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Eto K, Ogata M, Toyooka Y, Hayashi T, Ishibashi H. Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia in the Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain in Male Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:629-634. [PMID: 38494735 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the induction of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Moreover, the ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein diet, has an anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, we hypothesized that a ketogenic diet has a therapeutic effect on both types of chronic pain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a ketogenic diet on mechanical allodynia, a chronic pain symptom, in formalin-induced chronic inflammatory pain and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain models using adult male mice. Formalin injection into the hind paw induced mechanical allodynia in both the injected and intact hind paws, and the ketogenic diet alleviated mechanical allodynia in both hind paws. In addition, the ketogenic diet prevented formalin-induced edema. Furthermore, the diet alleviated mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury. Thus, these findings indicate that a ketogenic diet has a therapeutic effect on chronic pain induced by inflammation and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Eto
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences
| | - Masanori Ogata
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Toyooka
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Toru Hayashi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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Acero VP, Cribas ES, Browne KD, Rivellini O, Burrell JC, O’Donnell JC, Das S, Cullen DK. Bedside to bench: the outlook for psychedelic research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1240295. [PMID: 37869749 PMCID: PMC10588653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1240295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has recently been a resurgence of interest in psychedelic compounds based on studies demonstrating their potential therapeutic applications in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse disorders, and treatment-resistant depression. Despite promising efficacy observed in some clinical trials, the full range of biological effects and mechanism(s) of action of these compounds have yet to be fully established. Indeed, most studies to date have focused on assessing the psychological mechanisms of psychedelics, often neglecting the non-psychological modes of action. However, it is important to understand that psychedelics may mediate their therapeutic effects through multi-faceted mechanisms, such as the modulation of brain network activity, neuronal plasticity, neuroendocrine function, glial cell regulation, epigenetic processes, and the gut-brain axis. This review provides a framework supporting the implementation of a multi-faceted approach, incorporating in silico, in vitro and in vivo modeling, to aid in the comprehensive understanding of the physiological effects of psychedelics and their potential for clinical application beyond the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also provide an overview of the literature supporting the potential utility of psychedelics for the treatment of brain injury (e.g., stroke and traumatic brain injury), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases), and gut-brain axis dysfunction associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder). To move the field forward, we outline advantageous experimental frameworks to explore these and other novel applications for psychedelics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P. Acero
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Psychedelics Collaborative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily S. Cribas
- Penn Psychedelics Collaborative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin D. Browne
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Olivia Rivellini
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Psychedelics Collaborative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John C. O’Donnell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Psychedelics Collaborative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suradip Das
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Zou Y, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Quercetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain after Brachial Plexus Avulsion via Suppressing Oxidative Damage through Inhibition of PKC/MAPK/ NOX Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2343-2361. [PMID: 37533160 PMCID: PMC10556381 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230802144940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) animally involves the separation of spinal nerve roots themselves and the correlative spinal cord segment, leading to formidable neuropathic pain of the upper limb. METHODS The right seventh cervical (C7) ventral and dorsal roots were avulsed to establish a neuropathic pain model in rats. After operation, rats were treated with quercetin (QCN) by intragastric administration for 1 week. The effects of QCN were evaluated using mechanical allodynia tests and biochemical assay kits. RESULTS QCN treatment significantly attenuated the avulsion-provoked mechanical allodynia, elevated the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the C7 spinal dorsal horn. In addition, QCN administration inhibited the activations of macrophages, microglia and astrocytes in the C6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and C6-8 spinal dorsal horn, as well as attenuated the release of purinergic 2X (P2X) receptors in C6 DRG. The molecular mechanism underlying the above alterations was found to be related to the suppression of the PKC/MAPK/NOX signal pathway. To further study the anti-oxidative effects of QCN, we applied QCN on the H2O2-induced BV-2 cells in vitro, and the results attested that QCN significantly ameliorated the H2O2-induced ROS production in BV-2 cells, inhibited the H2O2-induced activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time provided evidence that QCN was able to attenuate pain hypersensitivity following the C7 spinal root avulsion in rats, and the molecular mechanisms involve the reduction of both neuro-inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress via suppression of P2X receptors and inhibition of the activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. The results indicate that QCN is a natural compound with great promise worthy of further development into a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of BPA-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
| | - Yidan Zou
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Analgesic Characteristics of NanoBEO Released by an Airless Dispenser for the Control of Agitation in Severe Dementia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154987. [PMID: 35956935 PMCID: PMC9370288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most common causes of the need for clinical evaluation, acquiring more importance in the elderly with cognitive impairment. Reduced self-reporting capabilities cause unrelieved pain contributing to the development of agitation. Safe and effective pain treatment can afford the management of agitation without the serious increase in death risk associated with neuroleptics. To this aim, the essential oil of bergamot (BEO), proven by rigorous evidence to have strong preclinical anti-nociceptive and anti-allodynic properties, has been engineered (NanoBEO, patent EP 4003294) to allow randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (BRAINAID, NCT04321889). The present study: (1) assesses the analgesic effects of a single therapeutic dose of NanoBEO, as supplied by an airless dispenser for clinical translation, in models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and sensitization types of pain relevant to clinic; (2) provides a dose-response analysis of the efficacy of NanoBEO on scratching behavior, a typical behavioral disturbance occurring in dementia. A single therapeutic dose of NanoBEO confirms efficacy following thirty minutes pre-treatment with capsaicin and on the central sensitization phase induced by formalin. Moreover, it has an ID50 of 0.6312 mg and it is efficacious on static and dynamic mechanical allodynia. Altogether, the gathered results strengthen the potential of NanoBEO for clinical management of pain and agitation.
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Hernandez-Leon A, Moreno-Pérez GF, Martínez-Gordillo M, Aguirre-Hernández E, Valle-Dorado MG, Díaz-Reval MI, González-Trujano ME, Pellicer F. Lamiaceae in Mexican Species, a Great but Scarcely Explored Source of Secondary Metabolites with Potential Pharmacological Effects in Pain Relief. Molecules 2021; 26:7632. [PMID: 34946714 PMCID: PMC8705283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for molecules that contribute to the relief of pain is a field of research in constant development. Lamiaceae is one of the most recognized families world-wide for its use in traditional medicine to treat diseases that include pain and inflammation. Mexico can be considered one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of this family, it is crucial for the in situ conservation of this family. Information about the most common genera and species found in this country and their uses in folk medicine are scarcely reported in the literature. After an extensive inspection in bibliographic databases, mainly Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Springer, almost 1200 articles describing aspects of Lamiaceae were found; however, 217 articles were selected because they recognize the Mexican genera and species with antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory potential to relieve pain, such as Salvia and Agastache. The bioactive constituents of these genera were mainly terpenes (volatile and non-volatile) and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (glycosides and aglycone). The aim of this review is to analyze important aspects of Mexican genera of Lamiaceae, scarcely explored as a potential source of secondary metabolites responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of these species. In addition, we point out the possible mechanisms of action involved and the modulatory pathways investigated in different experimental models. As a result of this review, it is important to mention that scarce information has been reported regarding species of this family from Mexican genera. In fact, despite Calosphace being one of the largest subgenera of Salvia in the world, found mainly in Mexico, it has been barely investigated regarding its potential biological activities and recognized bioactive constituents. The scientific evidence regarding the different bioactive constituents found in species of Lamiaceae demonstrates that several species require further investigation in preclinical studies, and of course also in controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of these natural products to support their therapeutic potential in pain relief and/or inflammation, among other health conditions. Since Mexico is one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of species of this family, it is crucial their rescue, in situ conservation, and investigation of their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Martínez-Gordillo
- Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Guadalupe Valle-Dorado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
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Rullo L, Posa L, Caputi FF, Stamatakos S, Formaggio F, Caprini M, Liguori R, Candeletti S, Romualdi P. Nociceptive behavior and central neuropeptidergic dysregulations in male and female mice of a Fabry disease animal model. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:158-167. [PMID: 34339779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited disorder characterized by glycosphingolipid accumulation due to deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) enzyme. Chronic pain and mood disorders frequently coexist in FD clinical setting, however underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. Here we investigated the mechanical and thermal sensitivity in α-Gal A (-/0) hemizygous male and the α-Gal A (-/-) homozygous female mice. We also characterized the gene expression of dynorphinergic, nociceptinergic and CRFergic systems, known to be involved in pain control and mood disorders, in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and thalamus of α-Gal A (-/0) hemizygous male and the α-Gal A (-/-) homozygous female mice. Moreover, KOP receptor protein levels were evaluated in the same areas. Fabry knock-out male, but not female, mice displayed a decreased pain threshold in both mechanical and thermal tests compared to their wild type littermates. In the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, we observed a decrease of pDYN mRNA levels in males, whereas an increase was assessed in females, thus suggesting sex-related dysregulation of stress coping and pain mechanisms. Elevated mRNA levels for pDYN/KOP and CRF/CRFR1 systems were observed in male and female thalamus, a critical crossroad for both painful signals and cognitive/emotional processes. KOP receptor protein level changes assessed in the investigated areas, appeared mostly in agreement with KOP gene expression alterations. Our data suggest that α-Gal A enzyme deficiency in male and female mice is associated with distinct neuropeptide gene and protein expression dysregulations of investigated systems, possibly related to the neuroplasticity underlying the neurological features of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rullo
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Luca Posa
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy; Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Serena Stamatakos
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Formaggio
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Marco Caprini
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy; Dept. of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna, 40139, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
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Duarte C MA, Carballo O JM, De Gouveia YM, García A, Ruiz D, Gledhill T, González-Marcano E, Convit AF. Toxicity evaluation of ConvitVax breast cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12669. [PMID: 34135375 PMCID: PMC8209199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ConvitVax is a personalized vaccine for the treatment of breast cancer, composed of autologous tumor cells, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and low concentrations of formalin. Previous pre-clinical studies show that this therapy induces a potent activation of the immune system and achieves an effective response against tumor cells, reducing the size of the tumor and decreasing the percentage of immunosuppressive cells. In the present study, we evaluate the toxicity of ConvitVax in healthy BALB/c mice to determine potential adverse effects related to the vaccine and each of its components. We used standard guidelines for pain, discomfort and distress recognition, continuously evaluated the site of the injection, and completed blood and urine clinical tests. Endpoint necropsy was performed, measuring the weight of organs and processing liver, kidney, thymus and lung for histological examination. Results show that the vaccine in its therapeutic dose, at 3 times its therapeutic concentration, and its individual components did not cause death or behavioral or biological changes, including any abnormalities in whole-body or organ weights, and tissue damage. These results support the safety of ConvitVax with minimal to no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Duarte C
- Unidad Experimental de Inmunoterapia, Fundación Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Angie García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Teresa Gledhill
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital José María Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Ana F Convit
- Unidad Experimental de Inmunoterapia, Fundación Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Jacinto Convit World Organization, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Wang XY, Ma HJ, Xue M, Sun YL, Ren A, Li MQ, Huang ZH, Huang C. Anti-nociceptive effects of Sedum Lineare Thunb. on spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the spinal cord in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111215. [PMID: 33418303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is still a critical public health problem worldwide. Thereby, the search for novel and more effective strategies against neuropathic pain is urgently considered. It is known that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. SedumLineare Thunb. (SLT), a kind of Chinese herb originated from the whole grass of Crassulaceae plant, was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether SLT has anti-nociceptive effect on neuropathic pain and its possible underlying mechanisms remains poorly elucidated. In this study, a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury (SNI)was applied. SLT (p.o.) was administered to SNI rats once every day lasting for 14 days. Pain-related behaviors were assessed by using paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and CatWalk gait parameters. Expression levels of inflammatory mediators and pain-related signaling molecules in the spinal cord were detected using western blotting assay. The results revealed that SLT (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment for SNI rats ameliorated mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. Application of SLT at the most effective dose of 100 mg/kg to SNI rats not only significantly blocked microglial activation, but also markedly reduced the protein levels of spinal HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, along with an enhancement in gait parameters. Furthermore, SLT treatment dramatically inhibited the phosphorylation levels of both IKK and NF-κB p65 but obviously improved both IκB and IL-10 protein expression in the spinal cord of SNI rats. Altogether, these data suggested that SLT could suppress spinal TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in SNI rats, which might at least partly contribute to its anti-nociceptive action, indicating that SLT may serveas a potential therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hai-Juan Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Ya-Lan Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - An Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China; Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China; Pain Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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9
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Clinical and Forensic Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020116. [PMID: 33546518 PMCID: PMC7913753 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia divinorum Epling and Játiva is a perennial mint from the Lamiaceae family, endemic to Mexico, predominantly from the state of Oaxaca. Due to its psychoactive properties, S. divinorum had been used for centuries by Mazatecans for divinatory, religious, and medicinal purposes. In recent years, its use for recreational purposes, especially among adolescents and young adults, has progressively increased. The main bioactive compound underlying the hallucinogenic effects, salvinorin A, is a non-nitrogenous diterpenoid with high affinity and selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor. The aim of this work is to comprehensively review and discuss the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of S. divinorum and salvinorin A, highlighting their psychological, physiological, and toxic effects. Potential therapeutic applications and forensic aspects are also covered in this review. The leaves of S. divinorum can be chewed, drunk as an infusion, smoked, or vaporised. Absorption of salvinorin A occurs through the oral mucosa or the respiratory tract, being rapidly broken down in the gastrointestinal system to its major inactive metabolite, salvinorin B, when swallowed. Salvinorin A is rapidly distributed, with accumulation in the brain, and quickly eliminated. Its pharmacokinetic parameters parallel well with the short-lived psychoactive and physiological effects. No reports on toxicity or serious adverse outcomes were found. A variety of therapeutic applications have been proposed for S. divinorum which includes the treatment of chronic pain, gastrointestinal and mood disorders, neurological diseases, and treatment of drug dependence. Notwithstanding, there is still limited knowledge regarding the pharmacology and toxicology features of S. divinorum and salvinorin A, and this is needed due to its widespread use. Additionally, the clinical acceptance of salvinorin A has been hampered, especially due to the psychotropic side effects and misuse, turning the scientific community to the development of analogues with better pharmacological profiles.
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Iannotta M, Belardo C, Trotta MC, Iannotti FA, Vitale RM, Maisto R, Boccella S, Infantino R, Ricciardi F, Mirto BF, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Amodeo P, Tunisi L, Cristino L, D’Amico M, di Marzo V, Luongo L, Maione S, Guida F. N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, a Natural Monosaccharide-Based Glycolipid, Inhibits TLR4 and Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammation and Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031491. [PMID: 33540826 PMCID: PMC7867376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key receptors through which infectious and non-infectious challenges act with consequent activation of the inflammatory cascade that plays a critical function in various acute and chronic diseases, behaving as amplification and chronicization factors of the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that synthetic analogues of lipid A based on glucosamine with few chains of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, bind MD-2 and inhibit TLR4 receptors. These synthetic compounds showed antagonistic activity against TLR4 activation in vitro by LPS, but little or no activity in vivo. This study aimed to show the potential use of N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), a bacterial molecule with structural similarity to the lipid A component of LPS, which could be useful for preventing LPS-induced tissue damage or even peripheral neuropathies. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that PGA stably binds MD-2 with a MD-2/(PGA)3 stoichiometry. Treatment with PGA resulted in the following effects: (i) it prevented the NF-kB activation in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells; (ii) it decreased LPS-induced keratitis and corneal pro-inflammatory cytokines, whilst increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines; (iii) it normalized LPS-induced miR-20a-5p and miR-106a-5p upregulation and increased miR-27a-3p levels in the inflamed corneas; (iv) it decreased allodynia in peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin or formalin, but not following spared nerve injury of the sciatic nerve (SNI); (v) it prevented the formalin- or oxaliplatin-induced myelino-axonal degeneration of sciatic nerve. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that PGA acts as a TLR4 antagonist and this may be the basis of its potent anti-inflammatory activity. Being unique because of its potency and stability, as compared to other similar congeners, PGA can represent a tool for the optimization of new TLR4 modulating drugs directed against the cytokine storm and the chronization of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Rosa Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Benito Fabio Mirto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Vincenzo di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) of National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.A.I.); (R.M.V.); (P.A.); (L.T.); (L.C.); (V.d.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Universitè Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0815667658 (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.I.); (C.B.); (M.C.T.); (R.M.); (S.B.); (R.I.); (F.R.); (B.F.M.); (M.D.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (F.G.); Tel.: +39-0815667658 (F.G.)
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Abstract
Preclinical models that assess "pain" in rodents typically measure increases in behaviors produced by a "pain stimulus." A large literature exists showing that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists can decrease these "pain-stimulated behaviors" following many different pain stimuli. Despite showing apparent antinociceptive properties in these preclinical models, KOR agonists failed as analgesics in clinical trials. Recent studies that assessed decreases in behavior due to a pain stimulus show that KOR agonists are not effective in restoring these "pain-depressed behaviors" to normal levels, which agrees with the lack of effectiveness for KOR agonists in clinical trials. One current explanation for the failure of previous KOR agonists in clinical trials is that those agonists activated beta-arrestin signaling and that KOR agonists with a greater bias for G protein signaling will be more successful. However, neither G protein-biased agonists nor beta-arrestin-biased agonists are very effective in assays of pain-depressed behavior, which suggests that novel biased agonists may still not be effective analgesics. This review provides a concise account of the effectiveness of KOR agonists in preclinical models of pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behaviors following the administration of different pain stimuli. Based on the previous results, it may be appropriate to include both behaviors when testing the analgesic potential of KOR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Lazenka
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, USA.
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Zavala-Ocampo LM, Martínez-Gordillo MJ, González-Trujano ME, Peña FAB, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Chávez JAR, Dorazco-González A, Aguirre-Hernández E. Antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of a neo-clerodane diterpene from Salvia semiatrata aerial parts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:620-629. [PMID: 32633180 PMCID: PMC7471977 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1784235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salvia semiatrata Zucc. (Lamiaceae) is a species used as a tranquilizer and to relieve pain in folk medicine in Santiago Huauclilla, Oaxaca, Mexico. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of S. semiatrata extracts and identify a bioactive metabolite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were obtained by maceration of S. semiatrata aerial parts using solvents in increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). A neo-clerodane diterpene was extracted from the ethyl acetate fraction using open column chromatography. Identification of this metabolite was performed by crystallography, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ATR-IR, ECD, MS and elemental analysis. The antinociceptive activity was explored using the writhing and formalin tests. Whereas, the anxiolytic-like responses were analysed in the open-field, hole-board and plus-maze tests. All the treatments were administered using oral gavage in male CD1 mice and explored 30 min after administration of the individual extracts (300 mg/kg) or the compound 1 (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg). RESULTS All the extracts produced significant reduction in the nociceptive and anxiety-like behaviour compared to mice treated with the vehicle (0.5% tween 80 in saline solution). The spectroscopic analysis corroborated the presence of the neo-clerodane diterpene 7-keto-neoclerodan-3,13-dien-18,19:15,16-diolide (1), as partial responsible of the antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects, which produced a dose-dependent response in the writhing test with an ED50=4.15 mg/kg. Discussion and conclusions: These results reinforce the medicinal properties of S. semiatrata in folk medicine, where participation of a neo-clerodane diterpene was evidenced in the inhibitory central nervous system activity of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Lizeth M. Zavala-Ocampo
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo
- Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
- CONTACT Eva Aguirre-Hernández Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México04510
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Hernández-Alvarado RB, Madariaga-Mazón A, Ortega A, Martinez-Mayorga K. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Salvinorin A. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3979-3992. [PMID: 33164503 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvinorin A is the main bioactive compound in Salvia divinorum, an endemic plant with ancestral use by the inhabitants of the Mazateca mountain range (Sierra Mazateca) in Oaxaca, México. The main use of la pastora, as locally known, is in spiritual rites due to its extraordinary hallucinogenic effects. Being the first known nonalkaloidal opioid-mediated psychotropic molecule, salvinorin A set new research areas in neuroscience. The absence of a protonated amine group, common to all previously known opioids, results in a fast metabolism with the concomitant fast elimination and swift loss of activity. The worldwide spread and psychotropic effects of salvinorin A account for its misuse and classification as a drug of abuse. Consequently, salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum are now banned in many countries. Several synthetic efforts have been focused on the improvement of physicochemical and biological properties of salvinorin A: from total synthesis to hundreds of analogues. In this Review, we discuss the impact of salvinorin A in chemistry and neuroscience covering the historical relevance, isolation from natural sources, synthetic efforts, and pharmacological and safety profiles. Altogether, the chemistry behind and the taboo that encloses salvinorin A makes it one of the most exquisite naturally occurring drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bruno Hernández-Alvarado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Abraham Madariaga-Mazón
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Alfredo Ortega
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Karina Martinez-Mayorga
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
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1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain: A Computational, Behavioral, and Molecular Approach. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100731. [PMID: 33066162 PMCID: PMC7601954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators are contributing factors for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In the present study, the post-treatment of synthetic 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivative (B3) for its neuroprotective potential in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain was applied. In-silico studies were carried out through Auto Dock, PyRx, and DSV to obtain the possible binding and interactions of the ligands (B3) with COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS. The sciatic nerve of the anesthetized rat was constricted with sutures 3/0. Treatment with 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative was started a day after surgery and continued until the 14th day. All behavioral studies were executed on day 0, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th. The sciatic nerve and spinal cord were collected for further molecular analysis. The interactions in the form of hydrogen bonding stabilizes the ligand target complex. B3 showed three hydrogen bonds with IL-6. B3, in addition to correcting paw posture/deformation induced by CCI, attenuates hyperalgesia (p < 0.001) and allodynia (p < 0.001). B3 significantly raised the level of GST and GSH in both the sciatic nerve and spinal cord and reduced the LPO and iNOS (p < 0.001). B3 attenuates the pathological changes induced by nerve injury, which was confirmed by H&E staining and IHC examination. B3 down-regulates the over-expression of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 and hence provides neuroprotective effects in CCI-induced pain. The results demonstrate that B3 possess anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects and thus minimizes pain perception and inflammation. The possible underlying mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of B3 probably may be mediated through IL-6.
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Paton KF, Atigari DV, Kaska S, Prisinzano T, Kivell BM. Strategies for Developing κ Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Pain with Fewer Side Effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:332-348. [PMID: 32913006 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant need to find effective, nonaddictive pain medications. κ Opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists have been studied for decades but have recently received increased attention because of their analgesic effects and lack of abuse potential. However, a range of side effects have limited the clinical development of these drugs. There are several strategies currently used to develop safer and more effective KOPr agonists. These strategies include identifying G-protein-biased agonists, developing peripherally restricted KOPr agonists without centrally mediated side effects, and developing mixed opioid agonists, which target multiple receptors at specific ratios to balance side-effect profiles and reduce tolerance. Here, we review the latest developments in research related to KOPr agonists for the treatment of pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses strategies for developing safer κ opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists with therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain. Although one strategy is to modify selective KOPr agonists to create peripherally restricted or G-protein-biased structures, another approach is to combine KOPr agonists with μ, δ, or nociceptin opioid receptor activation to obtain mixed opioid receptor agonists, therefore negating the adverse effects and retaining the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Diana V Atigari
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Sophia Kaska
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Thomas Prisinzano
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
| | - Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand (K.P., D.V.A., B.M.K.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (S.K., T.P.)
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Paton KF, Biggerstaff A, Kaska S, Crowley RS, La Flamme AC, Prisinzano TE, Kivell BM. Evaluation of Biased and Balanced Salvinorin A Analogs in Preclinical Models of Pain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:765. [PMID: 32792903 PMCID: PMC7385413 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for safer, non-addictive analgesics, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists are a potential target, as unlike mu-opioid analgesics, they do not have abuse potential. Salvinorin A (SalA) is a potent and selective KOPr agonist, however, clinical utility is limited by the short duration of action and aversive side effects. Biasing KOPr signaling toward G-protein activation has been highlighted as a key cellular mechanism to reduce the side effects of KOPr agonists. The present study investigated KOPr signaling bias and the acute antinociceptive effects and side effects of two novel analogs of SalA, 16-Bromo SalA and 16-Ethynyl SalA. 16-Bromo SalA showed G-protein signaling bias, whereas 16-Ethynyl SalA displayed balanced signaling properties. In the dose-response tail-withdrawal assay, SalA, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA were more potent than the traditional KOPr agonist U50,488, and 16-Ethynyl SalA was more efficacious. 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA both had a longer duration of action in the warm water tail-withdrawal assay, and 16-Ethynyl had greater antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate assay, compared to SalA. In the intraplantar 2% formaldehyde test, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA significantly reduced both nociceptive and inflammatory pain-related behaviors. Moreover, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA had no anxiogenic effects in the marble burying task, and 16-Bromo SalA did not alter behavior in the elevated zero maze. Overall, 16-Ethynyl SalA significantly attenuated acute pain-related behaviors in multiple preclinical models, while the biased KOPr agonist, 16-Bromo SalA, displayed modest antinociceptive effects, and lacked anxiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Biggerstaff
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sophia Kaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rachel S Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Anne C La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Scuteri D, Berliocchi L, Rombolà L, Morrone LA, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Effects of Aging on Formalin-Induced Pain Behavior and Analgesic Activity of Gabapentin in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:663. [PMID: 32457634 PMCID: PMC7227482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved living conditions have induced an increase of lifespan often accompanied by comorbidities, responsible for pain, and by cognitive impairment and dementia, impairing communication capabilities. In most cases, the elderly do not receive pain relief because of underdiagnosis and of aging-induced changes of systems affecting nociceptive response. Unrelieved pain is involved in the development of behavioral symptoms, as agitation, representing a difficult challenge in this fragile population. Aged C57BL/6 mice and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mice display behavioral disturbances that mimic behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Therefore, this original study focuses on the influence of aging on nociception to provide insight into the occurrence of BPSD. We have investigated how aging can affect nociception after formalin administration and gabapentin effect in C57BL/6 mice, since it represents one of the treatments of choice for chronic neuropathic pain. Based on our results, changes of nociceptive behavior in response to an algogen stimulus occur during aging. Formalin-induced behavioral pattern in older C57BL/6 mice presents a temporal shift and an increase in the peak amplitudes. Our data show that the effectiveness of gabapentin is influenced by the age of the animal; though preliminary, the latter provide evidence upon which formalin test induced long-lasting mechanical allodynia might be a reliable as rapid and viable persistent pain model. The disclosed differences in effectiveness of gabapentin according to age can form the rational basis to deepen the study of pain treatment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Rombolà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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18
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Piscitelli F, Guida F, Luongo L, Iannotti FA, Boccella S, Verde R, Lauritano A, Imperatore R, Smoum R, Cristino L, Lichtman AH, Parker LA, Mechoulam R, Maione S, Di Marzo V. Protective Effects of N-Oleoylglycine in a Mouse Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1117-1128. [PMID: 32017529 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death in young people for which currently no efficacious treatment exists. Recently, we have reported that mice with mild-TBI with a specific injury in the insula showed elevated levels of a little investigated N-acyl amino acid, N-oleoylglycine (OlGly). N-acyl amino acids have recently experienced an increased interest because of their important biological activities. They belong to the endocannabinoidome family of lipids with structural similarities with the endocannabinoids (eCBs). The aim of this study was to test the neuroprotective and antihyperalgesic actions of OlGly in a model of mouse mild-TBI (mTBI) and its effect on levels of eCBs and N-acylethanolamines at the end of treatment. Following mTBI, mice were administered a daily injection of OlGly (10-50-100 mg/kg i.p.) for 14 days. Treatment with OlGly normalized motor impairment and behavior in the light/dark box test, ameliorated TBI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and normalized aggressiveness and depression. Moreover, levels of eCBs and some N-acylethanolamines underwent significant changes 60 days after TBI, especially in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus, and OlGly reversed some of these changes. In conclusion, our findings reveal that OlGly ameliorates the behavioral alterations associated with mTBI in mice, while concomitantly modulating eCB and eCB-like mediator tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Piscitelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Reem Smoum
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Luigia Cristino
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Linda A. Parker
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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19
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Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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20
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Fujiwara A, Nakao K, Ueno T, Matsumura S, Ito S, Minami T. Stiripentol alleviates neuropathic pain in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice. J Anesth 2020; 34:373-381. [PMID: 32189128 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiepileptic drugs are used not only for the treatment of epilepsy but also for that of neuropathic pain. However, their action mechanisms have not always been well explained. Stiripentol, an effective antiepileptic drug indicated as a therapeutic for Dravet syndrome, was recently shown to act as an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase in astrocytes. In this present study, we examined the effect of stiripentol on neuropathic pain in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice. METHODS We carried out behavioral tests using calibrated von Frey filaments and the immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice after intrathecal administration of drugs. RESULTS Like other anticonvulsants such as gabapentin and carbamazepine, stiripentol alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection in a dose-dependent manner, when intrathecally administered to mice 7, 14, and 28 days after L5 spinal nerve transection. Likewise, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, a broad inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters, diminished mechanical hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection. Simultaneous administration of L-lactate negated the analgesic effect elicited by stiripentol, carbamazepine or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, but not that by gabapentin. None of the anticonvulsants affected the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein. CONCLUSIONS This present study demonstrated that stiripentol was effective against neuropathic pain and suggested that the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle was involved in such pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Minami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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21
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Guida F, Boccella S, Belardo C, Iannotta M, Piscitelli F, De Filippis F, Paino S, Ricciardi F, Siniscalco D, Marabese I, Luongo L, Ercolini D, Di Marzo V, Maione S. Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in vitamin D deficiency-mediated chronic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 85:128-141. [PMID: 30953765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to the gut microbiota as a regulator of brain and behavior, although it remains to be determined if gut bacteria play a role in chronic pain. The endocannabinoid system is implicated in inflammation and chronic pain processing at both the gut and central nervous system (CNS) levels. In the present study, we used low Vitamin D dietary intake in mice and evaluated possible changes in gut microbiota, pain processing and endocannabinoid system signaling. Vitamin D deficiency induced a lower microbial diversity characterized by an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroidetes. Concurrently, vitamin D deficient mice showed tactile allodynia associated with neuronal hyperexcitability and alterations of endocannabinoid system members (endogenous mediators and their receptors) at the spinal cord level. Changes in endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) levels were also observed in the duodenum and colon. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory anandamide congener, palmitoylethanolamide, counteracted both the pain behaviour and spinal biochemical changes in vitamin D deficient mice, whilst increasing the levels of Akkermansia, Eubacterium and Enterobacteriaceae, as compared with vehicle-treated mice. Finally, induction of spared nerve injury in normal or vitamin D deficient mice was not accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition. Our data suggest the existence of a link between Vitamin D deficiency - with related changes in gut bacterial composition - and altered nociception, possibly via molecular mechanisms involving the endocannabinoid and related mediator signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Quèbec Heart and Lung Institute and Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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22
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Mascarenhas CJ, Liu R, Barr GA. Effects of plant-derived analgesic compounds sinomenine and salvinorin A in infant rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:174-180. [PMID: 31992510 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premature and ill neonates undergo painful but medically necessary procedures while hospitalized. Although opiate drugs are administered as analgesics, problems associated with their side effects, tolerance, and potential dependence necessitate research into alternative pain-relieving medications. Here we test two plant-derived compounds in infant rats: sinomenine, which targets the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor member X2 opioid receptor; and salvinorin A, which is a κ opioid receptor agonist. In adult animals both sinomenine and salvinorin A are analgesic, but neither has been tested in infants. METHODS We used the formalin and thermal plantar tests in rats 7 and 21 days of age (PN7 and PN21) for behavioral signs of pain. In addition, brain sections were stained using Fos immunohistochemistry to examine patterns of brain activation in the midbrain periaqueductal gray and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. RESULTS Sinomenine was analgesic in both the formalin and thermal tests on animals 21 days of age. At PN7 only the highest dose elevated response latencies in the thermal test and there were no effects of sinomenine in the formalin test. Analysis of Fos expression in the sinomenine-treated animals showed no drug effect, in contrast to the behavioral results. Salvinorin A was analgesic in the formalin test only at the highest dose at 21 days of age but not in the thermal test at either age. CONCLUSION The increased modest effectiveness of sinomenine in older animals and the minimum salvinorin A drug effect suggest that the compounds act on sites that develop during the preweaning period (sinomenine) or after weaning (salvinorin A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad J Mascarenhas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gordon A Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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23
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Rigo FK, Bochi GV, Pereira AL, Adamante G, Ferro PR, Dal-Toé De Prá S, Milioli AM, Damiani AP, da Silveira Prestes G, Dalenogare DP, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Moraes de Andrade V, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Trevisan G. TsNTxP, a non-toxic protein from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom, induces antinociceptive effects by suppressing glutamate release in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:65-74. [PMID: 31059709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common type of chronic pain caused by trauma or chemotherapy. However, this type of pain is undertreated. TsNTxP is a non-toxic protein isolated from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus, and it is structurally similar to neurotoxins that interact with voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the antinociceptive properties of this protein have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of TsNTxP in acute and neuropathic pain models. Male and female Swiss mice (25-30 g) were exposed to different models of acute pain (tail-flick test and nociception caused by capsaicin intraplantar injection) or neuropathic pain (chronic pain syndrome induced by paclitaxel or chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve). Hypersensitivity to mechanical or cold stimuli were evaluated in the models of neuropathic pain. The ability of TsNTxP to alter the release of glutamate in mouse spinal cord synaptosomes was also evaluated. The results showed that TsNTxP exerted antinociceptive effects in the tail-flick test to a thermal stimulus and in the intraplantar capsaicin administration model. Furthermore, TsNTxP was non-toxic and exerted antiallodynic effects in neuropathic pain models induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve and administration of paclitaxel. TsNTxP reduced glutamate release from mouse spinal cord synaptosomes following stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl) or capsaicin. Thus, this T. serrulatus protein may be a promising non-toxic drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Karine Rigo
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Lana Pereira
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Adamante
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Ronsani Ferro
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira Dal-Toé De Prá
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Marcone Milioli
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriele da Silveira Prestes
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diéssica Padilha Dalenogare
- Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais State (UFMG), 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), 88006-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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24
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He YT, Duan XL, Guo Z, Li HL, Suo ZW, Yang X, Zhang MY, Hu XD. A synthetic peptide disturbing GluN2A/SHP1 interaction in dorsal root ganglion attenuated pathological pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:62-69. [PMID: 30951721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Src Homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) interacts specifically with GluN2A subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors in spinal cord dorsal horn. This molecular interaction is involved in the development of GluN2A-dependent spinal sensitization of nociceptive behaviors. Intrathecal application of a GluN2A-derived polypeptide (short for pep-GluN2A) has been shown to disturb spinal GluN2A/SHP1 interaction and inhibit inflammatory pain. Here we found that SHP1 was also located at dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and formed complexes with GluN2A subunit. Peripheral inflammation activated SHP1 in DRG neurons, which promoted GluN2A tyrosine phosphorylation. The SHP1 binding to GluN2A facilitated the glutamate release from primary afferent fibers and exaggerated nociceptive synaptic transmission onto postsynaptic spinal cord neurons. Our data showed that intradermal application of pep-GluN2A disrupted GluN2A/SHP1 interaction in DRG neurons, attenuated the ability of GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors to regulate the presynaptic glutamate release and more importantly, alleviated the pain hypersensitivity caused by carrageenan, complete Freund's adjuvant and formalin. The neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury was also ameliorated by intradermal pep-GluN2A application. These data suggested that disruption of GluN2A/SHP1 interaction in DRG neurons generated an effective analgesic action against pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao He
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xing-Lian Duan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Hu-Ling Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhan-Wei Suo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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25
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Coffeen U, Pellicer F. Salvia divinorum: from recreational hallucinogenic use to analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1069-1076. [PMID: 30962708 PMCID: PMC6434906 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a herbal plant native to the southwest region of Mexico. Traditional preparations of this plant have been used in illness treatments that converge with inflammatory conditions and pain. Currently, S. divinorum extracts have become popular in several countries as a recreational drug due to its hallucinogenic effects. Its main active component is a diterpene named salvinorin A (SA), a potent naturally occurring hallucinogen with a great affinity to the κ opioid receptors and with allosteric modulation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors. Recent biochemical research has revealed the mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of SA at the cellular and molecular level. Nevertheless, because of their short-lasting and hallucinogenic effect, the research has focused on discovering a new analogue of SA that is able to induce analgesia and reduce inflammation with a long-lasting effect but without the hallucinatory component. In this review, we explore the role of S. divinorum, SA and its analogues. We focus mainly on their analgesic and anti-inflammatory roles but also mention their psychoactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Coffeen
- Research in Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México,
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Research in Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México,
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Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Mesyl Sal B Attenuates Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine with Fewer Aversive Side-Effects than Salvinorin A in Rodents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102602. [PMID: 30314288 PMCID: PMC6222496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute activation of kappa opioid receptors (KOPr) produces antinociceptive and anti-cocaine effects, however, their side-effects have limited further clinical development. Mesyl Sal B is a potent and selective KOPr analogue of Salvinorin A (Sal A), a psychoactive natural product isolated from the plant Salvia divinorum. We assessed the antinociceptive, anti-cocaine, and side-effects of Mesyl Sal B. The anti-cocaine effects are evaluated in cocaine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Mesyl Sal B was assessed for anhedonia (conditioned taste aversion), aversion (conditioned place aversion), pro-depressive effects (forced swim test), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and learning and memory deficits (novel object recognition). In male B6.SJL mice, the antinociceptive effects were evaluated in warm-water (50 °C) tail withdrawal and intraplantar formaldehyde (2%) assays and the sedative effects measured with the rotarod performance task. Mesyl Sal B (0.3 mg/kg) attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization to cocaine without modulating sucrose self-administration and without producing aversion, sedation, anxiety, or learning and memory impairment in rats. However, increased immobility was observed in the forced swim test indicating pro-depressive effects. Mesyl Sal B was not as potent as Sal A at reducing pain in the antinociceptive assays. In conclusion, Mesyl Sal B possesses anti-cocaine effects, is longer acting in vivo and has fewer side-effects when compared to Sal A, however, the antinociceptive effects are limited.
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27
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Singh AK, Kumar S, Vinayak M. Recent development in antihyperalgesic effect of phytochemicals: anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory actions. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:633-654. [PMID: 29767332 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is an unpleasant sensation triggered by noxious stimulation. It is one of the most prevalent conditions, limiting productivity and diminishing quality of life. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used as pain relievers in present day practice as pain is mostly initiated due to inflammation. However, due to potentially serious side effects, long term use of these antihyperalgesic drugs raises concern. Therefore there is a demand to search novel medicines with least side effects. Herbal products have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation, and phytochemicals are known to cause fewer side effects. However, identification of active phytochemicals of herbal medicines and clear understanding of the molecular mechanism of their action is needed for clinical acceptance. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we have briefly discussed the cellular and molecular changes during hyperalgesia via inflammatory mediators and neuro-modulatory action involved therein. The review includes 54 recently reported phytochemicals with antihyperalgesic action, as per the literature available with PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. CONCLUSION Compounds of high interest as potential antihyperalgesic agents are: curcumin, resveratrol, capsaicin, quercetin, eugenol, naringenin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Current knowledge about molecular targets of pain and their regulation by these phytochemicals is elaborated and the scope of further research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Department of Zoology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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28
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Neuroimmune-Driven Neuropathic Pain Establishment: A Focus on Gender Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010281. [PMID: 29342105 PMCID: PMC5796227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammatory cells in the establishment of neuropathic pain has been investigated in depth in the last few years. In particular, microglia have been shown to be key players in the induction of tactile allodynia, as they release proinflammatory molecules that, in turn, sensitize nociceptive neurons within the spinal cord. However, the role of peripheral immune cells such as macrophages, infiltrating monocytes, mast cells, and T-cells has been highlighted in the last few studies, even though the data are still conflicting and need to be clarified. Intriguingly, the central (microglia) and peripheral (T-cell)-adaptive immune cells that orchestrate maladaptive process-driven neuropathic pain seem to be involved in a gender-dependent manner. In this review, we highlight the role of the microglia and peripheral immune cells in chronic degenerative disease associated with neuro-immune-inflammatory processes.
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29
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Coffeen U, Canseco-Alba A, Simón-Arceo K, Almanza A, Mercado F, León-Olea M, Pellicer F. Salvinorin A reduces neuropathic nociception in the insular cortex of the rat. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:311-318. [PMID: 28975684 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is one of the most important challenges in public health. The search for novel treatments is important for an adequate relief without adverse effects. In this sense salvinorin A (SA), the main diterpene of the medicinal plant Salvia divinorum is an important antinociceptive compound, which acts as a potent agonist of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors. METHODS We evaluated nociceptive responses in a neuropathic pain model induced by the sciatic nerve ligature (SNL) in the right hind paw, after the microinjection of SA, Salvinorin B (SB), KOR and CB1 antagonists directly in the insular cortex (IC) in male wistar rats. RESULTS We found a potent antinociceptive effect with the administration of SA. Moreover, this effect was blocked by the administration of a KOR antagonist as well as the administration of a CB1 antagonist. CONCLUSION Salvinorin A has a potent antinociceptive effect when is administered centrally in the IC by the interaction with KOR and CB1 receptors. SIGNIFICANCE We show evidence on the effectiveness of the administration of salvinorin A in the IC in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. These results support the use of novel compounds like SA as a therapeutic alternative for neuropathic pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Coffeen
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - A Canseco-Alba
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - K Simón-Arceo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - A Almanza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - F Mercado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - M León-Olea
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
| | - F Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, CDMX, México
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30
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Nijs J, Loggia ML, Polli A, Moens M, Huysmans E, Goudman L, Meeus M, Vanderweeën L, Ickmans K, Clauw D. Sleep disturbances and severe stress as glial activators: key targets for treating central sensitization in chronic pain patients? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:817-826. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1353603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nijs
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco L. Loggia
- MGH/HST A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Polli
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Manual Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Goudman
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mira Meeus
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanderweeën
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Private Practice for Spinal Manual Therapy, Schepdaal-Dilbeek, Belgium
| | - Kelly Ickmans
- Department of physiotherapy, human physiology and anatomy, Pain in Motion International Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Clauw
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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31
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Guida F, Luongo L, Boccella S, Giordano ME, Romano R, Bellini G, Manzo I, Furiano A, Rizzo A, Imperatore R, Iannotti FA, D'Aniello E, Piscitelli F, Sca Rossi F, Cristino L, Di Marzo V, de Novellis V, Maione S. Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:375. [PMID: 28336953 PMCID: PMC5428303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions mainly through inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory molecules from mast cells, monocytes and macrophages. Indirect activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is among the several mechanisms of action that have been proposed to underlie the different effects of PEA in vivo. In this study, we used cultured rat microglia and human macrophages to evaluate whether PEA affects eCB signaling. PEA was found to increase CB2 mRNA and protein expression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation. This novel gene regulation mechanism was demonstrated through: (i) pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA silencing, (iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation. Moreover, exposure to PEA induced morphological changes associated with a reactive microglial phenotype, including increased phagocytosis and migratory activity. Our findings suggest indirect regulation of microglial CB2R expression as a new possible mechanism underlying the effects of PEA. PEA can be explored as a useful tool for preventing/treating the symptoms associated with neuroinflammation in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - L Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - S Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M E Giordano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - R Romano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - G Bellini
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - I Manzo
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Furiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - R Imperatore
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - F A Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - E D'Aniello
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - F Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - F Sca Rossi
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - V de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - S Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (Ex SUN), 80138, Naples, Italy. .,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Pozzuoli, Italy.
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Paton KF, Kumar N, Crowley RS, Harper JL, Prisinzano TE, Kivell BM. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvinorin A analogue β-tetrahydropyran Salvinorin B in mice. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:1039-1050. [PMID: 28158929 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs activating the mu opioid receptor are routinely used to treat severe acute and chronic pain. Unfortunately, side effects including nausea, constipation, respiratory depression, addiction and tolerance can limit clinical utility. In contrast, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists, such as Salvinorin A (SalA), have analgesic properties with little potential for abuse. METHODS We evaluated SalA and the novel analogue β-tetrahydropyran Salvinorin B (β-THP SalB) for the ability to modulate pain and inflammation in vivo. The hot water tail-withdrawal assay, intradermal formalin-induced inflammatory pain and paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain models were used to evaluate analgesic properties in mice. Tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells was measured by histology and flow cytometry. RESULTS β-tetrahydropyran Salvinorin B produced a longer duration of action in the tail-withdrawal assay compared to the parent compound SalA, and, like SalA and U50,488, β-THP SalB is a full agonist at the KOPr. In the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model, β-THP SalB and SalA significantly reduced pain score, paw oedema and limited the infiltration of neutrophils into the inflamed tissue. β-THP SalB and SalA supressed both mechanical and cold allodynia in the paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Structural modification of SalA at the C-2 position alters its analgesic potency and efficacy in vivo. Substitution with a tetrahydropyran group at C-2 produced potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, including a reduction in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. This study highlights the potential for KOPr agonists as analgesics with anti-inflammatory action and little risk of abuse. SIGNIFICANCE Salvinorin A and the novel analogue β-THP Salvinorin B show analgesic effects in the tail-withdrawal and formalin assays. They reduce oedema and decrease neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissue, and suppress mechanical and cold allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - N Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R S Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - J L Harper
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,WelTec, Petone, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - T E Prisinzano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | - B M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Rossi A, Caiazzo E, Bilancia R, Riemma MA, Pagano E, Cicala C, Ialenti A, Zjawiony JK, Izzo AA, Capasso R, Roviezzo F. Salvinorin A Inhibits Airway Hyperreactivity Induced by Ovalbumin Sensitization. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:525. [PMID: 28133450 PMCID: PMC5233683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpene isolated from Salvia divinorum, exerts a number of pharmacological actions which are not solely limited to the central nervous system. Recently it has been demonstrated that Salvinorin A inhibits acute inflammatory response affecting leukotriene (LT) production. Since LTs are potent lipid mediators implicated in allergic diseases, we evaluated the effect of Salvinorin A on allergic inflammation and on airways following sensitization in the mouse. Mice were sensitized with s.c. injection of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 1 and 8. Sensitized mice received on days 9 and 12 on the shaved dorsal surface air administration to induce the development of the air-pouches. On day 15 animals were challenged by injection of OVA into the air-pouch. Salvinorin A, administered (10 mg/kg) before each allergen exposure, significantly reduced OVA-induced LT increase in the air pouch. This effect was coupled to a reduction in cell recruitment and Th2 cytokine production. In another set of experiments, mice were sensitized with OVA and both bronchial reactivity and pulmonary inflammation were assessed. Salvinorin A abrogated bronchial hyperreactivity and interleukin (IL)-13 production, without effect on pulmonary inflammation. Indeed cell infiltration and peribronchial edema were still present following diterpenoid treatment. Similarly, pulmonary IL-4 and plasmatic IgE levels were not modulated. Conversely, Salvinorin A significantly reduced LTC4 production in the lung of sensitized mice. Finally mast cell activity was evaluated by means of toluidine blue staining. Data obtained evidenced that Salvinorin A significantly inhibited mast cell degranulation in the lung. Our study demonstrates that Salvinorin A inhibits airway hyperreactivity induced by sensitization by inhibition of LT production and mast cell degranulation. In conclusion Salvinorin A could represent a promising candidate for drug development in allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Bilancia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Maria A Riemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Jordan K Zjawiony
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi University, MS, USA
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIPortici, Italy
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Rossi A, Pace S, Tedesco F, Pagano E, Guerra G, Troisi F, Werner M, Roviezzo F, Zjawiony JK, Werz O, Izzo AA, Capasso R. The hallucinogenic diterpene salvinorin A inhibits leukotriene synthesis in experimental models of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2016; 106:64-71. [PMID: 26859523 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) involved in a number of autoimmune/inflammatory disorders including asthma, allergic rhinitis and cardiovascular diseases. Salvinorin A (SA), a diterpene isolated from the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum, is a well-established analgesic compound, but its anti-inflammatory properties are under-researched and its effects on LT production is unknown to date. Here, we studied the possible effect of SA on LT production and verified its actions on experimental models of inflammation in which LTs play a prominent role. Peritoneal macrophages (PM) stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 were chosen as in vitro system to evaluate the effect of SA on LT production. Zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice and carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats were selected as LT-related models to evaluate the effect of SA on inflammation as well as on LT biosynthesis. SA inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, A23187-induced LTB4 biosynthesis in isolated PM. In zymosan-induced peritonitis, SA inhibited cell infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, vascular permeability and LTC4 production in the peritoneal cavity without decreasing the production of prostaglandin E2. In carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats, a more sophisticated model of acute inflammation related to LTs, SA significantly inhibited LTB4 production in the inflammatory exudates, along with reducing the phlogistic process in the lung. In conclusion, SA inhibited LT production and it was effective in experimental models of inflammation in which LTs play a pivotal role. SA might be considered as a lead compound for the development of drugs useful in LTs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy; Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena, Germany.
| | - Federica Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Troisi
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena, Germany.
| | - Markus Werner
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena, Germany.
| | - Fiorentina Roviezzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jordan K Zjawiony
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, Jena, Germany.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy.
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Sharma C, Sadek B, Goyal SN, Sinha S, Kamal MA, Ojha S. Small Molecules from Nature Targeting G-Protein Coupled Cannabinoid Receptors: Potential Leads for Drug Discovery and Development. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:238482. [PMID: 26664449 PMCID: PMC4664820 DOI: 10.1155/2015/238482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cannabinoid molecules are derived from Cannabis sativa plant which acts on the cannabinoid receptors types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) which have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development. Currently, there are numerous cannabinoid based synthetic drugs used in clinical practice like the popular ones such as nabilone, dronabinol, and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol mediates its action through CB1/CB2 receptors. However, these synthetic based Cannabis derived compounds are known to exert adverse psychiatric effect and have also been exploited for drug abuse. This encourages us to find out an alternative and safe drug with the least psychiatric adverse effects. In recent years, many phytocannabinoids have been isolated from plants other than Cannabis. Several studies have shown that these phytocannabinoids show affinity, potency, selectivity, and efficacy towards cannabinoid receptors and inhibit endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes, thus reducing hyperactivity of endocannabinoid systems. Also, these naturally derived molecules possess the least adverse effects opposed to the synthetically derived cannabinoids. Therefore, the plant based cannabinoid molecules proved to be promising and emerging therapeutic alternative. The present review provides an overview of therapeutic potential of ligands and plants modulating cannabinoid receptors that may be of interest to pharmaceutical industry in search of new and safer drug discovery and development for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur, Mahrastra 425405, India
| | - Satyesh Sinha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Guida F, Luongo L, Marmo F, Romano R, Iannotta M, Napolitano F, Belardo C, Marabese I, D'Aniello A, De Gregorio D, Rossi F, Piscitelli F, Lattanzi R, de Bartolomeis A, Usiello A, Di Marzo V, de Novellis V, Maione S. Palmitoylethanolamide reduces pain-related behaviors and restores glutamatergic synapses homeostasis in the medial prefrontal cortex of neuropathic mice. Mol Brain 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 26260027 PMCID: PMC4532244 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced supraspinal glutamate levels following nerve injury are associated with pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for neuropathic pain. Chronic pain can interfere with specific brain areas involved in glutamate-dependent neuropsychological processes, such as cognition, memory, and decision-making. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to play a critical role in pain-related depression and anxiety, which are frequent co-morbidities of chronic pain. Using an animal model of spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve, we assess bio-molecular modifications in glutamatergic synapses in the mPFC that underlie neuropathic pain-induced plastic changes at 30 days post-surgery. Moreover, we examine the effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administration on pain-related behaviours, as well as the cortical biochemical and morphological changes that occur in SNI animals. RESULTS At 1 month, SNI was associated with mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, as well as depression-like behaviour, cognitive impairments, and obsessive-compulsive activities. Moreover, we observed an overall glutamate synapse modification in the mPFC, characterized by changes in synaptic density proteins and amino acid levels. Finally, with regard to the resolution of pain and depressive-like syndrome in SNI mice, PEA restored the glutamatergic synapse proteins and changes in amino acid release. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential role of the mPFC in pain mechanisms, our findings may provide novel insights into neuropathic pain forebrain processes and indicate PEA as a new pharmacological tool to treat neuropathic pain and the related negative affective states. Graphical Abstract Palmitoylethanolamide: a new pharmacological tool to treat neuropathic pain and the related negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Marmo
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - R Romano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Napolitano
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - C Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - I Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A D'Aniello
- Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy
| | - D De Gregorio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - R Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A de Bartolomeis
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Usiello
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - V de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - S Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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D-aspartate modulates nociceptive-specific neuron activity and pain threshold in inflammatory and neuropathic pain condition in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:905906. [PMID: 25629055 PMCID: PMC4299315 DOI: 10.1155/2015/905906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is a free D-amino acid found in the mammalian brain with a temporal-dependent concentration based on the postnatal expression of its metabolizing enzyme D-aspartate oxidase (DDO). D-Asp acts as an agonist on NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Accordingly, high levels of D-Asp in knockout mice for Ddo gene (Ddo (-/-)) or in mice treated with D-Asp increase NMDAR-dependent processes. We have here evaluated in Ddo (-/-) mice the effect of high levels of free D-Asp on the long-term plastic changes along the nociceptive pathway occurring in chronic and acute pain condition. We found that Ddo (-/-) mice show an increased evoked activity of the nociceptive specific (NS) neurons of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L4-L6) and a significant decrease of mechanical and thermal thresholds, as compared to control mice. Moreover, Ddo gene deletion exacerbated the nocifensive responses in the formalin test and slightly reduced pain thresholds in neuropathic mice up to 7 days after chronic constriction injury. These findings suggest that the NMDAR agonist, D-Asp, may play a role in the regulation of NS neuron electrophysiological activity and behavioral responses in physiological and pathological pain conditions.
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PC1, a non-peptide PKR1-preferring antagonist, reduces pain behavior and spinal neuronal sensitization in neuropathic mice. Pharmacol Res 2015; 91:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sałaga M, Polepally PR, Sobczak M, Grzywacz D, Kamysz W, Sibaev A, Storr M, Do Rego JC, Zjawiony JK, Fichna J. Novel orally available salvinorin A analog PR-38 inhibits gastrointestinal motility and reduces abdominal pain in mouse models mimicking irritable bowel syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:69-78. [PMID: 24891526 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid and cannabinoid systems play a crucial role in multiple physiological processes in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Selective opioid as well as cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists exert a potent inhibitory action on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and pain. In this study, we examined (in vitro and in vivo) whether PR-38 (2-O-cinnamoylsalvinorin B), a novel analog of salvinorin A, can interact with both systems and demonstrate therapeutic effects. We used mouse models of hypermotility, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. We also assessed the influence of PR-38 on the central nervous system by measurement of motoric parameters and exploratory behaviors in mice. Subsequently, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of PR-38 in mouse blood samples after intraperitoneal and oral administration. PR-38 significantly inhibited mouse colonic motility in vitro and in vivo. Administration of PR-38 significantly prolonged the whole GI transit time, and this effect was mediated by µ- and κ-opioid receptors and the CB1 receptor. PR-38 reversed hypermotility and reduced pain in mouse models mimicking functional GI disorders. These data expand our understanding of the interactions between opioid and cannabinoid systems and their functions in the GI tract. We also provide a novel framework for the development of future potential treatments of functional GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sałaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - P R Polepally
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - M Sobczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - D Grzywacz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - W Kamysz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - A Sibaev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - M Storr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - J C Do Rego
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - J K Zjawiony
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.Sa., M.So., J.F.); Department of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (P.R.P., J.K.Z.); Research and Development Laboratory, Lipopharm.pl, Zblewo, Poland (D.G.); Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland (W.K.); Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany (A.S., M.St.); and Platform of Behavioural Analysis, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rouen, Rouen Cedex, France (J.C.D.R.)
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Luongo L, Guida F, Imperatore R, Napolitano F, Gatta L, Cristino L, Giordano C, Siniscalco D, Di Marzo V, Bellini G, Petrelli R, Cappellacci L, Usiello A, de Novellis V, Rossi F, Maione S. The A1 adenosine receptor as a new player in microglia physiology. Glia 2014; 62:122-32. [PMID: 24272707 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic system is highly involved in the regulation of microglial physiological processes. In addition to the accepted roles for the P2 X4,7 and P2 Y12 receptors activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate, respectively, recent evidence suggests a role for the adenosine A2A receptor in microglial cytoskeletal rearrangements. However, the expression and function of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) in microglia is still unclear. Several reports have demonstrated possible expression of A1AR in microglia, but a new study has refuted such evidence. In this study, we investigated the presence and function of A1AR in microglia using biomolecular techniques, live microscopy, live calcium imaging, and in vivo electrophysiological approaches. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of A1AR in microglia and to highlight its possible roles. We found that microglia express A1AR and that it is highly upregulated upon ATP treatment. Moreover, we observed that selective stimulation of A1AR inhibits the morphological activation of microglia, possibly by suppressing the Ca(2+) influx induced by ATP treatment. Finally, we recorded the spontaneous and evoked activity of spinal nociceptive-specific neuron before and after application of resting or ATP-treated microglia, with or without preincubation with a selective A1AR agonist. We found that the microglial cells, pretreated with the A1AR agonist, exhibit lower capability to facilitate the nociceptive neurons, as compared with the cells treated with ATP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Casselman I, Nock CJ, Wohlmuth H, Weatherby RP, Heinrich M. From local to global-fifty years of research on Salvia divinorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:768-783. [PMID: 24315983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In 1962 ethnopharmacologists, Hofmann and Wasson, undertook an expedition to Oaxaca, Mexico. These two researchers were the first scientists to collect a flowering specimen of Salvia divinorum allowing the identification of this species. While the species' traditional use is confined to a very small region of Mexico, since Hofmann and Wasson's expedition 50 years ago, Salvia divinorum has become globally recognized for its main active constituent, the diterpene salvinorin A, which has a unique effect on human physiology. Salvinorin A is a kappa-opioid agonist and the first reported psychoactive diterpene. METHODS This review concentrates on the investigation of Salvia divinorum over the last 50 years including ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, taxonomy, systematics, genetics, chemistry and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research. For the purpose of this review, online search engines were used to find relevant research. Searches were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 using the search term "Salvia divinorum". Papers were excluded if they described synthetic chemical synthesis of salvinorin A or analogues. RESULTS Ethnobotanically there is a comprehensive body of research describing the traditional Mazatec use of the plant, however, the modern ethnobotanical use of this plant is not well documented. There are a limited number of botanical investigations into this plant and there are still several aspects of the botany of Salvia divinorum which need further investigation. One study has investigated the phylogenetic relationship of Salvia divinorum to other species in the genus. To date the main focus of chemistry research on Salvia divinorum has been salvinorin A, the main active compound in Salvia divinorum, and other related diterpenoids. Finally, the effects of salvinorin A, a KOR agonist, have primarily been investigated using animal models. CONCLUSIONS As Salvia divinorum use increases worldwide, the emerging cultural use patterns will warrant more research. More botanical information is also needed to better understand this species, including germination, pollination vector and a better understanding of the endemic environment of Salvia divinorum. As well there is a gap in the genetic knowledge of this species and very little is known about its intra-species genetics. The terpenes in Salvia divinorum are very well documented, however, other classes of constituents in this species warrant further investigation and identification. To date, the majority of the pharmacology research on Salvia divinorum has focused on the effects of salvinorin A using animal models. Published human studies have not reported any harmful effects when salvinorin A is administered within the dose range of 0.375-21µg/kg but what are the implications when applied to a larger population? More data on the toxicology and safety of Salvia divinorum are needed before larger scale clinical trials of the potential therapeutic effects of Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A are undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Casselman
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Catherine J Nock
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Hans Wohlmuth
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Robert P Weatherby
- Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Sq. London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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