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Jaiswal V, Lee MJ, Chun JL, Park M, Lee HJ. 1-Deoxynojirimycin containing Morus alba leaf-based food modulates the gut microbiome and expression of genes related to obesity. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:133. [PMID: 38570815 PMCID: PMC10988916 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious disease with an alarmingly high incidence that can lead to other complications in both humans and dogs. Similar to humans, obesity can cause metabolic diseases such as diabetes in dogs. Natural products may be the preferred intervention for metabolic diseases such as obesity. The compound 1-deoxynojirimycin, present in Morus leaves and other sources has antiobesity effects. The possible antiobesity effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin containing Morus alba leaf-based food was studied in healthy companion dogs (n = 46) visiting the veterinary clinic without a history of diseases. Body weight, body condition score (BCS), blood-related parameters, and other vital parameters of the dogs were studied. Whole-transcriptome of blood and gut microbiome analysis was also carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms of action and role of changes in the gut microbiome due to treatment. RESULTS After 90 days of treatment, a significant antiobesity effect of the treatment food was observed through the reduction of weight, BCS, and blood-related parameters. A whole-transcriptome study revealed differentially expressed target genes important in obesity and diabetes-related pathways such as MLXIPL, CREB3L1, EGR1, ACTA2, SERPINE1, NOTCH3, and CXCL8. Gut microbiome analysis also revealed a significant difference in alpha and beta-diversity parameters in the treatment group. Similarly, the microbiota known for their health-promoting effects such as Lactobacillus ruminis, and Weissella hellenica were abundant (increased) in the treatment group. The predicted functional pathways related to obesity were also differentially abundant between groups. CONCLUSIONS 1-Deoxynojirimycin-containing treatment food have been shown to significantly improve obesity. The identified genes, pathways, and gut microbiome-related results may be pursued in further studies to develop 1-deoxynojirimycin-based products as candidates against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- Department of Companion Animal Industry, College of Health Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Paulo RR, Galvão VE, da Silva GG, Porto LP, Tonossu JM, Gandolfi MB, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Takahira RK, Rahal SC, Melchert A. Myeloperoxidase enzyme and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power concentrations in lean and obese dogs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Marchi PH, Vendramini THA, Perini MP, Zafalon RVA, Amaral AR, Ochamotto VA, Da Silveira JC, Dagli MLZ, Brunetto MA. Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1004122. [PMID: 36262532 PMCID: PMC9573962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1004122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in dogs has increased in recent decades, establishing cancer as a significant cause of death for these animals. In the same way, intensive advances in technology in the field of human and veterinary medicine (which even proposes the use of animal models) have optimized existing therapeutic methods, led to the development of innovative treatments, and shortened the time to diagnosis of cancer. Despite the great challenges, this review aims to highlight the evidence obtained to date on the association between obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs, and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that link obesity and carcinogenesis. The potential to control cancer in animals using existing knowledge is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Thiago H. A. Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Perini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. A. Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa R. Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A. Ochamotto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular, Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil,Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marcio A. Brunetto
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Turner RBS, Tyrrell D, Hepworth G, Dunshea FR, Mansfield CS. Compartmental fat distribution in the abdomen of dogs relative to overall body fat composition. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:104. [PMID: 32228685 PMCID: PMC7106746 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue may have different metabolic and endocrine functions depending on the region of the body in which it is located. While visceral or intra-abdominal fat has been found to contribute to leptin concentrations, insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases, there are only a few imaging studies documenting the preferential distribution of body fat to either the intra-abdominal or subcutaneous compartments in dogs. This study aimed to determine if CT-measured abdominal fat distributed preferentially to the visceral space (V) relative to the subcutaneous space (SQ), with increasing DXA-determined total body fat percentage; and if ultrasound measurements of the ventral midline subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose thickness (VAT) can be used to estimate the distribution of fat to the subcutaneous and visceral abdominal spaces, in a sample of 22 dogs with variable body condition. Results Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/SQ) and increasing total body fat percentage (β = − 0.07, p = 0.733), but strong correlation with age (β = 0.71 p = 0.002). A substantial amount of variation for the ultrasound visceral adipose thickness to subcutaneous fat thickness (VAT/SAT) could be explained by both CT V/SQ and sex (R2Adjusted = 0.477, p = 0.001), with female dogs having significant lower VAT/SAT ratios compared to the male dogs (p = 0.047). The ultrasound fat measurements appeared moderately reliable, but a larger sample number is required to confirm this. Conclusions The findings suggest that dogs with a relatively healthy to slightly overweight body condition score, distribute fat relatively similarly between their peritoneal (visceral) and subcutaneous abdominal compartments with increasing total body fat percentage. However, there was increased fat distribution to the peritoneal space relative to the subcutaneous space with increasing age. Further, abdominal ultrasound may be useful in estimating the ratio of fat distribution to both the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Turner
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - D Tyrrell
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - G Hepworth
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, 139 Barry Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - C S Mansfield
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Nagao I, Ohno K, Nagahara T, Yokoyama N, Nakagawa T, Fujiwara R, Yamamoto K, Goto-Koshino Y, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of visceral fat mass in dogs by computed tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1552-1557. [PMID: 31554745 PMCID: PMC6895622 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In human medicine, computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for visceral fat measurement. Research shows that the visceral fat area (VFA) of the umbilical slice is significantly
correlated with the visceral fat volume (VFV). In veterinary medicine, however, few studies have evaluated visceral fat using CT. This study aimed to evaluate the visceral fat in dogs using
CT images, and determine if the slice significantly correlated with VFV to simplify visceral fat measurements. This retrospective study includes data on 90 dogs that underwent whole-body CT
scans for diagnostic purposes. VFV was calculated as the product of VFA and thickness in each CT slice; the correlation between VFV and VFA was analyzed at the level of each lumbar vertebra.
Visceral fat percentage (VF%) was calculated as the ratio of the product of VFV and fat density to the body weight. Visceral fat area percentage (VFA%) was calculated as the ratio of VFA to
the body area, and its correlation with the VF% and the body condition score (BCS) was analyzed. VFA was highly correlated with VFV at the level of each lumbar vertebra, with the highest
correlation (r=0.964) at the L3 level. VFA% was significantly correlated with VF% (r=0.930) and weakly correlated with BCS (r=0.523). This study demonstrates that it is sufficient to use
only the L3 slice for visceral fat evaluation and that the evaluation can be based on VFA% of the L3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takuro Nagahara
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Reina Fujiwara
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kie Yamamoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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O’Neill DG, Butcher C, Church DB, Brodbelt DC, Gough AG. Miniature Schnauzers under primary veterinary care in the UK in 2013: demography, mortality and disorders. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2019; 6:1. [PMID: 30783533 PMCID: PMC6376765 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-019-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual dog breeds are often reported as predisposed to specific breed-related disorders but reliable epidemiological data on disease prevalence are sparse. The Miniature Schnauzer in the UK is a popular small breed dog that is often considered as relatively healthy and long-lived, but is this really true? This study aimed to use data from the VetCompass™ Programme at the Royal Veterinary College to characterise the demography, mortality and common disorders of the general population of Miniature Schnauzers under veterinary care in the UK. RESULTS The study population of 455,557 dogs from 304 clinics in the VetCompass™ database under veterinary care during 2013 included 3857 Miniature Schnauzers (0.85%). For dogs with data available, 1771 (56.9%) were neutered and 1893 (49.2%) were females. Mean adult bodyweight overall was 9.9 kg (SD 2.2 kg) and median longevity was 11.6 years (IQR 9.3-13.1, range 0.5-17.0). The most prevalent fine-level precision disorders recorded were periodontal disease (n = 343, prevalence 17.4, 95% CI: 15.7-19.1), obesity/overweight (164, 8.3, 95% CI: 7.1-9.6), anal sac impaction (114, 5.8, 95% CI: 4.8-6.9), vomiting (100, 5.1, 95% CI% 4.1-6.1) and otitis externa (99, 5.0, 95% CI% 4.1-6.1). The most prevalent grouped-level precision disorders were dental (n = 378, prevalence: 19.2, 95% CI: 17.5-21.0), enteropathy (270, 13.7, 95% CI: 12.2-15.3), cutaneous (250, 12.7, 95% CI: 11.2-14.2) and aural (197, 10.0, 95% CI: 8.7-11.4). CONCLUSIONS This study provides generalisable evidence on the demography, longevity and most prevalent disorders in the Miniature Schnauzer breed in the UK. Awareness of common diseases and breed predispositions can support evidence-based policies to improve breed health, guide veterinary surgeons when producing differential diagnosis lists, and assist owners when purchasing or caring for their pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G. O’Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Charlotte Butcher
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - David B. Church
- Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Dave C. Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - Alex G. Gough
- Bath Veterinary Referrals, Rosemary Lodge, Wellsway, Bath, BA2 5RL UK
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Turner RBS, Hepworth G, Wilson K, Tyrrell D, Dunshea FR, Mansfield CS. Abdominal volume computed tomography assessment of body composition in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:21. [PMID: 30621710 PMCID: PMC6325834 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT) has been used to estimate body composition and determine tissue distribution in dogs, despite limited validation. This may introduce error into estimates of body composition studies and its effect on health in dogs. Further, the modality has not been validated against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or over a wide range of dog breeds, ages and sexes. The objective of this study was to validate the use of semi-automated, abdominal volume CT for estimating total body composition of dogs relative to DXA. Twenty-two staff-owned dogs (weighing between 5.1-60 kg) were sedated and underwent full body DXA scan and abdominal CT. Abdominal tissue composition was estimated by CT using semi-automated volume segmentation, over predetermined tissue Hounsfield threshold values. Abdominal tissue composition determined by the various CT threshold ranges was compared to total body composition determined by DXA. Results Abdominal tissue composition estimated by CT strongly correlated with the estimates derived from DXA with a small Bland-Altman mean percentage differences in values: total body mass (− 250/2000HU: r2 = 0.985; − 1.10%); total fat mass (− 250/-25HU: r2 = 0.981; − 1.90%); total lean tissue mass (− 25/150HU: r2 = 0.972; 3.47%); and total bone mineral content (150/2000HU: r2 = 0.900; − 0.87%). Although averaged CT values compared well to DXA analysis, there was moderate variation in the individual predicted values. There was near perfect inter- and intra-observer agreement in segmentation volumes for abdominal fat. Conclusions Abdominal volume computed tomography (CT) accurately and reliably estimates total body composition in dogs, but greater variations may be observed in dogs weighing less than 10 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Turner
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - G Hepworth
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, 139 Barry Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - K Wilson
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - D Tyrrell
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - C S Mansfield
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Kim D, Noh D, Oh T, Lee K. Body fat assessment by computed tomography and radiography in normal Beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1380-1384. [PMID: 30089735 PMCID: PMC6160875 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among body condition score (BCS), radiography, and computed tomography (CT), and to establish a method for body fat assessment
on CT in dogs. Thirty eight Beagles with 2 to 7 BCS were examined. Subcutaneous fat thickness (ST) on radiograph and body area (BA), total fat area (TA), subcutaneous fat area (SA), and
visceral fat area (VA) on CT were measured at the level of L3 and L6 vertebra. Ratios of each value to the L6 length were obtained (rST, rTA, rSA,
rVA) and the correlations with BCS were estimated. The value of VA/SA, VA/TA, TA/BA, VA/BA, and SA/BA were selected for measuring fat and the correlations with BCS were
estimated. The rST, rTA, rSA, and rVA were significantly correlated with BCS, and the rTA and rSA were significantly
correlated with rST. At the level of L3, rTA and rVA had stronger relationships with BCS than at L6 while rSA had a higher correlation with BCS at
L6. The TA/BA, VA/BA, and SA/BA were significantly correlated with BCS, and the upper limits were 15.11, 6.31, and 8.92%, respectively. Our results showed that CT could be useful to assess
body fat and TA/BA, VA/BA, and SA/BA are suitable criteria for measuring fat on CT. In addition, L3 was a more suitable location for evaluating total and visceral fat, and L6 was more
suitable for evaluating subcutaneous fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Daji Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Taeho Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kija Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Effects of body fat mass and therapeutic weight loss on vitamin D status in privately owned adult dogs. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e17. [PMID: 29721315 PMCID: PMC5921043 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one-third of humans and companion dogs in Western societies are overweight or obese. In people, vitamin D deficiency is widespread and associated with obesity, a now recognised inflammatory state. Low vitamin D status occurs in dogs with inflammatory conditions, but its relationship with obesity has not been investigated. In otherwise healthy privately owned adult dogs of ideal body condition (control, n 7) and dogs with overweight to obese body condition (treatment, n 8), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and body composition as inferred from 2H-labelled water dilution space were evaluated. Subsequently, the dogs were transitioned to a commercial canine therapeutic weight-loss diet; control dogs were fed to maintain body weight and treatment dogs were energy-restricted to achieve a safe weight-loss rate. Thereafter, serum 25(OH)D concentration was re-evaluated 8 weeks after diet transition, and at the study end, which was 6 months or when ideal body condition was achieved. At study end, body composition analysis was repeated. Initial body condition scores and percentage body fat were positively correlated (ρ = 0·891; P < 0·001). However, percentage body fat and serum 25(OH)D concentration were not significantly correlated. Final serum 25(OH)D concentrations were greater (P < 0·05) than initial concentrations for control and treatment groups, indicating a diet but not weight-loss effect on vitamin D status. These findings suggest that vitamin D status of dogs is not affected by obesity or loss of body fat with therapeutic weight reduction.
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Key Words
- 24,25(OH)2D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
- Adiposity
- BCS, body condition score
- BF%, body fat percentage
- BF, body fat
- BFM, body fat mass
- BLM, body lean mass
- BW, body weight
- Canine weight loss
- Cholecalciferol
- NRC RA, National Research Council recommended allowance
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Ultrasonographic measurements of localized fat accumulation in Shetland pony mares fed a normal v. a high energy diet for 2 years. Animal 2018; 12:1602-1610. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Bahamondes F, Flores E, Cattaneo G, Bruna F, Conget P. Omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of canine Mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:166. [PMID: 28595579 PMCID: PMC5465460 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary medicine. Currently the subcutaneous adipose tissue is the leading source of MSCs in dogs. MSCs derived from distinct fat depots have shown dissimilarities in their accessibility and therapeutic potential. The aims of our work were to determine the suitability of omental adipose tissue as a source of MSCs, according to sampling success, cell yield and paracrine properties of isolated cells, and compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results While sampling success of omental adipose tissue was 100% (14 collections from14 donors) for subcutaneous adipose tissue it was 71% (10 collections from 14 donors). MSCs could be isolated from both sources. Cell yield was significantly higher for omental than for subcutaneous adipose tissue (38 ± 1 vs. 30 ± 1 CFU-F/g tissue, p < 0.0001). No differences were observed between sources regarding cell proliferation potential (73 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 1 CDPL) and cell senescence (at passage 10, both cultures presented enlarged cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and cellular debris). Omental- and subcutaneous-derived MSCs expressed at the same level bFGF, PDGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG1 and IL-10. Irrespective of the source, isolated MSCs induced proliferation, migration and vascularization of target cells, and inhibited the activation of T lymphocytes. Conclusion Compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of MSCs in dogs. Since it can be procured from donors with any body condition, its collection procedure is always feasible, its cell yield is high and the MSCs isolated from it have desirable differentiation and paracrine potentials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1053-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Bahamondes
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Estefania Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Cattaneo
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Bruna
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
| | - Paulette Conget
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
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Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides in Dogs with Different Body Scores. Vet Med Int 2016; 2016:8675283. [PMID: 28058131 PMCID: PMC5183795 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8675283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the frequency for the occurrence of MS in dogs, using the criteria determined, and to correlate the criteria of dogs that would characterize the MS with different body condition score (BCS). 271 dogs with different body scores were studied, with 101 dogs with BCS 4-5; 101 dogs with BCS 6-7; and 69 dogs with BCS 8-9. Among the dogs studied, 62 (22,87%) had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. Of these, 28 had BCS 6-7, while 34 dogs had BCS 8-9. Therefore, 27,72% of overweight dogs had inclusion criteria for MS and 49,27% of obese ones had two or more inclusion criteria for MS. When only overweight and obese dogs were considered as a total population, it was observed that 36,47% got inclusion criteria for the MS. No dog with BCS 4-5 showed two or more inclusion criteria for MS. The metabolic syndrome, according to the parameters for inclusion defined in the literature, was observed in 22,87% of the animals studied and in 36% of dogs overweight or obese. Furthermore, MS was most common in obese (49%) compared to overweight dogs (27%).
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Wynn SG, Witzel AL, Bartges JW, Moyers TS, Kirk CA. Prevalence of asymptomatic urinary tract infections in morbidly obese dogs. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1711. [PMID: 26989606 PMCID: PMC4793314 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in dogs and, as in humans, cost of care has increased due to associated comorbidities. In humans, asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) may be more prevalent in the obese. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) is the term used when UTI are asymptomatic. We hypothesized that morbidly obese dogs are similarly more likely to have asymptomatic bacteriuria than lean, overweight, and moderately obese dogs. Methods. A retrospective study was undertaken to explore a possible association between obesity and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Records from lean, overweight, and obese dogs receiving both a dual energy absorptiometry (DXA) scan and urine culture were included. Results. Six positive urine cultures were identified among 46 dogs fulfilling search criteria. All six positive cultures were found in dogs with body fat percentage of >45%. In dogs with body fat percentage of <45%, there were no positive urine cultures. Discussion. There was an increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the morbidly obese dogs in this study compared to those that were lean, overweight, or moderately obese. Whether antibiotic therapy is necessary in such cases is still being debated, but because asymptomatic bacteriuria may be associated with ascending infections, uroliths, or other complications, the data reported herein support the screening of obese patients for bacteriuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Wynn
- BluePearl Georgia Veterinary Specialists, Sandy Springs, GA, USA; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Angela L Witzel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Joseph W Bartges
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Cornell University Veterinary Specialists , Stamford, CT , USA
| | - Tamberlyn S Moyers
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Claudia A Kirk
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
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