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Nosratabadi AR, Gustafsson M, Lovén K, Ljunggren SA, Olofsson U, Abbasi S, Blomqvist G, Karlsson H, Ljungman AG, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Gudmundsson A. Airway contraction and cytokine release in isolated rat lungs induced by wear particles from the road and tire interface and road vehicle brakes. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:309-323. [PMID: 38054445 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2289018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The dominant road traffic particle sources are wear particles from the road and tire interface, and from vehicle brake pads. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of road and brake wear particles on pulmonary function and biomarkers in isolated perfused rat lungs. Particles were sampled from the studded tire wear of three road pavements containing different rock materials in a road simulator; and from the wear of two brake pad materials using a pin-on-disk machine. Isolated rat lungs inhaled the coarse and fine fractions of the sampled particles resulting in an estimated total particle lung dose of 50 μg. The tidal volume (TV) was measured during the particle exposure and the following 50 min. Perfusate and BALF were analyzed for the cytokines TNF, CXCL1 and CCL3. The TV of lungs exposed to rock materials was significantly reduced after 25 min of exposure compared to the controls, for quartzite already after 4 min. The particles of the heavy-duty brake pads had no effect on the TV. Brake particles resulted in a significant elevation of CXCL1 in the perfusate. Brake particles showed significant elevations of all three measured cytokines, and quartzite showed a significant elevation of TNF in BALF. The study shows that the toxic effect on lungs exposed to airborne particles can be investigated using measurements of tidal volume. Furthermore, the study shows that the choice of rock material in road pavements has the potential to affect the toxicity of road wear PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Nosratabadi
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Lovén
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olofsson
- School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saeed Abbasi
- School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Blomqvist
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders G Ljungman
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Park S, Kim M, Park M, Jin Y, Lee SJ, Lee H. Specific upregulation of extracellular miR-6238 in particulate matter-induced acute lung injury and its immunomodulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130466. [PMID: 36455323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory response and the destruction of alveolar epithelium and endothelium. ALI/ARDS is caused by pathogens and toxic environmental stimuli, such as particulate matter (PM). However, the general symptoms of ALI/ARDS are similar, and determining the cause of lung injury is often challenging. In this study, we investigated whether there is a critical miRNA that characterizes PM-induced ALI. We found that the expression of miR-6238 is specifically upregulated in lung tissue and lung-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to PM exposure. Notably, bacterial endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide; LPS or peptidoglycan; PTG) does not induce the expression of miR-6238 in the lung. Instead, the expression of miR-155 is dramatically increased in LPS-induced ALI. We further demonstrated that human lung epithelial cells and macrophages predominantly produce miR-6238 and miR-155, respectively. Mechanistically, EV-miR-6238 is effectively internalized into alveolar macrophages (AMs) and regulates inflammatory responses in vivo. CXCL3 is a main target of miR-6238 in AMs and modulates neutrophil infiltration into the lung alveoli. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-6238 is a novel regulator of pulmonary inflammation and a putative biomarker that distinguishes PM-induced ALI from endotoxin (LPS/PTG)-mediated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, South Korea.
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3
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Verheyen VJ, Remy S, Govarts E, Colles A, Rodriguez Martin L, Koppen G, Voorspoels S, Bruckers L, Bijnens EM, Vos S, Morrens B, Coertjens D, De Decker A, Franken C, Den Hond E, Nelen V, Covaci A, Loots I, De Henauw S, Van Larebeke N, Teughels C, Nawrot TS, Schoeters G. Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites Are Associated with Biomarkers of Chronic Endocrine Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Adolescents: FLEHS-4 (2016-2020). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100245. [PMID: 34678941 PMCID: PMC8537433 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants of public health concern. Multiple biological mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to PAHs-associated adverse health effects. Little is known about the impact of PAHs on endocrine stress and inflammation in adolescence. We examined 393 Flemish adolescents (14-15 years) cross-sectionally, measured urinary concentrations of hydroxylated naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites, and calculated the sum of all measured metabolites. We determined hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as endocrine stress biomarker, leucocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood as inflammatory biomarkers, and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) concentration as oxidative stress biomarker. Exposure-response associations were analyzed by multiple regression, adjusted for a priori selected covariates. A doubling of 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was associated with a factor of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.24) increase in HCC and a factor of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13) increase in 8-oxodG. Doublings of 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene concentrations were associated with a factor of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.14) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) increase in 8-oxodG, respectively. Doubling of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene and of the sum of 2- and 3-hydroxyfluorene was associated with, respectively, a factor of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.14) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.13) increase in NLR. Our results indicate the glucocorticoid pathway as a potential target for PAH exposure in adolescents and suggest oxidative stress, endocrine stress, and inflammation in adolescence as underlying mechanisms and early markers for PAH-related adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle J. Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Ann Colles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Laura Rodriguez Martin
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- VITO GOAL, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Esmée M. Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.M.B.); (S.V.); (T.S.N.)
| | - Stijn Vos
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.M.B.); (S.V.); (T.S.N.)
| | - Bert Morrens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (D.C.); (I.L.)
| | - Dries Coertjens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (D.C.); (I.L.)
| | - Annelies De Decker
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.D.); (C.F.); (E.D.H.); (V.N.)
| | - Carmen Franken
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.D.); (C.F.); (E.D.H.); (V.N.)
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.D.); (C.F.); (E.D.H.); (V.N.)
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.D.D.); (C.F.); (E.D.H.); (V.N.)
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Ilse Loots
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.M.); (D.C.); (I.L.)
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Teughels
- Flemish Planning Bureau for the Environment and Spatial Development, Koning Albert II laan 20, bus 8, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.M.B.); (S.V.); (T.S.N.)
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.R.); (E.G.); (A.C.); (L.R.M.); (G.K.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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4
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Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2171-2187. [PMID: 31696218 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.
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5
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Nephew BC, Nemeth A, Hudda N, Beamer G, Mann P, Petitto J, Cali R, Febo M, Kulkarni P, Poirier G, King J, Durant JL, Brugge D. Traffic-related particulate matter affects behavior, inflammation, and neural integrity in a developmental rodent model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109242. [PMID: 32097814 PMCID: PMC7167358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with cognitive delay, depression, anxiety, autism, and neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of PM in the etiology of these outcomes is not well-understood. Therefore, there is a need for controlled animal studies to better elucidate the causes and mechanisms by which PM impacts these health outcomes. We assessed the effects of gestational and early life exposure to traffic-related PM on social- and anxiety-related behaviors, cognition, inflammatory markers, and neural integrity in juvenile male rats. Gestating and lactating rats were exposed to PM from a Boston (MA, USA) traffic tunnel for 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks (3 weeks gestation, 3 weeks lactation). The target exposure concentration for the fine fraction of nebulized PM, measured as PM2.5, was 200 μg/m3. To assess anxiety and cognitive function, F1 male juveniles underwent elevated platform, cricket predation, nest building, social behavior and marble burying tests at 32-60 days of age. Upon completion of behavioral testing, multiple cytokines and growth factors were measured in these animals and their brains were analyzed with diffusion tensor MRI to assess neural integrity. PM exposure had no effect on litter size or weight, or offspring growth; however, F1 litters developmentally exposed to PM exhibited significantly increased anxiety (p = 0.04), decreased cognition reflected in poorer nest-organization (p = 0.04), and decreased social play and allogrooming (p = 0.003). MRI analysis of ex vivo brains revealed decreased structural integrity of neural tissues in the anterior cingulate and hippocampus in F1 juveniles exposed to PM (p < 0.01, p = 0.03, respectively). F1 juvenile males exposed to PM also exhibited significantly decreased plasma levels of both IL-18 (p = 0.03) and VEGF (p = 0.04), and these changes were inversely correlated with anxiety-related behavior. Chronic exposure of rat dams and their offspring to traffic-related PM during gestation and lactation decreases social behavior, increases anxiety, impairs cognition, decreases levels of inflammatory and growth factors (which are correlated with behavioral changes), and disrupts neural integrity in the juvenile male offspring. Our findings add evidence that exposure to traffic-related air pollution during gestation and lactation is involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and other disorders which include social and cognitive deficits and/or increased anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Nephew
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 N. Lake Road, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Alexandra Nemeth
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Neelakshi Hudda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Phyllis Mann
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Jocelyn Petitto
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Ryan Cali
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 N. Lake Road, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Poirier
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 N. Lake Road, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Jean King
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 55 N. Lake Road, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civil Life, Tufts University, 10 Upper Campus Road, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 195 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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Liao BQ, Liu CB, Xie SJ, Liu Y, Deng YB, He SW, Fu XP, Fu BB, Wang YL, Chen MH, Lin YH, Li FP, Xie X, Hong XR, Wang HL. Effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on ovarian function and embryo quality in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105338. [PMID: 31841806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has an adverse effect on reproductive function, in particular causing reduced male reproductive function, but relatively few studies have directly targeted its effects on female reproduction. To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on female reproduction, we exposed female mice to PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation for 28 days, and evaluated apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes and the quality embryos after insemination. Our results showed increased numbers of apoptotic granulosa cells and oocytes after exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, which had adverse effects on female fertility via compromising embryo development and quality. We conclude that PM2.5 induced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes leading to disrupted embryo development and female fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qiong Liao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chao-Bin Liu
- The Fourth Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Shu-Juan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ya-Bin Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xian-Pei Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bin-Bin Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xi Xie
- The Fourth Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xin-Ru Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China.
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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7
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Gondalia R, Holliday KM, Baldassari A, Justice AE, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Engel SM, Jordahl KM, Bhatti P, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Pankow JS, Demerath EW, Guan W, Fornage M, Bressler J, North KE, Conneely KN, Li Y, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA. Leukocyte Traits and Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17004. [PMID: 31903802 PMCID: PMC7015624 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate PM-leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 165,675 ). METHODS We based the PM-leukocyte estimations on up to four study visits per participant, at which peripheral blood leukocytes and geocoded address-specific concentrations of PM ≤ 10 , ≤ 2.5 , and 2.5 - 10 μ m in diameter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 2.5 - 10 , respectively) were available. We multiply imputed missing data using chained equations and estimated PM-leukocyte count associations over daily to yearly PM exposure averaging periods using center-specific, linear, mixed, longitudinal models weighted for attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and geographic covariates. In a subset of participants with available data (n = 8,457 ), we also estimated PM-leukocyte proportion associations in compositional data analyses. RESULTS We found a 12 cells / μ L (95% confidence interval: - 9 , 33) higher leukocyte count, a 1.2% (0.6%, 1.8%) higher granulocyte proportion, and a - 1.1 % (- 1.9 % , - 0.3 % ) lower CD 8 + T-cell proportion per 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in 1-month mean PM 2.5 . However, shorter-duration PM 10 exposures were inversely and only modestly associated with leukocyte count. DISCUSSION The PM 2.5 -leukocyte estimates, albeit imprecise, suggest that among racially, ethnically, and environmentally diverse U.S. populations, sustained, ambient exposure to fine PM may induce subclinical, but epidemiologically important, inflammatory effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn M. Holliday
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Antoine Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristina M. Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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8
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Hargrove MM, McGee JK, Gibbs-Flournoy EA, Wood CE, Kim YH, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Source-apportioned coarse particulate matter exacerbates allergic airway responses in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:405-415. [PMID: 30516399 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coarse particulate matter (PM) is associated with lung inflammation and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms in sensitive populations, but the degree to which specific emission sources contribute to these effects is unclear. We examined whether coarse PM samples enriched with diverse sources differentially exacerbate allergic airway responses. Coarse PM was collected weekly (7/2009-6/2010) from urban (G.T. Craig [GTC]) and rural (Chippewa Lake Monitor [CLM]) sites in the Cleveland, Ohio area. Source apportionment results were used to pool GTC filter PM extracts into five samples dominated by traffic, coal, steel (two samples), or road salt sources. Five CLM samples were prepared from corresponding weeks. Control non-allergic and house dust mite (HDM)-allergic Balb/cJ mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg coarse GTC or CLM, control filter extract, or saline only, and responses were examined 2 d after PM exposures. In allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM road salt and all GTC samples except steel-1 significantly increased airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) compared with control treatments. In non-allergic mice, CLM traffic, CLM steel-2 and all GTC samples except coal significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils, while only CLM traffic PM increased eosinophils in allergic mice. In non-allergic mice, CLM coal PM increased BALF interleukin (IL)-13 and GTC steel-1 PM increased TNF-α levels. These results demonstrate that equal masses of GTC and CLM coarse PM enriched with a variety of sources exacerbate allergic airway disease. Greater PM concentrations at the urban GTC site signify a greater potential for human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McGee Hargrove
- a Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - John K McGee
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Charles E Wood
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- c National Research Council , Washington , DC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- b Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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9
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Liu J, Yang Y, Zeng X, Bo L, Jiang S, Du X, Xie Y, Jiang R, Zhao J, Song W. Investigation of selenium pretreatment in the attenuation of lung injury in rats induced by fine particulate matters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4008-4017. [PMID: 27921246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is vital for health because of its antioxidative and anti-inflammation functions. The aim of this study was to determine if dietary selenium could inhibit the rat lung injury induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated in seven groups (n = 8). The rats in PM2.5 exposure group were intratracheally instilled with 40 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) of PM2.5 suspension. The rats in Se prevention groups were pretreated with 17.5, 35, or 70 μg/kg b.w. of Se for 4 weeks, respectively. Then, the rats were exposed to 40 mg/kg b.w. of PM2.5 in the fifth week. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to count the neutrophil numbers and to analyze the cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)) related to inflammation, the markers related to oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and the indicators related to cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP)). The lung lobe that has not undergone bronchoalveolar lavage was processed for light microscopic examination. The results showed that the proportions of neutrophils in the BALF and the pathologic scores of the lung in PM2.5-exposed groups were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Se pretreatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, sICAM-1, LDH, TP, AKP, and MDA when compared with the PM2.5-only exposure group. Meanwhile, the dose-dependent increase in T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px activities were observed in rats pretreated with Se. In conclusion, Se pretreatment may protect rat lungs against inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5, which suggests that Se plays an important role as a kind of potential preventative agent to inhibit the PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuejiao Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Bo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongfang Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Weimin Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Box 249, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Pardo M, Shafer MM, Rudich A, Schauer JJ, Rudich Y. Single Exposure to near Roadway Particulate Matter Leads to Confined Inflammatory and Defense Responses: Possible Role of Metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8777-8785. [PMID: 26121492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of traffic-associated atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) is recognized as a significant health risk. In this study, we focused on a single ("subclinical response") exposure to water-soluble extracts from PM collected at a roadside site in a major European city to elucidate potential components that drive pulmonary inflammatory, oxidative, and defense mechanisms and their systemic impacts. Intratracheal instillation (IT) of the aqueous extracts induced a 24 h inflammatory response characterized by increased broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), increased reactive oxygen species production, but insignificant lipids and proteins oxidation adducts in mouse lungs. This local response was largely self-resolved by 48 h, suggesting that it could represent a subclinical response to everyday-level exposure. Removal of soluble metals by chelation markedly diminished the pulmonary PM-mediated response. An artificial metal solution (MS) recapitulated the PM extract response. The self-resolving nature of the response is associated with activating defense mechanisms (increased levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase expression), observed with both PM extract and MS. In conclusion, metals present in PM collected near roadways are largely responsible for the observed transient local pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Simultaneous activation of the antioxidant defense response may protect against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- †Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Martin M Shafer
- ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Assaf Rudich
- §Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - James J Schauer
- ‡Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- †Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Wang G, Zhao J, Jiang R, Song W. Rat lung response to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:343-356. [PMID: 24136897 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to different ambient pollutants maybe more toxic to lung than exposure to a single pollutant. In this study, we discussed the inflammation and oxidative stress responses of rat lung caused by ozone and PM2.5 versus that of rats exposed to saline, ozone, or single PM2.5 . Wistar rats inhaled 0.8 ppm ozone or air for 4 h and then placed in air for 3 h following intratracheal instillation with 0, 0.2 (low dose), 0.8 (medium dose), 3.2 (high dose) mg/rat PM2.5 dissolved in sterile saline (0.25 mL/rat), repeated twice per week for 3 weeks, the cumulative doses of PM2.5 in animals were 1.2, 4.8, and 19.2 mg. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last (sixth) exposure. The collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for inflammatory cells and cytokines. Lung tissues were processed for light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations. Results showed that total cell number in BALF of PM2.5 -exposed groups were higher than control (p < 0.05). PM2.5 instillation caused dose-trend increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, and total protein of BALF. Exposure to ozone alone only caused TNF-α significant change in above-mentioned indicators of lung injury. On the other hand, ozone could enhance PM2.5-induced inflammatory changes and pathological characters in rat lungs. SOD and GSH-Px activities in lung were reduced in PM2.5-exposed rats with and without prior ozone exposure compared to control. To determine whether the PM2.5 and ozone affect endothelium system, iNOS, eNOS, and ICAM-1 mRNA levels in lung were analyzed by real-time PCR. These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress were involved in toxicology mechanisms of PM2.5 in rat lung and ozone potentiated these effects induced by PM2.5. These results have implications for understanding the pulmonary effects induced by ozone and PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghe Wang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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12
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Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Klingberg H, Jensen DM, Christophersen DV, Hemmingsen JG, Cao Y, Loft S. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:133-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Kim YH, Tong H, Daniels M, Boykin E, Krantz QT, McGee J, Hays M, Kovalcik K, Dye JA, Gilmour MI. Cardiopulmonary toxicity of peat wildfire particulate matter and the predictive utility of precision cut lung slices. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:29. [PMID: 24934158 PMCID: PMC4072480 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emissions from a large peat fire in North Carolina in 2008 were associated with increased hospital admissions for asthma and the rate of heart failure in the exposed population. Peat fires often produce larger amounts of smoke and last longer than forest fires, however few studies have reported on their toxicity. Moreover, reliable alternatives to traditional animal toxicity testing are needed to reduce the number of animals required for hazard identification and risk assessments. Methods Size-fractionated particulate matter (PM; ultrafine, fine, and coarse) were obtained from the peat fire while smoldering (ENCF-1) or when nearly extinguished (ENCF-4). Extracted samples were analyzed for chemical constituents and endotoxin content. Female CD-1 mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 100 μg/mouse, and assessed for relative changes in lung and systemic markers of injury and inflammation. At 24 h post-exposure, hearts were removed for ex vivo functional assessments and ischemic challenge. Lastly, 8 mm diameter lung slices from CD-1 mice were exposed (11 μg) ± co-treatment of PM with polymyxin B (PMB), an endotoxin-binding compound. Results On an equi-mass basis, coarse ENCF-1 PM had the highest endotoxin content and elicited the greatest pro-inflammatory responses in the mice including: increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-2), neutrophils and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Exposure to fine or ultrafine particles from either period failed to elicit significant lung or systemic effects. In contrast, mice exposed to ENCF-1 ultrafine PM developed significantly decreased cardiac function and greater post-ischemia-associated myocardial infarction. Finally, similar exposures to mouse lung slices induced comparable patterns of cytokine production; and these responses were significantly attenuated by PMB. Conclusions The findings suggest that exposure to coarse PM collected during a peat fire causes greater lung inflammation in association with endotoxin and ROS, whereas the ultrafine PM preferentially affected cardiac responses. In addition, lung tissue slices were shown to be a predictive, alternative assay to assess pro-inflammatory effects of PM of differing size and composition. Importantly, these toxicological findings were consistent with the cardiopulmonary health effects noted in epidemiologic reports from exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U,S, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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14
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Happo MS, Uski O, Jalava PI, Kelz J, Brunner T, Hakulinen P, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Kosma VM, Jokiniemi J, Obernberger I, Hirvonen MR. Pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage in the mouse lung after exposure to PM samples from biomass heating appliances of old and modern technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:256-266. [PMID: 23201646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Current levels of ambient air fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) are associated with mortality and morbidity in urban populations worldwide. In residential areas wood combustion is one of the main sources of PM(2.5) emissions, especially during wintertime. However, the adverse health effects of particulate emissions from the modern heating appliances and fuels are poorly known. In this study, health related toxicological properties of PM(1) emissions from five modern and two old technology appliances were examined. The PM(1) samples were collected by using a Dekati® Gravimetric Impactor (DGI). The collected samples were weighed and extracted with methanol for chemical and toxicological analyses. Healthy C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally exposed to a single dose of 1, 3, 10 or 15 mg/kg of the particulate samples for 4, 18 or 24h. Thereafter, the lungs were lavaged and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assayed for indicators of inflammation, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Lungs of 24h exposed mice were collected for inspection of pulmonary tissue damage. There were substantial differences in the combustion qualities of old and modern technology appliances. Modern technology appliances had the lowest PM(1) (mg/MJ) emissions, but they induced the highest inflammatory, cytotoxic and genotoxic activities. In contrast, old technology appliances had clearly the highest PM(1) (mg/MJ) emissions, but their effect in the mouse lungs were the lowest. Increased inflammatory activity was associated with ash related components of the emissions, whereas high PAH concentrations were correlating with the smallest detected responses, possibly due to their immunosuppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko S Happo
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland.
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15
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Vesterdal LK, Jantzen K, Sheykhzade M, Roursgaard M, Folkmann JK, Loft S, Møller P. Pulmonary exposure to particles from diesel exhaust, urban dust or single-walled carbon nanotubes and oxidatively damaged DNA and vascular function in apoE(-/-) mice. Nanotoxicology 2012; 8:61-71. [PMID: 23148895 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.750385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the oxidative stress level and vasomotor dysfunction after exposure to urban dust, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DEP and SWCNT increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured endothelial cells and acellullarly, whereas the exposure to urban dust did not generate ROS. The apoE(-/-) mice, which were exposed twice to 0.5 mg/kg of the particles by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, had unaltered acetylcholine-elicited vasorelaxation in aorta segments. There was unaltered pulmonary expression level of Vcam-1, Icam-1, Hmox-1 and Ogg1. The levels of oxidatively damaged DNA were unchanged in lung tissue. The exposure to SWCNT significantly increased the expression of Ccl-2 in the lung tissue of the mice. The exposure to DEP and SWCNT was associated with elevated ROS production in cultured cells, whereas i.t. instillation of the same particles had no effect on biomarkers of pulmonary oxidative stress and dilatory dysfunction in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise K Vesterdal
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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16
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Aueviriyavit S, Phummiratch D, Kulthong K, Maniratanachote R. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-mediated in vitro cytotoxicity does not induce Hsp70 and Grp78 expression in human bronchial epithelial A549 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:123-32. [PMID: 22528773 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2)NPs) are increasingly being used in various industrial applications including the production of paper, plastics, cosmetics and paints. With the increasing number of nano-related products, the concern of governments and the general public about the health and environmental risks, especially with regard to occupational and other environmental exposure, are gradually increasing. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the actual affects upon human health and the environment, as well as a lack of suitable biomarkers for assessing TiO(2)NP-induced cytotoxicity. Since the respiratory tract is likely to be the main exposure route of industrial workers to TiO(2)NPs, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the anatase and rutile crystalline forms of TiO(2)NPs in A549 cells, a human alveolar type II-like epithelial cell line. In addition, we evaluated the transcript and protein expression levels of two heat shock protein (HSP) members, Grp78 and Hsp70, to ascertain their suitability as biomarkers of TiO(2)NP-induced toxicity in the respiratory system. Ultrastructural observations confirmed the presence of TiO(2)NPs inside cells. In vitro exposure of A549 cells to the anatase or rutile forms of TiO(2)NPs led to cell death and induced intracellular ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by the MTS and dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assays, respectively. In contrast, the transcript and protein expression levels of Hsp70 and Grp78 did not change within the same TiO(2)NPs dose range (25-500 μg/ml). Thus, whilst TiO(2)NPs can cause cytotoxicity in A549 cells, and thus potentially in respiratory cells, Hsp70 and Grp78 are not suitable biomarkers for evaluating the acute toxicological effects of TiO(2)NPs in the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Bos I, De Boever P, Int Panis L, Sarre S, Meeusen R. Negative effects of ultrafine particle exposure during forced exercise on the expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the hippocampus of rats. Neuroscience 2012; 223:131-9. [PMID: 22867973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise improves cognitive function, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plays a key role in this process. We recently reported that particulate matter (PM) exposure negatively contributed to the exercise-induced increase in human serum BDNF concentration. Furthermore, PM exposure is associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) during a single bout of forced exercise on the expression of inflammatory (IL1α, IL1β, TNF, IL6, NOS2, NOS3) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2)-related genes, as well as BDNF in the brain of rats. Four groups (n=6/group) of Wistar rats were exposed for 90 min to one of the following exposure regimes: UFP+exercise, UFP+rest, ambient air+exercise, ambient air+rest (control). Hippocampus, olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex were collected 24h after exposure. Gene expression changes were analyzed with real-time PCR. In the condition ambient air+exercise, hippocampal expression of BDNF and NFE2L2 was up-regulated, while the expression of IL1α and NOS3 in the prefrontal cortex and IL1α in the olfactory bulb was down-regulated compared to the control. In contrast, gene expression in the condition UFP+exercise did not differ from the control. In the condition UFP+rest, hippocampal expression of NFE2L2 was down-regulated and there was a trend toward down-regulation of BDNF expression compared to the control. This study shows a negative effect of UFP exposure on the exercise-induced up-regulation of BDNF gene expression in the hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bos
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
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18
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Guo L, Zhu N, Guo Z, Li GK, Chen C, Sang N, Yao QC. Particulate matter (PM10) exposure induces endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in rat brain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:28-37. [PMID: 22365138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that particulate matter (PM(10)) inhalation was associated with adverse effects on brain-related health, however, existing experimental data lacked relevant evidences. In this study, we treated Wistar rats with PM(10) at different concentrations (0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg body weight (bw)), and investigated endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the brain. The results indicate that mild pathological abnormal occurred after 15-day exposure (five times with 3 days each), followed by the changes of endothelial mediators (ET-1 and eNOS) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS and ICAM-1). Also, the sample up-regulated bax/bcl-2 ratio and p53 expression, and induced neuronal apoptosis. It implicates that PM(10) exerted injuries to mammals' brain, and the mechanisms might be involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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19
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Direct and indirect effects of particulate matter on the cardiovascular system. Toxicol Lett 2011; 208:293-9. [PMID: 22119171 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) elicits a variety of responses on the cardiovascular system through both direct and indirect pathways. Indirect effects of PM on the cardiovascular system are mediated through the autonomic nervous system, which controls heart rate variability, and inflammatory responses, which augment acute cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Recent research demonstrates that PM also affects the cardiovascular system directly by entry into the systemic circulation. This process causes myocardial dysfunction through mechanisms of reactive oxygen species production, calcium ion interference, and vascular dysfunction. In this review, we will present key evidence in both the direct and indirect pathways, suggest clinical applications of the current literature, and recommend directions for future research.
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Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Totlandsdal AI, Kilinç E, Boere AJF, Fokkens PHB, Leseman DLAC, Sioutas C, Schwarze PE, Spronk HM, Hadoke PWF, Miller MR, Cassee FR. Pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate matter: 4-week exposure of rats to roadside and diesel engine exhaust particles. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 22:1162-73. [PMID: 21126152 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2010.531062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) may play an important role in the development of adverse health effects, as documented extensively in acute toxicity studies. However, rather little is known about the impacts of prolonged exposure to PM. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to PM from traffic adversely affects the pulmonary and cardiovascular system through exacerbation of an inflammatory response. To examine this hypothesis, Fisher F344 rats, with a mild pulmonary inflammation at the onset of exposure, were exposed for 4 weeks, 5 days/week for 6 h a day to: (a) diluted diesel engine exhaust (PM(DEE)), or: (b) near roadside PM (PM(2.5)). Ultrafine particulates, which are largely present in diesel soot, may enter the systemic circulation and directly or indirectly trigger cardiovascular effects. Hence, we assessed the effects of traffic-related PM on pulmonary inflammation and activity of procoagulants, vascular function in arteries, and cytokine levels in the heart 24 h after termination of the exposures. No major adverse health effects of prolonged exposure to traffic-related PM were detected. However, some systemic effects due to PM(DEE) exposure occurred including decreased numbers of white blood cells and reduced von Willebrand factor protein in the circulation. In addition, lung tissue factor activity is reduced in conjunction with reduced lung tissue thrombin generation. To what extent these alterations contribute to thrombotic effects and vascular diseases remains to be established. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to traffic-related PM in healthy animals may not be detrimental due to various biological adaptive response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Gerlofs-Nijland
- Environment and Safety Division, Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Farina F, Sancini G, Mantecca P, Gallinotti D, Camatini M, Palestini P. The acute toxic effects of particulate matter in mouse lung are related to size and season of collection. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Halatek T, Stepnik M, Stetkiewicz J, Krajnow A, Kur B, Szymczak W, Rydzynski K, Dybing E, Cassee FR. The inflammatory response in lungs of rats exposed on the airborne particles collected during different seasons in four European cities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2011; 46:1469-1481. [PMID: 21961642 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2011.609064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported associations of ambient particulate air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) less than 10 μm with exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In an in vivo model, we have tested the toxicity of urban airborne particles collected during spring, summer, and winter seasons in four cities (Amsterdam, Lodz, Oslo, and Rome) spread across Europe. The seasonal differences in inflammatory responses were striking, and almost all the study parameters were affected by PM. Coarse fractions of the urban particle samples were less potent per unit mass than the fine fractions in increasing cytokine [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] levels and in reducing Clara-cell secretory protein (CC16) levels. This study shows that PM collected at 4 contrasting sites across Europe and during different seasons have differences in toxic potency. These differences were even more prominent between the fine and coarse fractions of the PM.
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Upadhyay S, Ganguly K, Stoeger T, Semmler-Bhenke M, Takenaka S, Kreyling WG, Pitz M, Reitmeir P, Peters A, Eickelberg O, Wichmann HE, Schulz H. Cardiovascular and inflammatory effects of intratracheally instilled ambient dust from Augsburg, Germany, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:27. [PMID: 20920269 PMCID: PMC2956709 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Several epidemiological studies associated exposure to increased levels of particulate matter in Augsburg, Germany with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. To elucidate the mechanisms of cardiovascular impairments we investigated the cardiopulmonary responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a model for human cardiovascular diseases, following intratracheal instillation of dust samples from Augsburg. Methods 250 μg, 500 μg and 1000 μg of fine ambient particles (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, PM2.5-AB) collected from an urban background site in Augsburg during September and October 2006 (PM2.5 18.2 μg/m3, 10,802 particles/cm3) were instilled in 12 months old SHRs to assess the inflammatory response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, lung and heart tissues 1 and 3 days post instillation. Radio-telemetric analysis was performed to investigate the cardiovascular responses following instillation of particles at the highest dosage based on the inflammatory response observed. Results Exposure to 1000 μg of PM2.5-AB was associated with a delayed increase in delta mean blood pressure (ΔmBP) during 2nd-4th day after instillation (10.0 ± 4.0 vs. -3.9 ± 2.6 mmHg) and reduced heart rate (HR) on the 3rd day post instillation (325.1 ± 8.8 vs. 348.9 ± 12.5 bpm). BALF cell differential and inflammatory markers (osteopontin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) from pulmonary and systemic level were significantly induced, mostly in a dose-dependent way. Protein analysis of various markers indicate that PM2.5-AB instillation results in an activation of endothelin system (endothelin1), renin-angiotensin system (angiotensin converting enzyme) and also coagulation system (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in pulmonary and cardiac tissues during the same time period when alternation in ΔmBP and HR have been detected. Conclusions Our data suggests that high concentrations of PM2.5-AB exposure triggers low grade PM mediated inflammatory effects in the lungs but disturbs vascular homeostasis in pulmonary tissues and on a systemic level by affecting the renin angiotensin system, the endothelin system and the coagulation cascade. These findings are indicative for promotion of endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic lesions, and thrombogeneis and, thus, provide plausible evidence that susceptible-predisposed individuals may develop acute cardiac events like myocardial infarction when repeatedly exposed to high pollution episodes as observed in epidemiological studies in Augsburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Upadhyay
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
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Song W, Zhang J, Zhang J. Acute Toxicity of Different Sized ZnO Nanoparticles in Mice after Intratracheal Administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Palko HA, Fung JY, Louie AY. Positron emission tomography: A novel technique for investigating the biodistribution and transport of nanoparticles. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:657-88. [DOI: 10.3109/08958371003713745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhao J, Xie Y, Qian X, Jiang R, Song W. Acute effects of fine particles on cardiovascular system: Differences between the spontaneously hypertensive rats and wistar kyoto rats. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Happo MS, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Dormans JAMA, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Cassee FR, Kosma VM, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Hirvonen MR. Inflammation and tissue damage in mouse lung by single and repeated dosing of urban air coarse and fine particles collected from six European cities. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:402-16. [DOI: 10.3109/08958370903527908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Rummelhard M, Boere AJF, Leseman DLAC, Duffin R, Schins RPF, Borm PJA, Sillanpää M, Salonen RO, Cassee FR. Particle induced toxicity in relation to transition metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4729-36. [PMID: 19673258 DOI: 10.1021/es803176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is statistically significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate in vivo pulmonary and systemic cytotoxicity and inflammatory activity in compromised animals exposed to PM and (b) to investigate the relationships of the outcomes to the chemical compositions of particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and transition metals in the PM. The PM samples were collected in European cities representing contrasting situations. Exposure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (7 mg of PM/kg) resulted in pulmonary inflammation, cellular toxicity and the induction of blood fibrinogen. Coarse PM generally caused stronger effects per mg than fine particles. Positive correlations between lactate dehydrogenase, proteins, and some inflammation parameters and the particle metal and PAH content were found. PM rich in PAH also led to increased blood fibrinogen. Removal of particles but not the organics (i.e., PAH) of a sample led to reduced inflammation in the lungs. The present study highlights the importance of metals as well as PM-bound PAH in particle biological outcomes. It supports the hypothesis that, on an equal mass basis, particle health effects differ due to differences in compositions and size.
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Mantecca P, Sancini G, Moschini E, Farina F, Gualtieri M, Rohr A, Miserocchi G, Palestini P, Camatini M. Lung toxicity induced by intratracheal instillation of size-fractionated tire particles. Toxicol Lett 2009; 189:206-14. [PMID: 19501637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tire particles (TP) represent a significant component of urban air pollution (PM), constituting more than 10% of PM10 mass at urban locations with heavy traffic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of size-fractionated TP in an animal exposure model frequently used to assess the health effects of air pollutants. Potential pro-inflammatory and toxic effects of TP2.5 (<2.5 microm) and TP10 (<10 microm) were investigated through instillation of suspensions of these materials in BALB/c mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was screened for total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and beta-glucuronidase (B-Gluc) as markers of cytotoxicity; glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as markers of oxidative potential; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and inflammatory cells as markers of inflammation. Concomitantly, histological analysis of TP-exposed lungs was performed. A single intratracheal instillation of 10 microg/100 microl, 100 microg/100 microl or 200 microg/100 microl was performed, and after 24h mice were euthanized and BALF examined. Inflammatory cellular profiles showed dose-dependent responses after TP10 exposure, while strong cytotoxic effects, including increases in total protein, LDH and AP, were observed to be associated to TP2.5 exposure. Histologically, TP10-treated lungs mainly showed inflammatory tissue infiltration, in contrast to TP2.5-treated lungs, where lysis of the alveolar barrier appeared to be the most characteristic lesion. Our biochemical, cytological, and histological results indicated differential lung toxicity mechanisms elicited by size-fractionated TP, in agreement with other studies performed in in vivo systems that have shown that lung responses to inhaled or instilled particles are affected by particle size. We conclude that lung toxicity induced by TP10 was primarily due to macrophage-mediated inflammatory events, while toxicity induced by TP2.5 appeared to be related more closely to cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Mantecca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, POLARIS Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 1 piazza della Scienza, Milan 20126, Italy
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Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Dormans JAMA, Bloemen HJT, Leseman DLAC, Boere AJF, Kelly FJ, Mudway IS, Jimenez AA, Donaldson K, Guastadisegni C, Janssen NAH, Brunekreef B, Sandström T, van Bree L, Cassee FR. Toxicity of Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter from Sites with Contrasting Traffic Profiles. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 19:1055-69. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370701626261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Frederix K, Kooter IM, van Oerle R, Fens D, Hamulyak K, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Ten Cate H, Spronk HM. A new method to determine tissue specific tissue factor thrombomodulin activities: endotoxin and particulate air pollution induced disbalance. Thromb J 2008; 6:14. [PMID: 18828903 PMCID: PMC2569913 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increase in tissue factor (TF) and loss in thrombomodulin (TM) antigen levels has been described in various inflammatory disorders. The functional consequences of such changes in antigen concentrations in the coagulation balance are, however, not known. This study was designed to assess the consequences of inflammation-driven organ specific functional properties of the procoagulant response. Methods Tissue specific procoagulant activity was assessed by adding tissue homogenate to normal human pool plasma and recording of the thrombin generation curve. The new technique was subsequently applied on two inflammation driven animal models: 1) mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia and 2) spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to environmental air pollution (particulate matter (PM). Results Addition of lung tissue from untreated animals to human plasma suppressed the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (175 ± 61 vs. 1437 ± 112 nM.min for control). This inhibitory effect was due to TM, because a) it was absent in protein C deficient plasma and b) lungs from TMpro/pro mice allowed full thrombin generation (ETP: 1686 ± 209 nM.min). The inhibitory effect of TM was lost after LPS administration to mice, which induced TF activity in lungs of C57Bl/6 mice as well as increased the ETP (941 ± 523 vs. 194 ± 159 nM.min for control). Another pro-inflammatory stimulus, PM dose-dependently increased TF in the lungs of spontaneously hypertensive rats at 4 and 48 hours after PM exposure. The ETP increased up to 48 hours at the highest concentration of PM (1441 ± 289 nM.min vs. saline: 164 ± 64 nM.min, p < 0.0001), suggesting a concentration- and time dependent reduction in TM activity. Conclusion Inflammation associated procoagulant effects in tissues are dependent on variations in activity of the TF-TM balance. The application of these novel organ specific functional assays is a useful tool to monitor inflammation-driven shifts in the coagulation balance within animal or human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Frederix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Tamagawa E, Bai N, Morimoto K, Gray C, Mui T, Yatera K, Zhang X, Xing L, Li Y, Laher I, Sin DD, Man SFP, van Eeden SF. Particulate matter exposure induces persistent lung inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L79-85. [PMID: 18469117 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00048.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and animal studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM) is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Whether PM-induced lung and systemic inflammation is involved in this process is not clear. We hypothesized that PM exposure causes lung and systemic inflammation, which in turn leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction, a key step in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were exposed for 5 days (acute, total dose 8 mg) and 4 wk (chronic, total dose 16 mg) to either PM smaller than 10 mum (PM(10)) or saline intratracheally. Lung inflammation was quantified by morphometry; systemic inflammation was assessed by white blood cell and platelet counts and serum interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide, and endothelin levels. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by vascular response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). PM(10) exposure increased lung macrophages (P<0.02), macrophages containing particles (P<0.001), and activated macrophages (P<0.006). PM(10) increased serum IL-6 levels in the first 2 wk of exposure (P<0.05) but not in weeks 3 or 4. PM(10) exposure reduced ACh-related relaxation of the carotid artery with both acute and chronic exposure, with no effect on SNP-induced vasodilatation. Serum IL-6 levels correlated with macrophages containing particles (P=0.043) and ACh-induced vasodilatation (P=0.014 at week 1, P=0.021 at week 2). Exposure to PM(10) caused lung and systemic inflammation that were both associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. This suggests that PM-induced lung and systemic inflammatory responses contribute to the adverse vascular events associated with exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tamagawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and James Hogg iCAPTURE Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Herseth JI, Refsnes M, Låg M, Hetland G, Schwarze PE. IL-1β as a determinant in silica-induced cytokine responses in monocyte-endothelial cell co-cultures. Hum Exp Toxicol 2008; 27:387-99. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327108094610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells are both involved in lung inflammation and remodeling of lung alveolar structures. In the present study, monocytes (precursors for macrophages) were exposed to crystalline silica and examined for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses in non-contact co-cultures with endothelial cells. The time courses for silica-induced release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 both from co-cultures and monocyte mono-cultures showed an early peak at 5–10 h, almost no response at 20 h, and a strong increase at 43 h. At 43 h, co-cultures also showed strongly increased IL-6 levels. Steady-state levels of mRNA roughly exhibited the same pattern of early up-regulation and reduced levels at 20 h. Compared with monocyte mono-cultures, silica induced a strong release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but not of TNF-α, after 43 h in co-cultures, whereas at 5 and 10 h a significant difference was only observed for the silica-induced IL-8 response. An antagonist to the IL-1 receptor strongly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 levels, whereas antibodies to TNF-α increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-8. Thus, IL-1β is suggested to be an important triggering factor that determines the silica-induced release of several of the other cytokines in this co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- JI Herseth
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department for Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Refsnes
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department for Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Låg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department for Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hetland
- Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - PE Schwarze
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department for Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Happo MS, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Kosma VM, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni K, Sunyer J, Hirvonen MR. Dose and time dependency of inflammatory responses in the mouse lung to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European cities. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19:227-46. [PMID: 17365027 DOI: 10.1080/08958370601067897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the dose and time dependency of inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to size-segregated urban air particulate samples in the mouse lung. Coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.2), and ultrafine (PM0.2) particles were collected in six European cities (Duisburg, Prague, Amsterdam, Helsinki, Barcelona, Athens) in selected seasons using a modified Harvard high-volume cascade impactor. Healthy C57Bl/6J mice were intratracheally exposed to the particulate samples in a 24-h dose-response study (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and in 4-, 12-, and 24-h time course studies (10 mg/kg). After the exposures, the lungs were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assayed for indicators of inflammation and tissue damage: total cell number, cell differential, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytokine (tumor necrosis alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and keratinocyte-derived chemokine [KC]) concentrations. In general, PM10-2.5 samples had higher inflammatory activity than PM2.5-0.2 samples. PM0.2 samples showed negligible inflammatory activity. PM10-2.5 and PM2.5-0.2 samples caused large increases in BALF cytokine concentrations at 4 h, but not at 12 or 24 h, after exposure. The BALF total cell number and total protein concentrations increased significantly at 12 h for both the PM10-2.5 and PM2.5-0.2 samples, but only PM10-2.5 samples produced consistent, significant increases at 24 h after exposure. There was more heterogeneity in BALF cytokine and neutrophil cell number responses to PM2.5-0.2 samples than to PM10-2.5 samples between the sampling campaigns. Thus, particle size, sources, and atmospheric transformation processes affect the inflammatory activity and response duration of urban air particulate matter in the mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Happo
- Department of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
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