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Wang J, Feng Y, Liu B, Xie W. Estrogen sulfotransferase and sulfatase in steroid homeostasis, metabolic disease, and cancer. Steroids 2024; 201:109335. [PMID: 37951289 PMCID: PMC10842091 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfation and desulfation of steroids are opposing processes that regulate the activation, metabolism, excretion, and storage of steroids, which account for steroid homeostasis. Steroid sulfation and desulfation are catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferase and steroid sulfatase, respectively. By modifying and regulating steroids, cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) and steroid sulfatase (STS) are also involved in the pathophysiology of steroid-related diseases, such as hormonal dysregulation, metabolic disease, and cancer. The estrogen sulfotransferase (EST, or SULT1E1) is a typical member of the steroid SULTs. This review is aimed to summarize the roles of SULT1E1 and STS in steroid homeostasis and steroid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Brian Liu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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2
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Iemitsu K, Fujie S, Uchida M, Inoue K, Shinohara Y, Iemitsu M. Dioscorea esculenta Intake with Resistance Training Improves Muscle Quantity and Quality in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112438. [PMID: 37299401 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and Dioscorea esculenta intake have a positive effect on muscle. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether 12-week Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with resistance exercise more effectively improves muscle quantity, quality, and cardiometabolic parameters in healthy middle-aged and older adults. This study is a double-blind trial with 66 volunteers (21 males/45 females; age 53 ± 5 years; body weight 61 ± 11 kg; BMI 24 ± 4 kg) who were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-control with placebo (Sed and PL) or Dioscorea (Sed and Dio) and resistance training with placebo (RT and PL) or Dioscorea (RT and Dio). Resistance training sessions using elastic bands were performed 3 days/week for a 12-week period. Dioscorea esculenta tablets were ingested at 2000 mg/day once per day. The RT and Dio group showed greater improvements in the femoris muscle's thickness, echo intensity for the rectus femoris (index of muscle quality), and the five times sit-to-stand test compared to that of the Sed and PL group; the echo intensity in the RT and Dio group further improved compared to those in the Sed and Dio, and RT and PL groups (p < 0.05). The circulating levels of C1q (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and Dio group were significantly lower than those in the Sed and PL, and Sed and Dio groups (p < 0.05). Chronic Dioscorea esculenta intake combined with low-intensity resistance exercise may more effectively improve muscle quantity and quality indices in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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3
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Minas A, Fernandes ACC, Maciel Júnior VL, Adami L, Intasqui P, Bertolla RP. Influence of physical activity on male fertility. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14433. [PMID: 35415898 DOI: 10.1111/and.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a worldwide issue impacting 15% of couples' population. Male-related infertility results in almost 50% of these cases. Considering lifestyle factors associated with infertility, here in this literature review article, we aimed to discuss training/sport effects on male-related infertility. Regarding this issue, human and animal model studies related to the subject were gathered and analysed. Exercise is well known as a general improving factor, however, excessive exercise can result in male infertility due to reduced hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPT) function, increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Consequently, these underlying impacts result in a low testosterone production, and reduced semen quality, and can lead to infertility. In contrast, it has been revealed that exercise can improve male fertility status in lifestyle-induced infertility condition such as obesity and diabetes. Indeed, exercise, by increasing testicular antioxidant defence, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines level and enhancing the steroidogenesis process, leads to improved spermatogenesis and semen quality in lifestyle-induced infertility. In fact, it seems that individual health status as well as exercise volume, intensity and duration are effective-involved co-factors that influence the impact that exercise will promote on male fertility. Regarding these findings, it is important to study exercise different impacts in further clinical trials in order to generate preservative guidelines for exercise and also considering exercise as a treatment option in lifestyle-induced disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valter Luiz Maciel Júnior
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Adami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Intasqui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Huang LT, Wang JH. The Therapeutic Intervention of Sex Steroid Hormones for Sarcopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:739251. [PMID: 34760899 PMCID: PMC8573092 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.739251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by the excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is associated with the overall poor muscle performance status of the elderly, and occurs more frequently in those with chronic diseases. The causes of sarcopenia are multifactorial due to the inherent relationship between muscles and molecular mechanisms, such as mitochondrial function, inflammatory pathways, and circulating hormones. Age-related changes in sex steroid hormone concentrations, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and their precursors and derivatives, are an important aspect of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. In this review, we provide an understanding of the treatment of sarcopenia through the regulation of sex steroid hormones. The potential benefits and future research emphasis of each sex steroid hormone therapeutic intervention (testosterone, SARMs, estrogen, SERMs, DHEA, and progesterone) for sarcopenia are discussed. Enhanced understanding of the role of sex steroid hormones in the treatment for sarcopenia could lead to the development of hormone therapeutic approaches in combination with specific exercise and nutrition regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Keller J, Zackowski K, Kim S, Chidobem I, Smith M, Farhadi F, Bhargava P. Exercise leads to metabolic changes associated with improved strength and fatigue in people with MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1308-1317. [PMID: 33955210 PMCID: PMC8164856 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention – progressive resistance training (PRT) on the metabolome of people with MS (pwMS) and to link these to changes in clinical outcomes. Methods 14 pwMS with EDSS <4.0 and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls completed a 12‐week in‐person PRT exercise intervention. Outcome measures included: plasma metabolomics analysis, cardiovascular fitness tests, EDSS, timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), six‐minute walk test (6MWT), hip strength, and modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS). We identified changes in the metabolome with PRT intervention in both groups using individual metabolite abundance and weighted correlation network defined metabolite module eigenvalues and then examined correlations in changes in metabolite modules with changes in various clinical outcomes. Results In both groups PRT intervention improved hip strength, distance walked in 6WMT, speed of walking, while fatigue (MFIS) was improved in pwMS. Fatty acid, phospholipid, and sex steroid metabolism were significantly altered by PRT in pwMS but not in controls. Changes in fatigue (MFIS score) were strongly inversely correlated and hip strength was moderately correlated with change in sex steroid metabolite module in pwMS. A similar relationship was noted between change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate abundance (sex steroid metabolite) and fatigue in pwMS. We also noted an inverse correlation between changes in fatty acid metabolism and cardiovascular fitness in pwMS. Interpretation PRT‐induced metabolic changes may underlie improved clinical parameters in pwMS and may warrant investigation as potential therapeutic targets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ikechukwu Chidobem
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Farzaneh Farhadi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Shimomura M, Horii N, Fujie S, Inoue K, Hasegawa N, Iemitsu K, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Decreased muscle-derived musclin by chronic resistance exercise is associated with improved insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14823. [PMID: 33955191 PMCID: PMC8100388 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic resistance exercise induces improved hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Musclin, a muscle‐derived secretory factor, is involved in the induction of insulin resistance via the downregulation of the glucose transporter‐4 (GLUT‐4) signaling pathway in skeletal muscles. However, whether musclin affects the mechanism of resistance exercise remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether decreased muscle‐derived musclin secretion in chronic resistance exercise is involved in the improvement of insulin resistance via the GLUT‐4 signaling pathway in rats with type 2 diabetes. Male, 20‐week‐old, Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type 2 diabetes model, were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary control (OLETF‐Con) and chronic resistance exercise (OLETF‐RT; climbing a ladder three times a week on alternate days for 8 weeks), whereas Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats were used as the nondiabetic sedentary control group. OLETF‐Con rats showed increased fasting glucose levels, decreased insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), muscle GLUT‐4 translocation, and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and concomitantly increased muscle musclin expression. In contrast, OLETF‐RT rats significantly reduced muscle musclin expression, improved hyperglycemia, and QUICKI through an accelerated muscle GLUT‐4/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, chronic resistance exercise‐induced reduction of muscle musclin was correlated with changes in fasting glucose, QUICKI, GLUT‐4 translocation, and Akt phosphorylation. These findings suggest that the reduction in muscle‐derived musclin production by chronic resistance exercise may be involved in improved insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Shimomura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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7
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Kiersztan A, Gaanga K, Witecka A, Jagielski AK. DHEA-pretreatment attenuates oxidative stress in kidney-cortex and liver of diabetic rabbits and delays development of the disease. Biochimie 2021; 185:135-145. [PMID: 33771656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of reported discrepancies concerning antioxidant activity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a widely used dietary supplement, the current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant properties of DHEA in both kidney-cortex and liver of alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rabbits, as this diabetogenic compound exhibits the ROS-dependent action. ALX was injected to animals following 7 days of DHEA administration. Four groups of rabbits were used in the experiments: control, DHEA-treated control, diabetic and DHEA-treated diabetic. Our results show for the first time, that in kidney-cortex DHEA resulted in normalization of hydroxyl free radicals (HFR) levels and restoration of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities to near the control values, while in liver DHEA prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and normalized glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities. Moreover, in both kidney-cortex and liver DHEA supplementation prevented GSSG elevation accompanied by a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. Although DHEA attenuated oxidative stress in both kidney-cortex and liver of ALX-induced diabetic rabbits and significantly delayed the onset of diabetes in time, it did not protect against the final development of diabetes. In conclusion, the current investigation underscores the complexity of the antioxidant action of DHEA. The data are of clinical interest since DHEA supplementation could prevent the deleterious effects of ROS and delay, or even prevent the onset of many diseases. However, in view of the reported pro-oxidant effects of high DHEA doses, the potential use of this agent as a supplement needs a careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiersztan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kongorzul Gaanga
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Huang K, Cai HL, Bao JP, Wu LD. Dehydroepiandrosterone and age-related musculoskeletal diseases: Connections and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101132. [PMID: 32711158 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders related to ageing are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly individuals worldwide. The typical constitutive components of the musculoskeletal system, including bone, muscle, and joints, gradually undergo a process of tissue loss and degeneration as a result of life-long mechanical and biological stress, ultimately leading to the onset of a series of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis (OP), sarcopenia, and osteoarthritis (OA). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of androgen secreted mainly by the adrenal gland, has attracted much attention as a marker for senescence due to its unique age-related changes. This pre-hormone has been publicly regarded as an "antidote for ageing" because of its favourable effect against a wide range of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular diseases, immunosenescence and skin senescence, though its effect on age-related musculoskeletal diseases has been explored to a lesser extent. In the present review, we summarized the action of DHEA against OP, sarcopenia and OA. Extensive detailed descriptions of the pathogenesis of each of these musculoskeletal disorders are beyond the scope of this review; instead, we aim to highlight the association of changes in DHEA with the processes of OP, sarcopenia and OA. A special focus will also be placed on the overlapping pathogeneses among these three diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of DHEA against these diseases are discussed or postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Li Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Peng Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Yokokawa T, Sato K, Narusawa R, Kido K, Mori R, Iwanaka N, Hayashi T, Hashimoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and suppresses lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:612-619. [PMID: 32505344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels to the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of exercise. While 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is inhibited by AMPK, is required for adipocyte differentiation and positively regulates lipid accumulation. DHEA treatment activates the AMPK pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Hence, DHEA addition to preadipocytes and adipocytes might activate AMPK and inhibit mTORC1, resulting in the inhibition of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA on the AMPK pathway, mTORC1 activity, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. DHEA suppressed lipid accumulation and adipogenic marker expression during differentiation. It also activated AMPK signaling in preadipocytes and adipocytes and suppressed mTORC1 activity during differentiation. These results suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway and inhibition of mTORC1 activity may mediate the anti-obesity effect of DHEA, providing novel molecular-level insights into its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Narusawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Risako Mori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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10
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Housing temperature influences exercise training adaptations in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1560. [PMID: 32214091 PMCID: PMC7096511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a powerful means to combat metabolic diseases. Mice are extensively used to investigate the benefits of exercise, but mild cold stress induced by ambient housing temperatures may confound translation to humans. Thermoneutral housing is a strategy to make mice more metabolically similar to humans but its effects on exercise adaptations are unknown. Here we show that thermoneutral housing blunts exercise-induced improvements in insulin action in muscle and adipose tissue and reduces the effects of training on energy expenditure, body composition, and muscle and adipose tissue protein expressions. Thus, many reported effects of exercise training in mice are likely secondary to metabolic stress of ambient housing temperature, making it challenging to translate to humans. We conclude that adaptations to exercise training in mice critically depend upon housing temperature. Our findings underscore housing temperature as a critical parameter in the design and interpretation of murine exercise training studies. Exercise has been shown to be an effective approach to ameliorate metabolic disease in mice housed at ambient temperatures, a condition of mild cold stress to mice. Here the authors show that molecular and metabolic adaptations to exercise are blunted when mice are housed in thermoneutral conditions.
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11
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Teixeira CJ, Veras K, de Oliveira Carvalho CR. Dehydroepiandrosterone on metabolism and the cardiovascular system in the postmenopausal period. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:39-57. [PMID: 31713639 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), mostly present as its sulfated ester (DHEA-S), is an anabolic hormone that naturally declines with age. Furthermore, it is the most abundant androgen and estrogen precursor in humans. Low plasma levels of DHEA have been strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this respect, DHEA could be regarded as a promising agent against metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women, since several age-related metabolic diseases are reported during aging. There are plenty of experimental evidences showing beneficial effects after DHEA therapy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as cardiovascular health. However, its potential as a therapeutic agent appears to attract controversy, due to the lack of effects on some symptoms related to MetS. In this review, we examine the available literature regarding the impact of DHEA therapy on adiposity, glucose metabolism, and the cardiovascular system in the postmenopausal period. Both clinical studies and in vitro and in vivo experimental models were selected, and where possible, the main cellular mechanisms involved in DHEA therapy were discussed. Schematic representation showing some of the general effects observed after administration DHEA therapy on target tissues of energy metabolism and the cardiovascular system. ↑ represents an increase, ↓ represents a decrease, - represents a worsening and ↔ represents no change after DHEA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 105 Alexander Fleming St, Campinas, SP, 13083-881, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Veras
- Department of Nutrition, University of Mogi das Cruzes, 200 Dr. Cândido X. A. Souza Ave., Sao Paulo, SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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12
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Raimundo Fernades ÉM, de Moura SS, Silva RO, Totou NL, Baleeiro RDS, de Oliveira EC, Coelho DB, Cardoso LM, Becker LK. Acute volume expansion decreased baroreflex response after swimming but not after running exercise training in hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:460-468. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1693588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samara Silva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Máximo Cardoso
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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13
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Sozen B, Ozekinci M, Erman M, Gunduz T, Demir N, Akouri R. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation attenuates ovarian ageing in a galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency rat model. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2181-2189. [PMID: 31422495 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost every female classic galactosemia patient develops primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). The unique pathophysiology of classic galactosemia, with a severely reduced follicle pool at an early age, requires a new therapeutic approach. This study evaluated the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on ovarian tissue in a galactose-induced POI rat model. METHODS Pregnant rats were fed with either a normal or a 35% galactose-containing diet from day 3 of conception continuing through weaning of the litters. Galactose-exposed female offspring were further divided into 5 groups on PND21. The first group received no application. Treatment groups were fed orally by gavage once daily with sesame oil (group 2), or DHEA at doses of 0.1 mg/kg (group 3), 1 mg/kg (group 4) or 10 mg/kg (group 5) until PND70. Fertility rates of mothers with galactosemia, body weights (BWs), and ovarian weights of the litters from PND21 to PND70 were recorded. Ovarian follicle count, immunohistochemistry for proliferation and apoptosis marker expressions and TUNEL for cell death assessment were performed in offspring ovaries. RESULTS Decreased fertility, ovarian/body weights were observed under galactosemic conditions, together with decreased follicle number and increased atresia. Improved postnatal development, primordial follicle recruitment and follicular growth were observed after DHEA treatment. After DHEA treatment, the expression of Ki67 protein was found to be increased; elevated expression of cleaved-caspase-3 under galactosemia was found to be reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that DHEA treatment may be a potentially useful clinical therapy to improve ovarian ageing in women with POI-induced by galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Sozen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Murat Ozekinci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. .,IVF Andrologia and Genetics Center, Antalya Memorial Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit St. Kepez, 07025, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Munire Erman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tonguc Gunduz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Private Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necdet Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Randa Akouri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goteburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Li X, Chen X, Wu X, Wang J, Liu Z, Sun Y, Shen X, Lei H. Rapid detection of adulteration of dehydroepiandrosterone in slimming products by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lateral flow immunochromatography. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1550057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinze Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Iemitsu K, Inoue K, Iemitsu M. Effect of combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic rats. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:45-50. [PMID: 30928787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorella is a type of unicellular green algae that contains various nutrients. Habitual exercise and chlorella treatment can improve insulin resistance in obese or diabetic animal models. However, the additive effects of combined chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training would produce greater effects on improving glycemic control in rats with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Twenty-wk-old male rats with type 2 diabetes (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF] rats) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control, aerobic exercise training (treadmill running for 1 h, 25m/min, 5 d/wk), chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal diet), or combination of aerobic exercise training and chlorella intake for 8 wk (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and total glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test and increased the insulin sensitivity index concomitant with muscle phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity, protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation levels. Furthermore, a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly further improved these effects compared with aerobic exercise training or chlorella intake alone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that chlorella intake combined with aerobic exercise training had more pronounced effects on the improvement of glycemic control via further activation of muscle PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Horii
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Hasegawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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16
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Takamura Y, Nomura M, Uchiyama A, Fujita S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:339-348. [PMID: 29225319 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance reduces insulin-induced muscle protein synthesis and accelerates muscle protein degradation. Ginseng ingestion has been reported to improve insulin resistance through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We hypothesized that panaxatriol (PT) derived from ginseng in combination with aerobic exercise (EX) may further promote protein synthesis and suppress protein degradation, and subsequently maintain muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance. KKAy insulin-resistant mice were divided into control, panaxatriol only (PT), exercise only (EX), and EX+PT groups. EX and EX+PT ran on the treadmill for 45 min at 15 m/min 5 d/wk for 6 wk. PT and EX+PT groups were fed a standard diet containing 0.2% PT for 6 wk. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) values was significantly improved after exercise for 6 wk. Moreover, EX+PT mice showed improved HOMA-R as compared to EX mice. p70S6K phosphorylation after a 4 h fast was significantly higher in EX than in the non-exercise control, and it was higher in EX+PT mice than in EX mice. Atrogin1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EX than in the non-exercise control, and was significantly lowered further by PT treatment. EX and EX+PT mice showed higher soleus muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus myofibers than control animals, with higher values noted for both parameters in EX+PT than in EX. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and PT ingestion may contribute to maintain skeletal muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takamura
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
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17
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Li LL, Wang D, Ge CY, Yu L, Zhao JL, Ma HT. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduced lipid droplet accumulation via inhibiting cell proliferation and improving mitochondrial function in primary chicken hepatocytes. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527919 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) possesses fat-reducing effect, while little information is available on whether DHEA regulates cell proliferation and mitochondrial function, which would, in turn, affect lipid droplet accumulation in the broiler. In the present study, the lipid droplet accumulation, cell proliferation, cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential were analysis in primary chicken hepatocytes after DHEA treated. The results showed that total area and counts of lipid droplets were significantly decreased in hepatocytes treated with DHEA. The cell viability was significantly increased, while cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in a dose dependent manner in primary chicken hepatocytes after DHEA treated. DHEA treatment significantly increased the cell population in S phase and decreased the population in G2/M in primary chicken hepatocytes. Meanwhile, the cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2) mRNA abundance were significantly decreased in hepatocytes after DHEA treated. No significant differences were observed in the number of mitochondria, while the mitochondrial membrane permeability and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were significantly increased in hepatocytes after DHEA treated. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that DHEA reduced lipid droplet accumulation by inhibiting hepatocytes proliferation and enhancing mitochondrial function in primary chicken hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li L, Ge C, Wang D, Yu L, Zhao J, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces accumulation of lipid droplets in primary chicken hepatocytes by biotransformation mediated via the cAMP/PKA-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:625-638. [PMID: 29571766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is commonly used as a nutritional supplement to control fat deposition, but the mechanism of this action is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that DHEA increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Elevated p-AMPK levels resulted in reduced expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I, ultimately leading to the reduction of lipid droplet accumulation in primary chicken hepatocytes. We found that DHEA activates the cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate/protein kinase A - extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (cAMP/PKA-ERK1/2) signaling pathway, which regulates the conversion of DHEA into testosterone and estradiol by increasing the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase protein expression. Importantly, the fat-reducing effects of DHEA are more closely associated with the conversion of DHEA into estradiol than with the action of DHEA itself as an active biomolecule, or to its alternative metabolite, testosterone. Taken together, our results indicate that DHEA is converted into active hormones through activation of the cAMP/PKA-ERK1/2 signaling pathway; the fat-reducing effects of DHEA are achieved through its conversion into estradiol, not testosterone, and not through direct action of DHEA itself, which led to the activation of the p-AMPK in primary chicken hepatocytes. These data provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the action of DHEA in preventing fat deposition, and suggest potential applications for DHEA treatment to control fat deposition or as an agent to treat disorders related to lipid metabolism in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Aoki K, Terauchi Y. Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:355-365. [PMID: 30029734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by an impaired capacity to secrete insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, has been reported to have beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and obesity in animal models. DHEA and DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) have been reported to increase not only insulin secretion of the pancreas but also insulin sensitivity of the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle. We investigated the effects of DHEA on glucose metabolism in animal models and reported decrease of liver gluconeogenesis. Recently, we reported the effect of DHEA on the liver and muscle by using insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1 and IRS2)-deficient mice. DHEA increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver of C57BL6 IRS1- and IRS2-deficient mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), which suggests that the increase in DHEA-induced Akt signaling is sufficient in the presence of IRS1 or IRS2. In addition, other studies have also reported the effect of DHEA on diabetes mellitus in the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell and its effect on obesity in animal models. A meta-analysis in elderly men and women has found that DHEA supplementation has no effects on blood glucose levels. However, DHEA supplementation to patients with type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, further studies are needed to provide greater insight into the effect of DHEA on diabetes and obesity in animal and human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Aoki
- Internal Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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20
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Song X, Shen Q, Fan L, Yu Q, Jia X, Sun Y, Bai W, Kang J. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induced activation of mTORC1 and inhibition of autophagy contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11905-11921. [PMID: 29552281 PMCID: PMC5844717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age and also an important metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR). Hyperandrogenism is a key feature of PCOS. However, whether hyperandrogenism can cause IR in PCOS remains largely unknown. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its regulated autophagy are closely associated with IR. In the present study, we investigated the role of mTORC1-autophagy pathway in skeletal muscle IR in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mouse model. DHEA-treated mice exhibited whole-body and skeletal muscle IR, along with the activated mTORC1, repressed autophagy, impaired mitochondria, and reduced plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle of the mice. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, treatment with high dose testosterone activated mTORC1, reduced autophagy, impaired mitochondria, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and induced IR. Inhibition of mTORC1 or induction of autophagy restored mitochondrial function, up-regulated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and increased insulin sensitivity. On the contrary, inhibition of autophagy exacerbated testosterone-induced impairment. Our findings suggest that the mTORC1-autophagy pathway might contribute to androgen excess-induced skeletal muscle IR in prepubertal female mice by impairing mitochondrial function and reducing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These data would help understanding the role of hyperandrogenism and the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle IR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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21
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The Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Skeletal Muscle. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE 2018; 108:205-221. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Chen YM, Lee HC, Chen MT, Huang CC, Chen WC. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation combined with Weight-Loading Whole-Body Vibration Training (WWBV) affects exercise performance and muscle glycogen storage in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:564-573. [PMID: 29725246 PMCID: PMC5930457 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adequate nutritional intake and an optimal training program are important elements of any strategy to preserve or increase muscle mass and strength during aging. Purpose: In the current study, we investigate the effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans and a precursor hormone, supplementation combined with a weight-loading whole-body vibration (WWBV) on exercise performance, physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in middle-aged 9 months old C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Male middle-aged C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group) and treated for 4 weeks with the following: 1) Sedentary control (SC) with vehicle 2) DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg) and 3) DHEA supplementation with WWBV training (DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g). Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and time to exhaustion, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels after a 15-min swimming exercise. Fatigue-related biochemical responses of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured following the swimming exercise. In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone levels were measured at the end of the experiment. Results: DHEA supplementation combined with WWBV training for 4 weeks significantly decreased the amount of white adipose tissue and increased the food and water intake. Additionally, WWBV+DHEA supplementation improved exercise performance, testosterone levels and glycogen contents of both liver and muscle. WWBV+DHEA supplementation also decreased serum lactate, ammonia and BUN levels, while increasing glucose levels following the 15-min swim test. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that combining the WWBV training program with DHEA supplementation could provide an anti-fatigue pharmacological effect for elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Health Technology Collage, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Hao-Chieh Lee
- Health Technology Collage, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- School of Liberal Education, Shih Chien University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
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23
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Kiersztan A, Trojan N, Tempes A, Nalepa P, Sitek J, Winiarska K, Usarek M. DHEA supplementation to dexamethasone-treated rabbits alleviates oxidative stress in kidney-cortex and attenuates albuminuria. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:17-26. [PMID: 28782595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study has shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administered to rabbits partially ameliorated several dexamethasone (dexP) effects on hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance and plasma lipid disorders. In the current investigation, we present the data on DHEA protective action against dexP-induced oxidative stress and albuminuria in rabbits. Four groups of adult male rabbits were used in the in vivo experiment: (1) control, (2) dexP-treated, (3) DHEA-treated and (4) both dexP- and DHEA-treated. Administration of dexP resulted in accelerated generation of renal hydroxyl free radicals (HFR) and malondialdehyde (MDA), accompanied by diminished superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and a dramatic rise in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Treatment with DHEA markedly reduced dexP-induced oxidative stress in kidney-cortex due to a decline in NADPH oxidase activity and enhancement of catalase activity. Moreover, DHEA effectively attenuated dexP-evoked albuminuria. Surprisingly, dexP-treated rabbits exhibited elevation of GSH/GSSG ratio, accompanied by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities as well as an increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity. Treatment with DHEA resulted in a decline in GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, accompanied by an elevation of GPx activity. Interestingly, rabbits treated with both dexP and DHEA remained the control values of GSH/GSSG ratio. As the co-administration of DHEA with dexP resulted in (i) reduction of oxidative stress in kidney-cortex, (ii) attenuation of albuminuria and (iii) normalization of glutathione redox state, DHEA might limit several undesirable renal side effects during chronic GC treatment of patients suffering from allergies, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Moreover, its supplementation might be particularly beneficial for the therapy of patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiersztan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Nina Trojan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Tempes
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Nalepa
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sitek
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Winiarska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Usarek
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ding X, Yu L, Ge C, Ma H. Protective effect of DHEA on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in primary rat Leydig cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16158-16169. [PMID: 28212544 PMCID: PMC5369954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement due to its putative anti-aging properties. However, the effect of DHEA in Leydig cells, a major target cell of DHEA biotransformation in male, are not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the preventative effect of DHEA on oxidative damage and apoptosis after H2O2 treatment in Leydig cells. The results showed that DHEA treatment attenuated the reduction of cell viability induced by H2O2. No differences were observed on the superoxide anion (O2-) content, while DHEA treatment decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radical (OH) content in H2O2-treated Leydig cells. Pre-treatment with DHEA increased peroxidase (POD) activity and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in H2O2-treated Leydig cell. DHEA treatment attenuated DNA damage as indicated by the decreasing of tail moment, comet length and olive tail moment. Total apoptosis ratio and early apoptosis ratio were significantly decreased in H2O2-treated Leydig cell that were pre-treatment with DHEA. DHEA treatment decreased Bax, capase-9 and capase-3 mRNA levels in H2O2-treated Leydig cells. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment with DHEA prevented the Leydig cells oxidative damage caused by H2O2 through increasing POD activity, which resulted in inhibition of OH generation. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with DHEA inhibited H2O2-induced Leydig cells early apoptosis which mainly by reducing the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspases-9, caspases-3 mRNA levels. This information is important to understand the molecular mechanism of anti-ageing effect and potential application in treatment of oxidative stress induced related diseases of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongyang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Gomes MFP, Borges ME, Rossi VDA, Moura EDOCD, Medeiros A. The Effect of Physical Resistance Training on Baroreflex Sensitivity of Hypertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:539-545. [PMID: 28562833 PMCID: PMC5489324 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Baroreceptors act as regulators of blood pressure (BP); however, its
sensitivity is impaired in hypertensive patients. Among the recommendations
for BP reduction, exercise training has become an important adjuvant therapy
in this population. However, there are many doubts about the effects of
resistance exercise training in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of resistance exercise training on BP and baroreceptor
sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Method: Rats SHR (n = 16) and Wistar (n = 16) at 8 weeks of age, at the beginning of
the experiment, were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (CS,
n = 8); trained control (CT, n = 8); sedentary SHR (HS, n = 8) and trained
SHR (HT, n = 8). Resistance exercise training was performed in a
stairmaster-type equipment (1.1 × 0.18 m, 2 cm between the steps, 80°
incline) with weights attached to their tails, (5 days/week, 8 weeks).
Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate (HR) was tested by
loading/unloading of baroreceptors with phenylephrine and sodium
nitroprusside. Results: Resistance exercise training increased the soleus muscle mass in SHR when
compared to HS (HS 0.027 ± 0.002 g/mm and HT 0.056 ± 0.003
g/mm). Resistance exercise training did not alter BP. On the other hand, in
relation to baroreflex sensitivity, bradycardic response was improved in the
TH group when compared to HS (HS -1.3 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg and HT -2.6
± 0.2 bpm/mmHg) although tachycardia response was not altered by
resistance exercise (CS -3.3 ± 0.2 bpm/mmHg, CT -3.3 ± 0.1
bpm/mmHg, HS -1.47 ± 0.06 bpm/mmHg and HT -1.6 ± 0.1
bpm/mmHg). Conclusion: Resistance exercise training was able to promote improvements on baroreflex
sensitivity of SHR rats, through the improvement of bradycardic response,
despite not having reduced BP.
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Garbacz WG, Jiang M, Xie W. Sex-Dependent Role of Estrogen Sulfotransferase and Steroid Sulfatase in Metabolic Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:455-469. [PMID: 29224107 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonation and desulfation are two opposing processes that represent an important layer of regulation of estrogenic activity via ligand supplies. Enzymatic activities of families of enzymes, known as sulfotransferases and sulfatases, lead to structural and functional changes of the steroids, thyroids, xenobiotics, and neurotransmitters. Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) and steroid sulfatase (STS) represent negative and positive regulation of the estrogen activity, respectively. This is because EST-mediated sulfation deactivates estrogens, whereas STS-mediated desulfation converts the inactive estrogen sulfates to active estrogens. In addition to the known functions of estrogens, EST and STS in reproductive processes, regulation of estrogens and other signal molecules especially at the local tissue levels has gained increased attention in the context of metabolic disease in recent years. EST expression is detectable in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in both obese women and men, and the expression of EST is markedly induced in the livers of rodent models of obesity and type 2 diabetes. STS was found to be upregulated in patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Interestingly, the tissue distribution and the transcriptional regulation of EST and STS exhibit obvious sex and species specificity. EST ablation produces completely opposite metabolic phenotype in female and male obese mice. Adipogenesis is also differentially regulated by EST in murine and human adipocytes. This chapter focuses on the recent progress in our understanding of the expression and regulation EST and STS in the context of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G Garbacz
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Increased Muscular 5α-Dihydrotestosterone in Response to Resistance Training Relates to Skeletal Muscle Mass and Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165689. [PMID: 27832095 PMCID: PMC5104401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular resistance exercise induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvement of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a sex steroid hormone precursor, increases 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis and is associated with improvements in fasting blood glucose level and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether increase in muscle DHT levels, induced by chronic resistance exercise, can contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and concomitant improvement of muscular glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. Male 20-week-old type 2 diabetic rats (OLETF) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary control, resistance training (3 times a week on alternate days for 8 weeks), or resistance training with continuous infusion of a 5α-reductase inhibitor (n = 8 each group). Age-matched, healthy nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 8) were used as controls. The results indicated that OLETF rats showed significant decrease in muscular DHEA, free testosterone, DHT levels, and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes, with loss of skeletal muscle mass and hyperglycemia, compared to that of LETO rats. However, 8-week resistance training in OLETF rats significantly increased the levels of muscle sex steroid hormones and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes with a concomitant increase in skeletal muscle mass, improved fasting glucose level, and insulin sensitivity index. Moreover, resistance training accelerated glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation and protein kinase B and C-ζ/λ phosphorylation. Administering the 5α-reductase inhibitor in resistance-trained OLETF rats resulted in suppression of the exercise-induced effects on skeletal muscle mass, fasting glucose level, insulin sensitivity index, and GLUT-4 signaling, with a decline in muscular DHT levels. These findings suggest that resistance training-induced elevation of muscular DHT levels may contribute to improvement of hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Li H, Ji C, Yang L, Zhuang C. Heritability of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels and pubertal development in 6∼18-year-old girls: a twin study. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:325-331. [PMID: 27658887 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1240232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), the most plentiful circulating adrenal hormone, may be considered as a marker of the onset of adrenarche and is involved in pubertal development and metabolic disorders. AIM The objective of this study is to determine the genetic and environmental influences on the variation of basal DHEAS levels and pubertal development in pubertal girls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred and sixty twin girls aged 6-18-years were enrolled, consisting of 132 monozygotic pairs and 48 dizygotic pairs. Anthropometric and sexual characteristics were examined. Serum DHEAS was measured by RIA. Estimates of genetic and environmental components of variance were based on the theory of normal maximum likelihood in Mx package. RESULTS Serum DHEAS concentrations of PH-II and PH-III were significantly higher than Tanner stage PH-I (p < .05) and maintained higher levels in PH-IV ∼ V. Heritability of serum DHEAS estimated by model-fitting on data from 180-pairs of twins is 0.61 (0.52-0.70), the rest of the variance in DHEAS levels could be explained by unique environmental influences and age. The heritabilities of DHEAS in two pubertal sub-groups (PH-I and PH-II-V) are 0.82 (0.71-0.90) and 0.63 (0.52-0.74), respectively. The heritability index of menarche, breast development and pube development are 0.71, 0.35 and 0.45, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum DHEAS concentrations of pubertal girls are mainly influenced by genetic factors, especially during the period of adrenarche. The results stress the importance of research into the genetic regulation of the endocrine regulators involved in adrenarche and related metabolic disorders in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Li
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Chengye Ji
- b Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- a School of Sport Science , Beijing Sport University , Beijing , PR China
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Kang J, Ge C, Yu L, Li L, Ma H. Long-Term Administration of Dehydroepiandrosterone Accelerates Glucose Catabolism via Activation of PI3K/Akt-PFK-2 Signaling Pathway in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159077. [PMID: 27410429 PMCID: PMC4943648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has a fat-reducing effect, while little information is available on whether DHEA regulates glucose metabolism, which would in turn affect fat deposition. To investigate the effects of DHEA on glucose metabolism, rats were administered a high-fat diet containing either 0 (HCG), 25 (HLG), 50 (HMG), or 100 (HHG) mg·kg-1 DHEA per day via gavage for 8 weeks. Results showed that long-term administration of DHEA inhibited body weight gain in rats on a high-fat diet. No statistical differences in serum glucose levels were observed, whereas hepatic glycogen content in HMG and HHG groups and muscle glycogen content in HLG and HMG groups were higher than those in HCG group. Glucokinase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase-2 activities in HMG and HHG groups, pyruvate kinase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in HMG group, and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in all DHEA treatment groups were increased compared with those in HCG group. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogen phosphorylase mRNA levels were decreased in HMG and HHG groups, whereas glycogen synthase-2 mRNA level was increased in HMG group compared with those in HCG. The abundance of Glut2 mRNA in HMG and HHG groups and Glut4 mRNA in HMG group was higher than that in HCG group. DHEA treatment increased serum leptin content in HMG and HHG groups compared with that in HCG group. Serum insulin content and insulin receptor mRNA level in HMG group and insulin receptor substrate-2 mRNA level in HMG and HHG group were increased compared with those in HCG group. Furthermore, Pi3k mRNA level in HMG and Akt mRNA level in HMG and HHG groups were significantly increased than those in HCG group. These data showed that DHEA treatment could enhance glycogen storage and accelerate glucose catabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet, and this effect may be associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt-PFK-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongyang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu L, Wang D, Li L, Ding X, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits cell proliferation and improves viability by regulating S phase and mitochondrial permeability in primary rat Leydig cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:705-14. [PMID: 27220727 PMCID: PMC4918596 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement and exhibits putative anti-aging properties. However, the molecular basis of the actions of DHEA, particularly on the biological characteristics of target cells, remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of DHEA on cell viability, cell proliferation, cell cycle and mitochondrial function in primary rat Leydig cells. Adult Leydig cells were purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and cell proliferation was detected using a Click-iT® EdU Assay kit and cell cycle assessment performed using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using JC-1 staining assay. The results of the current study demonstrate that DHEA decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it improved cell viability in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that DHEA treatment increased the S phase cell population and decreased the G2/M cell population. Cyclin A and CDK2 mRNA levels were decreased in primary rat Leydig cells following DHEA treatment. DHEA treatment decreased the transmembrane electrical gradient in primary Leydig cells, whereas treatment significantly increased succinate dehydrogenase activity. These results indicated that DHEA inhibits primary rat Leydig cell proliferation by decreasing cyclin mRNA level, whereas it improves cells viability by modulating the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and succinate dehydrogenase activity. These findings may demonstrate an important molecular mechanism by which DHEA activity is mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Dian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
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Alves VBF, Basso PJ, Nardini V, Silva A, Chica JEL, Cardoso CRDB. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) restrains intestinal inflammation by rendering leukocytes hyporesponsive and balancing colitogenic inflammatory responses. Immunobiology 2016; 221:934-43. [PMID: 27263829 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that plays an important role in the modulation of inflammatory responses. However, the precise mechanisms that link the actions of this androgen with protection or susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remain uknown. Here we showed that low dose DHEA inhibited proliferation of spleen cells and IFN-у production. The hormone was not toxic to myeloid lineage cells, although it caused necrosis of spleen cells at the intermediate and highest doses in vitro (50 and 100μM). The treatment of C57BL/6 mice with DHEA during colitis induction by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) led to a reduction in weight loss and clinical signs of disease. There were decreased peripheral blood monocytes on day 6 of DSS exposure and treatment, besides increase in circulating neutrophils in the tissue repair phase. DHEA also led to reduced lamina propria cellularity and restoration of normal colon length. These results were accompanied by decreased expression of IL-6 and TGF-β mRNA, while IL-13 was augmented in the colon on day 6, which was probably related to attenuation of inflammation. There was retention of CD4(+) cells in the spleen after use of DHEA, along with augmented frequency of CD4(+)IL-4(+) cells, decreased CD4(+)IFN-ɣ(+) in spleen and constrained CD4(+)IL-17(+) population in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Moreover, splenocytes of mice treated with DHEA became hyporesponsive, as observed by reduced proliferation after re-stimulation ex-vivo. In conclusion, DHEA modifyies leukocyte activity and balances the exacerbated immune responses which drive local and systemic damages in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Beatriz Freitas Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Aoki K, Tajima K, Taguri M, Terauchi Y. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on Akt and protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) phosphorylation in different tissues of C57BL6, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) male mice fed a high-fat diet. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:110-20. [PMID: 26976654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) suppresses the activity and mRNA expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and hepatic glucose production in db/db mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation levels of Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1 and IRS2 reportedly differ between the liver and muscle tissue and the effect of DHEA on insulin signaling has not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined DHEA's effect on the liver and muscle tissue of IRS1(-/-) and IRS2(-/-) mice. Eight-week-old male C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD containing 0.2% DHEA for 4 weeks. In a separate experiment, 8-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed an HFD or an HFD containing 0.2% androstenedione for 4 weeks. In an insulin tolerance test, DHEA administration decreased the initial plasma glucose levels in the C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice but did not decrease the ratios to the basal blood glucose level. Although DHEA administration increased Akt phosphorylation in the liver of the C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), and IRS2(-/-) mice, androstenedione administration did not increase Akt phosphorylation in the liver of C57BL6 mice. DHEA administration did not increase Akt and PKCζ phosphorylation in the muscle tissue of C57BL6, IRS1(-/-), or IRS2(-/-) mice. However, androstenedione administration increased Akt and PKCζ phosphorylation in the muscle tissue of C57BL6 mice. These findings suggest that the effect of DHEA on insulin action in the liver is self-mediated by DHEA or DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) in the presence of IRS1, IRS2, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Aoki
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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DHEA-induced modulation of renal gluconeogenesis, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile in the control- and dexamethasone-treated rabbits. Metabolic studies. Biochimie 2016; 121:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen WC, Chen YM, Huang CC, Tzeng YD. Dehydroepiandrosterone Supplementation Combined with Whole-Body Vibration Training Affects Testosterone Level and Body Composition in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:730-740. [PMID: 27766021 PMCID: PMC5069407 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the most abundant sex steroid, is primarily secreted by the adrenal gland and a precursor hormone used by athletes for performance enhancement. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a well-known light-resistance exercise by automatic adaptations to rapid and repeated oscillations from a vibrating platform, which is also a simple and convenient exercise for older adults. However, the potential effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on to body composition, exercise performance, and hormone regulation are currently unclear. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of DHEA supplementation combined with WBV training on body composition, exercise performance, and physical fatigue-related biochemical responses and testosterone content in young-adult C57BL/6 mice. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) for 6-weeks treatment: sedentary controls with vehicle (SC), DHEA supplementation (DHEA, 10.2 mg/kg), WBV training (WBV; 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g), and WBV training with DHEA supplementation (WBV+DHEA; WBV: 5.6 Hz, 2 mm, 0.13 g and DHEA: 10.2 mg/kg). Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as changes in body composition and anti-fatigue levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) after a 15-min swimming exercise. In addition, the biochemical parameters and the testosterone content were measured at the end of the experiment. Six-week DHEA supplementation alone significantly increased mice body weight (BW), muscle weight, testosterone level, and glycogen contents (liver and muscle) when compared with SC group. DHEA supplementation alone had no negative impact on all tissue and biochemical profiles, but could not improve exercise performance. However, WBV+DHEA supplementation also significantly decreased BW, testosterone level and glycogen content of liver, as well as serum lactate and ammonia levels after the 15-min swimming exercise when compared with DHEA supplementation alone. Although DHEA supplementation alone had no beneficial effect in the exercise performance of mice, the BW, testosterone level and glycogen content significantly increased. On the other hand, WBV training combined with DHEA decreased the BW gain, testosterone level and glycogen content caused by DHEA supplementation. Therefore, WBV training could inhibit DHEA supplementation to synthesis the testosterone level or may decrease the DHEA supplement absorptive capacity in young-adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan;; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan;; Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Dun Tzeng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 813 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yokokawa T, Sato K, Iwanaka N, Honda H, Higashida K, Iemitsu M, Hayashi T, Hashimoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates AMP kinase and regulates GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:42-7. [PMID: 25983323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and caloric restriction (CR) have been reported to have anti-ageing, anti-obesity, and health-promoting effects. Both interventions increase the level of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in muscle and blood, suggesting that DHEA might partially mediate these effects. In addition, it is thought that either 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mediates the beneficial effects of exercise and CR. However, the effects of DHEA on AMPK activity and PGC-1α expression remain unclear. Therefore, we explored whether DHEA in myotubes acts as an activator of AMPK and increases PGC-1α. DHEA exposure increased glucose uptake but not the phosphorylation levels of Akt and PKCζ/λ in C2C12 myotubes. In contrast, the phosphorylation levels of AMPK were elevated by DHEA exposure. Finally, we found that DHEA induced the expression of the genes PGC-1α and GLUT4. Our current results might reveal a previously unrecognized physiological role of DHEA; the activation of AMPK and the induction of PGC-1α by DHEA might mediate its anti-obesity and health-promoting effects in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Honda
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Kang J, Chen D, Han N, Ma H. Ample Evidence: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Conversion into Activated Steroid Hormones Occurs in Adrenal and Ovary in Female Rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124511. [PMID: 25962158 PMCID: PMC4427309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is important for human health, especially for women. All estrogens and practically half of androgens are synthesized from DHEA in peripheral tissues. However, the mechanism and exact target tissues of DHEA biotransformation in the female are not fully clear. The present study showed that maximal content of androstenedione (AD) and testosterone (T) were observed at 3h after DHEA administration in female rats, which was 264% and 8000% above the control, respectively. Estradiol (E2) content significantly increased at 6h after DHEA administration, which was 113% higher than that in control group. Gavage with DHEA could significantly reduce 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) mRNA level at 3-12h and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) mRNA level at 12h in ovary, while increasing aromatase mRNA levels at 6, 24, and 48h. It is interesting that administration of DHEA caused a significant increase of 17β-HSD, 3β-HSD and aromatase mRNA levels in adrenal. The AD and T contents also markedly increased by 537% and 2737% after DHEA administration in ovariectomised rats, in company with a significant increase in 17β-HSD and 3β-HSD mRNA levels and decreased aromatase mRNA level in adrenal. However, DHEA administration did not restore the decreased E2, estrone (E1), and progesterone (P) caused by the removal of the ovaries in females. These results clearly illustrated that exogenous DHEA is preferentially converted into androgens in adrenal, while its conversion to estrogens mainly happens in the ovary through steroidogenic enzyme in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Sato K, Iemitsu M. Exercise and sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:200-5. [PMID: 24704257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are secreted mainly by the ovary and testis and regulate diverse physiological processes in target tissues. Recent studies have shown that sex steroidogenesis-related mRNA and protein expressions, such as for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 3β-HSD, 5α-reductase and aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P450arom) enzymes, are detected in the skeletal muscle, while testosterone, estradiol, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were locally synthesized in skeletal muscle from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Moreover, in animal and human studies, the sex steroidogenesis enzymes and sex steroid hormone levels in skeletal muscle are upregulated by acute and chronic exercise stimulation. The enhanced muscle sex steroidgenesis is associated with glycemic control via upregulation of muscle glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) signaling in obese and diabetic rats and with muscle mass and strength in older men. Thus, an exercise-induced increase of sex steroid hormone in muscle may positively impact age-related concerns such as life-related diseases and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sato
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Serum sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related enzyme expression in skeletal muscle during experimental weight gain in men. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:439-44. [PMID: 24792219 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-circulating testosterone is associated with development of type 2 diabetes in obese men. In this study, we examined the effects of experimental overfeeding and weight gain on serum levels of sex hormones and skeletal muscle expression of steroidogenic enzymes in healthy men with (FH+) and without (FH-) a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Following a 3-day lead in energy balanced diet, FH+ (n = 9) and FH- men (n = 11) were overfed by 5200 kJ/day (45% fat) for 28 days. Body weight, fasting glucose, insulin, sex steroid, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) and body fat (DXA) were assessed in all individuals at baseline and day 28, and sex steroidogenesis-related enzyme expression in vastus lateralis biopsies was examined in a subset (n = 11). RESULTS Body weight, fat mass and fasting insulin levels were increased by overfeeding (P < 0.01) and insulin was increased significantly more in FH+ men (P<0.01). Serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were reduced with overfeeding (P < 0.05), and serum testosterone and DHT were reduced to a greater extent in FH+ men (P < 0.05). Overfeeding reduced mRNA expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17βHSD (P ≤ 0.007), independently of group. 5α-Reductase (SRD5A1) mRNA expression was not changed overall, but a time by group interaction was observed (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Overfeeding reduced SHBG and muscle expression of enzymes involved in the formation of testosterone in skeletal muscle. Men with a family history of T2DM were more susceptible to deleterious outcomes of overfeeding with greater reductions in serum testosterone and DHT and greater increases in markers of insulin resistance, which may contribute to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Chan CC, Liou CJ, Xu PY, Shen JJ, Kuo ML, Len WB, Chang LE, Huang WC. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in mouse. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:149-57. [PMID: 23891346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th2 cells are overexpressed in the skin and serum of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Previously, we found that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) decreased eosinophil infiltration in asthmatic mice through the suppression of Th2-associated cytokines. Therefore, we hypothesized that DHEA might improve the symptoms of AD syndrome. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the symptom improvement and anti-inflammatory response that result from the modulation of immunity by DHEA modulated in AD-like mice. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. On days 14-29 after sensitization, mice were treated with cutaneous (skin smear) or oral administration of DHEA. In addition, human keratinocyte (HaCat) cells were used to evaluate the effect of DHEA on the in vitro production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS Both cutaneous and oral DHEA were able to decrease ear swelling and skin inflammation in AD-like mice. DHEA also attenuated eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into ear and skin tissue. Additionally, Th2-associated cytokines were inhibited in splenocyte culture, and suppressed the levels of IgE and interleukin 4 in serum. Oral and cutaneous administration of DHEA reduced the inflammatory response, as evidenced by AD-like skin lesions, in a similar manner. DHEA significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways in tumor necrosis factor-α activated HaCat cells. CONCLUSION DHEA ameliorates AD-like mouse skin inflammation and reduces eosinophil and mast cell infiltration by reducing the production of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chi Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
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Hashimoto T, Sato K, Iemitsu M. Exercise-inducible factors to activate lipolysis in adipocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:260-7. [PMID: 23681914 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00427.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of exercise training on the levels of lipid droplet (LD)-associated and mitochondria-related proteins in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Furthermore, we assessed putative factors induced by exercise to activate lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DIO Wistar male rats (age 20 wk) were divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 7) and exercise training (EX, n = 7) groups. EX animals were subjected to treadmill running (25 m/min, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 6 wk. Epididymal fat was dissected and used for protein analyses. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with media containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium-lactate, caffeine, AICAR, or SNAP (NO donor) for 6 h, or 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min, followed by incubation with normal media for up to 24 h total. Protein expression levels and lipolytic activities were biochemically assayed. Epididymal fat significantly decreased in EX animals compared with SED animals. Levels of cytochrome c oxidase (COx), perilipin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) proteins in epididymal fat pads of EX animals were significantly increased compared with those in SED animals. In 3T3-L1 cells, glycerol or fatty acid release was significantly increased by all treatments. Lactate or SNAP significantly increased PGC-1α expression, and H2O2 significantly increased COx protein levels compared with controls. Expression of perilipin, HSL, ATGL, or comparative gene identification (CGI)-58 was significantly increased by all treatments. By increasing lipolytic activity in adipocytes, the exercise-inducible factors are attractive therapeutic effectors against LD-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
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