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Zuhair Alshawwa S, Salah Labib G, Badr-Eldin SM, Ahmed Kassem A. Solid lipid Lyo-Nanosuspension: A promising stabilized oral delivery system for the antihyperglycemic extract of mistletoe Plicosepalus acacia. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101689. [PMID: 37457370 PMCID: PMC10339052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effect of Plicosepalus acaciae (P. acaciae) extract was proven, but it still needs to be formulated into a suitable dosage form. We aimed at preparing an oral stabilized SLNs for P. acaciae with high payload, to be used as powder for reconstitution, filled into capsule or compressed into tablet. SLNs were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Preliminary characterization was performed followed by full assessment of the optimized SLNs suspension and/or its lyophilized form: particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE), DSC, FTIR and in vitro release studies. The optimized SLNs lyophilized formula (F3L) exhibited acceptable compressibility and flowability. The reconstituted F3L showed % sedimentation volume of 91.83 %, re-dispersibility of 95%, viscosity of 764.33 cp, uniform particle size of 30.28 nm as shown by TEM, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.16, zeta potential of -36.4 mV, % EE of 89.64 % and drug content of 97.69 %. The physical mixture and F3L FTIR spectrum indicated compatibility of components. In vitro release study showed a burst release in lyophilized formulations followed by slow-release, calculated as total phenolic content. Our previously reported work revealed that the total extracts of P. acaciae and SLNs formulations with the greatest lipid content F3s, demonstrated a considerable blood glucose-lowering effect in diabetic rats. The obtained lyophilized SLNs is promising for preparation of a suitable stable dosage form for P. acaciae extract to be used in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gihan Salah Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, 21321 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ahmed Kassem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, 21321 Alexandria, Egypt
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Antioxidant Activity, Stability in Aqueous Medium and Molecular Docking/Dynamics Study of 6-Amino- and N-Methyl-6-amino-L-ascorbic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021410. [PMID: 36674926 PMCID: PMC9862502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and chemical stability of 6-amino-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (D1) and N-methyl-6-amino-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (D2) were examined with ABTS and DPPH assays and compared with the reference L-ascorbic acid (AA). In addition, the optimal storing conditions, as well as the pH at which the amino derivatives maintain stability, were determined using mass spectrometry. Comparable antioxidant activities were observed for NH-bioisosteres and AA. Moreover, D1 showed higher stability in an acidic medium than the parent AA. In addition, AA, D1, and D2 share the same docking profile, with wild-type human peroxiredoxin as a model system. Their docking scores are similar to those of dithiothreitol (DTT). This suggests a similar binding affinity to the human peroxiredoxin binding site.
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3
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Piscopo S, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 in aging and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3907-3919. [PMID: 36300654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1993. [PMID: 36290716 PMCID: PMC9598715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including the activation of intracellular antioxidant systems and its effect on the NFκB/TNFα pathway and apoptosis. Ascorbate interacts with small-molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione, and thioredoxin; it can also stimulate biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbate promotes the activity of transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this regard, both DNA, proteins, and lipids are protected against oxidation, leading to an inflammatory reaction and even cell death. Although ascorbate has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in the prevention of DNA mutation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells, is controversial.
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Liao S, Omage SO, Börmel L, Kluge S, Schubert M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Vitamin E and Metabolic Health: Relevance of Interactions with Other Micronutrients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091785. [PMID: 36139859 PMCID: PMC9495493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hundred years have passed since vitamin E was identified as an essential micronutrient for mammals. Since then, many biological functions of vitamin E have been unraveled in both cell and animal models, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulatory activities on cell signaling and gene expression. However, the bioavailability and physiological functions of vitamin E have been considerably shown to depend on lifestyle, genetic factors, and individual health conditions. Another important facet that has been considered less so far is the endogenous interaction with other nutrients. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients, especially those that are enriched by supplementation in humans, may explain at least some of the discrepancies observed in clinical trials. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that the different forms of vitamin E metabolites and derivates also exhibit physiological activities, which are more potent and mediated via different pathways compared to the respective vitamin E precursors. In this review, possible molecular mechanisms between vitamin E and other nutritional factors are discussed and their potential impact on physiological and pathophysiological processes is evaluated using published co-supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liao
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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The Comparative Effects of Different Types of Oral Vitamin Supplements on Arterial Stiffness: A Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051009. [PMID: 35267985 PMCID: PMC8912633 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a significant prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease, may be affected by dietary factors. Research on the effects of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness and/or endothelial function has produced controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this network meta-analysis was to comparatively assess the effect of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness in the adult population. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials from their inception to 30 September 2021. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist perspective was conducted to assess the effects of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness, as determined by pulse wave velocity. In total, 22 studies were included, with a total of 1318 participants in the intervention group and 1115 participants in the placebo group. The included studies were listed in an ad hoc table describing direct and indirect comparisons of the different types of vitamins. Our findings showed that, in both pairwise comparison and frequentist network meta-analysis, the different types of oral vitamin supplements did not show statistically significant effects on arterial stiffness. However, when oral vitamin supplementation was longer than 12 weeks, vitamin D3 showed a significant reduction in arterial stiffness, compared with the placebo (ES: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.00; −60.0% m/s) and vitamin D2 (ES: −0.25; 95% CI: −0.48, −0.02, −52.0% m/s). In summary, our study confirms that oral vitamin D3 supplementation for more than 12 weeks could be an effective approach to reduce arterial stiffness and could be considered a useful approach to improve vascular health in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Xu J, Engel LS, Rhoden J, Jackson WB, Kwok RK, Sandler DP. The association between blood metals and hypertension in the GuLF study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111734. [PMID: 34303682 PMCID: PMC8578391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both essential and non-essential metals come from natural and anthropogenic sources. Metals can bioaccumulate in humans and may impact human health, including hypertension. METHODS Blood metal (cadmium, lead, mercury, manganese, and selenium) concentrations were measured at baseline for a sample of participants in the Gulf Long-Term Follow-up (GuLF) Study. The GuLF Study is a prospective cohort study focused on potential health effects following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Hypertension was defined as high systolic (≥140 mm Hg) or diastolic (≥90 mm Hg) blood pressure or taking anti-hypertensive medications. A total of 957 participants who had blood measurement for at least one metal, baseline blood pressure measurements, information on any anti-hypertensive medication use, and relevant covariates were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We used Poisson regression to explore the association between individual blood metal levels and hypertension. Quantile-based g-computation was used to investigate the association between the metal mixture and hypertension. We also explored the association between individual blood metal levels and continuous blood pressure measurements using general linear regression. RESULTS Comparing the highest quartile of blood metals with the lowest (Q4vs1), the hypertension prevalence ratio (PR) was 0.92 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.73,1.15) for cadmium, 0.86 (95%CI = 0.66,1.12) for lead, 0.89 (95%CI = 0.71,1.12) for mercury, 1.00 (95%CI = 0.80,1.26) for selenium, and 1.22 (95%CI = 0.95,1.57) for manganese. We observed some qualitative differences across race and BMI strata although none of these differences were statistically significant. In stratified analyses, the PR (Q4vs1) for mercury was 0.69 (95%CI = 0.53, 0.91) in White participants and 1.29 (95%CI = 0.86,1.92) in Black participants (p for interaction = 0.5). The PR (Q4vs1) for manganese was relatively higher in Black participants (PR = 1.37, 95%CI = 0.92,2.05) than in White participants (PR = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.83,1.60, p for interaction = 0.5), with a suggestive dose-response among Blacks. After stratifying by obesity (BMI ≥30 and < 30), positive associations of of hypertension with cadmium (PR [Q4vs1] = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.91,1.56, p for interaction = 0.5), lead (PR [Q4vs1] = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.84,1.55, p for interaction = 1.0) and manganese (PR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.93,1.68, p for interaction = 0.8) were observed in participants with BMI≥30, but not in participants with BMI<30. The joint effect of the metal mixture was 0.96 (95%CI = 0.73,1.27). We did not observe clear associations between blood metal levels and continuous blood pressure measurements. CONCLUSION We did not find overall cross-sectional associations between blood cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium levels and hypertension or blood pressure. We found some evidence suggesting that manganese might be positively associated with risk of hypertension. Associations varied somewhat by race and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joyce Rhoden
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Braxton Jackson
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard K Kwok
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Aaseth J, Alexander J, Alehagen U. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation - In ageing and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111521. [PMID: 34129891 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is also an antioxidant in cellular membranes and lipoproteins. All cells produce CoQ10 by a specialized cytoplasmatic-mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency can result from genetic failure or ageing. Some drugs including statins, widely used by inter alia elderly, may inhibit endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. There are also chronic diseases with lower levels of CoQ10 in tissues and organs. High doses of CoQ10 may increase both circulating and intracellular levels, but there are conflicting results regarding bioavailability. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary and acquired CoQ10 deficiency, and results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There are indications that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and some of the symptoms of ageing. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation appear to be alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials, with CoQ10 in a formulation of proven bioavailability, involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in neurodegenerative disorders, as well as in metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, PO Box 104, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Se-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
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Djalalinia S, Hasani M, Asayesh H, Ejtahed HS, Malmir H, Kasaeian A, Zarei M, Baygi F, Rastad H, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Qorbani M. The effects of dietary selenium supplementation on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1051-1062. [PMID: 34222098 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Selenium (Se) is a trace element having significant effects on human metabolism. Recent studies suggest that Se supplementation have a pivotal effect on the inflammatory markers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Se supplementation on plasma inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and nitric oxide (NO) as a stress oxidative index, among patients with metabolic diseases. Methods To assess the effects of Se on the inflammatory markers, following the PRISMA-P guidelines, we systematically searched ISI/WOS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus for studies that assessed the effect of Se supplementation on the inflammatory markers. Data extraction was performed by two independent investigators. Using the random effects or fixed-effects model depending on the results of heterogeneity tests was used to estimate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 index. Results The initial search revealed 3,320 papers. After screening process and considering inclusion criteria, 7 publications were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that Se supplementation did not significantly affect CRP and hs-CRP concentrations (mean difference (MD) = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.55- 0.23; P = 0.43). Subgroup analysis of CRP type showed that Se supplementation significantly decreased hs-CRP level (pooled SMD = -0.44; 95% CI: -0.67-0.21). Moreover, no significant change was observed in NO level by continuing to take Se supplementation, (pooled SMD: 0.003, 95%CI: -0.26, 0.26). Conclusions This study revealed that Se supplementation would have desirable effects on cardio-metabolic indicators through affecting the levels of inflammatory markers. Given the importance of concerns, more attention should be given to more prospective studies with longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran Universityof Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Malmir
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University Putra Malaysia , Selangor Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fereshteh Baygi
- Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Hadith Rastad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center Alborz, University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Azouz AA, Ali SE, Abd-Elsalam RM, Emam SR, Galal MK, Elmosalamy SH, Alsherbiny MA, Hassan BB, Li CG, El Badawy SA. Modulation of steroidogenesis by Actaea racemosa and vitamin C combination, in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model: promising activity without the risk of hepatic adverse effect. Chin Med 2021; 16:36. [PMID: 33926485 PMCID: PMC8086310 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complementary remedies such as the Chinese herb ‘Sheng Ma’ (Black cohosh; Actaea racemosa ‘AR’) are being sought to overcome the shortcomings of conventional hormonal and surgical therapies developed for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, AR-induced hepatotoxicity necessitates a cautionary warning to be labeled on its products as recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia, where four out of seven hepatotoxic cases in Sweden were possibly associated with black cohosh products. Methods We investigated the effects, safety, and molecular targets of black cohosh ethanolic extract and/or vitamin C on ovarian functionality and oxidative response in hyperandrogenism-induced PCOS rats. A well-established rat model using oral letrozole, daily, for 21 days was employed. The rats then received the AR extract with and without vitamin C for 28 days. The hormonal evaluation, antioxidant status, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, cell proliferation, and the expression ratio of the aromatase (Cyp19α1) gene were evaluated. Additionally, holistic profiling of the AR arsenal of secondary metabolites was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole high-resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Results Beneficial effects were exerted by AR in PCOS rats as antioxidant status, hormonal profile, lipid profile, glucose level, liver functions, and the induced Ki-67 expression in the granulosa, theca cell layers and interstitial stromal cells were all improved. Notably, the combination of AR with vitamin C was not only more effective in reversing the dysregulated levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and mRNA level of Cyp19α1 gene in the PCOS rat, but also safer. The combination regulated both ovarian and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels with histological improvement observed in the liver and ovaries. In addition, the untargeted metabolomic profiling enabled the identification of 61 metabolites allocated in five major chemical classes. Conclusion This study demonstrated the benefit of the combinatorial effects of AR and vitamin C in mitigating the reproductive and metabolic disorders associated with PCOS with the elimination of AR hepatotoxic risk. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00444-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sara E Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Shimaa R Emam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sherif H Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Alsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt. .,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Bardes B Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Shymaa A El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1496462. [PMID: 33062134 PMCID: PMC7533760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1496462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.
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Kerch G. Role of Changes in State of Bound Water and Tissue Stiffness in Development of Age-Related Diseases. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061362. [PMID: 32560459 PMCID: PMC7361708 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential effect of environmental stiffness on biological processes in cells at present is generally accepted. An increase in arterial stiffness with advanced age has been reported in many publications. The aim of the present review is to summarize current information about possible chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to tissue stiffening and result in age-related diseases in order to find methods that can prevent or retard time-dependent tissue stiffening. The analysis of published data shows that bound water acts as a plasticizer of biological tissues, a decrease in bound water content results in an increase in biological tissue stiffness, and increased tissue stiffness leads to NF-kB activation and triggered actin polymerization-NF-kB activation is associated with age-related diseases. It can be suggested that changes in bound water content through changing tissue stiffness can affect cellular processes and the development of pathologies related to aging. Both age-related diseases and COVID-19 may be associated with tight-junction disruption and increased tissue stiffness and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kerch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia
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Abbas MA, Kandil YI, Disi AM, Jaffal SM. Gastroprotective activity of Loranthus acaciae flower extract in a rodent model of ethanol-induced ulcer. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1283-1288. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Loranthus acaciae (Loranthaceae) is a perennial green semi-parasitic plant used in ethnopharmacological medicine for healing wounds. The protective effect of L. acaciae on gastric ulcer induced by ethanol was investigated in a rat model. Ulcer index and total glutathione level were measured and histological and immunohistochemical studies for the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were performed. Furthermore, chemical constituents of the flower extract were analyzed. Ulcer index was significantly lowered in L. acaciae-treated groups. Protection ratios were 75.9%, 98.9%, and 70.7% for 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of L. acaciae and 40 mg/kg of esomeprazole, respectively. Histological examination revealed fewer hemorrhage in mucosa and less edema in submucosa of L. acaciae-treated groups compared with control. In the esomeprazole-treated group, there was mild disruption in the surface epithelium and mild hemorrhage. However, edema and leucocytes infiltration in the submucosa layer were present. Immunohistochemical staining of stomach sections for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was negative in the control group as well as in the L. acaciae-treated groups. Total glutathione level in mucosa layer of the stomach was higher in L. acaciae-treated groups compared with control. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of loranthin and rutin as the major constituents. It can be concluded that L. acaciae imparted a gastroprotective action against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. Novelty 500 mg/kg L. acaciae protected the stomach by 98.9% from ulcerogenic effect of ethanol. L. acaciae increased total glutathione level but not COX-2 expression in gastric mucosa. Loranthin and rutin were the major constituents in L. acaciae flower extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. Abbas
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan
| | - Yasser I. Kandil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328 Amman, Jordan; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Disi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Sahar M. Jaffal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
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Mahdavi Gorabi A, Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Zarei M, Ejtahed H, Abdar ME, Asayesh H, Azimzadeh M, Qorbani M, Noroozi M. Effect of selenium supplementation on glycemic indices: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:349-362. [PMID: 31890660 PMCID: PMC6914762 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between selenium supplementation and glycemic indices seems to be a controversial issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on glycemic indices. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/WOS, and Scopus (from their commencements up to Jan 2016) for relevant studies examining the association between intake of selenium and glycemic indices. The data were extracted from relevant qualified studies and estimated using the random-effect or pooled model and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve articles published between 2004 and 2016 were included. In all the studies, the participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 757) or a control group(n = 684). All the studies were double blind, placebo controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in homeostasis model of assessment-estimated β-cell function (HOMA-B) (SMD: -0.63; 95%CI: -0.89 to -0.38) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD: by 0.74; 95%CI: 0.49 to 0.1) as compared with the controls. There were no statistically significant improvements in glycemic indices, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and adiponectin. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that selenium supplementation significantly decreased HOMA-B and increased QUICKI score. There was no statistically significant improvement in FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and adiponectin indices following selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hanieh Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeili Abdar
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azimzadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kamali A, Amirani E, Asemi Z. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:331-337. [PMID: 30637662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients undergoing for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 33 patients undergoing for CABG surgery, aged 40-85 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 200 μg/day selenium supplements as selenium yeast (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) for 4 weeks. Glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. After the 4-week intervention, selenium supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β, 6.76 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 13.13, - 0.40; P = 0.03), insulin (β, - 1.14 μIU/mL; 95% CI, - 2.01, - 0.28; P = 0.01); homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β - 0.35; 95% CI, - 0.62, - 0.08; P = 0.01); and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (β - 0.31; 95% CI, - 0.51, - 0.09; P = 0.008); and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels (β, 2.72 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.89, 4.55; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Moreover, selenium supplementation led to a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β, - 0.68 mg/L; 95% CI, - 1.18, - 0.17; P = 0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β, - 0.27 μmol/L; 95% CI, - 0.47, - 0.07; P = 0.009), and a significant elevation in total glutathione (GSH) levels (β, 77.33 μmol/L; 95% CI, 56.11, 98.55; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Selenium supplementation did not affect other metabolic profiles. Overall, our study demonstrated that selenium supplementation for 4 weeks to patients undergoing for CABG surgery had beneficial effects on FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP, GSH, and MDA levels, but did not affect other metabolic profiles. Clinical trial registration number: http://www.irct.ir : IRCT2017090533941N22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kamali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Swart R, Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Smith W, Mels CMC. The Association of Measures of the Micro- and Macro-Vasculature with Selenium and GPx Activity in a Young Bi-Ethnic Population: The African-PREDICT Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:614-622. [PMID: 30822227 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1570479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rijané Swart
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johannes M. van Rooyen
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wayne Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M. C. Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Izadi A, Shirazi S, Taghizadeh S, Gargari BP. Independent and Additive Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E on Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Visceral Adiposity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123988. [PMID: 30544955 PMCID: PMC6320919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries, representing almost 30% of all deaths worldwide. Evidence shows the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CVD over the last 25 years has become a public health priority, especially the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) through lifestyle interventions. Current scientific evidence shows that Western dietary patterns compared to healthier dietary patterns, such as the ‘Mediterranean diet’ (MeDiet), leads to an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In fact, dietary intervention allows better combination of multiple foods and nutrients. Therefore, a healthy dietary pattern shows a greater magnitude of beneficial effects than the potential effects of a single nutrient supplementation. This review aims to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods, or individual nutrients) for preventing CVD and quantifies the magnitude of the beneficial effects observed. On the other hand, we analyze the possible mechanisms implicated in this cardioprotective effect.
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19
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Parsi E, Bitterlich N, Winkelmann A, Rösler D, Metzner C. Dietary intervention with a specific micronutrient combination for the treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias: the impact on insulin resistance and left ventricular function. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:220. [PMID: 30509185 PMCID: PMC6276261 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrhythmias (CA) are very common and may occur with or without heart disease. Causes of these disturbances can be components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or deficits of micronutrients especially magnesium, potassium, B vitamins and coenzyme Q10. Both causes may also influence each other. Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for diastolic dysfunction. One exploratory outcome of the present pilot study was to assess the impact of a dietary intervention with specific micronutrients on the lowering of IR levels in patients with CA with the goal to improve the left ventricular (LV) function. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of the randomized double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in patients with CA (VPBs, SVPBs, SV tachycardia), which were recruited using data from patients who were 18–75 years of age in an Outpatient Practice of Cardiology. These arrhythmias were assessed by Holter ECG and LV function by standard echocardiography. Glucose metabolism was measured by fasting glucose, fasting insulin level and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) at baseline and after 6 weeks of dietary supplementation. Results A total of 54 randomized patients with CA received either a specific micronutrient combination or placebo. Dietary intervention led to a significant decrease in fasting insulin ≥58 pmol/l (p = 0.020), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.053) in the verum group after 6 weeks. At the same time, parameters of LV diastolic function were improved after intervention in the verum group: significant reduction of LV mass index (p = 0.003), and in tendency both a decrease of interventricular septal thickness (p = 0.053) as well as an increase of E/A ratio (p = 0.051). On the other hand, the premature beats (PBs) were unchanged under verum. Conclusions In this pilot study, dietary intervention with specific micronutrient combination as add-on to concomitant cardiovascular drug treatment seems to improve cardio metabolic health in patients with CA. Further studies are required. Study registration The study was approved by the Freiburg Ethics Commission International and was retrospectively registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials gov ID NCT 02652338 on 16 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Parsi
- Outpatient Practice of Cardiology, Suermondtstr. 13, D-13053, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- Medicine and Service Ltd, Department of Biostatistics, Boettcherstr. 10, D-09117, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Anne Winkelmann
- Outpatient Practice of Cardiology, Suermondtstr. 13, D-13053, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rösler
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A, Fuerst-Pueckler-Str. 44, D-50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Metzner
- Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A, Fuerst-Pueckler-Str. 44, D-50935, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 44, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Chen J, Gu H, Wurster RD, Cheng Z. Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Mice Overexpressing Human SOD1: Functional Changes in Central and Vagal Efferent Components. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:91-97. [PMID: 30460537 PMCID: PMC6357281 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) (such as the superoxide radical) are commonly associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunctions. Though superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) overexpression may protect against ROS damage to the autonomic nervous system, superoxide radical reduction may change normal physiological functions. Previously, we demonstrated that human SOD1 (hSOD1) overexpression does not change baroreflex bradycardia and tachycardia but rather increases aortic depressor nerve activity in response to arterial pressure changes in C57B6SJL-Tg (SOD1)2 Gur/J mice. Since the baroreflex arc includes afferent, central, and efferent components, the objective of this study was to determine whether hSOD1 overexpression alters the central and vagal efferent mediation of heart rate (HR) responses. Our data indicate that SOD1 overexpression decreased the HR responses to vagal efferent nerve stimulation but did not change the HR responses to aortic depressor nerve (ADN) stimulation. Along with the previous study, we suggest that SOD1 overexpression preserves normal baroreflex function but may differentially alter the functions of the ADN, vagal efferents, and central components. While SOD1 overexpression likely enhanced ADN function and the central mediation of bradycardia, it decreased vagal efferent control of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Division of Neuroscience and Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - He Gu
- Division of Neuroscience and Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Robert D Wurster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Zixi Cheng
- Division of Neuroscience and Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Mazidi M, Kengne AP, Banach M. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dewell A, Tsao P, Rigdon J, Gardner CD. Antioxidants from diet or supplements do not alter inflammatory markers in adults with cardiovascular disease risk. A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2018; 50:63-72. [PMID: 29540273 PMCID: PMC5858717 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects, but there is a lack of research comparing food to supplement antioxidant sources. The aim of this study was to determine if increases in intake of foods naturally rich in antioxidants would lower blood levels of inflammatory markers more than consuming antioxidant supplements among adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eighty-eight generally healthy adults with ≥1 elevated risk factor for cardiovascular disease were randomized in a single-blind (diets)/double-blind (supplements), parallel-group study for 8 weeks. Participants consumed (1) usual diet and placebo pills (n = 29), (2) usual diet and antioxidant supplements (n = 29), or (3) antioxidant-rich foods closely matched to antioxidant content of supplements and placebo (n = 30). Usual diet combined with antioxidant supplements or increased antioxidant-rich food intake was designed to approximately double daily habitual antioxidant intake. Antioxidant pills included carotenoids, mixed tocopherols, vitamin C, and selenium. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for inflammatory marker concentrations of interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Participants in the intervention groups successfully doubled most antioxidants as verified by diet records and elevated blood concentrations in treatment groups. Baseline levels of inflammatory markers for the entire study group were 110 ± 65 pg/mL for monocyte chemotactic protein-1, 0.9 ± 0.7 pg/mL for interleukin-6, and 217 ± 56 ng/mL for soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (means ± standard deviation) and did not differ by treatment arm. After 8 weeks, there were no significant within-group changes or between-group 8-week change differences in inflammatory marker concentrations. In conclusion, no beneficial effects were detected on the inflammatory markers investigated in response to antioxidants from foods or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Dewell
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA
| | - Philip Tsao
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph Rigdon
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Prevention Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA.
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Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8784971. [PMID: 28167849 PMCID: PMC5266829 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8784971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.
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Biopeptides with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in the prevention and treatment of diabesity disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:816-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Ahmadvand H, Bagheri S, Tamjidi-Poor A, Cheraghi M, Azadpour M, Ezatpour B, Moghadam S, Shahsavari G, Jalalvand M. Biochemical effects of oleuropein in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2016; 12:87-93. [PMID: 27429628 PMCID: PMC4933747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleuropein is a natural antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. In the present study, we examined effect of oleuropein on the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes, and relationship of PON1 activity by high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic indices in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS This is a lab trial study in Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran (2013). 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups to receive saline; GM, 100 mg/kg/day; and GM plus oleuropein by 15 mg/kg intraperitoneal daily, respectively. After 12 days, animals were anesthetized, blood samples were also collected before killing to measure the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL (VLDL), HDL-C, atherogenic index, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of PON1 of all groups were analyzed. Data were analyzed, and P < 0.050 was considered significant. RESULTS Oleuropein significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient (AC), and cardiac risk ratio (CRR). HDL-C level was significantly increased when treated with oleuropein. The activity of PON1 in treated animals was (62.64 ± 8.68) that it was significantly higher than untreated animals (47.06 ± 4.10) (P = 0.047). The activity of PON1 in the untreated nephrotoxic rats was significantly lower than that of control animals (77.84 ± 9.43) (P = 0.030). Furthermore, the activity of PON1 correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with AC, CRR 1, and CRR 2 in the treated group with oleuropein. CONCLUSION This study showed that oleuropein improves PON1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic index and can probably decrease the risk of cardiovascular death in nephrotoxic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center AND Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Bagheri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Correspondence to: Shahrokh Bagheri,
| | - Ahmad Tamjidi-Poor
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Azadpour
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ezatpour
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Moghadam
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahsavari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masumeh Jalalvand
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Su L, Jin Y, Unverzagt FW, Liang C, Cheng Y, Hake AM, Kuruppu D, Ma F, Liu J, Chen C, Bian J, Li P, Gao S. Longitudinal Association between Selenium Levels and Hypertension in a Rural Elderly Chinese Cohort. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:983-988. [PMID: 27925137 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Results from previous studies have been inconsistent on the association between selenium and hypertension, and very few studies on this subject have focused on the elderly population. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between selenium level and hypertension in a rural elderly Chinese cohort. DESIGN A longitudinal study was implemented and data were analyzed using logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders. The associations between selenium level and prevalent hypertension at baseline and between selenium and incident hypertension were examined. SETTING Community-based setting in four rural areas in China. SUBJECTS A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 71.9±5.6 years) participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS Nail selenium levels were measured in all subjects at baseline. Blood pressure measures and self-reported hypertension history were collected at baseline, 2.5 years and 7 years later. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or higher, diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or higher, or reported use of anti-hypertensive medication. RESULTS The rate of baseline hypertension was 63.50% in this cohort and the mean nail selenium level is 0.413±0.183μg/g. Multi-covariate adjusted cross-sectional analyses indicated that higher selenium level was associated with higher blood pressure measures at baseline and higher rates of hypertension. For the 635 participants with normal blood pressure at baseline, 360 had developed hypertension during follow-up. The incidence rate for hypertension was 45.83%, 52.27%, 62.50%, 70.48%, and 62.79% from the first selenium quintile to the fifth quintile respectively. Comparing to the lowest quintile group, the hazard ratios were 1.41 (95%CI: 1.03 to1.94), 1.93 (95%CI: 1.40 to 2.67), 2.35 (95%CI: 1.69 to 3.26) and 1.94 (95%CI: 1.36 to 22.77) for the second selenium quintile to the fifth quintile respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high selenium may play a harmful role in the development of hypertension. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate a plausible biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Su
- Dr. Sujuan Gao, Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, #3000, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2872, Phone: U.S. (317) 274-0820 Fax: (317)274-2678,
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SOD1 Overexpression Preserves Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate with an Increase of Aortic Depressor Nerve Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3686829. [PMID: 26823951 PMCID: PMC4707341 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3686829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide radical (O2∙−), is associated with diseases which compromise cardiac autonomic function. Overexpression of SOD1 may offer protection against ROS damage to the cardiac autonomic nervous system, but reductions of O2∙− may interfere with normal cellular functions. We have selected the C57B6SJL-Tg (SOD1)2 Gur/J mouse as a model to determine whether SOD1 overexpression alters cardiac autonomic function, as measured by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and aortic depressor nerve (ADN) recordings, as well as evaluation of baseline heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Under isoflurane anesthesia, C57 wild-type and SOD1 mice were catheterized with an arterial pressure transducer and measurements of HR and MAP were taken. After establishing a baseline, hypotension and hypertension were induced by injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE), respectively, and ΔHR versus ΔMAP were recorded as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). SNP and PE treatment were administered sequentially after a recovery period to measure arterial baroreceptor activation by recording aortic depressor nerve activity. Our findings show that overexpression of SOD1 in C57B6SJL-Tg (SOD1)2 Gur/J mouse preserved the normal HR, MAP, and BRS but enhanced aortic depressor nerve function.
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Zahed NS, Ghassami M, Nikbakht H. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on C-reactive protein and homocysteine as the inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients; a randomized clinical trial. J Nephropathol 2015; 5:38-43. [PMID: 27047809 PMCID: PMC4790186 DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2016.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The most leading cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are cardiovascular disease and inflammatory markers are related to coronary events. CO-Q10 (coenzyme Q10) is a protective supplement from free radical oxidative damage. In addition, hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor.
Objectives: Due to increasing oxidative stress in dialysis patients, and the effect of CO-Q10 in decrease oxidative stress, in this work, we assessed the effect of CO-Q10 on C-reactive protein (CRP) level as an inflammatory marker and homocysteine in dialysis patients.
Patients and Methods: This was a single-blind, randomized cross over clinical trial. Patients with ESRD were randomly allotted to two groups. All patients received placebo and C0- Q10 100mg/d during the three months in each stage, with two week washout period. Plasma level of CRP and homocysteine from the start of the work and at the conclusion of each menses, are evaluated.
Results: Thirty-four patients randomized, but 26 patients complete study protocol. The treatment effect of CO-Q10 on CRP level is significant (P < 0.001) (95% CI = -20.1 to -10.5) and it was also significant for the increasing albumin level. (P = 0.044) (95% CI = 0. 0-0.6), But there was not any substantial effect on serum homocysteine level (P = 0.630).
Conclusions: CO-Q10 could significantly decrease CRP level as an inflammatory marker and can protect cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges-Sadat Zahed
- Departement of Nephrology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghassami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Nikbakht
- Departement of Nephrology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Schwab S, Zierer A, Heier M, Fischer B, Huth C, Baumert J, Meisinger C, Peters A, Thorand B. Intake of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Longitudinal Association with HbA1c Levels in the General Non-Diabetic Population--Results from the MONICA/KORA S3/F3 Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139244. [PMID: 26473975 PMCID: PMC4608810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The aim of the study was to longitudinally investigate the association between the use of 11 vitamins and minerals (vitamins E, C, D, B1, folic acid, carotenoids, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and selenium) and change in HbA1c levels over 10 years in non-diabetic individuals drawn from the general population. Methods Baseline data were available from 4447 subjects included in the population-based “Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases” (MONICA) Augsburg S3 survey (1994/95). Follow-up data were derived from 2774 participants in the follow-up survey named “Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg” (KORA) F3 (2004/05). Vitamin/mineral intake from supplements and medications was assessed in a personal interview, where participants were asked to bring product packages of preparations that had been ingested during the last 7 days prior to the examination. Associations between regular vitamin/mineral intake amounts and HbA1c levels measured at baseline and follow-up were investigated using generalized estimating equation models. For carotenoids, analyses were stratified by smoking status. Results None of the investigated nutrients except for carotenoids was significantly associated with changes in HbA1c levels after 10 years. Regular intake of carotenoids from supplements and medications in amounts > 6.8mg/d (upper tertile) was associated with an absolute –0.26% (95% CI: –0.43 to –0.08) lower increase in HbA1c levels compared with no intake of carotenoids. An inverse association was observed in those who never smoked but not in (former) smokers. Conclusion Larger prospective and intervention studies in non-diabetic/non-smoking individuals are needed to confirm the results and to assess whether the observed associations between carotenoid intake and change in HbA1c levels are causal. If our results are confirmed, high carotenoid intake could be one strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in non-diabetic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Schwab
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Zierer
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Baumert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E may interact with single nucleotide polymorphisms on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:855-866. [PMID: 25869180 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interaction between genetics and diet may explain the present disagreement in the protective role of vitamin intake on cardiovascular disease. We cross-sectionally assessed the interaction of habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. METHODS Dietary intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E were quantified by a food frequency questionnaire in 3198 healthy men and women (≥ 40 years) from the Korea Multi-Rural communities Cohort study. baPWV was measured, and 19 SNPs were genotyped. The associations and interactions between dietary vitamin intake, SNP genotype, and baPWV were assessed using general linear models. RESULTS In both men and women, dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E and baPWV were not directly associated. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E intake had an interaction with rs4961 (ADD1) genotype on baPWV in men. rs4961 also interacted with folate intake on baPWV in women. In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with β-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV. In general, minor allele homozygotes with low vitamin intake had higher baPWV than other subgroups. Results were similar when supplement users were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of dietary vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E may be related to high baPWV in healthy Korean men who are minor allele homozygotes of rs4961. In healthy Korean women, dietary folate, β-carotene, and vitamin E intake may affect baPWV differently according to rs4961, rs10817542, rs719856, or rs5443 genotype. Greater dietary intake of these nutrients may protect those that are genetically vulnerable to stiffening of the arteries.
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Siti HN, Kamisah Y, Kamsiah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease (a review). Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:40-56. [PMID: 25869516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of mild chronic vascular inflammation as part of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, most importantly hypertension and atherosclerosis, has been well accepted. Indeed there are links between vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, there are still gaps in our understanding regarding this matter that might be the cause behind disappointing results of antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular risk factors in large-scale long-term randomised controlled trials. Apart from the limitations of our knowledge, limitations in methodology and assessment of the body's endogenous and exogenous oxidant-antioxidant status are a serious handicap. The pleiotropic effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammation that are shown by some well-established antihypertensive agents and statins partly support the idea of using antioxidants in vascular diseases as still relevant. This review aims to provide an overview of the links between oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors, importantly focusing on blood pressure regulation and atherosclerosis. In view of the potential benefits of antioxidants, this review will also examine the proposed role of vitamin C, vitamin E and polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases as well as the success or failure of antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa N Siti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Y Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Kamsiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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32
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The evaluation of non-enzymatic antioxidants effects in limiting tumor- associated oxidative stress, in a tumor rat model. J Med Life 2015; 8:513-6. [PMID: 26664481 PMCID: PMC4656963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active oxygen species are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism. Of these, free radicals are usually metabolized or inactivated in vivo by a team of antioxidants. Individual members are a trained team fighting antioxidants to prevent the generation of ROS, destroy or oxidizing potential of capture. In terms of physiological oxidative stress, induced tissue attack is minimal. A relative or absolute deficiency in the antioxidant defense may lead to increased oxidative stress and this event is associated with both the causes and consequences of diseases and cancer, included here. The aim of the study is to identify the role of antioxidant defense systems and the reduction of oxidative stress in dynamic growth and development of malignant tumors. Our in vivo study was developed and referred to carcinosarcoma carriers Wistar rats treated with non-enzymatic antioxidants: vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc salt (II), and arginine in various combinations. Treatment was initiated three weeks before tumor induction.
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Pagano G, Aiello Talamanca A, Castello G, Cordero MD, d'Ischia M, Gadaleta MN, Pallardó FV, Petrović S, Tiano L, Zatterale A. Current experience in testing mitochondrial nutrients in disorders featuring oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: rational design of chemoprevention trials. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20169-208. [PMID: 25380523 PMCID: PMC4264162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An extensive number of pathologies are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) and oxidative stress (OS). Thus, mitochondrial cofactors termed "mitochondrial nutrients" (MN), such as α-lipoic acid (ALA), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and l-carnitine (CARN) (or its derivatives) have been tested in a number of clinical trials, and this review is focused on the use of MN-based clinical trials. The papers reporting on MN-based clinical trials were retrieved in MedLine up to July 2014, and evaluated for the following endpoints: (a) treated diseases; (b) dosages, number of enrolled patients and duration of treatment; (c) trial success for each MN or MN combinations as reported by authors. The reports satisfying the above endpoints included total numbers of trials and frequencies of randomized, controlled studies, i.e., 81 trials testing ALA, 107 reports testing CoQ10, and 74 reports testing CARN, while only 7 reports were retrieved testing double MN associations, while no report was found testing a triple MN combination. A total of 28 reports tested MN associations with "classical" antioxidants, such as antioxidant nutrients or drugs. Combinations of MN showed better outcomes than individual MN, suggesting forthcoming clinical studies. The criteria in study design and monitoring MN-based clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-Cancer Research Center at Mercogliano (CROM)-IRCCS, Naples I-80131, Italy.
| | - Annarita Aiello Talamanca
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-Cancer Research Center at Mercogliano (CROM)-IRCCS, Naples I-80131, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Castello
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-Cancer Research Center at Mercogliano (CROM)-IRCCS, Naples I-80131, Italy.
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Research Laboratory, Dental School, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples I-80126, Italy.
| | - Maria Nicola Gadaleta
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Bari I-70126, Italy.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras), University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Sandra Petrović
- Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona I-60131, Italy.
| | - Adriana Zatterale
- Genetics Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Napoli 1 Centro, Naples I-80136, Italy.
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Yamada K, Naiki M, Hoshino S, Kitaura Y, Kondo Y, Nomura N, Kimura R, Fukushi D, Yamada Y, Shimozawa N, Yamaguchi S, Shimomura Y, Miura K, Wakamatsu N. Clinical and biochemical characterization of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency that causes Leigh-like disease and ketoacidosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:455-460. [PMID: 27896122 PMCID: PMC5121361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodes of ketoacidosis and a Leigh-like basal ganglia disease, without high concentrations of pyruvate and lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid. Only 4 cases of HIBCH deficiency have been reported. However, clinical-biochemical correlation in HIBCH deficiency by determining the detailed residual enzyme activities has not yet been elucidated. Here, we report a case of two Japanese siblings with HIBCH deficiency carrying a new homozygous missense mutation (c.287C > A, [p.A96D]) at the substrate-binding site. A transfection study using HIBCH expression vectors harboring wild type or 4 reported mutations, including the newly identified mutation (p.A96D, p.Y122C, p.G317E, and p.K74Lfs*13), revealed a correlation between residual HIBCH activities and the severity of the disease. All HIBCH mutants, except p.K74Lfs*13, showed residual enzyme activity and only the patient with p.K74Lfs*13 had congenital anomalies. p.G317E showed only low enzyme activity (~ 3%) of that of wild-type HIBCH. Although p.A96D had approximately 7 times higher enzyme activity than p.G317E, patients with p.A96D died during childhood. These findings are essential for clinical management, genetic counseling, and specific meal and concomitant drug considerations as part of the treatment for patients with HIBCH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Naiki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Nomura
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Reiko Kimura
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukushi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kiyokuni Miura
- Division of Developmental Disabilities Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Wakamatsu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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Ashor AW, Siervo M, Lara J, Oggioni C, Mathers JC. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation reduces arterial stiffness in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2014; 144:1594-602. [PMID: 25098780 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies tested the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness, but the results were contradictory. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness and to determine whether the effects on arterial stiffness vary according to dose, duration of intervention, and health or nutritional status of the included participants. METHODS We searched 3 databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) for articles that potentially met the following eligibility criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials comparing antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, and A and β-carotene) to either placebo or no active control in 2) adult participants aged ≥18 y; 3) antioxidant vitamins administered alone or in combination, irrespective of dose, duration, and route of administration; and 4) changes in arterial stiffness or arterial compliance. Data were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and analyzed using fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS Data synthesis showed that antioxidant vitamins reduced arterial stiffness significantly (SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.08; P < 0.001). This effect was significant in experimental (SMD: -1.02; 95% CI: -1.54, -0.49; P < 0.001) and primary prevention (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04; P < 0.01) studies, whereas a trend for reduced arterial stiffness was observed in studies including participants with diseases (SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02; P = 0.08). Vitamin supplementation improved arterial stiffness irrespective of age group and duration of intervention. Antioxidant vitamins were more effective in participants with low baseline plasma concentrations of vitamins C (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; P < 0.016) and E (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.23, -0.33; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has a small, protective effect on arterial stiffness. The effect may be augmented in those with lower baseline plasma vitamin E and C concentrations. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42014007260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Clio Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
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Koszta G, Fülesdi B. [Significance of selenium in the pathogenesis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases and those requiring intensive care]. Orv Hetil 2014; 154:1621-7. [PMID: 24095911 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency results in profound changes in cellular defence mechanisms against oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease and the associated risk factors. Increased formation and decreased elimination of reactive oxygen radicals contribute to the complicated mechanisms of sepsis and related disorders. Use of selenium in prevention and treatment of the above mentioned conditions is not a new idea, but controversial data were published in relation to both fields recently. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most important results related to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Koszta
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Tanszék Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
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Ortiz-Espejo M, Gil-Campos M, Mesa MD, García-Rodríguez CE, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Pérez-Navero JL. Alterations in the antioxidant defense system in prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:607-15. [PMID: 23925485 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of oxidative stress is well known in the pathogenesis of acquired malnutrition. Intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with an imbalance in oxidative stress/antioxidant system. Therefore, early postnatal environment and, consequently, extrauterine growth restriction might be associated with alterations in the antioxidant defense system, even in the prepubertal stage. METHODS This is a descriptive, analytical, and observational case-control study. The study included two groups; 38 Caucasian prepubertal children born prematurely and with a history of extrauterine growth restriction as the case group, and 123 gender- and age-matched controls. Plasma exogenous antioxidant (retinol, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol) concentrations were measured by HPLC; antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were determined in lysed erythrocytes by spectrophotometric techniques. RESULTS Catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly lower in extrauterine growth restriction children than in controls (P < 0.001). Lower plasma retinol concentrations were found in the case group (P = 0.029), while concentrations of β-carotene and α-tocopherol were higher (P < 0.001) in extrauterine growth restriction prepubertal children as compared with controls. After correction by gestational age, birth weight, and length, statistically significant differences were also found, except for retinol. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction present alterations in their antioxidant defense system. Knowing these alterations may be important in establishing pharmacological and nutritional treatments as this situation might be associated with higher metabolic disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortiz-Espejo
- Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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Dato S, Crocco P, D'Aquila P, de Rango F, Bellizzi D, Rose G, Passarino G. Exploring the role of genetic variability and lifestyle in oxidative stress response for healthy aging and longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16443-72. [PMID: 23965963 PMCID: PMC3759920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging. The worsening efficiency of stress response with age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age-related diseases. In contrast, centenarians seem to have evolved conservative stress response mechanisms, probably derived from a combination of a diet rich in natural antioxidants, an active lifestyle and a favorable genetic background, particularly rich in genetic variants able to counteract the stress overload at the level of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The integration of these factors could allow centenarians to maintain moderate levels of free radicals that exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects on cellular metabolism. Considering the hot debate on the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in promoting healthy aging, in this review we gathered the existing information regarding genetic variability and lifestyle factors which potentially modulate the stress response at old age. Evidence reported here suggests that the integration of lifestyle factors (moderate physical activity and healthy nutrition) and genetic background could shift the balance in favor of the antioxidant cellular machinery by activating appropriate defense mechanisms in response to exceeding external and internal stress levels, and thus possibly achieving the prospect of living a longer life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Heart Science, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4c, Rende 87036, CS, Italy.
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Abstract
AbstractThe health-promoting effects of antioxidant vitamins C and E supplementation are unclear. This study investigated the effects of vitamins C and E on the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes and protein and lipid peroxidation statuses under resting and exercise-induced conditions. Thirteen healthy, previously untrained males (age 20–21 years) participated in this study. Seven subjects performed physical exercise using a cycle ergometer, and six performed a 6-min walk test (6MWT) prior to vitamin administration and after 1-week oral administration of vitamin C (1000 mg/day) and vitamin E (300 IU/day). Venous blood samples were collected before and after exercise. Plasma vitamin C concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) contents were measured. Antioxidant supplementation increased vitamin C concentration by 34% (p<0.05), decreased SOD activity by 17% (p<0.05), increased GPx activity by 13% (p<0.05), and increased the GPx/SOD activity ratio by 37% (p<0.05). Protein carbonyl and TBARS contents were unaffected. Antioxidant vitamins effectively increase the plasma GPx/SOD activity ratio, but fail to reduce protein carbonyl levels induced by exercise.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Se is an antioxidant micronutrient and has been studied for its potential role in CVD prevention. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between Se and hypertension. DESIGN We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and OVID of studies on Se levels and hypertension or blood pressure published in English up to June 2011. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and the following information was gathered from each publication: study setting, participant demographics, exclusion criteria, intervention if applicable, medium of Se measure, mean level of Se, outcome definition, relationship between Se and the outcome variable, significance of this relationship, and covariates. In studies that also reported glutathione peroxidase levels, we extracted results on the relationship between glutathione peroxidase and hypertension. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included. Approximately half of the studies reported no significant relationship between Se and hypertension. Of the remaining studies, about half found that higher Se levels were associated with lower blood pressure and the other half found the opposite relationship. The studies varied greatly in terms of study population, study design and Se levels measured in participants. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present systematic review, there is no conclusive evidence supporting an association between Se and hypertension. Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies with sufficient sample size in populations with different Se levels are needed to fully investigate the relationship between Se and hypertension.
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Brito ADF, Oliveira CVCD, Toscano LT, Silva AS. Supplements and Foods with Potential Reduction of Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/581651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the dietary approaches for stop hypertension (DASH) is well established and effective in reduction of blood pressure, in recent years, new scientific studies have indicated that specific food, nutrients isolated from foods, and even commercial food supplements are not covered by DASH. In this research, these nutrients were evaluated through a review using the databases of PubMed with the terms “dietary supplements and blood pressure” without a limit of date. Vitamins (C, D, and E) and minerals (potassium and copper) promote the greatest reductions in BP, around 7 to 14 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 4 to 5 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (PAD). Antioxidants reduce SBP and DBP in 3 to 27 mmHg and 3 to 4 mmHg, respectively. Among the amino acids, only L-arginine was effective in promoting reduction of 20 and 15 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. In food, the grape juice promoted the highest reductions in SBP and DBP, around 8 mmHg and 6 mmHg, respectively. Finally, for commercial supplements, the fermented milk product GAIOR, the grain salba, and fish oil promoted reductions of about 4,4; 6; and 5 mmHg and 3,4; 3; and 1 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Therefore, new nutrients, foods, and supplements can enrich the recommendations of the DASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Freitas Brito
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Coutinho de Oliveira
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Research Laboratory for Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Federal University of Paraíba, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Instituição Federal University of Paraíba/Health Sciences Center Endereço: Campus I-Castelo Branco I, 58.051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Hernández-Ojeda J, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Román-Pintos LM, Troyo-Sanromán R, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Cárdenas-Meza MA, Pascoe-González S, Miranda-Díaz AG. The effect of ubiquinone in diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:352-8. [PMID: 22595020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic polyneuropathy aetiology is based on oxidative stress generation due to production of reactive oxygen species. Ubiquinone is reduced to ubiquinol and redistributed into lipoproteins, possibly to protect them from oxidation. AIMS To evaluate the impact of oral ubiquinone in diabetic polyneuropathy, and the role of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nerve growth factor (NGF-β). METHODS We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, patients were randomized to ubiquinone (400 mg) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Main outcomes were clinical scores, nerve conduction studies, LPO, NGF-β and safety. RESULTS Twenty four patients on experimental group and twenty five on control group met the inclusion criteria (mean age 56 years, 22% male and 78% female, mean evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus 10.7 years). Significant improvement on experimental vs control group was found in neuropathy symptoms score (from 2.5 ± 0.7 to 1 ± 0.8, p<0.001), neuropathy impairment score (5.5 ± 4 to 3.1 ± 2.6, p<0.001), sural sensory nerve amplitude (13.0 ± 6.1 to 15.8 ± 5.1 μV, p=0.049), peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (39.7 ± 5.0 to 47.8 ± 4.9 m/s, p=0.047), and ulnar motor nerve conduction velocity (48.8 ± 6.8 to 54.5 ± 6.1m/s, p=0.046). There was a significant reduction of LPO in subjects treated with ubiquinone vs placebo (16.7 ± 8.6 and 23.2 ± 15.8 nmol/mL, respectively) with p<0.05, and NGF-β did not change (control 66.5 ± 26.7 vs. experimental 66.8 ± 28.4 pg/mL, p=0.856). No drug-related adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks treatment with ubiquinone improves clinical outcomes and nerve conduction parameters of diabetic polyneuropathy; furthermore, it reduces oxidative stress without significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hernández-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and homocysteine) in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutrition 2012; 28:767-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Observational and experimental studies continue to support the association of infection and infection-stimulated inflammation with development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Microvesicles (MV) are heterogeneous populations of sealed membrane-derived vesicles shed into circulation by activated mammalian cells and/or pathogenic microbes that may represent an interface between bacterial/microbial infection and increased risk of CVD. This review evaluates how MV act to modulate and intersect immunological and inflammatory responses to infection with particular attention to progression of CVD. Although infection-related stimuli provoke release of MV from blood and vascular cells, MV express phosphatidylserine and other procoagulant factors on their surface, which initiate and amplify blood coagulation. In addition, MV mediate cell-cell adhesion, which may stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vascular cells, which in turn aggravate progression of CVD and propagate atherothrombosis. MV transfer membrane receptors, RNA and proteins among cells, and present auto-antigens from their cells of origin to proximal or remote target cells. Because MV harbor cell surface proteins and contain cytoplasmic components of the parent cell, they mediate biological messages and play a pivotal role in the crossroad between infection-stimulated inflammation and CVDs.
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Juraschek SP, Guallar E, Appel LJ, Miller ER. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1079-88. [PMID: 22492364 PMCID: PMC3325833 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.027995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In observational studies, increased vitamin C intake, vitamin C supplementation, and higher blood concentrations of vitamin C are associated with lower blood pressure (BP). However, evidence for blood pressure-lowering effects of vitamin C in clinical trials is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. DESIGN We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Central databases from 1966 to 2011. Prespecified inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) use of a randomized controlled trial design; 2) trial reported effects on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) or both; 3) trial used oral vitamin C and concurrent control groups; and 4) trial had a minimum duration of 2 wk. BP effects were pooled by random-effects models, with trials weighted by inverse variance. RESULTS Twenty-nine trials met eligibility criteria for the primary analysis. The median dose was 500 mg/d, the median duration was 8 wk, and trial sizes ranged from 10 to 120 participants. The pooled changes in SBP and DBP were -3.84 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.29, -2.38 mm Hg; P < 0.01) and -1.48 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.86, -0.10 mm Hg; P = 0.04), respectively. In trials in hypertensive participants, corresponding reductions in SBP and DBP were -4.85 mm Hg (P < 0.01) and -1.67 mm Hg (P = 0.17). After the inclusion of 9 trials with imputed BP effects, BP effects were attenuated but remained significant. CONCLUSIONS In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation reduced SBP and DBP. Long-term trials on the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and clinical events are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Juraschek
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Abstract
Intrinsic skin aging represents the biological clock of the skin cells per se and reflects the reduction processes that are common in internal organs. The reduced secretion of the pituitary, adrenal glands, and the gonads contributes to characteristic aging-associated body and skin phenotypes as well as behavior patterns. Our knowledge of whether there is a direct or indirect connection between hormonal deficiency and skin aging still remains limited. In females, serum levels of 17β-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, growth hormone (GH), and its downstream hormone insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are significantly decreased with increasing age. In males, serum levels of GH and IGF-I decrease significantly, whereas it can decrease in late age in a part of the population. Hormones have been shown to influence skin morphology and functions, skin permeability, wound healing, sebaceous lipogenesis, and the metabolism of skin cells. Prevention of skin aging by estrogen/progesterone replacement therapy is effective if administered early after menopause and influences intrinsically aged skin only. Vitamin D substitution and antioxidant treatment may also be beneficial. Replacement therapy with androgens, GH, IGF-I, progesterone, melatonin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones still remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.
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Erejuwa OO, Sulaiman SA, Ab Wahab MS. Honey: a novel antioxidant. Molecules 2012; 17:4400-23. [PMID: 22499188 PMCID: PMC6268297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease is on the rise. These diseases, which constitute the major causes of death globally, are associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an "imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage". Individuals with chronic diseases are more susceptible to oxidative stress and damage because they have elevated levels of oxidants and/or reduced antioxidants. This, therefore, necessitates supplementation with antioxidants so as to delay, prevent or remove oxidative damage. Honey is a natural substance with many medicinal effects such as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, reproductive, antihypertensive and antioxidant effects. This review presents findings that indicate honey may ameliorate oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, pancreas, kidney, reproductive organs and plasma/serum. Besides, the review highlights data that demonstrate the synergistic antioxidant effect of honey and antidiabetic drugs in the pancreas, kidney and serum of diabetic rats. These data suggest that honey, administered alone or in combination with conventional therapy, might be a novel antioxidant in the management of chronic diseases commonly associated with oxidative stress. In view of the fact that the majority of these data emanate from animal studies, there is an urgent need to investigate this antioxidant effect of honey in human subjects with chronic or degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo O Erejuwa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A. Memory improvements in elderly women following 16 weeks treatment with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement: A randomized controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:351-65. [PMID: 22006207 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is potential for multivitamin supplementation to improve cognition in the elderly. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effects of 16 weeks multivitamin supplementation (Swisse Women's 50+ Ultivite ®) on cognition in elderly women. METHODS Participants in this study were 56 community dwelling, elderly women, with subjective complaints of memory loss. Cognition was assessed using a computerized battery of memory and attention tasks designed to be sensitive to age-related declines to fluid intelligence, and a measure of verbal recall. Biochemical measures of selected nutrients, homocysteine, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood safety parameters were also collected. All cognitive and haematological parameters were assessed at baseline and 16 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS The multivitamin improved speed of response on a measure of spatial working memory, however benefits to other cognitive processes were not observed. Multivitamin supplementation decreased levels of homocysteine and increased levels of vitamin B(6) and B(12), with a trend for vitamin E to increase. There were no hepatotoxic effects of the multivitamin formula indicating this supplement was safe for everyday usage in the elderly. CONCLUSION Sixteen weeks ssupplementation with a combined multivitamin, mineral and herbal formula may benefit working memory in elderly women at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Macpherson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, NICM Collaborative Centre for Neurocognition, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Antioxidant supplementation and serum lipids in patients with Graves' disease: effect on LDL-cholesterol. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2012; 62:115-22. [PMID: 22472454 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-012-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of supplementation with a fixed combination of antioxidants (beta-carotene, selenium, vitamins C and E) on serum lipids was monitored in patients with newly detected Graves' disease. Measurements were made prior to the commencement of therapy and after 30 and 60 days. Patients were randomized into two groups. Test group comprised patients who received antioxidant supplementation in addition to methimazole, while patients treated with methimazole only were in the control group. The concentration of total and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in test and control groups (p < 0.05) but these groups did not differ significantly. Concentration of LDL-cholesterol increased significantly in the test group only (p < 0.005) and was significantly different from the control group 60 days after the commencement of therapy (p < 0.005). Significant increase in the LDL-cholesterol concentration in the test group requires further investigations.
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