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Oyapero A, Erinoso O, Olatosi OO. Adolescents' exposure to secondhand smoke and its association with susceptibility to smoking and mental health in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 44:202. [PMID: 37484581 PMCID: PMC10362663 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.202.35973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction this study assessed the relationship between exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) and its association with self-reported anxiety, depression and susceptibility to smoking among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods depression among study subjects was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) was used to determine anxiety levels. Susceptibility to smoking cigarettes was also determined while the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 26.0 software was used for data analysis. Significant associations were determined at P-values <0.05. Results of the 300 adolescents surveyed (mean age 12.9±1.43), 7.6 % were regularly exposed to SHS, of which 3.0% were daily exposed to SHS indoors. In multivariable analyses, indoor SHS exposure for ≥ 1 hour daily was associated with increased odds for susceptibility to smoking (AOR=3.793; 95%-CI: 0.98-14.60; p= 0.052) and increased odds for depression (AOR=1.303; 95%-CI: 0.84-2.01; p= 0.228) and slightly reduced odds for anxiety (AOR=0.952; 95%-CI: 0.62-1.47; p=0.822). Conclusion secondhand smoking exposure was associated with higher odds of susceptibility to smoking cigarettes and depression among adolescents exposed to SHS, especially among females living in cramped accommodations. Further validation of these findings should however be determined by cohort study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Erinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Olamide Olatosi
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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2
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Folayan MO, Alade O, Adeyemo Y, Sabbagh HJ, Oyapero A, Oziegbe EO, Popoola BO, Quritum M, El Tantawi M. Differences in risk indicators associated with electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking among adolescents and young people in Nigeria. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001285. [PMID: 36109086 PMCID: PMC9478830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study determined the proportion of adolescents and young persons (AYP) in Nigeria who use e-cigarettes and smoke tobacco; and identified factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Methods AYP aged 11–23 years were recruited to participate in an online survey. The independent variables were respondents’ health, HIV and COVID-19 status and their level of anxiety. The dependent variables were tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, educational level and vulnerability status). Results There were 2206 respondents of which 568 (19.8%) used e-cigarettes and 787 (27.4%) smoked tobacco. Individual (18–23 years, having a health condition, high anxiety and being vulnerable) and familial (having father, mother, siblings or friends who used e-cigarettes) factors were associated with both the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking was a significant risk indicator for e-cigarettes use and vice versa. COVID-19 infection (adjusted OR, AOR: 3.602) and living with HIV (AOR: 1.898) were associated with higher odds of using e-cigarettes. Males (AOR: 1.577), 15–17 years (AOR: 6.621) and moderate anxiety (AOR: 2.500) were associated with higher odds of tobacco smoking. AYP with health conditions had higher odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 1.514) while AYP with moderate anxiety had lower odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 0.627). Conclusion The proportion of AYP in Nigeria who used e-cigarettes and smoked tobacco is high. Public health interventions that target the common risk factors for e-cigarettes use and tobacco smoking among AYP in Nigeria are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omolola Alade
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yewande Adeyemo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Preventive Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Dental School, Dundee University, UK
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ojo, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Yzer M, Rhodes K, Nagler RH, Joseph A. Effects of culturally tailored smoking prevention and cessation messages on urban American Indian youth. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101540. [PMID: 34976614 PMCID: PMC8683983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
American Indian youth participated in a community-engaged experiment. Participants viewed a comparison message or one of two antismoking messages. Antismoking messages either used a culturally relevant argument or a health outcomes argument. The message with a cultural argument moved AI youth who had ever smoked to a more negative stance towards smoking. Cultural arguments are useful for encouraging American Indian youth not to smoke.
American Indians (AI) face significant disparities in smoking-related diseases. In addition, smoking prevalence increases exponentially between ages 11 and 18. Smoking prevention and cessation efforts aimed at AI youth therefore are important. In order to strengthen understanding of evidence-based message strategies for smoking prevention and cessation among AI youth. The objective of this study was to test whether a message that was tailored to AI cultural values associated with the sacredness of traditional tobacco can change variables that behavioral theories have identified as predictors of smoking (i.e., instrumental and experiential attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, perceived capacity and autonomy, and intention with respect to smoking). We conducted a randomized field experiment among 300 never-smoking and ever-smoking urban AI youth in Minneapolis-Saint Paul between May 18 and July 27, 2019. We used a 3 (message condition: cultural benefits of not smoking cigarettes, health benefits of not smoking cigarettes, comparison message about benefits of healthy eating) × 2 (smoking status: ever-smoked, never-smoked) between-subjects design. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that for ever-smokers, the cultural consequences of smoking message significantly lowered instrumental attitude (partial eta2 = 0.029), experiential attitude (partial eta2 = 0.041), perceived capacity (partial eta2 = 0.051), and smoking intention (partial eta2 = 0.035) compared to the healthy eating comparison message and the health consequences of smoking message. This was not observed among never-smokers, who already had very negative smoking perceptions. We conclude that messages that tailor to AI culture may be effective tools for discouraging smoking among AI youth.
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4
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Weemer MM, Ketner MA, Crecelius SA. Exploring knowledge, beliefs and behaviors of parents regarding teen electronic cigarette use. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33681538 PMCID: PMC7923251 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/132225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Weemer
- Department of Health Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, United States
| | - Melissa A Ketner
- Department of Social Work, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States
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5
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Investigating the role of familial and peer-related factors on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among U.S. adolescents. J Adolesc 2021; 87:98-105. [PMID: 33548695 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a public health concern, and adolescents are at an increased risk of starting and continuing to use tobacco relative to other age groups. Parent involvement and other social environmental factors may influence the development and persistence of tobacco use behaviors in adolescence. This study used the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study data set, and responses from 7025 adolescent participants were analyzed to illustrate the longitudinal relationship between social environment influences and use of adolescent electronic nicotine delivery systems (i.e., ENDS). METHODS Social environmental factors were assessed at Wave 3 and then compared to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) status transitions (i.e., initiation, expansion, persistence) at follow-up. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Initiation and persistence of ENDS use were associated with tobacco availability in the house, perception of having no adverse parent reaction to discovering ENDS use and having a best friend who uses ENDS. Initiation of ENDS use was further associated with having biological relatives who have ever been diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) and persistence of ENDS use was also positively associated with lack of in-house rules. Parents talking about ENDS use with adolescents had no association across all three outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that parental and environmental factors alter the risk of initiation and persistence of ENDS and tobacco use in adolescents, and these should be considered when working with this at-risk population.
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Ebrahimi Kalan M, Bursac Z, Behaleh R, Jebai R, Osibogun O, Gautam P, Li W, Anderson T, Rahman A, Ward KD, Ben Taleb Z. Nicotine-naïve adolescents who live with tobacco products users, 2018 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:265-269. [PMID: 33300465 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1856299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with living with tobacco/nicotine product users among nicotine-naïve adolescents. METHODS Data were from the 2018 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey that included 34,183 adolescents who were never-tobacco product users and provided information about living with tobacco/nicotine users. RESULTS More than a quarter of adolescents lived with a tobacco/nicotine user. Girls were more likely than boys and middle-schoolers were more likely than high-schoolers to live with someone who uses cigarettes, cigars, and poly-tobacco. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics were less likely to live with someone who uses cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems, cigars, and poly-tobacco. Adolescents who reported currently having asthma were more likely to report living with someone who smokes cigarettes, hookah, and poly tobacco. CONCLUSIONS To reduce and ideally eliminate exposure to smoke/aerosol emitted from tobacco products in nicotine-naïve adolescents, individual and family-centered interventions, coupled with state-wide tobacco prevention strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Raed Behaleh
- School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Rime Jebai
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Abir Rahman
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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7
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Targeting cognitive and emotional regulatory skills for smoking prevention in low-SES youth: A randomized trial of mindfulness and working memory interventions. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106262. [PMID: 31918169 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research to date provides striking evidence that youth from low socio-economic status (SES) households are at an increased risk for smoking. Converging evidence from developmental studies, psychopathology studies, intervention studies, and basic research on self-control abilities have identified working memory and distress tolerance as potential crucial modifiable risk factors to prevent smoking onset in this cohort. To confirm the value of these mechanistic targets, this randomized trial was designed to evaluate the influence of working memory and distress tolerance interventions on risk of smoking initiation. Recruiting primarily from low-income community afternoon programs, we randomized 93 adolescents to one of three intervention conditions, all of which were a prelude to a smoking-prevention informational intervention: (1) a working memory intervention, (2) a mindfulness training intervention to target distress tolerance, and (3) a wellness-focused control condition. Despite a number of adherence efforts, engagement in treatment was limited, and under these conditions no significant evidence was found either for differential efficacy for smoking prevention or for intervention effects on mechanistic targets. However, working memory capacity and distress tolerance were found to be negatively related to smoking propensity. As such, our mechanistic targets-working memory and distress tolerance--may well be processes undergirding smoking, despite the fact that our interventions did not adequately engage these targets.
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8
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The visibility of smoking in Europe and its relationship with youth's positive beliefs about smoking. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:1335-1344. [PMID: 31486855 PMCID: PMC6868106 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine adolescent-reported visibility of smoking in different public and private spaces in Europe and associations between smoking visibility and beliefs about the benefits of smoking. Methods We used SILNE-R cross-sectional survey data (2016/2017) of 10,798 14–16-year-old students from 55 secondary schools in seven European cities. Respondents reported for private and public spaces whether they had seen others smoke there in the last 6 months. Beliefs about the benefits of smoking were measured on a 7-item scale; higher scores indicated more positive beliefs. Multilevel linear regression analyses determined associations while controlling for potential confounders and stratifying by smoking status. Results Most students reported observing others smoke in public spaces, especially at train/bus stations (84%). Positive beliefs about smoking of never smokers were positively associated with seeing others smoke in train/bus stations and leisure/sports facilities, but not at home, a friend’s home, restaurants or bars, when fully adjusted. Associations were of similar magnitude for ever smokers. Conclusions Smoking in several public places is highly visible to adolescents. Reducing this visibility might weaken positive beliefs that adolescents have about smoking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-019-01288-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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9
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Lolley K, Marhé E, Seymour W, Lakhisaran J. Linking Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data to tobacco control policy in Suriname. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 59Suppl 1:22-29. [PMID: 28658449 DOI: 10.21149/7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To use evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to inform tobacco-control policy in Suriname. Materials and methods: The GYTS was conducted in 2000, 2004 and 2009 among secondary school students (13 to 15 years) in a two-stage cluster sample design. Results: 2744 students, age 13 to 15, participated. From 2000 to 2009, results showed an increased prevalence of "current use of cigarettes" and "other tobacco products" in females (31 and 98%). Additionally, students reported high exposure to second-hand smoking at home (56.6 to 46.6%) and in public places (67.8 to 53.3%). Less than half of all respondents were taught about the dangers of smoking in school. Conclusion: National smoking prevalence coincides with regional trends. The results of the GYTS provided the evidence-base towards developing comprehensive tobacco control legislation. Tobacco legislation was passed in 2013. Future GYTS will monitor legislation implementation and progress made in achieving WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esha Marhé
- Pan American Health Organization. Suriname
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10
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Gavarkovs AG, Risica PM, Parker DR, Jennings E, Mello J, Phipps M. Self-Reported Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Avoidance Compared with Cotinine Confirmed Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Pregnant Women and Their Infants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E871. [PMID: 29702552 PMCID: PMC5981910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) presents substantial health risks for pregnant women and newborn infants. Measurements of ETS include invasive and expensive biochemical tests, as well as less invasive and lower-cost, self-reported exposure and avoidance measures. Better understanding of self-report measures will help to select ETS assessments for evaluation. METHODS This analysis was conducted within the context of a tailored video intervention to reduce tobacco smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy and after delivery in the control group sample of 147 nonsmoking women. Measurements of salivary cotinine concentration, self-reported ETS exposure, and avoidance behaviors were captured at 32 weeks’ gestation and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Salivary cotinine concentration was significantly related to ETS avoidance among pregnant nonsmokers at 32 weeks’ gestation, but not ETS exposure. At 6 months postpartum, both the reported ETS exposure of the infant and maternal avoidance behaviors to reduce her infant’s exposure were associated with the infant’s salivary cotinine concentration. At 32 weeks’ gestation and 6 months postpartum, avoidance behaviors decreased as exposure increased. DISCUSSION This study suggests that for nonsmoking women during pregnancy, reports of tobacco smoke avoidance are more valid than reports of exposure. After delivery, self-reported ETS exposure or avoidance are associated with each other and the biochemical measurement of salivary cotinine. These results provide researchers and clinicians with evidence to support the inclusion of avoidance behaviors in the selection of ETS measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gregory Gavarkovs
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Patricia Markham Risica
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- Center for Health Equity Research, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Donna R Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- Memorial Hospital of RI, Center of Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI 02904, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Ernestine Jennings
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jennifer Mello
- Center for Health Equity Research, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Maureen Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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Otto MW, Gorlin EI, Rosenfield D, Patten EA, Bickel WK, Zvolensky MJ, Doan SN. Rescuing cognitive and emotional regulatory skills to aid smoking prevention in at-risk youth: A randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 70:1-7. [PMID: 29655859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for smoking initiation, with disadvantaged teens particularly at risk. In addition, emotional and cognitive dysregulation is associated with an increased risk of smoking and makes it particularly challenging to benefit from standard substance use prevention interventions. The goal of the current study is to investigate the extent to which interventions designed to improve cognitive (working memory) and emotional (distress tolerance) regulatory processes enhance the effectiveness of a standard smoking prevention informational intervention. We will study adolescents (12-16 years of age) predominantly from racial/ethnic-minority and low-income households. Proximal smoking-risk outcome measures are used to allow testing of prevention models outside a full longitudinal study. We hope to generate new insights and approaches to smoking prevention among adolescents from lower socio-economic status (SES) by documenting the influence of working memory training and distress tolerance (mindfulness) interventions on cognitive/affective targets that place individuals at risk for smoking initiation and maintenance. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03148652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States.
| | - Eugenia I Gorlin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United States
| | - Elijah A Patten
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United States
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, United States
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- University of Houston and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Stacey N Doan
- Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, United States
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12
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Kawabata T, Tomari Y, Takemura J. Factors Related to Smoking Initiation by Adolescents and a Causal Model for Early Smoking Initiation. Health (London) 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.98082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Xu X, Chen C, Abdullah AS, Liu L, Sharma M, Li Y, Zhao Y. Smoking related attitudes, motives, and behaviors of male secondary school students in an urban setting of China. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2021. [PMID: 27994998 PMCID: PMC5125283 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Most smokers have their first experience of cigarette use when they are teenagers (i.e. at schools). Aiming tobacco control initiatives at secondary school students offers preventive measures to eliminate or reduce tobacco use initiation by students. This study assessed smoking-related attitudes, motives and behavior as well as other factors associated with smoking among male secondary school students in an urban setting in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in urban areas of Chongqing using a structured questionnaire administered to 1297 male secondary school students. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors that affect smoking. Results Of the participants (n = 1297), 27.7% were secondary and 72.3% were middle school students. Overall, 30.5% of the participants were smokers. The majority of the students procured their first cigarette from friends. The motivations of middle school students to smoke their first cigarette were curiosity (70.5%) and imitation (13.1%). The motivations of high school students for smoking their first cigarette were to satisfy their curiosity (51.8%), relief of stress and social pressures (17.1%), and imitation of smoker friends (15.9%). Respondents from poor family financial conditions were more likely to smoke than those from rich family financial conditions [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.00, 2.52]. Respondents whose fathers were smokers were more likely to smoke than those whose fathers were non-smokers (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25, 2.17). Respondents who had one or two smoker friends (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.93, 4.60) and three or more smoker friends (OR 5.92, 95% CI 4.35, 8.05) were more likely to smoke than those who did not have any. Respondents who were neutral (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20, 0.91) and disagreed about the item “friends smoking” (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.08, 0.39) were less likely to smoke than those who agreed with the item. Conclusions This study indicates that male students who have negative attitudes toward smoking, who do not have a father or friends who smoke, and are from affluent backgrounds exhibit low tendency to start smoking at a young age. This study provides some implications for tobacco control policies among male secondary school students in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410001 Hunan Province China
| | - Abu S Abdullah
- Global Health Program, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, 215347 Jiangsu Province China.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Behavioral and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213 USA
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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14
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Risica PM, Gavarkovs A, Parker DR, Jennings E, Phipps M. A tailored video intervention to reduce smoking and environmental tobacco exposure during and after pregnancy: Rationale, design and methods of Baby's Breath. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 52:1-9. [PMID: 27818283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost interventions to decrease environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of pregnant women and their newborns are needed to lower health risks of exposed fetuses and infants. Baby's Breath is a tailored video intervention developed and tested in a randomized controlled trial. The study aimed to test the efficacy of tailored video versus usual care approaches to reduce the ETS exposure of fetuses of low-income women during and after pregnancy; and to assess this intervention separately among non-smoking and smoking women. Participating women, recruited early in pregnancy, who spoke English, were at least 18years old, smoke exposed (current smokers, quit smoking on their own, or were exposed to smoke of others), pregnant with only one baby, and had access to a telephone and video player, were randomized to experimental or control conditions. Intervention participants received newsletters containing content aimed at smoking cessation and avoidance (5 during and 3 after pregnancy), in addition to videos (3 during and 2 after pregnancy) individually tailored on behavioral theory-based survey questions. Comparison participants received newsletters and videos on healthy pregnancy topics. Outcomes included salivary cotinine of both mother and baby (32weeks gestation and 6months postpartum) as well as self-reported ETS exposure and avoidance behaviors. This study may demonstrate the efficacy of a low-cost intervention to decrease ETS exposure, and will fill an important gap in describing the utility of this innovative intervention technology, as well as demonstration of potential benefits to this type of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Markham Risica
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Institute for Community Health Promotion, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Adam Gavarkovs
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Donna R Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Memorial Hospital of RI, Center of Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Ernestine Jennings
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Maureen Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States.
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Gould GS, Watt K, West R, Cadet-James Y, Clough AR. Can smoking initiation contexts predict how adult Aboriginal smokers assess their smoking risks? A cross-sectional study using the 'Smoking Risk Assessment Target'. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010722. [PMID: 27388350 PMCID: PMC4947807 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking prevalence is slow to reduce among Indigenous Australians of reproductive age. We analysed the relationships between age of smoking initiation, recalled initiation influences and self-assessment of smoking risks in Aboriginal smokers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A community-based cross-sectional survey of Aboriginal smokers aged 18-45 years (N=121; 58 men) was undertaken, using single-item measures. The Smoking Risk Assessment Target (SRAT) as the primary outcome measure enabled self-assessment of smoking risks from 12 options, recategorised into 3 groups. Participants recalled influences on their smoking initiation. Multinomial logistic regression modelling included age, gender, strength of urges to smoke, age at initiation (regular uptake) and statistically significant initiation influences on χ(2) tests ('to be cool', alcohol and cannabis). RESULTS Frequent initiation influences included friends (74%; SD 0.44), family (57%; SD 0.5) and alcohol (40%; SD 0.49). 54% (n=65) of smokers had the highest risk perception on the SRAT, selected by those who cared about the smoking risks and intended to quit soon. On multivariate analyses, compared with the highest level of SRAT, male gender, lower age of uptake and strong urges to smoke were significantly associated with the lowest level of SRAT, selected by those who refuted risks or thought they could not quit. Lower age of uptake and alcohol were associated with mid-level of SRAT, selected by those who cared about smoking risks, but did not consider quitting as a priority. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of smoking initiation in youth may have far-reaching associations with how smoking risks are assessed by adults of reproductive age, and their intentions to quit smoking. Becoming a regular smoker at under the age of 16 years, and influences of alcohol on smoking uptake, were inversely associated with high-level assessment of smoking risks and intention to quit in regional Aboriginal smokers. The SRAT may help tailor approaches to Indigenous smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Sandra Gould
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrianne Watt
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert West
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Cadet-James
- Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan R Clough
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Kılınç G, Bolgül BS, Aksoy G, Günay T. The Prevelance of Tobacco Use and the Factors Influencing in Students Studying at Two Dentistry Faculties in Turkey. Turk Thorac J 2016; 17:47-52. [PMID: 29404123 DOI: 10.5578/ttj.17.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and effects of tobacco and tobacco products use among students of dentistry. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was performed in the Dentistry Faculty of Ege and Dicle Universities between April and May 2013. All freshmen and senior year students receiving education in both universities were included into the study (n= 321). A questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used to determine the smoking habits of the students and the influencing factors regarding this habit. Students replied the questions under supervision. RESULTS A survey was conducted among 298 students out of 321 who were attending both universities. 46.6% of the participants were female and 53.4% were male. Smoking prevelance of the students was 29.9%. It was 19.9% in freshmen students and 45.8% in senior students. According to the first class of students in the fifth grade students in the prevalence of smoking in was found to be highly statistically significant (p< 0.001). Among other tobacco products the following was identified as mostly used: waterpipe, also known as narghile (27.4%), cigarwraps (9.7%), cigar (9.4%) and smoking pipe (2.0%). While 22.5% of the students stated that they started smoking after the age of 15, 36.0% started between the ages of 15 and 18 and 41.5% after the age of 19. The rate of smoking in the house was significantly higher (p< 0.001) among smokers than non-smokers. While 78.7% of the students stated that they would like to quit, 64.3% tried once or more to quit. CONCLUSION Smoking habit was found to be higher among medical students than the social average. Smoking is more frequent in higher classes. From early years onwards, students of dentistry should be intensively educated regarding the harmful effects of tobacco on health, and efforts should be made to prevent and control of tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülser Kılınç
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Behiye Sezgin Bolgül
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Turkey
| | - Gökhan Aksoy
- Department of Prosthesis, Ege University Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Türkan Günay
- Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Lippert AM. Do Adolescent Smokers Use E-Cigarettes to Help Them Quit? The Sociodemographic Correlates and Cessation Motivations of U.S. Adolescent E-Cigarette Use. Am J Health Promot 2015; 29:374-9. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.131120-quan-595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To examine the sociodemographic traits of adolescent e-cigarette users and whether e-cigarettes are used as cessation aids among adolescent smokers. Design. The study had a cross-sectional design. Setting. Study setting was the United States. Subjects. A probability sample of 15,264 adolescents in grades 6 through 12 was used. Measures. The study measured self-reported lifetime e-cigarette use and recent conventional cigarette use, desire to quit, and number of recent quit attempts (among conventional cigarette smokers), and factors hypothesized to be related to e-cigarette use (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, friendships with smokers). Analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess e-cigarette use among (1) all adolescents and (2) conventional cigarette smokers as a function of quit desire and attempts. Results. Descriptive analyses show 3.2% of respondents had used e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use is significantly lower for females (adjusted odds ratio [OR], .70), non-Hispanic black youth (adjusted OR, .37), and Mexican-American youth (adjusted OR, .56), and higher for those who smoke conventional cigarettes (adjusted OR, 58.44) or have friends who smoke (adjusted OR, 2.38). Among conventional cigarette smokers, neither desire to quit nor recent quit attempts is significantly associated with e-cigarette use. Conclusions. E-cigarette use is more common among certain adolescent subgroups than others and does not appear to be part of a cessation regimen among conventional cigarette smokers wishing to quit. More regulatory and prevention efforts are needed, especially for certain adolescent subpopulations.
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Chen YT, Hsiao FH, Lee CM, Wang RH, Chen PL. Effects of a Parent-Child Interactive Program for Families on Reducing the Exposure of School-Aged Children to Household Smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:330-40. [PMID: 25987674 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parental smoking has been identified as the major source of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Therefore, parental involvement is critical in ETS exposure prevention programs. This study examined the effects of a parent-child interactive program on reducing children's exposure to ETS at home and enhancing parents' and children's prevention strategies. METHODS A clustered randomized controlled trial was administered to 75 families of school-aged children from six primary schools in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Families in the intervention group received a parent-child interactive intervention, and parents in the control group received written materials on tobacco hazards. Data on children's exposure and the prevention of children's exposure to ETS at home were obtained at baseline, 8-week, and 20-week or 6-month assessments. RESULTS The percentage of children with urine cotinine levels greater than or equal to 6 ng/ml was significantly lower in the intervention group than it was in the control group at both the 8-week and 6-month assessments. The intervention significantly reduced parental smoking in the presence of children and increased parents' prevention of children's ETS exposure and children's ETS avoidance behavior from the baseline to the 20-week assessment. CONCLUSIONS This is a preliminary study design aimed at creating a program for reducing children's ETS exposure at home. Further research to produce evidence supporting the application of the parent-child interactive program in primary schools is suggested. The theoretical basis of the intervention design can serve as a reference for nursing education and the design of health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Hsiu Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsia Wang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Interventions to reduce harm from smoking with families in infancy and early childhood: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3091-119. [PMID: 25785496 PMCID: PMC4377954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120303091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adult smoking can have deleterious effects on children. Interventions that assist families with smoking cessation/reduction and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) avoidance can improve child health outcomes and reduce the risk of smoking initiation. The purpose of this review was to describe the state of the science of interventions with families to promote smoke-free home environments for infants and young children, including parent smoking reduction and cessation interventions, ETS reduction, and anti-smoking socialisation interventions, using the socio-ecological framework as a guide. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles identified from journal databases from 2000 to 2014 was undertaken. Of 921 articles identified, 28 were included in the review. Considerable heterogeneity characterised target populations, intervention types, complexity and intensity, precluding meta-analysis. Few studies used socio-ecological approaches, such as family theories or concepts. Studies in early parenthood (child age newborn to one year) tended to focus on parent smoking cessation, where studies of families with children aged 1-5 years were more likely to target household SHSe reduction. Results suggest that interventions for reduction in ETS may be more successful than for smoking cessation and relapse prevention in families of children aged less than 5 years. There is a need for a range of interventions to support families in creating a smoke free home environment that are both tailored and targeted to specific populations. Interventions that target the social and psychodynamics of the family should be considered further, particularly in reaching vulnerable populations. Consideration is also required for approaches to interventions that may further stigmatise families containing smokers. Further research is required to identify successful elements of interventions and the contexts in which they are most effective.
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Chen YT, Liao YM, Chen PL. Development and Psychometric Testing of Four Scales to Measure Perceptions and Family Influences on Parental Smoking in Taiwan. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.865185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahabee-Gittens EM, Chen C, Huang B, Gordon JS. The acceptability of incorporating a youth smoking prevention intervention in the pediatric emergency department. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014; 25:787-800. [PMID: 24858886 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric emergency department (PED) is under-utilized as a setting in which to provide tobacco prevention interventions for at-risk children. We sought to determine the acceptability and feasibility of incorporating a brief, parental tobacco prevention intervention to 520 parents during the PED visit. Mean age (SD) of parents and children was 38.6 (7.1) and 11.5 (1.1), respectively; 47% of children were female; 45% were African American; 36% of parents had an annual income less than $25,000; 28.8% of parents were current smokers. Over 90% of parents said the intervention provided "useful" and "easy to understand" information and 97% of practitioners said it did not "interfere with clinical care." Given the high prevalence of parental smoking in the PED, there is a high likelihood that their children will initiate smoking in the future. Thus, the use of the PED as a venue to providing tobacco prevention interventions warrants further evaluation.
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Chen YT, Chen PL. Perceptions of Parental Smoking and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With the Adoption of Home Smoking Bans Among Parents of School-Aged Children. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1112-20. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of becoming a smoker in adulthood associated with parental smoking as well as the smoking of siblings and close friends. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING 4 oral healthcare centres in Finland and a follow-up. PARTICIPANTS An age cohort born in 1979 (n=2586) and living in four Finnish towns. Of those reached by the 2008 follow-up, 46.9% (n=1020) responded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking behaviour at the age of 29. Smoking behaviour at the age of 13 and smoking behaviour of family members and close friends. RESULTS Smoking of a current close friend was strongly associated with participants' own smoking (OR 5.6, 95% CI 3.6 to 8.8). The smoking of a close friend during schooldays was similarly associated (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.5). Smoking among men was associated with the smoking behaviour of mothers and siblings while that among females was not. CONCLUSIONS The impact of a smoker as a close friend is greater than that of a smoking parent or sibling in school age when it comes to smoking behaviour in adulthood. This should be taken into consideration when attempting to prevent smoking initiation or continuation. TRIAL REGISTRATION At clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01348646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti J Saari
- Department of General Practice, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- JYTA, Tunkkari Health Care Center, Veteli, Finland
| | | | - Kari J Mattila
- Department of General Practice, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Center of General Practice, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Initial Smoking Experiences and Current Smoking Behaviors and Perceptions among Current Smokers. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2013; 2013:491797. [PMID: 24826361 PMCID: PMC4008393 DOI: 10.1155/2013/491797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. We examine early-onset cigarette smoking and how, if at all, it is related to subsequent smoking practices. Methods. From 2004 to 2007, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 485 adult cigarette smokers residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Data analysis involved a multivariate analysis to determine whether age of smoking onset was related to current smoking practices when the effects of gender, age, race, marital/relationship status, income, and educational attainment were taken into account. Results. The mean age for smoking onset was 14.8, and more than one-half of all smokers had their first cigarette between the ages of 12 and 16. Most people reported an interval of less than one month between their first and second time using tobacco. Earlier onset cigarette smoking was related to more cigarette use and worse tobacco-related health outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions. Early prevention and intervention are needed to avoid early-onset smoking behaviors. Intervening after initial experimentation but before patterned smoking practices are established will be challenging, as the interval between initial and subsequent use tends to be short.
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Liao YM, Chen YT, Kuo LC, Chen PL. Factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of school-aged children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:819. [PMID: 24015810 PMCID: PMC3846903 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2009, the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (Taiwan) was amended to more effectively restrict smoking in indoor public places and workplaces in Taiwan. However, the lack of prohibitions for smoking in private homes may place family members at increased risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The aim of our study was to determine the factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of children at home. Methods In 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study of factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of children at home in Taiwan using self-administered questionnaires. Quota sampling was used to select five primary schools from four different regions of Taiwan. Parents were surveyed to identify parental smokers and 307 parental smokers were selected for participation in our study. Questionnaire data regarding parental smoking in the presence of children at home and related interactions among family members were analyzed. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the best-fit model for examining the relationships among the variables related to parental smoking in the presence of children at home. Results Two-thirds of parents who smoked reported smoking in the presence of their children. The results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis identified the smokers’ compliance with their family’s antismoking responses, mutual agreement with smoking bans, daily smoking, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, the education level of the parental smoker, and the annual family income as determinants of smoking in the presence of children at home. Conclusions Households with smoking parents should be targeted for interventions to encourage the adoption and enforcement of home smoking bans. Educational interventions that promote smoke-free homes for children and provide support to help parents stop smoking are critical factors in reducing the frequency of children’s ETS exposure in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Mei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, No, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
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Reaching families at their homes for an intervention to reduce tobacco smoke exposure among infants. J Community Health 2013; 38:215-20. [PMID: 22864794 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-012-9602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The methods of reaching families for a home intervention trial (HIT) were analyzed in this study. The study aimed to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure among infants in one region of Germany. The systematic screening data of smoking among families in their homes were compared with reference data of a representative household sample of the state in which the study was conducted. The characteristics of participating and non-participating families were analyzed. All households (N = 3,570) containing at least one infant age 3 years or younger were selected using the residents` registration files and invited to participate in a screening assessment. Among these families, 3,293 (92.2 %) were contacted and from that group, 2,641 families participated in the screening. Compared with the reference sample, the screened sample included a higher proportion of families with employment and with more than 10 years of education. Participation in the HIT was recommended if at least one parent reported smoking one or more cigarettes per day during the previous 4 weeks. Among the 1,282 families that met the inclusion criteria, 71.5 % took part in the screening. Participating families, compared with non-participating families, were older, included more families with two parents living in the household, and had higher rates of employment. The effect size of the final regression model was small (Cohen's f (2) = 0.01). In conclusion, proactive approaches that are delivered at home may yield a high reach of the target population and particularly of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
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Vandewater EA, Park SE, Carey FR, Wilkinson AV. Intergenerational transfer of smoking across three generations and forty-five years. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 16:11-7. [PMID: 23943844 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many have examined the linkages between smoking behaviors across 2 generations, few have examined these linkages among 3 generations. METHODS U.S. population representative data for 3 generations are drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) in order to examine whether smoking behaviors are passed down from generation to generation and the magnitude of the influence of smoking behaviors across generations (N = 830). RESULTS Results indicate direct linkages between both grandparent (G1) and parent (G2) smoking (OR = 4.53; 95% CI = 2.57-7.97) and parent (G2) and young adult offspring (G3) smoking (OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.60-5.31). Although the direct link between grandparent (G1) and grandchildren (G3) was not significant (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 0.96-5.23, p < .10), mediation analyses reveal that the link between G3 and G1 smoking is significantly mediated by G2 smoking. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of generation, parent smoking behavior has a direct influence on offspring smoking behavior. The link between grandparent (G1) and grandchild (G3) smoking is mediated by parent (G2) smoking, suggesting that smoking behavior is passed from one generation to the next generation and in turn to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vandewater
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin, TX
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Bakkné Nagy M, Tárnoki DL, Tárnoki AD. [Environmental factors that influence smoking habits of monozygotic and dizygotic twins]. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:978-84. [PMID: 23774805 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking habits are influenced by environmental (family, friends) and psychologic factors. AIM To investigate environmental factors which influence the smoking habits of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. METHOD 45 monozygotic and 23 dizygotic twin pairs (age 35±16 years) completed a questionnaire. RESULTS Maternal non-smoking decreases the risk of smoking of the twin children by 53%, while this effect accounts for 49% by the father. Dizygotic twins are more influenced by parents (70%) than monozygotics (31-36%). If the twin or non-twin sibling does not smoke, the risk that the twin individual starts smoking, is decreased by 86% both in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. If an individual smoking is present in the fraternity and he or she does not attempt to quit, the risk of smoking increases 8.3-fold. The role of fraternity is more important in males and youth. CONCLUSIONS The parents' and the siblings' exemplary behaviour helps to avoid smoking initiation of young twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Bakkné Nagy
- Debreceni Egyetem, Népegészségügyi Kar, Komplex Rehabilitáció Msc, Debrecen.
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Chen YT, Hsiao FH, Miao NF, Chen PL. Factors associated with parents’ perceptions of parental smoking in the presence of children and its consequences on children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:192-209. [PMID: 23296207 PMCID: PMC3564137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental smoking is the major source of children’s secondhand smoke exposure and is influenced by parents’ perception of children’s exposure. However, the factors associated with these perceptions remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with parents’ perceptions about parental smoking in the presence of children and its consequences. We conducted a cross-sectional study on parents’ perceptions of parental smoking and measured their evaluations of its consequences using a self-report questionnaire. Other variables include socio-demographic characteristics and smoking-related experience. Results show that parents’ gender, education level, occupational type, smoking status, and agreement on a home smoking ban independently predict parents’ evaluation of the consequences of parental smoking in the presence of children. Parents’ gender, education level, annual family income, smoking status, agreement on a home smoking ban, and evaluation of the consequences of parental smoking independently predicted parents’ perceptions. Findings indicated that a specific group expressed greater acceptance of parental smoking and was less aware of its risks. Motivating parents to create a smoke-free home and increasing awareness of the adverse consequences of parental smoking is beneficial in reinforcing attitudes opposed to parental smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Hsiu Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-223-771-379; Fax: +886-223-772-842
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Johnston V, Westphal DW, Earnshaw C, Thomas DP. Starting to smoke: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian indigenous youth. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:963. [PMID: 23140529 PMCID: PMC3545896 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult smoking has its roots in adolescence. If individuals do not initiate smoking during this period it is unlikely they ever will. In high income countries, smoking rates among Indigenous youth are disproportionately high. However, despite a wealth of literature in other populations, there is less evidence on the determinants of smoking initiation among Indigenous youth. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of smoking among Australian Indigenous young people with a particular emphasis on the social and cultural processes that underlie tobacco use patterns among this group. Methods This project was undertaken in northern Australia. We undertook group interviews with 65 participants and individual in-depth interviews with 11 youth aged 13–20 years led by trained youth ‘peer researchers.’ We also used visual methods (photo-elicitation) with individual interviewees to investigate the social context in which young people do or do not smoke. Included in the sample were a smaller number of non-Indigenous youth to explore any significant differences between ethnic groups in determinants of early smoking experiences. The theory of triadic influence, an ecological model of health behaviour, was used as an organising theory for analysis. Results Family and peer influences play a central role in smoking uptake among Indigenous youth. Social influences to smoke are similar between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth but are more pervasive (especially in the family domain) among Indigenous youth. While Indigenous youth report high levels of exposure to smoking role models and smoking socialisation practices among their family and social networks, this study provides some indication of a progressive denormalisation of smoking among some Indigenous youth. Conclusions Future initiatives aimed at preventing smoking uptake in this population need to focus on changing social normative beliefs around smoking, both at a population level and within young peoples’ immediate social environment. Such interventions could be effectively delivered in both the school and family environments. Specifically, health practitioners in contact with Indigenous families should be promoting smoke free homes and other anti-smoking socialisation behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Johnston
- Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811 Australia.
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Bian J, Du M, Liu Z, Fan Y, Eshita Y, Sun J. Prevalence of and factors associated with daily smoking among Inner Mongolia medical students in China: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2012; 7:20. [PMID: 22591602 PMCID: PMC3419670 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no study on smoking behavior of medical students in Inner Mongolia has been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the 1-month prevalence of and factors associated with daily smoking among medical students in Inner Mongolia of China, to assist interventions designed to reduce the smoking behavior of medical college students in this region. METHODS During December 2010 and January 2011 a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at the Inner Mongolia Medical College using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: students' basic information, attitude on smoking behavior, and smoking status of the student daily smokers. Students who smoked every day in the last 30 days were regarded as daily smokers. Factors associated with smoking were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 6044 valid surveys were returned. The overall prevalence of daily smoking was 9.8% while the prevalence of daily smoking among males and females were 29.4% and 1.7%, respectively. Males in the Faculty of Medicine Information Management had the highest daily smoking rate (48.9%). Logistic regression models found that the main factors associated with daily smoking among male medical students were highest year of study (OR = 3.62; CI: 1.18-11.05); attitude towards smoking behavior Do not care about people smoking around you (OR = 2.75; CI: 2.08-3.64); and Smoking is harmful to their health (OR = 4.40; CI: 2.21-8.75). The main factor associated with daily smoking among female medical students was attitude towards smoking behavior Eliminate smoking on campus (OR = 0.11; CI: 0.06-0.23). Both for male and female medical students, there was no association between ethnicity and cigarette daily smoking. In regard to smoking status, more than 60% of daily smokers began smoking in high school, 61.3% smoked less than 5 cigarettes per day, 62.9% of the daily smokers' families opposed their smoking behavior, and after an hour of not smoking 74.6% daily smokers did not feel uncomfortable. CONCLUSIONS Antismoking education should be further promoted in Inner Mongolia medical students, with consideration given to the factors associated with daily smoking behavior found in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Bian
- Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Minority Autonomous Region, China
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Linetzky B, Mejia R, Ferrante D, De Maio FG, Diez Roux AV. Socioeconomic status and tobacco consumption among adolescents: a multilevel analysis of Argentina's Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14:1092-9. [PMID: 22394595 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between poverty and tobacco consumption among adolescents has not been extensively studied, and what evidence exists has come almost entirely from developed countries. Moreover, the impact of contextual factors--such as school-level poverty--remains unclear. METHODS We obtained information about smoking behavior from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Argentina in 2007. School-level characteristics were derived by matching schools to census areas from the 2001 Census. Additional school-level information was obtained from the Ministry of Education. Random intercept models were used to evaluate the associations of school-level variables (poverty in the census area of the school, school receipt of social assistance, and public or private status) with current smoking, intention to quit, secondhand smoke exposure outside the home, support for smoke-free laws, purchase of single cigarettes among smokers, and susceptibility to smoking in 5 years among nonsmokers. RESULTS After controlling for age and sex, students attending schools receiving social assistance were more likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.80) and to purchase loose cigarettes (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08-2.54), whereas school poverty was significantly associated with secondhand smoke exposure (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.58). CONCLUSION This study shows that an association exists between unfavorable contextual school characteristics and tobacco consumption and related measures among youth in Argentina. Efforts to prevent smoking may need to address the school-level factors that place youth at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Linetzky
- Dirección de Promoción de la Salud y Control de Enfermedades No Transmisibles, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Av 9 de julio 1925 9no, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1073ABA, Argentina.
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Exploration of parental smokers' experience, perceptions, and family's influences on their smoking in the presence of children. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2012; 35:E1-13. [PMID: 22293613 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0b013e3182445525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experience and perceptions of smoking in the presence of children. Findings regarding patterns of parents' smoking in the presence of children were situation specific. When thinking of smoking with children around, parents engaged in a process of weighing the importance of the need to smoke and adverse effects from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, a consideration based mostly on their experience. A pattern of correspondence was identified between family's level of concern and promoting change among smokers. Many strategies participants used to prevent children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure were relatively ineffective and needed to be addressed.
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Wilkinson AV, Bondy ML, Wu X, Wang J, Dong Q, D'Amelio AM, Prokhorov AV, Pu X, Yu RK, Etzel CJ, Shete S, Spitz MR. Cigarette experimentation in Mexican origin youth: psychosocial and genetic determinants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:228-38. [PMID: 22028400 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Established psychosocial risk factors increase the risk for experimentation among Mexican origin youth. Now, we comprehensively investigate the added contribution of select polymorphisms in candidate genetic pathways associated with sensation seeking, risk taking, and smoking phenotypes to predict experimentation. METHODS Participants (N = 1,118 Mexican origin youth) recruited from a large population-based cohort study in Houston, TX, provided prospective data on cigarette experimentation over 3 years. Psychosocial data were elicited twice-baseline and final follow-up. Participants were genotyped for 672 functional and tagging variants in the dopamine, serotonin, and opioid pathways. RESULTS After adjusting for gender and age, with a Bayesian False Discovery Probability set at 0.8 and prior probability of 0.05, six gene variants were significantly associated with risk of experimentation. After controlling for established risk factors, multivariable analyses revealed that participants with six or more risk alleles were 2.25 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-3.13] times more likely to have experimented since baseline than participants with five or fewer. Among committed never-smokers (N = 872), three genes (OPRM1, SNAP25, HTR1B) were associated with experimentation as were all psychosocial factors. Among susceptible youth (N = 246), older age at baseline, living with a smoker, and three different genes (HTR2A, DRD2, SLC6A3) predicted experimentation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, which have implications for development of culturally specific interventions, need to be validated in other ethnic groups. IMPACT These results suggest that variations in select genes interact with a cognitive predisposition toward smoking. In susceptible adolescents, the impact of the genetic variants appears to be larger than committed never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wilkinson
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
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Barreto SM, Giatti L, Casado L, de Moura L, Crespo C, Malta D. Contextual factors associated with smoking among Brazilian adolescents. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 66:723-9. [PMID: 21471139 PMCID: PMC3402740 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have examined the role of school, household and family contexts in youth smoking in middle-income countries. METHODS This work describes smoking exposure among 59,992 high school students who took part in the Brazilian Survey of School Health and investigates contextual factors associated with regular smoking, defined as smoking cigarettes at least once in the past 30 days. The explaining variables were grouped into: socio-demographic characteristics, school context, household context and family rapport. Variables independently associated with smoking in each context were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 53% of the total sample were girls, 89% were aged 13-15 years. 24% had already experimented with cigarettes, 50% before the age of 12 years. The prevalence of regular smoking was 6.3% (95% CI 5.87 to 6.74), with no sex variation. Smoking was not associated with either the mother's education or the index of household assets. In the multivariable analysis, studying at a private school, the possibility of purchasing cigarettes at school and skipping of classes without parents' consent increased the chances of smoking. In the household context, living with both parents was negatively associated with smoking, while having smoking parents and exposure to other people's smoking was positively related to smoking. In the family context, parental unawareness of what the adolescent was doing increased smoking, but having meals with the mother one or more days per week and parents' negative reactions to adolescent smoking reduced the chances of smoking. CONCLUSION The results reinforce the role of school, household and family contexts in youth smoking behaviours and will help improve public health policies aimed at preventing smoking and health promotion in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, sl 814, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30130100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sreedharan J, Muttappallymyalil J, Divakaran B. Less demand for tobacco smokers in the marriage market. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47 Suppl 1:87-90. [PMID: 20622421 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.63866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to control the tobacco scourge, an array of measures is required. AIMS To determine the attitude of unmarried females toward tobacco smokers and ascertain their attitude toward marrying a smoker. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Female students from randomly selected colleges in Kannur district, Kerala state, India, were the participants for this cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample consisted of 1800 unmarried female students from two colleges. A self-administered, structured, close-ended pilot-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were collected after obtaining verbal consent from them. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data collected were entered into an excel spread sheet and analyzed using PASW 17 software. RESULTS The participants' age ranged between 17 and 25 years. About 59.6% revealed that their parents (father) used tobacco products. Of those with no family history of tobacco use, 96.5% had negative attitude toward tobacco smokers, whereas of the participants with family history of tobacco use among parents, 89% were with a negative attitude toward tobacco use or their parent's habit. This association was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001); 79% expressed negative attitude toward their male co-students who use tobacco products. Of the total, 99.3% expressed their unwillingness to marry a person with the habit of tobacco use, whereas 0.7% were willing to marry a person with tobacco habit with the belief that they could bring about a change in their male partner's tobacco habit. CONCLUSION More comprehensive tobacco control activities can be undertaken in the community and colleges by incorporating female students as facilitators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sreedharan
- Research Division, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Wilkinson AV, Spitz MR, Prokhorov AV, Bondy ML, Shete S, Sargent JD. Exposure to smoking imagery in the movies and experimenting with cigarettes among Mexican heritage youth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 18:3435-43. [PMID: 19959693 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that an adolescent's decision to try cigarettes is influenced by level of exposure to movies in which smoking is portrayed. Less is known about how ethnicity affects this process. We examined whether acculturation and/or country of birth influence the relationship between exposure to smoking imagery in the movies and experimenting with cigarettes among Mexican origin youth. We prospectively followed 1,328 Mexican origin adolescents ages 11 to 13 years at baseline. We assessed which of 50 movies (randomly selected from a pool of 250 popular contemporary movies released from 1999 to 2004 and content analyzed for smoking) adolescents had seen. Smoking behavior was assessed at baseline and at 6-month intervals over 24 months. Ten percent of the adolescents had experimented at baseline; 17% tried subsequently. Multivariate analyses revealed, as exposure to smoking imagery in the movies increased, the chances of having ever experimented [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.48] and of being a new experimenter (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40) increased, equivalent to a 4.2% increased risk of ever and a 3.0% increased risk of new experimenting for each additional quartile of movie exposure. This effect was moderated by country of birth. For Mexican-born youth, exposure to smoking imagery in the movies was the strongest independent predictor of new experimentation (AOR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14-2.05). For U.S.-born youth, we observed a ceiling effect: the percent of experimenters increased with increasing exposure, and then flattened. Among Mexican-born youth, exposure to smoking imagery in the movies may be an important part of the acculturation process associated with smoking initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
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Hughes SK, Hughes K, Atkinson AM, Bellis MA, Smallthwaite L. Smoking behaviours, access to cigarettes and relationships with alcohol in 15- and 16-year-old schoolchildren. Eur J Public Health 2010; 21:8-14. [PMID: 20145050 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent smoking is a significant public health concern in the UK and across Europe. This study examines smoking behaviours, methods of accessing cigarettes and use of non-commercial (fake, foreign and single) cigarettes across a sample of schoolchildren. Relationships with alcohol consumption, deprivation, personal income and extra-curricular activities are also explored. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 9833 15- and 16-year-old schoolchildren in the North West of England. RESULTS Cigarettes were most commonly accessed from off-licences and newsagents, but pupils also reported non-commercial access through friends, family and street sellers/neighbours. A high percentage of smokers had bought foreign (57%), fake (28%) and single (54%) cigarettes. Frequent binge drinking, not participating in extra-curricular activities, receiving greater personal income, and having parents that smoked were significantly associated with being a regular and heavier smoker. Frequent binge drinking was also significantly associated with buying foreign/fake or single cigarettes. A higher percentage of those living in deprived areas were current smokers, although deprivation was not an independent predictor of cigarette use. CONCLUSION Strategies that restrict commercial access to cigarettes among adolescents may increase their reliance on social methods of access, and use of fake, foreign and single cigarettes. Interventions to reduce adolescent smoking must recognize the critical role of parents and communities in discouraging smoking and preventing social access to cigarettes in children. A joint approach to prevention is required that targets children at risk of smoking, heavy alcohol use and associated health-damaging behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Hughes
- Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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