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Liu H, Huang R, Shan J, Xie X, Wang C, Hu P, Sun X. Artemis as Predictive Biomarker of Responsiveness to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:535-546. [PMID: 38248122 PMCID: PMC10814650 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify Artemis as a predictive biomarker for guiding preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. The resection specimens were collected from 50 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Artemis expression in biopsy tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining according to the percentage of positively stained cells combined with staining intensity. Among the 50 patients, 36 (72%) had a weakly positive Artemis protein expression, 10 (20%) had a moderately positive expression, and 4 (8%) showed a strongly positive expression. The criteria of magnetic resonance imaging tumor regression grade (mrTRG) and pathological rectal cancer regression grade (RCRG) were used to assess the tumor response to chemoradiotherapy. Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant negative correlation between high Artemis immunoscore and treatment response (r = -0.532, p < 0.001). The results imply that high Artemis expression was associated with poor treatment response. Our study suggested a potential role of Artemis as a predictive biomarker of the tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (H.L.); (R.H.); (J.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Runying Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (H.L.); (R.H.); (J.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Jingjing Shan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (H.L.); (R.H.); (J.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Xuyun Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (H.L.); (R.H.); (J.S.); (X.X.)
| | - Chongwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China;
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China;
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; (H.L.); (R.H.); (J.S.); (X.X.)
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Rautajoki KJ, Jaatinen S, Hartewig A, Tiihonen AM, Annala M, Salonen I, Valkonen M, Simola V, Vuorinen EM, Kivinen A, Rauhala MJ, Nurminen R, Maass KK, Lahtela SL, Jukkola A, Yli-Harja O, Helén P, Pajtler KW, Ruusuvuori P, Haapasalo J, Zhang W, Haapasalo H, Nykter M. Genomic characterization of IDH-mutant astrocytoma progression to grade 4 in the treatment setting. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:176. [PMID: 37932833 PMCID: PMC10629206 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the progression of low-grade diffuse astrocytomas into grade 4 tumors significantly impacts patient prognosis, a better understanding of this process is of paramount importance for improved patient care. In this project, we analyzed matched IDH-mutant astrocytomas before and after progression to grade 4 from six patients (discovery cohort) with genome-wide sequencing, 21 additional patients with targeted sequencing, and 33 patients from Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS cohort for validation. The Cancer Genome Atlas data from 595 diffuse gliomas provided supportive information. All patients in our discovery cohort received radiation, all but one underwent chemotherapy, and no patient received temozolomide (TMZ) before progression to grade 4 disease. One case in the discovery cohort exhibited a hypermutation signature associated with the inactivation of the MSH2 and DNMT3A genes. In other patients, the number of chromosomal rearrangements and deletions increased in grade 4 tumors. The cell cycle checkpoint gene CDKN2A, or less frequently RB1, was most commonly inactivated after receiving both chemo- and radiotherapy when compared to other treatment groups. Concomitant activating PDGFRA/MET alterations were detected in tumors that acquired a homozygous CDKN2A deletion. NRG3 gene was significantly downregulated and recurrently altered in progressed tumors. Its decreased expression was associated with poorer overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis. We also detected progression-related alterations in RAD51B and other DNA repair pathway genes associated with the promotion of error-prone DNA repair, potentially facilitating tumor progression. In our retrospective analysis of patient treatment and survival timelines (n = 75), the combination of postoperative radiation and chemotherapy (mainly TMZ) outperformed radiation, especially in the grade 3 tumor cohort, in which it was typically given after primary surgery. Our results provide further insight into the contribution of treatment and genetic alterations in cell cycle, growth factor signaling, and DNA repair-related genes to tumor evolution and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi J Rautajoki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Serafiina Jaatinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anja Hartewig
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aliisa M Tiihonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Annala
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iida Salonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masi Valkonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vili Simola
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisa M Vuorinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Kivinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna J Rauhala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Nurminen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kendra K Maass
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sirpa-Liisa Lahtela
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Yli-Harja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pauli Helén
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pekka Ruusuvuori
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Haapasalo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Frangiamone M, Lozano M, Cimbalo A, Font G, Manyes L. AFB1 and OTA Promote Immune Toxicity in Human LymphoBlastic T Cells at Transcriptomic Level. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020259. [PMID: 36673351 PMCID: PMC9858301 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are typical contaminants of food and feed, which have serious implications for human and animal health, even at low concentrations. Therefore, a transcriptomic study was carried out to analyze gene expression changes triggered by low doses of AFB1 and OTA (100 nM; 7 days), individually and combined, in human lymphoblastic T cells. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that AFB1-exposure resulted in 99 differential gene expressions (DEGs), while 77 DEGs were obtained in OTA-exposure and 3236 DEGs in the combined one. Overall, 16% of human genome expression was altered. Gene ontology analysis revealed, for all studied conditions, biological processes and molecular functions typically associated with the immune system. PathVisio analysis pointed to ataxia telangiectasia mutated signaling as the most significantly altered pathway in AFB1-exposure, glycolysis in OTA-exposure, and ferroptosis in the mixed condition (Z-score > 1.96; adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Thus, the results demonstrated the potential DNA damage caused by AFB1, the possible metabolic reprogramming promoted by OTA, and the plausible cell death with oxidative stress prompted by the mixed exposure. They may be considered viable mechanisms of action to promote immune toxicity in vitro.
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Huang CY, Lai ZY, Hsu TJ, Chou FI, Liu HM, Chuang YJ. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Eliminates Radioresistant Liver Cancer Cells by Targeting DNA Damage and Repair Responses. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1385-1401. [PMID: 36600987 PMCID: PMC9807134 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s383959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to conservative treatments remains a challenge. In previous studies, the therapeutic effectiveness and DNA damage responses of boric acid-mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BA-BNCT) in HCC have been demonstrated in animal models and HCC cell line. On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation can overcome tumor resistance. Since BNCT yields a mixture of high and low LET radiation, we aimed to explore whether and how BA-BNCT could eliminate radioresistant HCC cells. Methods Radioresistant human HCC (HepG2-R) cells were established from HepG2 cells via intermittent irradiation. HepG2 and HepG2-R cells were then irradiated with either γ-ray or neutron radiation of BA-BNCT. Colony formation assays were used to assess cell survival and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The expression of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) was also examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays to evaluate the extent of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Finally, the expression levels of DNA damage response-associated proteins were determined, followed by cell cycle analysis and caspase-3 activity analysis. Results Our data demonstrated that under the same dose by γ-ray, BNCT effectively eliminated radioresistant HCC by increasing the number of DNA DSBs (p < 0.05) and impeding their repair (p < 0.05), which verified the high RBE of BNCT. We also found that BNCT resulted in delayed homologous recombination (HR) and inhibited the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway during DNA repair. Markedly, BNCT increased cell arrest (p < 0.05) in the G2/M phase by altering G2 checkpoint signaling and increased PUMA-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that DNA damage and repair responses could affect the anticancer efficiency of BNCT in radioresistant HepG2-R cells, which highlights the potential of BNCT as a viable treatment option for recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Liu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yung-Jen Chuang, School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, Tel +886-3-5742764, Fax +886-3-5715934, Email
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Du TQ, Liu R, Zhang Q, Luo H, Chen Y, Tan M, Wang Q, Wu X, Liu Z, Sun S, Yang K, Tian J, Wang X. Does particle radiation have superior radiobiological advantages for prostate cancer cells? A systematic review of in vitro studies. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:306. [PMID: 36572945 PMCID: PMC9793637 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charged particle beams from protons to carbon ions provide many significant physical benefits in radiation therapy. However, preclinical studies of charged particle therapy for prostate cancer are extremely limited. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the biological effects of charged particles on prostate cancer from the perspective of in vitro studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review by searching EMBASE (OVID), Medline (OVID), and Web of Science databases to identify the publications assessing the radiobiological effects of charged particle irradiation on prostate cancer cells. The data of relative biological effectiveness (RBE), surviving fraction (SF), standard enhancement ratio (SER) and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) were extracted. RESULTS We found 12 studies met the eligible criteria. The relative biological effectiveness values of proton and carbon ion irradiation ranged from 0.94 to 1.52, and 1.67 to 3.7, respectively. Surviving fraction of 2 Gy were 0.17 ± 0.12, 0.55 ± 0.20 and 0.53 ± 0.16 in carbon ion, proton, and photon irradiation, respectively. PNKP inhibitor and gold nanoparticles were favorable sensitizing agents, while it was presented poorer performance in GANT61. The oxygen enhancement ratio values of photon and carbon ion irradiation were 2.32 ± 0.04, and 1.77 ± 0.13, respectively. Charged particle irradiation induced more G0-/G1- or G2-/M-phase arrest, more expression of γ-H2AX, more apoptosis, and lower motility and/or migration ability than photon irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Both carbon ion and proton irradiation have advantages over photon irradiation in radiobiological effects on prostate cancer cell lines. Carbon ion irradiation seems to have further advantages over proton irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Du
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanliang Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Tan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilong Sun
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Kehu Yang
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu People’s Republic of China
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Key biological mechanisms involved in high-LET radiation therapies with a focus on DNA damage and repair. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e15. [PMID: 35357290 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and repair studies are at the core of the radiation biology field and represent also the fundamental principles informing radiation therapy (RT). DNA damage levels are a function of radiation dose, whereas the type of damage and biological effects such as DNA damage complexity, depend on radiation quality that is linear energy transfer (LET). Both levels and types of DNA damage determine cell fate, which can include necrosis, apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Herein, we present an overview of current RT modalities in the light of DNA damage and repair with emphasis on medium to high-LET radiation. Proton radiation is discussed along with its new adaptation of FLASH RT. RT based on α-particles includes brachytherapy and nuclear-RT, that is proton-boron capture therapy (PBCT) and boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We also discuss carbon ion therapy along with combinatorial immune-based therapies and high-LET RT. For each RT modality, we summarise relevant DNA damage studies. Finally, we provide an update of the role of DNA repair in high-LET RT and we explore the biological responses triggered by differential LET and dose.
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Stanley FKT, Berger ND, Pearson DD, Danforth JM, Morrison H, Johnston JE, Warnock TS, Brenner DR, Chan JA, Pierce G, Cobb JA, Ploquin NP, Goodarzi AA. A high-throughput alpha particle irradiation system for monitoring DNA damage repair, genome instability and screening in human cell and yeast model systems. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e111. [PMID: 33010172 PMCID: PMC7641727 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is environmentally prevalent and, depending on dose and linear energy transfer (LET), can elicit serious health effects by damaging DNA. Relative to low LET photon radiation (X-rays, gamma rays), higher LET particle radiation produces more disease causing, complex DNA damage that is substantially more challenging to resolve quickly or accurately. Despite the majority of human lifetime IR exposure involving long-term, repetitive, low doses of high LET alpha particles (e.g. radon gas inhalation), technological limitations to deliver alpha particles in the laboratory conveniently, repeatedly, over a prolonged period, in low doses and in an affordable, high-throughput manner have constrained DNA damage and repair research on this topic. To resolve this, we developed an inexpensive, high capacity, 96-well plate-compatible alpha particle irradiator capable of delivering adjustable, low mGy/s particle radiation doses in multiple model systems and on the benchtop of a standard laboratory. The system enables monitoring alpha particle effects on DNA damage repair and signalling, genome stability pathways, oxidative stress, cell cycle phase distribution, cell viability and clonogenic survival using numerous microscopy-based and physical techniques. Most importantly, this method is foundational for high-throughput genetic screening and small molecule testing in mammalian and yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fintan K T Stanley
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - N Daniel Berger
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Dustin D Pearson
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John M Danforth
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hali Morrison
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - James E Johnston
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tyler S Warnock
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research and Community Health Sciences, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research and Community Health Sciences, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Greg Pierce
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Cobb
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas P Ploquin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aaron A Goodarzi
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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8
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The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4834965. [PMID: 32908893 PMCID: PMC7468606 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4834965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionising radiation- (IR-) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single-strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR-induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR-induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR-induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR-induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR-induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA-end structure, and DNA-end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathway.
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9
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Zhao L, Bao C, Shang Y, He X, Ma C, Lei X, Mi D, Sun Y. The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: doi.org/10.1155/2020/4834965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation- (IR-) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single-strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR-induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR-induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR-induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR-induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR-induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA-end structure, and DNA-end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Chengyu Bao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxuan Shang
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Xinye He
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Mi
- College of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026 Liaoning, China
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Sridharan DM, Chien LC, Cucinotta FA, Pluth JM. Comparison of signaling profiles in the low dose range following low and high LET radiation. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 25:28-41. [PMID: 32414491 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During space travel astronauts will be exposed to a very low, mixed field of radiation containing different high LET particles of varying energies, over an extended period. Thus, defining how human cells respond to these complex low dose exposures is important in ascertaining risk. In the current study, we have chosen to investigate how low doses of three different ion's at various energies uniquely change the kinetics of three different phospho-proteins. A normal hTERT immortalized fibroblast cell line, 82-6, was exposed to a range of lower doses (0.05-0.5 Gy) of radiation of different qualities and energies (Si 1000 MeV/u, Si 300 MeV/u, Si 173 MeV/u, Si 93 MeV/u, Fe 1000 MeV/u, Fe 600 MeV/u, Fe 300 MeV/u, Ti 300 MeV/u, Ti 326 MeV/u, Ti 386 MeV/u), covering a wide span of LET's. Exposed samples were analyzed for the average intensity of signal as a fold over the geometric mean level of the sham controls. Three phospho-proteins known to localize to DNA DSBs following radiation (γH2AX, pATF2, pSMC1) were studied. The kinetics of their response was quantified by flow cytometery at 2 and 24 h post exposure. These studies reveal unique kinetic patterns based on the ion, energy, fluence and time following exposure. In addition, γH2AX phosphorylation patterns are uniquely different from phospho-proteins known to be primarily phosphorylated by ATM. This latter finding suggests that the activating kinase(s), or the phosphatases deactivating these proteins, exhibit differences in their response to various radiation qualities and/ or doses of exposure. Further studies will be needed to better define what the differing kinetics for the kinases activated by the unique radiation qualities plays in the biological effectiveness of the particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa M Sridharan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, United States
| | - Francis A Cucinotta
- Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States
| | - Janice M Pluth
- Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States.
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Liu H, Wang X, Huang A, Gao H, Sun Y, Jiang T, Shi L, Wu X, Dong Q, Sun X. Silencing Artemis Enhances Colorectal Cancer Cell Sensitivity to DNA-Damaging Agents. Oncol Res 2018; 27:29-38. [PMID: 29426373 PMCID: PMC7848410 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15179694020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemis is a key protein of NHEJ (nonhomologous end joining), which is the major pathway for the repair of IR-induced DSBs in mammalian cells. However, the expression of Artemis in tumors and the influence of silencing Artemis on tumor sensitivity to radiation have not been investigated fully. In this study, we investigated how the expression levels of Artemis may affect the treatment outcome of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in colorectal cancer cells. First, we found that the expression of Artemis is strong in some human rectal cancer samples, being higher than in adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemical staining. We then knocked down Artemis gene in a human colorectal cancer cell line (RKO) using lentivirus-mediated siRNAs. Compared to the control RKO cells, the Artemis knockdown cells showed significantly increased sensitivity to bleomycin, etoposide, camptothecin, and IR. Induced by DNA-damaging agents, delayed DNA repair kinetics was found by the γ-H2AX foci assay, and a significantly increased cell apoptosis occurred in the Artemis knockdown RKO cells through apoptosis detection methods and Western blot. We also found that the p53/p21 signaling pathway may be involved in the apoptosis process. Taken together, our study indicates that manipulating Artemis can enhance colorectal cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Therefore, Artemis can serve as a therapeutic target in rectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuanxuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yikan Sun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liming Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Dong
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Averbeck NB, Topsch J, Scholz M, Kraft-Weyrather W, Durante M, Taucher-Scholz G. Efficient Rejoining of DNA Double-Strand Breaks despite Increased Cell-Killing Effectiveness following Spread-Out Bragg Peak Carbon-Ion Irradiation. Front Oncol 2016; 6:28. [PMID: 26904506 PMCID: PMC4751252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy of solid tumors with charged particles holds several advantages in comparison to photon therapy; among them conformal dose distribution in the tumor, improved sparing of tumor-surrounding healthy tissue, and an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in the tumor target volume in the case of ions heavier than protons. A crucial factor of the biological effects is DNA damage, of which DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious. The reparability of these lesions determines the cell survival after irradiation and thus the RBE. Interestingly, using phosphorylated H2AX as a DSB marker, our data in human fibroblasts revealed that after therapy-relevant spread-out Bragg peak irradiation with carbon ions DSBs are very efficiently rejoined, despite an increased RBE for cell survival. This suggests that misrepair plays an important role in the increased RBE of heavy-ion radiation. Possible sources of erroneous repair will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Averbeck
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jana Topsch
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Michael Scholz
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Wilma Kraft-Weyrather
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gisela Taucher-Scholz
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Rivera-Munoz P, Abramowski V, Jacquot S, André P, Charrier S, Lipson-Ruffert K, Fischer A, Galy A, Cavazzana M, de Villartay JP. Lymphopoiesis in transgenic mice over-expressing Artemis. Gene Ther 2015; 23:176-86. [PMID: 26361272 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Artemis is a factor of the non-homologous end joining pathway involved in DNA double-strand break repair that has a critical role in V(D)J recombination. Mutations in DCLRE1C/ARTEMIS gene result in radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency in humans owing to a lack of mature T and B cells. Given the known drawbacks of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), gene therapy appears as a promising alternative for these patients. However, the safety of an unregulated expression of Artemis has to be established. We developed a transgenic mouse model expressing human Artemis under the control of the strong CMV early enhancer/chicken beta actin promoter through knock-in at the ROSA26 locus to analyze this issue. Transgenic mice present a normal development, maturation and function of T and B cells with no signs of lymphopoietic malignancies for up to 15 months. These results suggest that the over-expression of Artemis in mice (up to 40 times) has no deleterious effects in early and mature lymphoid cells and support the safety of gene therapy as a possible curative treatment for Artemis-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rivera-Munoz
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System (DGSI), INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - V Abramowski
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System (DGSI), INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - S Jacquot
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - P André
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - K Lipson-Ruffert
- Service des Animaux Transgéaniques, UPS44, CNRS, Villejuif, France
| | - A Fischer
- Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, AP/HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | - M Cavazzana
- Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, AP/HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - J-P de Villartay
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System (DGSI), INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Sridharan DM, Asaithamby A, Bailey SM, Costes SV, Doetsch PW, Dynan WS, Kronenberg A, Rithidech KN, Saha J, Snijders AM, Werner E, Wiese C, Cucinotta FA, Pluth JM. Understanding cancer development processes after HZE-particle exposure: roles of ROS, DNA damage repair and inflammation. Radiat Res 2015; 183:1-26. [PMID: 25564719 DOI: 10.1667/rr13804.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During space travel astronauts are exposed to a variety of radiations, including galactic cosmic rays composed of high-energy protons and high-energy charged (HZE) nuclei, and solar particle events containing low- to medium-energy protons. Risks from these exposures include carcinogenesis, central nervous system damage and degenerative tissue effects. Currently, career radiation limits are based on estimates of fatal cancer risks calculated using a model that incorporates human epidemiological data from exposed populations, estimates of relative biological effectiveness and dose-response data from relevant mammalian experimental models. A major goal of space radiation risk assessment is to link mechanistic data from biological studies at NASA Space Radiation Laboratory and other particle accelerators with risk models. Early phenotypes of HZE exposure, such as the induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage signaling and inflammation, are sensitive to HZE damage complexity. This review summarizes our current understanding of critical areas within the DNA damage and oxidative stress arena and provides insight into their mechanistic interdependence and their usefulness in accurately modeling cancer and other risks in astronauts exposed to space radiation. Our ultimate goals are to examine potential links and crosstalk between early response modules activated by charged particle exposure, to identify critical areas that require further research and to use these data to reduced uncertainties in modeling cancer risk for astronauts. A clearer understanding of the links between early mechanistic aspects of high-LET response and later surrogate cancer end points could reveal key nodes that can be therapeutically targeted to mitigate the health effects from charged particle exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Sridharan
- a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
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15
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Shelke S, Das B. Dose response and adaptive response of non-homologous end joining repair genes and proteins in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to γ radiation. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:365-79. [PMID: 25473122 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation induces single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks (DSB) and base damages in human cell. DSBs are the most deleterious and if not repaired may lead to genomic instability and cell death. DSB can be repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in resting lymphocytes. In this study, NHEJ genes and proteins were studied in irradiated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at resting stage. Dose-response, time point kinetics and adaptive-response studies were conducted in irradiated PBMC at various end points such as DNA damage quantitation, transcription and protein expression profile. Venous blood samples were collected from 20 random, normal and healthy donors with written informed consent. PBMC was separated and irradiated with various doses between 0.1 and 2.0 Gy ((60)CO-γ source) for dose-response study. Repair kinetics of DNA damage and time point changes in expression of genes and proteins were studied in post-irradiated PBMC at 2.0 Gy at various time points up to 240 min. Adaptive-response study was conducted with a priming dose of 0.1 Gy followed by a challenging dose of 2.0 Gy after 4-h incubation. Our results revealed that Ku70, Ku80, XLF and Ligase IV were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) at 4-h post-irradiation at transcript and protein level. Adaptive-response study showed significantly increased expression of the proteins involved in NHEJ, suggesting their role in adaptive response in human PBMC at G0/G1, which has important implications to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridevi Shelke
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Calugaru V, Nauraye C, Cordelières FP, Biard D, De Marzi L, Hall J, Favaudon V, Mégnin-Chanet F. Involvement of the Artemis protein in the relative biological efficiency observed with the 76-MeV proton beam used at the Institut Curie Proton Therapy Center in Orsay. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 90:36-43. [PMID: 25195988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously we showed that the relative biological efficiency for induced cell killing by the 76-MeV beam used at the Institut Curie Proton Therapy Center in Orsay increased with depth throughout the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). To investigate the repair pathways underlying this increase, we used an isogenic human cell model in which individual DNA repair proteins have been depleted, and techniques dedicated to precise measurements of radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs). METHODS AND MATERIALS The 3-Gy surviving fractions of HeLa cells individually depleted of Ogg1, XRCC1, and PARP1 (the base excision repair/SSB repair pathway) or of ATM, DNA-PKcs, XRCC4, and Artemis (nonhomologous end-joining pathway) were determined at the 3 positions previously defined in the SOBP. Quantification of incident SSBs and DSBs by the alkaline elution technique and 3-dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX foci, respectively, was performed in SQ20 B cells. RESULTS We showed that the amount of SSBs and DSBs depends directly on the particle fluence and that the increase in relative biological efficiency observed in the distal part of the SOBP is due to a subset of lesions generated under these conditions, leading to cell death via a pathway in which the Artemis protein plays a central role. CONCLUSIONS Because therapies like proton or carbon beams are now being used to treat cancer, it is even more important to dissect the mechanisms implicated in the repair of the lesions generated by these particles. Additionally, alteration of the expression or activity of the Artemis protein could be a novel therapeutic tool before high linear energy transfer irradiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Calugaru
- Institut Curie Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; INSERM U612, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Nauraye
- Institut Curie Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | | | - Denis Biard
- Centre d'Etude Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes, Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Institut Curie Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Janet Hall
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; INSERM U612, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; INSERM U612, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Frédérique Mégnin-Chanet
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France; INSERM U612, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.
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The repair of environmentally relevant DNA double strand breaks caused by high linear energy transfer irradiation – No simple task. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 17:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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