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Varallo G, Zagaria A, Baldini V, Schianchi A, Brscic M, Panero M, Franceschini C, Schimmenti A, Musetti A. Predictors of suicidal ideation in Italian veterinarians. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17504. [PMID: 39080454 PMCID: PMC11289289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide represents a significant problem for healthcare professionals such as veterinarians. Previous studies showed that contextual and individual risk factors can contribute to suicidality among veterinarians. In the present study, self-report measures on exposure to animal euthanasia, substance abuse, reflective functioning, and suicidal ideation were administered to 1556 Italian veterinarians aged 24-74 years old. Structural equation modelling revealed that failures in reflective functioning and substance abuse were associated with suicidal ideation. Prevention programs focusing on improving reflective functioning and decreasing substance abuse might reduce suicide risk among veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Varallo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baldini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Marta Brscic
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Panero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Eating Disorders Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Medina-Martínez J, Aliño M, Vázquez-Martínez A, Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Cano-López I. Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Drug Use in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. J Psychoactive Drugs 2024; 56:397-411. [PMID: 37341709 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2023.2227173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals are exposed to stressful situations that may favor substance use vulnerability. This systematic review aims to synthesize the risk and protective factors associated with use, abuse, and dependence of alcohol, tobacco, psychoactive drugs, and cannabis in healthcare professionals. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic search was performed in PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded 1523 studies, of which 19 were selected. The identified risk factors were demographic factors (i.e. male gender, and single/divorced marital status), psychopathological factors, social factors, positive attitudes toward drugs, unhealthy lifestyle habits, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the coexistence of the use of several substances. The protective factors were demographic factors (i.e. ethnicity and having dependent children), healthy lifestyle habits, and workplace anti-drug policies (i.e. restriction of tobacco use). These findings highlight the need for preventive actions against drug use in healthcare professionals to improve their health and reduce the possible negative impact on their healthcare practice. Knowledge of modifiable risk and protective factors allows their incorporation as components in preventive actions, and non-modifiable factors (e.g. demographic variables) may contribute to the detection of groups of greater vulnerability to propose selective prevention actions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Aliño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal)/VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Health and Psycho-Social Adjustment (GI-SAPS), Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cano-López
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group in Psychology and Quality of Life (PsiCal)/VIU-NED Chair of Global Neuroscience and Social Change, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
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Cartágenes SDC, da Silveira CCSDM, Pinheiro BG, Fernandes LMP, Farias SV, Kobayashi NHC, de Souza PHFS, do Prado AF, Ferreira MKM, Lima RR, de Oliveira EHC, de Luna FCF, Burbano RMR, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. “K-Powder” Exposure during Adolescence Elicits Psychiatric Disturbances Associated with Oxidative Stress in Female Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111373. [PMID: 36355545 PMCID: PMC9698848 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, also called ‘K-powder’ by abusers, an analog of phencyclidine, primarily acts as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, therapeutically used as an anesthetic agent. Ketamine also stimulates the limbic system, inducing hallucinations and dissociative effects. At sub-anesthetic doses, ketamine also displays hallucinatory and dissociative properties, but not loss of consciousness. These behavioral consequences have elicited its recreational use worldwide, mainly at rave parties. Ketamine is generally a drug of choice among teenagers and young adults; however, the harmful consequences of its recreational use on adolescent central nervous systems are poorly explored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize the behavioral and biochemical consequences induced by one binge-like cycle of ketamine during the early withdrawal period in adolescent female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats (n = 20) received intraperitoneally administered ketamine (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of ketamine, animals were submitted to behavioral tests in an open field, elevated plus-maze, and forced swimming test. Then, animals were intranasally anesthetized with 2% isoflurane and euthanized to collect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to assess lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, reactive oxygen species, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Our results found that 24 h after recreational ketamine use, emotional behavior disabilities, such as anxiety- and depression-like profiles, were detected. In addition, spontaneous ambulation was reduced. These negative behavioral phenotypes were associated with evidence of oxidative stress on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
- Physiological and Morphological Sciences Department, Biological and Health Science Centre, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Natália Harumi Correa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Pablo Henrique Franco Santos de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ferraz do Prado
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SAMAM), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Francisco Canindé Ferreira de Luna
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Environment Section (SAMAM), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Health Sciences Institute, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Luurila K, Kangasniemi M, Häggman-Laitila A. An Integrative Review of Programs for Managing Nurses' Substance Use Disorder in the Workplace. J Addict Nurs 2022; 33:280-298. [PMID: 37140416 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses' substance use disorder (SUD) endangers patient safety and decreases nurses' work ability and health. To better understand the methods, treatments, and benefits of the programs used to monitor nurses with SUD and promote their recovery, a systematic review of international research is needed. AIM The aim was to gather, evaluate, and summarize empirical research on programs for managing nurses with SUD. DESIGN An integrative review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis instructions. METHOD Systematic searches were conducted in the CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases between 2006 and 2020, complemented with manual searches. Articles were selected based on inclusion, exclusion, and method-specific evaluation criteria. The data were analyzed narratively. RESULTS The review identified 12 studies of which nine focused on recovery and monitoring programs for nurses with SUD or other impairment and three concerned training programs for nurse supervisors or worksite monitors. The programs were described in terms of their target groups, goals, and theoretical basis. The programs' methods and benefits were described together with challenges in their implementation. CONCLUSION There has been little research on programs for nurses with SUD, the programs that exist are heterogenous, and the evidence available in this field is weak. Further research and developmental work are needed on preventive and early detection programs as well as rehabilitative programs and programs supporting reentry to workplaces. In addition, programs should not be restricted to nurses and their supervisors; colleagues and work communities should also be involved.
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Risk Factors for Recidivism in Nursing Practice: A Criminal Conviction Case Review Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(22)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shadakshari D, Muliyala KP, Jayarajan D, Kandasamy A. Occupational Challenges in Physicians with Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:253-258. [PMID: 35656432 PMCID: PMC9125475 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) in physicians impact their professional responsibilities toward patients. Understanding the difficulties of physicians with SUDs would facilitate early identification and reduce the complications they face in various domains, particularly in settings where there are no physician-health care programs. In this background, we aimed to understand the challenges physicians with SUDs face at their workplace. METHODS Qualitative in-depth interviews of 21 physicians receiving treatment from a tertiary care addiction medicine center for their SUD were conducted and, based on the transcripts from the interview after coding and recoding, through inductive content analysis, themes and subthemes were identified. RESULTS The following occupational challenges were identified: direct consequences of the psychoactive effect of the substance, adverse effects on clinical care and service delivery, impairment in regularity and punctuality, changes in the physicians' behaviors, changes in the work environment and diverse responses of colleagues and the hospital administration toward substance use-related actions, ethical issues at workplace, and effects on career growth. CONCLUSIONS SUDs in physicians have a significant impact on their functioning at work, affecting patient care, interpersonal relationships as well as career growth. Knowledge of occupational challenges among physicians with SUD will help us in understanding the severity of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Shadakshari
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad Muliyala
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kandasamy
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jaguga F, Kwobah EK, Mwangi A, Patel K, Mwogi T, Kiptoo R, Atwoli L. Harmful Alcohol Use Among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:821610. [PMID: 35295779 PMCID: PMC8918611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.821610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers play a key role in responding to pandemics like the on-going COVID-19 one. Harmful alcohol use among them could result in inefficiencies in health service delivery. This is particularly concerning in sub-Saharan Africa where the health workforce is already constrained. The aim of this study is to document the burden and correlates of harmful alcohol use among healthcare workers at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya with the aim of informing policy and practice. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from a parent online survey that investigated the burden and factors associated with mental disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. We analyzed data obtained from a sub-population of 887 participants who completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and multivariate analysis to determine the factors associated with harmful alcohol use. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty nine (43.9%) participants reported harmful alcohol use. The factors significantly associated with increased odds of endorsing harmful alcohol use were: being male (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.14; p = 0.006), being unmarried (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.48, 2.89; p < 0.001), having 11-20 years of experience as compared to having 20+ years of experience (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.12; p = 0.009), and being a specialist (AOR = 2.78; CI = 1.64, 4.78; p = < 0.001) or doctor (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.74, 4.63; p < 0.001) as compared to being a nurse. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of healthcare workers reported harmful alcohol use at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. Males, the unmarried, those with 11-20 years of experience in the health field, doctors and specialists, were more likely to report harmful alcohol use. These findings highlight the need to institute interventions for harmful alcohol use targeting these groups of healthcare workers in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to optimize functioning of the available workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Jaguga
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Edith Kamaru Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ann Mwangi
- School of Science and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Thomas Mwogi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert Kiptoo
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,Brain and Mind Institute and the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Sultana T, Faruque M, Banik PC, Sultana S, Amin F, Zaman MM. Noncommunicable disease risk factors among the trainee doctors of a tertiary level diabetes hospital in Bangladesh. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tonima Sultana
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh
- Mirpur General Hospital and Diagnostic Centre Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mithila Faruque
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Palash Chandra Banik
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Feroz Amin
- Department of Endocrinology BIRDEM Hospital and Ibrahim Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mostafa Zaman
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh
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Leishman E, Wang Y, Channu R, Boyst E, Hartmann M, Stas J. Development and implementation of SafeMedWaste, a chemical denaturant for non-hazardous disposal of controlled medications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1129. [PMID: 33441864 PMCID: PMC7806595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a significant public health issue. Options to dispose of controlled medications are limited, increasing the risk of diversion. Providing an alternative for disposal, a chemical denaturant, SafeMedWaste, was designed to destroy controlled substances irreversibly and safely be placed in non-hazardous landfills. Via HPLC–MS, four formulations of SafeMedWaste were tested with 34 different liquid controlled medications from DEA schedules I–V. Beta testing assessed the efficacy of SafeMedWaste in a clinical setting and on waste generated in a manufacturing setting. Furthermore, a formulation of SafeMedWaste was tested on solid controlled medications. All 34 of the liquid medications tested (e.g., amphetamine, diazepam, fentanyl, ketamine) were fully destroyed in SafeMedWaste within 2–24 h. Analysis of a beta test sample of SafeMedWaste containing fentanyl, midazolam, and morphine waste collected in a hospital showed full denaturation of these drugs in 24 h. Variants of SafeMedWaste were optimized to denature six different controlled substance waste samples from a manufacturing facility. In contrast to side-by-side studies with a charcoal disposal system using the same drugs, SafeMedWaste fully inactivated and destroyed the controlled substances in the waste streams. Another formulation of SafeMedWaste was tested on solid medications, which were fully denatured in 48–72 h. In conclusion, SafeMedWaste irreversibly denatures controlled medications that present a problem in our society.
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Hichisson AD, Corkery JM. Alcohol/substance use and occupational/post-traumatic stress in paramedics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/jpar.2020.12.10.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Paramedics work in high-pressure environments and experience traumatic events, which contribute to high levels of occupational and post-traumatic stress. Such stress can result in alcohol and substance misuse in other health professionals, but this relationship has not been examined in paramedics. This review is the first exploration of the literature on this. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, with databases searched using terms relevant to paramedics and alcohol/substance use. Studies were analysed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative information. Findings: Eleven studies were identified. Nine studies examined alcohol use; seven examined substance use; five examined both. Alcohol and smoking may be linked to occupational stress. Conclusions: The nature and extent of alcohol and substance use in relation to occupational and post-traumatic stress among paramedics need further investigation to facilitate advice and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Hichisson
- Advanced Paramedic Practitioner (Urgent Care), Medical Directorate, London Ambulance Service NHS Trust
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice and Module Lead for Online Masters in Public Health, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield
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Ghelani A. Motives for Recreational Cannabis Use among Mental Health Professionals. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1812124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ghelani
- Faculty of Social Work, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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12
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Tao R, Jiang F, Min K, Liu T, Liu Y, Xia L, Wang J, Liu H, Tang YL. Alcohol Use Among Mental Health Professionals in China: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 56:351-359. [PMID: 32696947 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To survey the use of alcohol, and its correlates by mental health professions in China, a nation where there is rapid increase in alcohol consumption and problems. METHODS As a part of a large-scale, nation-wide online survey of healthcare professionals, we collected demographic variables and other health-related variables anonymously. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) was used to collect data on alcohol use. RESULTS 13,980 mental health professionals completed the survey (4382 doctors, 9339 nurses and 259 clinical psychologists), representing 64% of the total targeted. Respondents were predominantly female (75.1%). Alcohol consumption was reported by 41.8% of participants (by 53.9% of doctors, 36.2% of nurses and 40.5% of clinical psychologists). Based on the cut-off scores of the AUDIT-C (≥3 for women and ≥4 for men), 7.5% were classified as probable alcohol misusers in the past year, and the rates were 10.2% in doctors, 6.3% in nurses and 5.8% in clinical psychologists. Multiple logistic regression showed that male sex (OR = 3.772; CI = 3.206-4.439), being a doctor (OR = 1.259; CI = 1.052-1.506), being divorced or widowed (OR = 1.979; CI = 1.467-2.666), having an associate degree or less (OR = 1.809; CI = 1.040-3.147), working in Northeast China (OR = 1.538; CI = 1.281-1.848) and the habit of smoking (OR = 3.345; CI = 2.280-3.967) were significantly associated with alcohol misuse. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use and misuse were relatively common among mental health professionals in China, and male sex, being a doctor, with lower education, working in Northeast China and cigarette smoking were significant associations. Awareness and interventions are recommended to promote healthier use of alcohol in this professional group, especially among risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu Road, Chaohu District, Hefei, 238000, China.,Department of Substance-Related Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, 316 Huangshan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kaiyuan Min
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu Road, Chaohu District, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu Road, Chaohu District, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu Road, Chaohu District, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.,Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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Eisenmann N. Differences between Licensed Healthcare Professionals with Substance Use-Related Licensure Discipline. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2035-2042. [PMID: 32646278 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1788090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a significant public health concern in the United States and healthcare providers are not immune to this disease. The potential for patient harm presented by an impaired provider is the reason SUD in licensed healthcare professionals is a regulatory issue. Aim: This research study seeks to identify the differences in the disciplinary action taken among pharmacists, physicians, and nurses (LPN & RN) in 24 states. Methods: A retrospective secondary data analysis was performed using the public use data file of the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB). Inclusion data were grouped and recoded to analyze using Chi-square to compare differences between groups. Results: Nurses are revoked and fined at much higher rates than medicine. Nurses and pharmacists are placed on probation at higher rates than medicine, and medicine was censured more than their nursing and pharmacy colleagues. Conclusions: Licensed healthcare professionals are punished differently for similar SUD-related offenses. Further research should explore these differences to identify evidenced based ways to protect the public while assisting this special at-risk population to recover from SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Eisenmann
- University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Kroshus E, Hoopes T, Bernstein E, Chrisman SPD, Rivara FP. Direct Verbal Communication by Parents, Pressure Related to Sport Achievement, and Concussion Safety in Youth Football. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:770-779. [PMID: 31665984 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1668512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct verbal communication from parents about concussion safety and parent pressure related to sport achievement may influence concussion risk-related behavior among youth athletes. This study assessed whether less parental pressure related to sport achievement and more parental communication about concussion safety were associated with lower intentions to continue sport participation while experiencing concussion symptoms. Participants were youth football players (ages 10-14) and their parents (n = 278 dyads, response rate = 45%). Structural equation modeling was used to predict the athlete's intention to continue play with concussive symptoms. One quarter of parents had never talked with their child about any concussion safety topic, and more than half had not talked about concussion safety within the past year. Greater parent communication about concussion and less pressure on sport achievement were both associated with lower child intention to continue playing while symptomatic post-concussion. Parents who placed more pressure on their child related to sport achievement were less likely to talk about concussion safety with their child. Determining how to shape parenting that is supportive of concussion safety is an important avenue for future health education program development work. This may include efforts to parenting behaviors in the sport context that reinforce effort rather than winning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Sara P D Chrisman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick P Rivara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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A Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Approach for Stroke Associated with Drugs of Abuse. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091295. [PMID: 31450861 PMCID: PMC6780697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are associated with stroke, especially in young individuals. The major classes of drugs linked to stroke are cocaine, amphetamines, heroin, morphine, cannabis, and new synthetic cannabinoids, along with androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs). Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke have been reported due to drug abuse. Several common mechanisms have been identified, such as arrhythmias and cardioembolism, hypoxia, vascular toxicity, vascular spasm and effects on the thrombotic mechanism, as causes for ischemic stroke. For hemorrhagic stroke, acute hypertension, aneurysm formation/rupture and angiitis-like changes have been implicated. In AAS abuse, the effect of blood pressure is rather substance specific, whereas increased erythropoiesis usually leads to thromboembolism. Transient vasospasm, caused by synthetic cannabinoids, could lead to ischemic stroke. Opiates often cause infective endocarditis, resulting in ischemic stroke and hypereosinophilia accompanied by pyogenic arthritis, provoking hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic variants are linked to increased risk for stroke in cocaine abuse. The fact that case reports on cannabis-induced stroke usually refer to the young population is very alarming.
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Hallas D, Klar RT, Baldyga JA, Rattner I, Waingortin R, Fletcher J. Traditional and Nontraditional Collaborations to Improve Population Health Using Geospatial Information SystemMaps: Analysis of the Opioid Crisis. J Pediatr Health Care 2019; 33:309-322. [PMID: 30902507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aims were to analyze interprofessional practice collaborations among traditional and nontraditional health care providers and to educate nurse practitioner preceptors and students on population health, specifically, implementation of geospatial information system (GIS) maps and the correlation with the opioid crisis. METHODS A descriptive analysis was used to examine New York State data on the opioid crisis in comparison to outcome data from GIS maps of opioid use in two boroughs in New York City. Web-based modules were designed for analysis of GIS maps of opioid use near practice settings. RESULTS New York State data provided context for local opioiduse, while GIS maps identified specific areas of the New York City boroughs that were most affected by the opioid epidemic. DISCUSSION The importance of local GIS maps is that the information is available in real-time, and thus interventions can be designed, evaluated, and changed quickly to meet the immediate needs of the community.
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Tobias JSP, da Silva DLF, Ferreira PAM, da Silva AAM, Ribeiro RS, Ferreira ASP. Alcohol use and associated factors among physicians and nurses in northeast Brazil. Alcohol 2019; 75:105-112. [PMID: 30640073 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of alcohol use are closely related to its pattern of intake. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of alcohol use by doctors and nurses. Associated co-factors have also been considered. We calculated a representative sample of doctors and nurses from two hospitals in Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was employed to assess patterns of alcohol consumption. A score ≥8 was defined as alcohol misuse, and an answer to question number 3 > 1 was indicative of heavy episodic drinking (HED). In order to identify factors associated with HED and alcohol misuse, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with SPSS v20.0. A sample of 510 professionals was examined and 25% of those were abstainers; among those who had drinks containing alcohol, 86% were classified as low-risk alcohol use, scoring lower than 8, while 10.6% of the whole sample was categorized as alcohol misusers, scoring more than 8. The habit of smoking (OR = 6.02; CI: 1.71-21.16), following the Catholic religion (OR = 3.55; CI: 2.47-8.58), and also gender (OR = 3.09; CI: 1.68-5.71) were independently associated with alcohol misuse. HED was found in 14.3%. Younger age (OR = 0.96; CI: 0.92-0.98), male gender (OR = 5.13; CI: 2.55-10.30), the Catholic religion (OR = 3.22; CI: 1.44-7.21), and smoking habits (OR = 5.25; CI: 1.26-21.75) were associated with HED. Therefore, physicians and nurses have a lesser prevalence of abstainers, similar rates of alcohol misuse, and greater prevalence of HED when compared to the general Brazilian adult population. More studies involving these professionals need to be carried out in other Brazilian states in order to determine whether the results can be understood as widespread throughout the country.
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Ross CA, Jakubec SL, Berry NS, Smye V. " A Two Glass of Wine Shift": Dominant Discourses and the Social Organization of Nurses' Substance Use. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2018; 5:2333393618810655. [PMID: 30480040 PMCID: PMC6247486 DOI: 10.1177/2333393618810655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We undertook an institutional ethnography utilizing the expert knowledge of nurses who have experienced substance-use problems to discover: (a) What are the discourses embedded in the talk among nurses in their everyday work worlds that socially organize their substance-use practices and (b) how do those discourses manage these activities? Data collection included interviews, researcher reflexivity, and texts that were critically analyzed with a focus on institutional features. Analysis revealed dominant moralistic and individuated discourses in nurses’ workplace talk that socially organized their substance-use practices, subordinated and silenced experiences of work stress, and erased employers’ roles in managing working conditions. Conclusions included that nurses used substances in ways that enabled them to remain silent and keep working. Nurses’ education did not prepare them regarding nurses’ substance-use problems or managing emotional labor. Nurses viewed alcohol as an acceptable and encouraged coping strategy for nurses to manage emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Ross
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Douglas College, Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nicole S Berry
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Ke YT, Feng IJ, Hsu CC, Wang JJ, Su SB, Huang CC, Lin HJ. Nurses have a four-fold risk for overdose of sedatives, hypnotics, and antipsychotics than other healthcare providers in Taiwan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202004. [PMID: 30089164 PMCID: PMC6082541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nurses have high work stress that may contribute to an increased overdose for sedatives, hypnotics, and antipsychotics (OSHA). We conducted this nationwide population-based cross-sectional study to clarify this still unclear issue. We used a nationwide database to identify 110,379 nurses, 22,032 other healthcare providers (HCPs), and an identical number of individuals from the general population matched by age and sex. We compared the period prevalence of OSHA between nurses and the general population, other HCPs and the general population, and nurses and other HCPs, among nurse subgroups from 2006 to 2012. The risk for OSHA in nurses and in the general population was not significantly different after adjusting for anxiety, insomnia, depression, schizophrenia, and affective disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.145; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.974-1.346). However, in the age subgroups < 35 years, nurses had higher risk than the general population of having OSHA (AOR: 1.333; 95% CI: 1.109-1.601). Other HCPs had a significantly lower risk for OSHA than the general population (AOR: 0.237; 95% CI: 0.122-0.460). Nurses had a significantly higher risk for OSHA than other HCPs (AOR: 3.902; 95% CI: 2.159-7.048). Comparison among nurses showed that younger nurses (< 35 years) had a significantly higher risk for OSHA than the older nurses (≥ 50 years) (AOR: 3.569; 95% CI: 1.252-10.330). Registered nurses had significantly higher risk for OSHA than registered professional nurses (AOR: 1.810; 95% CI: 1.405-2.332); and nurses from clinics, local hospitals, and regional hospitals had significantly higher risk than nurses from medical centers. This study delineated that nurses had a nearly four-fold risk for OSHA when compared to other HCPs. Younger nurses, registered nurses, and nurses from clinics, local hospitals, and regional hospitals had higher risks for OSHA than their respective nurse controls; it suggests that more attention should be given to the occupational health of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Ke
- Nursing Department, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Feng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCH); (HJL)
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CCH); (HJL)
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Kiepek N, Baron JL. Use of substances among professionals and students of professional programs: a review of the literature. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2017.1375080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Kiepek
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jonnie-Lyn Baron
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Pivač S, Skela-Savič B. Factors associated with greater potential for alcohol misuse among the students of the Gorenjska region. OBZORNIK ZDRAVSTVENE NEGE 2016. [DOI: 10.14528/snr.2016.50.4.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Excessive alcohol consumption can stem from different biological, social, environmental, or psychological factors (e.g. peer influence, desire to be accepted within a social group, family history with alcohol addiction, availability of alcohol beverages, poor academic performance, low self-image, etc.). The aim of study was to determine the risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among the undergraduate students in the Gorenjska region. Methods: A quantitative non-experimental method of research was employed. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The purposive sample consisted of 328 first-year undergraduate students in the Gorenjska region. The research was conducted in May, October and November 2012. The data obtained were analysed using the descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The greatest influence on drinking frequency for better sociability and relaxation has the average educational attainment in the last year of secondary education (β = 0.168, p = 0.002). The following factors were identified to have a statistically significant impact on the frequency of alcohol consumption during leisure time: friendship (β = 0.131, p = 0.029), frequent socializing with friends (β = 0.127, p = 0.035), support of the family when in distress (β = - 0. 183, p = 0.001) and the average academic achievement in the last year of secondary education (β = 0.098, p = 0.043). Discussion and conclusion: The risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among the students in the Gorenjska region are mainly social (lack of family support, peer pressure) and personal (low self-image, poor academic achievement and leisure time). Characteristics of the study participants in relation to alcohol consumption do not differ from the rest of the younger population.
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Mokaya AG, Mutiso V, Musau A, Tele A, Kombe Y, Ng’ang’a Z, Frank E, Ndetei DM, Clair V. Substance Use among a Sample of Healthcare Workers in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Psychoactive Drugs 2016; 48:310-9. [PMID: 27485987 PMCID: PMC5020342 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2016.1211352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes reported substance use among Kenyan healthcare workers (HCWs), as it has implications for HCWs' health, productivity, and their ability and likelihood to intervene on substance use. The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was administered to a convenience sample of HCWs (n = 206) in 15 health facilities. Reported lifetime use was 35.8% for alcohol, 23.5% for tobacco, 9.3% for cannabis, 9.3% for sedatives, 8.8% for cocaine, 6.4% for amphetamine-like stimulants, 5.4% for hallucinogens, 3.4% for inhalants, and 3.9% for opioids. Tobacco and alcohol were also the two most commonly used substances in the previous three months. Male gender and other substance use were key predictors of both lifetime and previous three months' use rates. HCWs' substance use rates appear generally higher than those seen in the general population in Kenya, though lower than those reported among many HCWs globally. This pattern of use has implications for both HCWs and their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggrey G. Mokaya
- Master Student, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
- Master Student, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Public Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victoria Mutiso
- Director, Research Administration and Finance, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abednego Musau
- Research Officer, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Tele
- Statistician, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yeri Kombe
- Chief Research Officer, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Public Health Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Ng’ang’a
- Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academic, Research and Student Affairs), South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Erica Frank
- Professor and Canada Research Chair, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Founder and President, NextGenU.org, Clear Lake, WA, USA
| | - David M. Ndetei
- Founding Director, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Professor of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronic Clair
- Co-PI eDATA K NextGenU.org, Vancouver, BC, Canada and Senior Scientist, Africa Mental Health Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Clinical Faculty, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Saridi M, Karra A, Kourakos M, Souliotis K. Assessment of alcohol use in health professionals during the economic crisis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 25:396-8, 400-5. [PMID: 27081734 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.7.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of alcohol in health professionals during the economic crisis in Greece. The sample included 579 health professionals. Despite the fact that alcohol consumption was low and women held more negative views on the effectiveness of its use compared to men, they consumed more than men both in quantity (mean 1.57 vs 1.46, p=0.291) and in frequency (mean 1.98 vs 1.73, p=0.132). Employees with a higher level of education expressed more opposition to the use of alcohol than those with a basic level of education (93.5% vs 66.7%, p=0.004). There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of alcohol consumed after a stressful event and the frequency with which this amount of alcohol consumption occurred in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saridi
- DIrector of Nursing, General Hospital of Korinthos, Greece and Research Fellow, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Korinthos, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Karra
- Registered Nurse, Nursing Department, General Hospital of Korinthos, Greece
| | - Michael Kourakos
- Director of Nursing, General Hospital, Asklipieion Voula, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- Associate professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Korinthos, Greece
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Jiraporncharoen W, Likhitsathian S, Lerssrimongkol C, Jiraniramai S, Siriluck L, Angkurawaranon C. Sedative use: its association with harmful alcohol use, harmful tobacco use and quality of life among health care workers in Thailand. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1042081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Merlo LJ, Cummings SM, Cottler LB. Prescription drug diversion among substance-impaired pharmacists. Am J Addict 2014; 23:123-128. [PMID: 25187048 PMCID: PMC10308432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prescription drug addiction is a significant problem affecting healthcare professionals. The purpose of the present study was to identify common mechanisms of prescription drug diversion by pharmacists, in order to facilitate the development of effective prevention programs and policies for this high-risk group. METHODS A total of 32 pharmacists (71% male) who were being monitored by their State professional health program (PHP) due to substance-related impairment participated in anonymous guided group discussions. RESULTS Participants documented six primary methods of drug diversion by pharmacists: (1) taking expired drugs that can no longer be sold by the pharmacy and are awaiting disposal; (2) assuming responsibility for managing the pharmacy inventory and/or changing inventory records to prevent detection of missing drugs; (3) forging prescriptions for themselves, family members, friends, or customers in order to gain access to the drugs; (4) using "sleight of hand" techniques to acquire drugs while filling prescriptions or shelving products; (5) blatantly stealing drugs from the pharmacy, even in front of coworkers or video cameras, and (6) collecting patients' unused medications and keeping them. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Efforts to address the problem of prescription drug abuse and diversion by pharmacists should be expanded in order to safeguard pharmacies and the patients they serve. Future research should extend this study to larger samples and assess best practices for decreasing prescription drug diversion by pharmacists with addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Merlo
- University of Florida Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, Florida
- Professionals Resource Network, Inc., Fernandina Beach, Florida
| | | | - Linda B. Cottler
- University of Florida Department of Epidemiology, Gainesville, Florida
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Cross W. Addiction and substance abuse in the pharmacy professions: From discovery to recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1042-0991(15)31239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Merlo LJ, Trejo-Lopez J, Conwell T, Rivenbark J. Patterns of substance use initiation among healthcare professionals in recovery. Am J Addict 2013; 22:605-12. [PMID: 24131169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance-related impairment among healthcare professionals has significant public health implications, but little is known regarding factors associated with substance use initiation in this group. METHODS In this study, 105 healthcare professionals (80% male), who ranged in age from 24 to 68 years (M = 47.1 years, SD = 10.2) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing age at first use, education level at first use, means of access to substances upon first use, order of substance use initiation, and reasons for first and continued substance use. Physicians (51%), pharmacists (19.2%), dentists (11.5%), physician assistants (5.8%), and various other allied health professionals (12.7%) participated. RESULTS Results demonstrated that 73.2% of the professionals used tobacco, 90.4% used alcohol, and 64.4% used other drugs before beginning professional school. Reasons for first use of substances paralleled those seen in the general public (e.g., curiosity, peer influence, availability), and differed from reasons for continued substance use (e.g., getting high, addiction, stress management). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Given that onset of substance use among health professionals appears to mirror that seen in the general population, their unique treatment success rates likely cannot be solely attributed to later age-of-onset of their substance use disorder. Delaying experimentation with addictive substances and improving efforts at early identification of problematic use are crucial to preventing the development of substance use disorders among healthcare professionals, as well as the public as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Merlo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Professionals Resource Network, Inc., Fernandina Beach, Florida
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Neurological surgery: The influence of physical and mental demands on humans performing complex operations. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:342-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rosta J, Aasland OG. Changes in alcohol drinking patterns and their consequences among Norwegian doctors from 2000 to 2010: a longitudinal study based on national samples. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:99-106. [PMID: 22940613 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To describe changes in the patterns and consequences of alcohol use among Norwegian doctors from 2000 to 2010. METHODS Longitudinal study based on data from nation-wide postal surveys in 2000 and 2010 among a representative sample of 682 doctors in Norway. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to measure the changes in drinking patterns (frequency of drinking, frequency of heavy drinking and quantity of drinking), symptoms of alcohol dependence and adverse consequences of drinking. A score above 8 was defined as hazardous drinking. RESULTS From 2000 to 2010, the proportion of doctors who used alcohol twice a week or more significantly increased from 31.4 (27.9-34.9) % to 48.7 (44.9-48.7) %, and the proportion of those who drank to intoxication weekly or more decreased significantly from 6.6 (4.7-8.6) % to 2.5 (1.3-1.7) %. The proportion who scored above 8 on the AUDIT decreased from 10.7 (8.4-13.0) % in 2000 to 8.2 (6.2-10.3) % in 2010. There was a significant increase in the partial AUDIT-score for drinking patterns (t = 2.4; P = 0.016), and a significant decrease in the partial AUDIT-score for adverse consequences of drinking (t = -3.6; P < 0.001). The partial AUDIT-score for symptoms of alcohol dependence did not change significantly (t = -1.6; P = 0.112). There were gender differences in drinking patterns. Females had less frequent alcohol consumption and fewer episodes of heavy and hazardous drinking in 2000 and 2010. CONCLUSION The drinking pattern of Norwegian doctors has changed over the past decade towards more moderate alcohol consumption and less negative alcohol-related consequences. Changes in the attitude towards alcohol consumption may to a certain extent explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rosta
- Research Institute of the Norwegian Medical Association, Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway.
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Cadiz DM, O’Neill C, Butell SS, Epeneter BJ, Basin B. Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a Substance Use Awareness Educational Intervention for Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ 2012; 51:411-5. [DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20120515-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mache S, Eickenhorst P, Vitzthum K, Klapp BF, Groneberg DA. Cognitive-enhancing substance use at German universities: frequency, reasons and gender differences. Wien Med Wochenschr 2012; 162:262-71. [PMID: 22707077 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to give an overview whether German students regularly use stimulants for enhancing their academic performance. Reasons associated with the use of these substances were explored. Moreover, gender differences were analyzed. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was performed analyzing a random sample of 1,053 students of different fields of study in Germany. Students were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered web-based survey containing questions on cognitive performance-enhancing substance use. We used statistical analyses, e.g. non-parametric tests to evaluate the data of our questionnaire. RESULTS Among 1,053 students, 61 % responded to our questionnaire. The average age was M = 24.58; 635 participants were female and 418 were male students. Total 1-13 % of the participating students have taken prescription stimulants (e.g. modafinil) or illicit drugs (e.g. cannabis) at least once in their lifetime. The most common reasons for taking stimulants were to support concentration, to relax and to increase alertness. We found significant gender differences with regard to frequency and reason for using performance-enhancing substances. CONCLUSIONS Our study results give an overview about the actual situation on frequency and reasons for taking performance-enhancing substances. Departments of Public Health should address this issue in national health debates and discussions. Based on our study findings health education programmes should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mache
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Thielallee 69-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Deressa W, Azazh A. Substance use and its predictors among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:660. [PMID: 21859483 PMCID: PMC3170623 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use remains high among Ethiopian youth and young adolescents particularly in high schools and colleges. The use of alcohol, khat and tobacco by college and university students can be harmful; leading to decreased academic performance, increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. However, the magnitude of substance use and the factors associated with it has not been investigated among medical students in the country. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance use and identify factors that influenced the behavior among undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study using a pre-tested structured self-administered quantitative questionnaire was conducted in June 2009 among 622 medical students (Year I to Internship program) at the School of Medicine. The data were entered into Epi Info version 6.04d and analyzed using SPSS version 15 software program. Descriptive statistics were used for data summarization and presentation. Differences in proportions were compared for significance using Chi Square test, with significance level set at p < 0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the magnitude of associations between substance use and socio-demographic and behavioral correlates. Results In the last 12 months, alcohol was consumed by 22% (25% males vs. 14% females, p = 0.002) and khat use was reported by 7% (9% males vs. 1.5% females, p < 0.001) of the students. About 9% of the respondents (10.6% males vs. 4.6% females, p = 0.014) reported ever use of cigarette smoking, and 1.8% were found to be current smokers. Using multiple logistic regression models, being male was strongly associated with alcohol use in the last 12 months (adjusted OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.22-3.76). Students whose friends currently consume alcohol were more likely to consume alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.50-4.08) and whose friends' use tobacco more likely to smoke (adjusted OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.83-8.30). Khat use within the past 12 months was strongly and positively associated with alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 15.11, 95% CI = 4.24-53.91). Similarly, ever use of cigarette was also significantly associated with alcohol consumption (adjusted OR = 8.65, 95% CI = 3.48-21.50). Conclusions Concordant use of alcohol, khat and tobacco is observed and exposure to friends' use of substances is often implicated. Alcohol consumption or khat use has been significantly associated with tobacco use. While the findings of this study suggest that substance use among the medical students was not alarming, but its trend increased among students from Year I to Internship program. The university must be vigilant in monitoring and educating the students about the consequences of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakgari Deressa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
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The interactions between religion, religiosity, religious delusion/hallucination, and treatment-seeking behavior among schizophrenic patients in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187:347-53. [PMID: 20691483 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Religion could influence the psychopathology, treatment-seeking behavior, and treatment outcome in schizophrenia, but the associations between these factors have never been explored thoroughly, and the data in Han-Chinese society are scarcer still. The current study recruited 55 schizophrenic patients to explore the relationship between religion, psychopathology with religious content, treatment-seeking behavior, and outcome. Subjects with religious delusions/hallucinations had lower scores on functioning and higher scores on religiosity. The higher religiosity scores were correlated with older age, longer duration of illness, religious affiliation, lower preference of psychiatric treatment, lower functioning score, and delusion/hallucination. As to treatment-seeking behavior, patients with religious affiliation showed less preference toward psychiatric treatment. Individuals with religious delusion/hallucination were more likely to receive magico-religious healing and not to be satisfied with psychiatric treatment. A more positive view of psychiatric treatment was predicted by lower religiosity score, higher satisfaction with psychiatric treatment, and lower years of education. The religiosity level seems not directly related to clinical severity, but it seems to be a better predictor of religious delusions/hallucinations than religious affiliation status. Patients with religious delusions/hallucinations did not necessarily have more severe psychopathology. There are different profiles associated with religious affiliation/religiosity and religious delusions/hallucinations in relation to treatment-seeking behavior among schizophrenia patients in Han-Chinese society.
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Abstract
While surveys of nurses are an important tool in health services and policy research, they are often characterized by low response rates. The authors conducted a systematic review of 22 published reports of efforts to improve response rates to nurse surveys. Two general strategies were explored in this literature: incentive and design-based approaches. Even small financial incentives were found to be effective in improving nurse survey participation. Token nonmonetary incentives, in contrast, were much less effective. In terms of design strategies, postal and telephone strategies have generally been more successful than have fax or web-based approaches, with evidence also supporting use of mixed-mode surveys in this population. In addition, use of first-class stamps on return envelopes as well as questionnaires personalized and endorsed by legitimizing professional associations were also more likely to be successful. Researchers should continue to implement evidence-based strategies in order to improve the survey response of nurses.
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Linden IA. The effect of personal use and family history on the attitudes of medical students toward alcohol and drug users. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14659890903580458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rosta J, Aasland OG. Age differences in alcohol drinking patterns among Norwegian and German hospital doctors--a study based on national samples. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2010; 8:Doc05. [PMID: 20200658 PMCID: PMC2830568 DOI: 10.3205/000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To describe and discuss the alcohol drinking patterns of the younger generation of hospital doctors in Norway and Germany - respectively the abstainers, frequent drinkers, episodic heavy drinkers and hazardous drinkers. METHODS Data were collected in nationwide postal surveys among doctors in Norway (2000) and Germany (2006). A representative sample of 1898 German and 602 Norwegian hospital doctors aged 27-65 years were included in the analyses (N=2500). Alcohol drinking patterns were measured using the first three items of AUDIT in Norway and the AUDIT-C in Germany, scores of >or=5 (ranking from 0 to 12) indicating hazardous drinking. Episodic heavy drinking was defined by the intake of >or=60 g of ethanol, on one occasion, at least once a week. Frequent drinkers were who drank alcoholic beverages at least twice a week. Abstainers were persons who drank no alcohol. The analyses were performed separately for age groups (27-44 years versus 45-65 years) and genders. RESULTS Compared to the age groups 45 to 65 years in the Norwegian and German samples, the younger age groups (27-44 years) tend to have higher rates of abstainers, higher rates of infrequent drinking of moderate amount of alcoholic drinks, lower rates of episodic heavy drinking and lower rates of hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION The younger generation of hospital doctors in Norway and Germany showed tendencies to healthier drinking habits. Changes in professional life, and in the attitude towards alcohol consumption, may go some way towards explaining these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rosta
- The Research Institute of the Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway.
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Watson DS. The Code of Silence. AORN J 2009; 90:761-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aorn.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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