0·37 g can reliably reduce PPG and PPI responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal, with no apparent adverse effects.
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Oku T, Nakamura S, Takeshita T, Hashiguchi M, Tanabe K. Metabolic Fate and Expectation of Health Benefits of [U- 14C]-Sucrose Inhibited from Digestion Using Morus alba Leaf Extract. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:294-302. [PMID: 36047101 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Morus alba leaf extract (MLE), a strong inhibitor of sucrase, suppresses blood glucose elevation following sucrose ingestion. To investigate that sucrose inhibited from digestion using MLE is utilized through gut microbiota, [U-14C]-sucrose solutions with or without MLE were administered orally to conventional and antibiotic-treated rats, and the excretion of 14CO2 and H2 produced by gut microbiota was measured for 24 h. After an administration of [U-14C]-sucrose to conventional rats, the unit excreted 14CO2 peaked at 4 h, and the cumulative 14CO2 excreted over 24 h was approximately 60% of the radioactivity administered. No H2 was excreted. Following an administration of [U-14C]-sucrose and MLE in conventional rats, the unit excreted 14CO2 peaked later, at 8 h, and was significantly lower (p<0.05). The cumulative 14CO2 excreted over 24 h was equal in both groups, although there was a time lag of 2-3 h in rats given [U-14C]-sucrose and MLE. The amount of H2 excreted by these rats peaked 8 h after administration. Following the administration of [U-14C]-sucrose and MLE to antibiotic-treated rats, the unit excreted 14CO2 peaked lower, and the cumulative 14CO2 excretion over 24 h was approximately 40%. In this group, H2 was minimally excreted. H2 and 14CO2 produced by gut microbiota were excreted simultaneously. In conclusion, sucrose inhibited from digestion using MLE was fermented spontaneously by gut microbiota and was not excreted into feces. In addition, it confirmed that H2 excretion could be used directly to indicate the degree of fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Oku
- Institute of International Nutrition & Health, Jumonji University.,Department of Nutritional Science, University of Nagasaki Siebold
| | - Sadako Nakamura
- Institute of International Nutrition & Health, Jumonji University
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Nagasaki Siebold
| | | | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University
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Gheldof N, Francey C, Rytz A, Egli L, Delodder F, Bovetto L, Piccardi N, Darimont C. Effect of Different Nutritional Supplements on Glucose Response of Complete Meals in Two Crossover Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132674. [PMID: 35807854 PMCID: PMC9268658 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important risk factor in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, maintaining a low postprandial glucose response is key in preventing these diseases. Carbohydrate-rich meals are the main drivers of excessive glycemic excursions during the day. The consumption of whey protein premeals or mulberry leaf extract was reported to reduce postprandial glycemia through different mechanisms of action. The efficacy of these interventions was shown to be affected by the timing of the consumption or product characteristics. Two randomised crossover studies were performed, aiming to identify the optimal conditions to improve the efficacy of these nutritional supplements in reducing a glycemic response. The acute postprandial glycemic response was monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring device. The first study revealed that a preparation featuring 10 g of whey protein microgel reduced the postprandial glucose response by up to 30% (p = 0.001) and was more efficient than the whey protein isolates, independently of whether the preparation was ingested 30 or 10 min before a complete 320 kcal breakfast. The second study revealed that a preparation featuring 250 mg mulberry leaf extract was more efficient if it was taken together with a complete 510 kcal meal (−34%, p < 0.001) rather than ingested 5 min before (−26%, p = 0.002). These findings demonstrate that the efficacy of whey proteins premeal and mulberry leaf extracts can be optimised to provide potential nutritional solutions to lower the risk of type-2 diabetes or its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Gheldof
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Celia Francey
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Andreas Rytz
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Léonie Egli
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
| | - Frederik Delodder
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Lionel Bovetto
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Material Science, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Nathalie Piccardi
- Nestlé Research, Clinical Research Unit, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (A.R.); (F.D.); (N.P.)
| | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research, Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (N.G.); (C.F.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Lim WXJ, Gammon CS, von Hurst P, Chepulis L, Page RA. A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials on the Impact of Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts on Prediabetes and Its Subgroups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113733. [PMID: 34835989 PMCID: PMC8624625 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic-rich plant extracts have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. However, there is increasing evidence that people with prediabetes are not a homogeneous group but exhibit different glycemic profiles leading to the existence of prediabetes subgroups. Prediabetes subgroups have been identified as: isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance (IFG/IGT). The present review investigates human clinical trials examining the hypoglycemic potential of phenolic-rich plant extracts in prediabetes and prediabetes subgroups. Artemisia princeps Pampanini, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaf and Citrus junos Tanaka peel have been demonstrated to improve fasting glycemia and thus may be more useful for individuals with IFG with increasing hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, white mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf, persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf and Acacia. Mearnsii bark were shown to improve postprandial glycemia and hence may be preferably beneficial for individuals with IGT with increasing muscle insulin resistance. Elaeis guineensis leaf was observed to improve both fasting and postprandial glycemic measures depending on the dose. Current evidence remains scarce regarding the impact of the plant extracts on glycemic control in prediabetes subgroups and therefore warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Janice Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl S. Gammon
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
| | - Rachel A. Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-4-801-5799 (ext. 63462)
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Xv ZC, He GL, Wang XL, Shun H, Chen YJ, Lin SM. Mulberry leaf powder ameliorate high starch-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in fish model. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thondre PS, Lightowler H, Ahlstrom L, Gallagher A. Mulberry leaf extract improves glycaemic response and insulaemic response to sucrose in healthy subjects: results of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:41. [PMID: 33858439 PMCID: PMC8047566 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many benefits of maintaining healthy blood glucose levels, and studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as changes to diet can successfully restore normoglycaemia in participants with dysglycaemia. Significant health-related lifestyle changes are often difficult to implement and functional ingredients that can reduce glycaemic and insulaemic responses may help at risk populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a mulberry leaf extract could lower the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to 75 g sucrose in healthy individuals. Methods A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover design trial was conducted by the Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health. Thirty-eight participants were recruited into the trial and, after an overnight fast, were given 75 g sucrose + white mulberry leaf extract, or 75 g sucrose alone. Capillary blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals in the first hour and at 30-min intervals over the second hour to determine glucose and plasma insulin levels. Data analysis was conducted using a paired samples T test or a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The addition of mulberry leaf extract to sucrose resulted in a significantly lower glycaemic response and insulinaemic response compared to a matched placebo (sucrose alone). The change in blood glucose measurements were significantly lower at 15 min (p < 0.001), 30 min (p < 0.001), 45 min (p = 0.008), and 120 min (p < 0.001) and plasma insulin measurements were significantly lower at 15 min (p < 0.001), 30 min (p < 0.001), 45 min (p < 0.001), 60 min (p = 0.001) and 120 min (p < 0.001). The glucose iAUC (− 42%, p = 0.001), insulin iAUC (− 40%, p < 0.001), peak glucose (− 40.0%, p < 0.001) and peak insulin (− 41%, p < 0.001) from baseline were significantly lower for white mulberry leaf extract compared with the placebo. White mulberry leaf extract was well tolerated and there were no reported adverse events. Conclusions Mulberry leaf extract can be used as part of lifestyle changes that may lead to healthy blood glucose levels. Trial registration: ISRCTN99601810 (23 October 2020, retrospectively registered)
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Helen Lightowler
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Lis Ahlstrom
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Andrew Gallagher
- Phynova Group Ltd, 16 Fenlock Court, Blenheim Office Park, Long Hanborough, OX29 8LN, UK.
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Ménabréaz T, Dorsaz M, Bocquel D, Udrisard I, Kosinska-Cagnazzo A, Andlauer W. Goji Berry and Whey Protein Concentrate Enriched Rice Extrudates - Physical Properties and Accessibility of Bioactives. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/131269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mela DJ, Cao XZ, Dobriyal R, Fowler MI, Lin L, Joshi M, Mulder TJP, Murray PG, Peters HPF, Vermeer MA, Zhang Z. The effect of 8 plant extracts and combinations on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32647531 PMCID: PMC7336677 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower post-prandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses to foods are associated with reduced diabetes risk and progression. Several plant extracts have been proposed to reduce PPG or PPI by inhibiting enzymes or transporters involved in carbohydrate digestion and uptake. This study evaluates a range of such extracts, consumed with a carbohydrate load, for their effects on PPG, PPI and indicators of (gastrointestinal) tolerance. METHODS Interventions were extracts of mulberry fruit (MFE, 1.5 g), mulberry leaf (MLE, 1.0 g), white bean (WBE, 3.0 g), apple (AE, 2.0 g), elderberry (EE, 2.0 g), turmeric (TE, 0.18 g), AE + TE, and EE + TE. Each of these 8 individual extracts or combinations were added to a rice porridge containing ~ 50 g available carbohydrate (control). In a within-subject (randomised, balanced incomplete block) design, individual subjects received the control and a subset of 4 of the 8 extracts or combinations. Participants were 72 apparently healthy adults (mean [SD] age 31.2 [5.5] yr, body mass index 22.1 [2.0] kg/m2). The primary outcome was the percentage change in 2-h PPG (positive incremental area under the curve) relative to control. Secondary measures were the 2-h PPI response, 7-h breath hydrogen, measures of gastrointestinal discomfort, and urine glucose. RESULTS In the 65 subjects who completed the control and at least one intervention treatment, additions of AE, MFE and MLE produced statistically significant reductions in PPG vs control (p < 0.05; mean effect - 24.1 to - 38.1%). All extracts and combinations except TE and WBE significantly reduced PPI (p < 0.01; mean effect - 17.3% to - 30.4%). Rises in breath hydrogen > 10 ppm were infrequent, but statistically more frequent than control only for MLE (p = 0.02). Scores for gastrointestinal discomfort were extremely low and not different from control for any treatment, and no glucosuria was observed. CONCLUSIONS Additions of AE, MFE and MLE to rice robustly reduced PPG and PPI. EE significantly reduced only PPI, while TE and WBE showed no significant efficacy for PPG or PPI. Breath hydrogen responses to MLE suggest possible carbohydrate malabsorption at the dose used, but there were no explicit indications of intolerance to any of the extracts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04258501. Registered 6 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Lin
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Tanabe K, Okuda A, Ken F, Yamanaka N, Nakamura S, Oku T. Metabolic fate of newly developed nondigestible oligosaccharide, maltobionic acid, in rats and humans. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3610-3616. [PMID: 32724623 PMCID: PMC7382184 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maltobionic acid (MA), formed by a gluconic acid and glucose linked by an α-1,4 bond, may have the properties of a nondigestible oligosaccharide. The objective of this study was to elucidate the bioavailability of MA in rats and humans by observing digestion of MA by small intestinal enzymes, the fermentation of MA by gut microbiota, and the effect of adaptation following prolonged ingestion of MA. MA digestion was assessed using brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from rat small intestine. A within-subject repeated measures design was used for ingestion experiments in 10 healthy female participants. After MA ingestion, postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels, breath hydrogen excretion, and urinary MA were measured. The effect of adaptation following prolonged MA ingestion was investigated in rats. MA was minimally hydrolyzed by BBMV. Ingestion of 10 g of MA by healthy females did not elevate postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels. Breath hydrogen and urinary MA were negligibly excreted over 8 hr following ingestion. Adaptation to prolonged MA ingestion produced no significant difference in exhaled hydrogen levels over 8 hr following administration compared with controls. MA is a new food material that is highly resistant to digestion and fermentation. It expresses the characteristics of a nondigestible oligosaccharide, including being low energy, improving the flavor of food and juice, and mineral solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tanabe
- Faculty of Nutrition SciencesNakamura Gakuen UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Graduate School of Human Life ScienceNagoya Women's UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Asuka Okuda
- Graduate School of Human Life ScienceNagoya Women's UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Fukami Ken
- San‐ei Sucrochemical Co., Ltd.AichiJapan
| | - Natsumi Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Human Life ScienceNagoya Women's UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Sadako Nakamura
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health/Graduate School of Human Life Sciences/Department of Food and NutritionJumonji UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Tsuneyuki Oku
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health/Graduate School of Human Life Sciences/Department of Food and NutritionJumonji UniversitySaitamaJapan
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Thaipitakwong T, Supasyndh O, Rasmi Y, Aramwit P. A randomized controlled study of dose-finding, efficacy, and safety of mulberry leaves on glycemic profiles in obese persons with borderline diabetes. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Chen Y, Ni J, Li H. Effect of green tea and mulberry leaf powders on the gut microbiota of chicken. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:77. [PMID: 30841884 PMCID: PMC6404333 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is closely correlated with host health and is strongly influenced by food composition. Chinese herbs are usually used as natural feed additives in livestock production. Therefore, the present study assessed the influence of diet supplementation with green tea and mulberry leaf powders on the chicken gut microbiota. The gut microbiota compositions were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Enhanced relative abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Megamonas were found in the chicken gut when mulberry leaf powder was added to diet. Conversely, a higher abundance of potentially pathogenic Gallibacterium was found in the chicken gut when the diet was supplemented with green tea powder. These results indicated that green tea powder and mulberry leaf powder can greatly affect the gut microbiota of chickens by changing their compositions. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to examine and evaluate the effects of Chinese herbs on animal health before they are introduced as feed additives in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 China
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Kume D, Fukami A, Kuraya E, Shimajiri Y, Ito M. Inhibitory Effect of Powdered Morus australis Leaves on Postprandial Elevation of Blood Glucose. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.66.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kume
- Department of Integrated Arts and Science, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College
- Department of Health, Sports and Welfare, Faculty of Humanities, Okinawa University
| | - Arisa Fukami
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College
| | - Eisuke Kuraya
- Science and Technology Division, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College
| | | | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College
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Thaipitakwong T, Numhom S, Aramwit P. Mulberry leaves and their potential effects against cardiometabolic risks: a review of chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:109-118. [PMID: 29347857 PMCID: PMC6130672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1424210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic risks are regarded as the crucial factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Regarding an increased attention to medicinal plants in the current healthcare system, the effects of mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae) leaves on cardiometabolic risks have been consecutively considered in scientific research. OBJECTIVE The present review compiles and summarizes the chemical compositions, biological properties and clinical efficacy of mulberry leaves that are related to the amelioration of cardiometabolic risks. METHODS Published English literature from the PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases was searched by using 'mulberry leaves' 'Morus spp.', 'hyperglycemia', 'hyperlipidemia', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'oxidative stress', 'atherosclerosis' and 'cardiovascular diseases' as the keywords. The relevant articles published over the past two decades were identified and reviewed. RESULTS Mulberry leaves contain numerous chemical constituents. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), phenolics and flavonoids are the prominent functional compounds. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that mulberry leaves possessed various beneficial effects against cardiometabolic risks, including antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Mulberry leaves could be a promising therapeutic option for modulating cardiometabolic risks. However, further investigations should be performed to substantiate the potential of mulberry leaves in practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanchanit Thaipitakwong
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surawej Numhom
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hassan B, Mankowski ME, Kirker GT, Clausen CA, Ahmed S. Effects of White Mulberry (Morus alba) Heartwood Extract Against Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1337-1345. [PMID: 29684157 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heartwood extract from white mulberry (Morus alba L.) (Rosales: Moraceae) were investigated for antitermitic activity against Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in laboratory experiments. An ethanol:toluene (2:1) solvent system was used to remove extract from heartwood shavings. A concentration-dependent feeding response and mortality were observed for termites exposed to a concentration series range of 1.25 to 10 mg/ml of extract based on their dry weight. Results showed that maximum termite mortality occurred at 10 mg/ml. Based on the concentration series data, LC50 was calculated at 1.71 mg/ml. In filter paper feeding and repellency assays, extract significantly decreased the total number of gut protozoa compared with untreated and solvent controls. After feeding on filter paper treated at 10 mg/ml for 2 wk, protozoan populations were reduced by >55%. In choice and no-choice tests with mulberry heartwood, greater wood loss from termite feeding was found on solvent extracted blocks compared with nonextracted. Complete (100%) mortality was observed after feeding on nonextracted blocks compared with extracted blocks. Heartwood extract from white mulberry imparted resistance to vacuum pressure treated, nondurable southern pine and cottonwood. At every concentration tested, 100% mortality was observed after feeding on extract-treated southern pine or cottonwood. GC-MS analysis of extract showed high levels of the phenol compound, resorcinol. Results indicated that heartwood extract from white mulberry have antitermitic properties and might be potentially valuable in the development of environmentally benign termiticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hassan
- Termite Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M E Mankowski
- USDA-FS, Wood Durability and Protection, Lincoln Green Starkville, MS
| | - G T Kirker
- USDA-FS, Wood Durability and Protection, One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI
| | - C A Clausen
- USDA-FS, Wood Durability and Protection, One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, WI
| | - S Ahmed
- Termite Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Józefczuk J, Malikowska K, Glapa A, Stawińska-Witoszyńska B, Nowak JK, Bajerska J, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Mulberry leaf extract decreases digestion and absorption of starch in healthy subjects-A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:302-306. [PMID: 28501729 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf tea has recently received much attention as a dietary supplement due to the wide range of putative health benefits, such as antidiabetic effects. Nevertheless, data evaluating its influence on carbohydrate metabolism in humans are scarce. The present study aims to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract supplementation on starch digestion and absorption in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised of 25 healthy subjects, aged 19-27 years. In all subjects, a starch 13C breath test was performed twice in a crossover and single blind design. Subjects were initially randomized to ingest naturally 13C-abundant cornflakes (50g cornflakes+100ml low fat milk) either with the mulberry leaf extract (36mg of active component-1-deoxynojirimycin) or the placebo and each subject received the opposite preparation one week later. RESULTS The cumulative percentage dose recovery was lower for the mulberry leaf extract test than for the placebo test (median [quartile distribution]: 13.9% [9.9-17.4] vs. 17.2% [13.3-20.6]; p=0.015). A significant decrease was detectable from minute 120 after the ingestion. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of mulberry leaf extract taken with a test meal decreases starch digestion and absorption. These findings could possibly be translated into everyday practice for improvement of postprandial glycemic control.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Dai F, Luo G, Xiao G, Tang C. Genetic diversity among mulberry genotypes from seven countries. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:421-427. [PMID: 28461729 PMCID: PMC5391359 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is an economically and ecologically important, widespread woody plant. It has served human beings for over hundreds of years, and it is still widely used in pharmaceuticals, food industry and farming nowadays. Using modern techniques, deeper understanding in classification and conservation resources of mulberry leads to higher-efficiency hybrids among populations. Genetic polymorphisms among 42 mulberry genotypes from seven countries over Asia and South America were detected using 17 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. A dendrogram was constructed using the similarity matrix among genotypes and a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to further identify and cluster the mulberry genotypes. In the 42 genotypes, 175 distinct bands were displayed, among which 169 were polymorphic bands (96.57%). The polymorphic information content of 17 ISSR primers ranged from 0.2921 to 0.3746 with the mean of 0.3494. And Nei's index and Shanon's information index averaged 0.116 and 0.174, respectively, indicating low diversity of mulberry. For further study, cluster analysis and PCA were carried out and the results were similar. 42 genotypes were grouped, showing some hybridized combinations. Additionally, a connection between mulberry diseases and their genotypes was noted, which indicates possible application for ISSR in studying disease resistance of mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Fanwei Dai
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610 China
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Lown M, Fuller R, Lightowler H, Fraser A, Gallagher A, Stuart B, Byrne C, Lewith G. Mulberry-extract improves glucose tolerance and decreases insulin concentrations in normoglycaemic adults: Results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172239. [PMID: 28225835 PMCID: PMC5321430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sugar and refined carbohydrate intake is associated with weight gain, increased incidence of diabetes and is linked with increased cardiovascular mortality. Reducing the health impact of poor quality carbohydrate intake is a public health priority. Reducose, a proprietary mulberry leaf extract (ME), may reduce blood glucose responses following dietary carbohydrate intake by reducing absorption of glucose from the gut. METHODS A double-blind, randomised, repeat measure, phase 2 crossover design was used to study the glycaemic and insulinaemic response to one reference product and three test products at the Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brooks University, UK. Participants; 37 adults aged 19-59 years with a BMI ≥ 20kg/m2 and ≤ 30kg/m2. The objective was to determine the effect of three doses of mulberry-extract (Reducose) versus placebo on blood glucose and insulin responses when co-administered with 50g maltodextrin in normoglycaemic healthy adults. We also report the gastrointestinal tolerability of the mulberry extract. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the study: The difference in the positive Incremental Area Under the Curve (pIAUC) (glucose (mmol / L x h)) for half, normal and double dose ME compared with placebo was -6.1% (-18.2%, 5.9%; p = 0.316), -14.0% (-26.0%, -2.0%; p = 0.022) and -22.0% (-33.9%, -10.0%; p<0.001) respectively. The difference in the pIAUC (insulin (mIU / L x h)) for half, normal and double dose ME compared with placebo was -9.7% (-25.8%, 6.3%; p = 0.234), -23.8% (-39.9%, -7.8%; p = 0.004) and -24.7% (-40.8%, -8.6%; p = 0.003) respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the 4 groups in the odds of experiencing one or more gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, abdominal cramping, distension or flatulence). CONCLUSIONS Mulberry leaf extract significantly reduces total blood glucose rise after ingestion of maltodextrin over 120 minutes. The pattern of effect demonstrates a classical dose response curve with significant effects over placebo. Importantly, total insulin rises were also significantly suppressed over the same time-period. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the treatment groups (including placebo) in the odds of experiencing one or more gastrointestinal symptoms. Mulberry extract may have multiple modes of action and further studies are necessary to evaluate ME as a potential target for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and the regulation of dysglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lown
- Primary Care & Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Fuller
- Primary Care & Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Lightowler
- Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brooks University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Fraser
- Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brooks University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gallagher
- Chief Operating Officer, Phynova Group Ltd, 16 Fenlock Court, Long Hanborough, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care & Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospitals Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - George Lewith
- Primary Care & Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Król E, Jeszka-Skowron M, Krejpcio Z, Flaczyk E, Wójciak RW. The Effects of Supplementary Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba) Extracts on the Trace Element Status (Fe, Zn and Cu) in Relation to Diabetes Management and Antioxidant Indices in Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:158-165. [PMID: 27071614 PMCID: PMC5055558 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (Morus alba) have been used in folk medicine to mitigate symptoms of diabetes. The mulberry plant contains phenolic compounds that are able to decrease blood glucose concentration. Since various phenolics have antioxidant and metal binding properties, they can be used to alleviate oxidative stress and chelate trace elements involved in redox reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with mulberry leaf extracts (acetone-water (AE) and ethanol-water (EE)) on the trace element status (Fe, Zn and Cu) in relation to diabetes management and antioxidant indices in high-fat diet-fed/STZ diabetic rats. The experiment was performed on 38 male Wistar rats with diabetes (induced by high-fat diet (HF) and streptozotocin injection) or the control fed with AIN-93M or high-fat diet. As a result, five experimental groups were used: (1) a healthy control group fed with AIN-93M; (2) an HF control group; (3) a diabetic HF group; (4) a diabetic HF + AE group (6 g/kg diet); (5) a diabetic HF + EE group (6 g/kg diet). The rats were fed with appropriate diets for 4 weeks. The content of trace elements (Fe, Zn and Cu) in the serum and tissues was measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Biochemical analyses (glucose, TBARS, FRAP) were performed on the blood serum. It was shown that the AE decreased hepatic and renal Fe stores, while the EE increased hepatic Cu levels in diabetic rats and confirmed their ability to regulate the Fe and Cu status in diabetes. The results confirmed a significant hypoglycaemic and antioxidant potential of both mulberry leaf extracts in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jeszka-Skowron
- Department of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Flaczyk
- Department of Food Service and Catering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał W Wójciak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Shin SO, Seo HJ, Park H, Song HJ. Effects of mulberry leaf extract on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Intercultural Usage of Mori Folium: Comparison Review from a Korean Medical Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:379268. [PMID: 26539223 PMCID: PMC4619920 DOI: 10.1155/2015/379268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. A review on studies related to the use of Mori folium, the leaves of Morus alba, was conducted with the goal of identifying new clinical applications in Korean medicine. Methods. Global literature search was conducted using three electronic databases up to January 2015 with the term Morus alba and its Korean terms. KM literatures including textbooks and standard pharmacopoeia were separately hand-searched and reviewed to provide comparison. Data were extracted according to predetermined criteria, and clinical uses were standardized with ICD-10 categories. Results. 159 potentially relevant studies were identified, and 18 articles including 12 ethnopharmacologic and 6 clinical studies were finally included in this analysis. Ethnopharmacologic studies from 8 countries provided 17 clinical uses. We found that five out of six clinical trials were related to diabetes and suggested a moderate short-term to mild long-term effect. And 43 Korean texts also provided 156 clinical uses in 35 categories including ocular and respiratory disorders. Discussion and Conclusions. Though majority of the clinical uses were also found in Korean medicine literature, treatment of infertility, jaundice, cognitive disorder, and hyperpigmentation was found to be effective and diabetes with Morus alba was recognized to have clinical importance.
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Kim JY, Ok HM, Kim J, Park SW, Kwon SW, Kwon O. Mulberry leaf extract improves postprandial glucose response in prediabetic subjects: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Med Food 2014; 18:306-13. [PMID: 25343729 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of 4 weeks of mulberry leaf aqueous extract (MLAE) supplementation (5 g/day) for postprandial glycemic control in 36 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) tolerance. Postprandial responses in the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured after a carbohydrate load both at baseline and after 4 weeks of MLAE supplementation. The postprandial glycemic response was attenuated in the MLAE group after the treatment period, particularly 30 and 60 min after loading (P=.003 and 0.0325 for glucose, P=.0005 and .0350 for insulin, and P=.0151 and .0864 for C-peptide). Additionally, the incremental area under the curve for insulin was significantly lower in the MLAE group than in the placebo group (P=.0207). Four weeks of MLAE supplementation improved postprandial glycemic control in individuals with IFG tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology , Seoul, Korea
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Jeszka-Skowron M, Flaczyk E, Jeszka J, Krejpcio Z, Król E, Buchowski MS. Mulberry leaf extract intake reduces hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Nakamura S, Takami M, Tanabe K, Oku T. Characteristic hydrolyzing of megalosaccharide by human salivary α-amylase and small intestinal enzymes, and its bioavailability in healthy subjects. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:754-60. [PMID: 24725210 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.908168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The digestibility of Megalosaccharide® (newly developed carbohydrate comprising α-1,4-glucosaccharide) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Isomaltosyl-megalosaccharide® (IMS) and nigerosyl-megalosaccharide® (NMS) contain 20% and 50% of the megalosaccharide fraction (degree of polymerization (DP) 10-35), respectively. IMS was hydrolyzed readily by α-amylase to oligosaccharides (DP ≤ 7), and a small amount of glucose was produced from oligosaccharides by small intestinal enzymes (SIEs). NMS was partially hydrolyzed by α-amylase to oligosaccharides, and a small amount of glucose produced by SIEs. When IMS and NMS were treated by SIEs after treatment with human saliva α-amylase for a few minutes, IMS and NMS were hydrolyzed readily to glucose. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin upon ingestion of 50 g of IMS or NMS were elevated the same as those for 50 g of glucose, and breath hydrogen was not excreted. These results suggest that IMS and NMS are digestible carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Nakamura
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki Siebold , Nagayo, Nagasaki , Japan
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Chemical profiles and hypoglycemic activities of mulberry leaf extracts vary with ethanol concentration. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Chung HI, Kim J, Kim JY, Kwon O. Acute intake of mulberry leaf aqueous extract affects postprandial glucose response after maltose loading: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kurzeja E, Stec M, Ramos P, Pilawa B, Pawłowska-Góral K. Antioxidant Properties of Water Extracts of Sterilized and Unsterilized Morus alba L. Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.565901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kurzeja
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stec
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Paweł Ramos
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice , Sosnowiec, Poland
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