1
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Chao YW, Lee YL, Tseng CS, Wang LUH, Hsia KC, Chen H, Fustin JM, Azeem S, Chang TT, Chen CY, Kung FC, Hsueh YP, Huang YS, Chao HW. Improved CaP Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid and Protein Delivery to Neural Primary Cultures and Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4822-4839. [PMID: 38285698 PMCID: PMC10867895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Efficiently delivering exogenous materials into primary neurons and neural stem cells (NSCs) has long been a challenge in neurobiology. Existing methods have struggled with complex protocols, unreliable reproducibility, high immunogenicity, and cytotoxicity, causing a huge conundrum and hindering in-depth analyses. Here, we establish a cutting-edge method for transfecting primary neurons and NSCs, named teleofection, by a two-step process to enhance the formation of biocompatible calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles. Teleofection enables both nucleic acid and protein transfection into primary neurons and NSCs, eliminating the need for specialized skills and equipment. It can easily fine-tune transfection efficiency by adjusting the incubation time and nanoparticle quantity, catering to various experimental requirements. Teleofection's versatility allows for the delivery of different cargos into the same cell culture, whether simultaneously or sequentially. This flexibility proves invaluable for long-term studies, enabling the monitoring of neural development and synapse plasticity. Moreover, teleofection ensures the consistent and robust expression of delivered genes, facilitating molecular and biochemical investigations. Teleofection represents a significant advancement in neurobiology, which has promise to transcend the limitations of current gene delivery methods. It offers a user-friendly, cost-effective, and reproducible approach for researchers, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of brain function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-San Tseng
- Department
of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lily Ueh-Hsi Wang
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chiang Hsia
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department
of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- The
University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sayma Azeem
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tung Chang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Che Kung
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming Chao-Tung University and Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wen Chao
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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2
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Falkenberry E, Reeves M, Scott A, Myrick D, Fallini C, Bassell G, Katz D. LSD1/KDM1A is essential for neural stem cell differentiation in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.02.569711. [PMID: 38076951 PMCID: PMC10705553 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.02.569711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The proper regulation of neural stem cell differentiation is required for the proper specification of the central nervous system. Here we investigated the function of the H3K4me1/2 demethylase LSD1/KDM1A during neural stem differentiation in mice. Conditional deletion of LSD1 in nestin- positive neural stem cells results in 100% perinatal lethality after birth with severe motor coordination deficits, retarded growth and defects in brain morphology. Despite these severe defects, motor neuron progenitors and the initial motor neuron population are specified normally and motor neurons with normal morphology can be cultured from these mice in vitro. However, motor neurons cultured from mice lacking LSD1 in neural stem cells continue to inappropriately maintain critical neural stem cell proteins. Taken together these results suggest that, as in other mouse stem cell populations, LSD1 is required to deactivate the stem cell program to enable normal neural stem cell differentiation. However, unlike in other mouse stem cell populations, the inappropriate maintenance of the stem cell program during neural stem cell differentiation may compromise neuronal function rather than neuronal specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. Falkenberry
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - M. Reeves
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - C. Fallini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - G.J. Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - D.J. Katz
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
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3
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Riboldi GM, Faravelli I, Rinchetti P, Lotti F. SMN post-translational modifications in spinal muscular atrophy. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1092488. [PMID: 36874214 PMCID: PMC9981653 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first identification as the gene responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the range of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein functions has increasingly expanded. This multimeric complex plays a crucial role in a variety of RNA processing pathways. While its most characterized function is in the biogenesis of ribonucleoproteins, several studies have highlighted the SMN complex as an important contributor to mRNA trafficking and translation, axonal transport, endocytosis, and mitochondria metabolism. All these multiple functions need to be selectively and finely modulated to maintain cellular homeostasis. SMN has distinct functional domains that play a crucial role in complex stability, function, and subcellular distribution. Many different processes were reported as modulators of the SMN complex activities, although their contribution to SMN biology still needs to be elucidated. Recent evidence has identified post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a way to regulate the pleiotropic functions of the SMN complex. These modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, sumoylation, and many other types. PTMs can broaden the range of protein functions by binding chemical moieties to specific amino acids, thus modulating several cellular processes. Here, we provide an overview of the main PTMs involved in the regulation of the SMN complex with a major focus on the functions that have been linked to SMA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Lotti
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Diseases, Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology, and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Phadke L, Lau DHW, Aghaizu ND, Ibarra S, Navarron CM, Granat L, Magno L, Whiting P, Jolly S. A primary rodent triculture model to investigate the role of glia-neuron crosstalk in regulation of neuronal activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1056067. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1056067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, and new models are required to investigate the cellular crosstalk involved in these processes. We developed an approach to generate a quantitative and reproducible triculture system that is suitable for pharmacological studies. While primary rat cells were previously grown in a coculture medium formulated to support only neurons and astrocytes, we now optimised a protocol to generate tricultures containing neurons, astrocytes and microglia by culturing in a medium designed to support all three cell types and adding exogenous microglia to cocultures. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the intended cell types were present. The percentage of ramified microglia in the tricultures decreases as the number of microglia present increases. Multi-electrode array recordings indicate that microglia in the triculture model suppress neuronal activity in a dose-dependent manner. Neurons in both cocultures and tricultures are responsive to the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, suggesting that neurons remained viable and functional in the triculture model. Furthermore, suppressed neuronal activity in tricultures correlates with decreased densities of dendritic spines and of the postsynaptic protein Homer1 along dendrites, indicative of a direct or indirect effect of microglia on synapse function. We thus present a functional triculture model, which, due to its more complete cellular composition, is a more relevant model than standard cocultures. The model can be used to probe glia-neuron interactions and subsequently aid the development of assays for drug discovery, using neuronal excitability as a functional endpoint.
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5
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Baron DM, Fenton AR, Saez-Atienzar S, Giampetruzzi A, Sreeram A, Shankaracharya, Keagle PJ, Doocy VR, Smith NJ, Danielson EW, Andresano M, McCormack MC, Garcia J, Bercier V, Van Den Bosch L, Brent JR, Fallini C, Traynor BJ, Holzbaur ELF, Landers JE. ALS-associated KIF5A mutations abolish autoinhibition resulting in a toxic gain of function. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110598. [PMID: 35385738 PMCID: PMC9134378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of disease mutations is critical to advancing treatments. ALS-associated mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule motor KIF5A result in skipping of exon 27 (KIF5AΔExon27) and the encoding of a protein with a novel 39 amino acid residue C-terminal sequence. Here, we report that expression of ALS-linked mutant KIF5A results in dysregulated motor activity, cellular mislocalization, altered axonal transport, and decreased neuronal survival. Single-molecule analysis revealed that the altered C terminus of mutant KIF5A results in a constitutively active state. Furthermore, mutant KIF5A possesses altered protein and RNA interactions and its expression results in altered gene expression/splicing. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that causative ALS mutations result in a toxic gain of function in the intracellular motor KIF5A that disrupts intracellular trafficking and neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree M Baron
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Adam R Fenton
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony Giampetruzzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aparna Sreeram
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pamela J Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victoria R Doocy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathan J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Eric W Danielson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Megan Andresano
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mary C McCormack
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jaqueline Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Valérie Bercier
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan R Brent
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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6
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Umek T, Olsson T, Gissberg O, Saher O, Zaghloul EM, Lundin KE, Wengel J, Hanse E, Zetterberg H, Vizlin-Hodzic D, Smith CIE, Zain R. Oligonucleotides Targeting DNA Repeats Downregulate Huntingtin Gene Expression in Huntington's Patient-Derived Neural Model System. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:443-456. [PMID: 34520257 PMCID: PMC8713517 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders. It affects the striatum, cerebral cortex, and other subcortical structures leading to involuntary movement abnormalities, emotional disturbances, and cognitive impairments. HD is caused by a CAG•CTG trinucleotide-repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene leading to the formation of mutant HTT (mtHTT) protein aggregates. Besides the toxicity of the mutated protein, there is also evidence that mtHTT transcripts contribute to the disease. Thus, the reduction of both mutated mRNA and protein would be most beneficial as a treatment. Previously, we designed a novel anti-gene oligonucleotide (AGO)-based strategy directly targeting the HTT trinucleotide-repeats in DNA and reported downregulation of mRNA and protein in HD patient fibroblasts. In this study, we differentiate HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to investigate the efficacy of the AGO, a DNA/Locked Nucleic Acid mixmer with phosphorothioate backbone, to modulate HTT transcription during neural in vitro development. For the first time, we demonstrate downregulation of HTT mRNA following both naked and magnetofected delivery into neural stem cells (NSCs) and show that neither emergence of neural rosette structures nor self-renewal of NSCs is compromised. Furthermore, the inhibition potency of both HTT mRNA and protein without off-target effects is confirmed in neurons. These results further validate an anti-gene approach for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Umek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Gissberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Osama Saher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Zaghloul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eric Hanse
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dzeneta Vizlin-Hodzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Koh A, Sarusie MV, Ohmer J, Fischer U, Winkler C, Wohland T. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Survival Motor Neuron Oligomerization but No Active Transport in Motor Axons of a Zebrafish Model for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639904. [PMID: 34458251 PMCID: PMC8385639 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting lower motor neurons that is caused by a deficiency in ubiquitously expressed Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses have been discussed to explain increased motor neuron vulnerability in SMA. Reduced SMN levels have been proposed to lead to defective snRNP assembly and aberrant splicing of transcripts that are essential for motor neuron maintenance. An alternative hypothesis proposes a motor neuron-specific function for SMN in axonal transport of mRNAs and/or RNPs. To address these possibilities, we used a novel in vivo approach with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in transgenic zebrafish embryos to assess the subcellular dynamics of Smn in motor neuron cell bodies and axons. Using fluorescently tagged Smn we show that it exists as two freely diffusing components, a monomeric, and a complex-bound, likely oligomeric, component. This oligomer hypothesis was supported by the disappearance of the complex-bound form for a truncated Smn variant that is deficient in oligomerization and a change in its dynamics under endogenous Smn deficient conditions. Surprisingly, our FCS measurements did not provide any evidence for an active transport of Smn in axons. Instead, our in vivo observations are consistent with previous findings that SMN acts as a chaperone for the assembly of snRNP and mRNP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Menachem Viktor Sarusie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jürgen Ohmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (Biozentrum), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (Biozentrum), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Birsa N, Ule AM, Garone MG, Tsang B, Mattedi F, Chong PA, Humphrey J, Jarvis S, Pisiren M, Wilkins OG, Nosella ML, Devoy A, Bodo C, de la Fuente RF, Fisher EMC, Rosa A, Viero G, Forman-Kay JD, Schiavo G, Fratta P. FUS-ALS mutants alter FMRP phase separation equilibrium and impair protein translation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabf8660. [PMID: 34290090 PMCID: PMC8294762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein (RBP). FUS mutations lead to its cytoplasmic mislocalization and cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we use mouse and human models with endogenous ALS-associated mutations to study the early consequences of increased cytoplasmic FUS. We show that in axons, mutant FUS condensates sequester and promote the phase separation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), another RBP associated with neurodegeneration. This leads to repression of translation in mouse and human FUS-ALS motor neurons and is corroborated in vitro, where FUS and FMRP copartition and repress translation. Last, we show that translation of FMRP-bound RNAs is reduced in vivo in FUS-ALS motor neurons. Our results unravel new pathomechanisms of FUS-ALS and identify a novel paradigm by which mutations in one RBP favor the formation of condensates sequestering other RBPs, affecting crucial biological functions, such as protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Birsa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agnieszka M Ule
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Maria Giovanna Garone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brian Tsang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Trento, Italy
| | - P Andrew Chong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Seth Jarvis
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Melis Pisiren
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Oscar G Wilkins
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Micheal L Nosella
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anny Devoy
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Cristian Bodo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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9
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Huang RY, Liu ZH, Weng WH, Chang CW. Magnetic nanocomplexes for gene delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4267-4286. [PMID: 33942822 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery is an indispensable technique for various biomedical applications such as gene therapy, stem cell engineering and gene editing. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increasing attention for their use in promoting gene delivery efficiency. Under magnetic attraction, gene delivery efficiency using viral or nonviral gene carriers could be universally enhanced. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles could be utilized in magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic hyperthermia therapy, providing extra theranostic opportunities. In this review, recent research integrating MNPs with a viral or nonviral gene vector is summarized from both technical and application perspectives. Applications of MNPs in cutting-edge research technologies, such as biomimetic cell membrane nano-gene carriers, exosome-based gene delivery, cell-based drug delivery systems or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Han Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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10
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Tharaneetharan A, Cole M, Norman B, Romero NC, Wooltorton JRA, Harrington MA, Sun J. Functional Abnormalities of Cerebellum and Motor Cortex in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 452:78-97. [PMID: 33212215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating genetic neuromuscular disease. Diffuse neuropathology has been reported in SMA patients and mouse models, however, functional changes in brain regions have not been studied. In the SMNΔ7 mouse model, we identified three types of differences in neuronal function in the cerebellum and motor cortex from two age groups: P7-9 (P7) and P11-14 (P11). Microelectrode array studies revealed significantly lower spontaneous firing and network activity in the cerebellum of SMA mice in both age groups, but it was more profound in the P11 group. In the motor cortex, however, neural activity was not different in either age group. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to study the function of output neurons in both brain regions. In cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) of SMA mice, the input resistance was larger at P7, while capacitance was smaller at P11. In the motor cortex, no difference was observed in the passive membrane properties of layer V pyramidal neurons (PN5s). The action potential threshold of both types of output neurons was depolarized in the P11 group. We also observed lower spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity in PN5s and PCs respectively from P11 SMA mice. Overall, these differences suggest functional alterations in the neural network in these motor regions that change during development. Our results also suggest that neuronal dysfunction in these brain regions may contribute to the pathology of SMA. Comprehensive treatment strategies may consider motor regions outside of the spinal cord for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugarajah Tharaneetharan
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Madison Cole
- Department of Psychology, Washington College, Chestertown, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Norman
- Department of Biology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Nayeli C Romero
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Julian R A Wooltorton
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Melissa A Harrington
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Jianli Sun
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
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11
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Liang C, Shao Q, Zhang W, Yang M, Chang Q, Chen R, Chen JF. Smcr8 deficiency disrupts axonal transport-dependent lysosomal function and promotes axonal swellings and gain of toxicity in C9ALS/FTD mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3940-3953. [PMID: 31625563 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G4C2 repeat expansions in an intron of C9ORF72 cause the most common familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (collectively, C9ALS/FTD). Mechanisms and mediators of C9ALS/FTD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. C9orf72 and Smcr8 form a protein complex. Here, we show that expression of Smcr8, like C9orf72, is reduced in C9ALS/FTD mouse models and patient tissues. Since Smcr8 is highly conserved between human and mouse, we evaluated the effects of Smcr8 downregulation in mice. Smcr8 knockout (KO) mice exhibited motor behavior deficits, which resemble those of C9ALS/FTD mouse models, and displayed axonal swellings in their spinal cords and neuromuscular junctions. These deficits are caused by impaired autophagy-lysosomal functions due to disrupted axonal transport in mutant motor neurons. Consistent with its interaction with C9orf72 and their downregulation in patient tissues, Smcr8 deficiency exacerbated autophagy-lysosomal impairment in C9orf72 KO mice. The disease relevance of Smcr8 downregulation was reflected by exacerbated axonal swellings and gain of toxicity pathology arising from Smcr8 haploinsufficiency in a mouse model of C9ALS/FTD. Thus, our in vivo studies suggested that Smcr8 deficiency impairs axonal transport dependent autophagy-lysosomal function and exacerbates axonal degeneration and gain of toxicity in C9ALS/FTD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Qiang Shao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mei Yang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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12
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Hayes LR, Asress SA, Li Y, Galkin A, Stepanova A, Kawamata H, Manfredi G, Glass JD. Distal denervation in the SOD1 knockout mouse correlates with loss of mitochondria at the motor nerve terminal. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:251-257. [PMID: 31082391 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of mitochondrial transport has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathy and neurodegeneration. However, the role of mitochondria in stabilizing motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1-/-), develop progressive NMJ denervation. This was rescued by expression of SOD1 exclusively in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (MitoSOD1/Sod1-/-), suggesting that oxidative stress within mitochondria drives denervation in these animals. However, we also observed reduced mitochondrial density in Sod1-/- motor axons in vitro. To investigate the relationship between mitochondrial density and NMJ innervation in vivo, we crossed Sod1-/- mice with the fluorescent reporter strains Thy1-YFP and Thy1-mitoCFP. We identified an age-dependent loss of mitochondria at motor nerve terminals in Sod1-/- mice, that closely correlated with NMJ denervation, and was rescued by MitoSOD1 expression. To test whether augmenting mitochondrial transport rescues Sod1-/- axons, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the mitochondrial cargo adaptor, Miro1. This led to a partial rescue of mitochondrial density at motor nerve terminals by 12 months of age, but was insufficient to prevent denervation. These findings suggest that loss of mitochondria in the distal motor axon may contribute to denervation in Sod1-/- mice, perhaps via loss of key mitochondrial functions such as calcium buffering and/or energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Seneshaw A Asress
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexander Galkin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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13
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Alabdullah AA, Al-Abdulaziz B, Alsalem H, Magrashi A, Pulicat SM, Almzroua AA, Almohanna F, Assiri AM, Al Tassan NA, Al-Mubarak BR. Estimating transfection efficiency in differentiated and undifferentiated neural cells. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:225. [PMID: 30987672 PMCID: PMC6466792 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Delivery of constructs for silencing or over-expressing genes or their modified versions is a crucial step for studying neuronal cell biology. Therefore, efficient transfection is important for the success of these experimental techniques especially in post-mitotic cells like neurons. In this study, we have assessed the transfection rate, using a previously established protocol, in both primary cortical cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines. Transfection efficiencies in these preparations have not been systematically determined before. Results Transfection efficiencies obtained herein were (10–12%) for neuroblastoma, (5–12%) for primary astrocytes and (1.3–6%) for primary neurons. We also report on cell-type specific transfection efficiency of neurons and astrocytes within primary cortical cultures when applying cell-type selective transfection protocols. Previous estimations described in primary cortical or hippocampal cultures were either based on general observations or on data derived from unspecified number of biological and/or technical replicates. Also to the best of our knowledge, transfection efficiency of pure primary neuronal cultures or astrocytes cultured in the context of pure or mixed (neurons/astrocytes) population cultures have not been previously determined. The transfection strategy used herein represents a convenient, and a straightforward tool for targeted cell transfection that can be utilized in a variety of in vitro applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4249-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Alabdullah
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.,National Center for Genomics Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Al-Abdulaziz
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.,National Center for Genomics Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alsalem
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Magrashi
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subramanian M Pulicat
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer A Almzroua
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falah Almohanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohamed Assiri
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A Al Tassan
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Laboratory Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Sun J, Harrington MA. The Alteration of Intrinsic Excitability and Synaptic Transmission in Lumbar Spinal Motor Neurons and Interneurons of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30792629 PMCID: PMC6374350 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of death in infants. Studies with mouse models have demonstrated increased excitability and loss of afferent proprioceptive synapses on motor neurons (MNs). To further understand functional changes in the motor neural network occurring in SMA, we studied the intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission of both MNs and interneurons (INs) from ventral horn in the lumbar spinal cord in the survival motor neuron (SMN)Δ7 mouse model. We found significant differences in the membrane properties of MNs in SMA mice compared to littermate controls, including hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, increased input resistance and decreased membrane capacitance. Action potential (AP) properties in MNs from SMA mice were also different from controls, including decreased rheobase current, increased amplitude and an increased afterdepolarization (ADP) potential. The relationship between AP firing frequency and injected current was reduced in MNs, as was the threshold current, while the percentage of MNs showing long-lasting potentiation (LLP) in the intrinsic excitability was higher in SMA mice. INs showed a high rate of spontaneous firing, and those from SMA mice fired at higher frequency. INs from SMA mice showed little difference in their input-output relationship, threshold current, and plasticity in intrinsic excitability. The changes observed in both passive membrane and AP properties suggest greater overall excitability in both MNs and INs in SMA mice, with MNs showing more differences. There were also changes of synaptic currents in SMA mice. The average charge transfer per post-synaptic current of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents (sEPSCs/sIPSCs) were lower in SMA MNs, while in INs sIPSC frequency was higher. Strikingly in light of the known loss of excitatory synapses on MNs, there was no difference in sEPSC frequency in MNs from SMA mice compared to controls. For miniature synaptic currents, mEPSC frequency was higher in SMA MNs, while for SMA INs, both mEPSC and mIPSC frequencies were higher. In SMA-affected mice we observed alterations of intrinsic and synaptic properties in both MNs and INs in the spinal motor network that may contribute to the pathophysiology, or alternatively, may be a compensatory response to preserve network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Sun
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States.,Department of Biological Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Melissa A Harrington
- Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States.,Department of Biological Science, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States
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15
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Khalil B, Morderer D, Price PL, Liu F, Rossoll W. mRNP assembly, axonal transport, and local translation in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2018; 1693:75-91. [PMID: 29462608 PMCID: PMC5997521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development, maturation, and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system rely on complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. In neurons, this is achieved by the expression of differentially localized isoforms and specific sets of mRNA-binding proteins (mRBPs) that regulate RNA processing, mRNA trafficking, and local protein synthesis at remote sites within dendrites and axons. There is growing evidence that axons contain a specialized transcriptome and are endowed with the machinery that allows them to rapidly alter their local proteome via local translation and protein degradation. This enables axons to quickly respond to changes in their environment during development, and to facilitate axon regeneration and maintenance in adult organisms. Aside from providing autonomy to neuronal processes, local translation allows axons to send retrograde injury signals to the cell soma. In this review, we discuss evidence that disturbances in mRNP transport, granule assembly, axonal localization, and local translation contribute to pathology in various neurodegenerative diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Khalil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Dmytro Morderer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Phillip L Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Feilin Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA; Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
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16
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Coyne AN, Lorenzini I, Chou CC, Torvund M, Rogers RS, Starr A, Zaepfel BL, Levy J, Johannesmeyer J, Schwartz JC, Nishimune H, Zinsmaier K, Rossoll W, Sattler R, Zarnescu DC. Post-transcriptional Inhibition of Hsc70-4/HSPA8 Expression Leads to Synaptic Vesicle Cycling Defects in Multiple Models of ALS. Cell Rep 2018; 21:110-125. [PMID: 28978466 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a synaptopathy accompanied by the presence of cytoplasmic aggregates containing TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein linked to ∼97% of ALS cases. Using a Drosophila model of ALS, we show that TDP-43 overexpression (OE) in motor neurons results in decreased expression of the Hsc70-4 chaperone at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Mechanistically, mutant TDP-43 sequesters hsc70-4 mRNA and impairs its translation. Expression of the Hsc70-4 ortholog, HSPA8, is also reduced in primary motor neurons and NMJs of mice expressing mutant TDP-43. Electrophysiology, imaging, and genetic interaction experiments reveal TDP-43-dependent defects in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. These deficits can be partially restored by OE of Hsc70-4, cysteine-string protein (Csp), or dynamin. This suggests that TDP-43 toxicity results in part from impaired activity of the synaptic CSP/Hsc70 chaperone complex impacting dynamin function. Finally, Hsc70-4/HSPA8 expression is also post-transcriptionally reduced in fly and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) C9orf72 models, suggesting a common disease pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Coyne
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ileana Lorenzini
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meaghan Torvund
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Robert S Rogers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexander Starr
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Benjamin L Zaepfel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer Levy
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jeffrey Johannesmeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jacob C Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Konrad Zinsmaier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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17
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Bowerman M, Becker CG, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Ning K, Wood MJA, Gillingwater TH, Talbot K. Therapeutic strategies for spinal muscular atrophy: SMN and beyond. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:943-954. [PMID: 28768735 PMCID: PMC5560066 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy, generally presenting in childhood. SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) due to inactivating mutations in the encoding gene SMN1. A second duplicated gene, SMN2, produces very little but sufficient functional protein for survival. Therapeutic strategies to increase SMN are in clinical trials, and the first SMN2-directed antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy has recently been licensed. However, several factors suggest that complementary strategies may be needed for the long-term maintenance of neuromuscular and other functions in SMA patients. Pre-clinical SMA models demonstrate that the requirement for SMN protein is highest when the structural connections of the neuromuscular system are being established, from late fetal life throughout infancy. Augmenting SMN may not address the slow neurodegenerative process underlying progressive functional decline beyond childhood in less severe types of SMA. Furthermore, individuals receiving SMN-based treatments may be vulnerable to delayed symptoms if rescue of the neuromuscular system is incomplete. Finally, a large number of older patients living with SMA do not fulfill the present criteria for inclusion in gene therapy and ASO clinical trials, and may not benefit from SMN-inducing treatments. Therefore, a comprehensive whole-lifespan approach to SMA therapy is required that includes both SMN-dependent and SMN-independent strategies that treat the CNS and periphery. Here, we review the range of non-SMN pathways implicated in SMA pathophysiology and discuss how various model systems can serve as valuable tools for SMA drug discovery. Summary: Translational research for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) should address the development of non-CNS and survival motor neuron (SMN)-independent therapeutic approaches to complement and enhance the benefits of CNS-directed and SMN-dependent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bowerman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research and Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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18
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Chou CC, Zhang Y, Umoh ME, Vaughan SW, Lorenzini I, Liu F, Sayegh M, Donlin-Asp PG, Chen YH, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Powers MA, Kukar T, Hales CM, Gearing M, Cairns NJ, Boylan KB, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, Zhang YJ, Petrucelli L, Sattler R, Zarnescu DC, Glass JD, Rossoll W. TDP-43 pathology disrupts nuclear pore complexes and nucleocytoplasmic transport in ALS/FTD. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:228-239. [PMID: 29311743 PMCID: PMC5800968 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a common histopathological hallmark of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia disease spectrum (ALS/FTD). However, the composition of aggregates and their contribution to the disease process remain unknown. Here we used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to interrogate the interactome of detergent-insoluble TDP-43 aggregates and found them enriched for components of the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery. Aggregated and disease-linked mutant TDP-43 triggered the sequestration and/or mislocalization of nucleoporins and transport factors, and interfered with nuclear protein import and RNA export in mouse primary cortical neurons, human fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Nuclear pore pathology is present in brain tissue in cases of sporadic ALS and those involving genetic mutations in TARDBP and C9orf72. Our data strongly implicate TDP-43-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport defects as a common disease mechanism in ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mfon E Umoh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Spencer W Vaughan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ileana Lorenzini
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Feilin Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Melissa Sayegh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yu Han Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen A Powers
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin B Boylan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by mutations/deletions within the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene that lead to a pathological reduction of SMN protein levels. SMN is part of a multiprotein complex, functioning as a molecular chaperone that facilitates the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP). In addition to its role in spliceosome formation, SMN has also been found to interact with mRNA-binding proteins (mRBPs), and facilitate their assembly into mRNP transport granules. The association of protein and RNA in RNP complexes plays an important role in an extensive and diverse set of cellular processes that regulate neuronal growth, differentiation, and the maturation and plasticity of synapses. This review discusses the role of SMN in RNP assembly and localization, focusing on molecular defects that affect mRNA processing and may contribute to SMA pathology.
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20
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Abstract
Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia. Major chemical methods described in this chapter are lipofection, polyfection, gold complexation, and carbon-based methods. Combination approaches to improve transfection efficiency or reduce immunological response have shown great promise in expanding the scope of non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wong
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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21
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Smith BN, Topp SD, Fallini C, Shibata H, Chen HJ, Troakes C, King A, Ticozzi N, Kenna KP, Soragia-Gkazi A, Miller JW, Sato A, Dias DM, Jeon M, Vance C, Wong CH, de Majo M, Kattuah W, Mitchell JC, Scotter EL, Parkin NW, Sapp PC, Nolan M, Nestor PJ, Simpson M, Weale M, Lek M, Baas F, Vianney de Jong JM, Ten Asbroek ALMA, Redondo AG, Esteban-Pérez J, Tiloca C, Verde F, Duga S, Leigh N, Pall H, Morrison KE, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw PJ, Kirby J, Turner MR, Talbot K, Hardiman O, Glass JD, De Belleroche J, Maki M, Moss SE, Miller C, Gellera C, Ratti A, Al-Sarraj S, Brown RH, Silani V, Landers JE, Shaw CE. Mutations in the vesicular trafficking protein annexin A11 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaad9157. [PMID: 28469040 PMCID: PMC6599403 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. We screened 751 familial ALS patient whole-exome sequences and identified six mutations including p.D40G in the ANXA11 gene in 13 individuals. The p.D40G mutation was absent from 70,000 control whole-exome sequences. This mutation segregated with disease in two kindreds and was present in another two unrelated cases (P = 0.0102), and all mutation carriers shared a common founder haplotype. Annexin A11-positive protein aggregates were abundant in spinal cord motor neurons and hippocampal neuronal axons in an ALS patient carrying the p.D40G mutation. Transfected human embryonic kidney cells expressing ANXA11 with the p.D40G mutation and other N-terminal mutations showed altered binding to calcyclin, and the p.R235Q mutant protein formed insoluble aggregates. We conclude that mutations in ANXA11 are associated with ALS and implicate defective intracellular protein trafficking in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Smith
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Simon D Topp
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hideki Shibata
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Athina Soragia-Gkazi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Jack W Miller
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Akane Sato
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Diana Marques Dias
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Maryangel Jeon
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Caroline Vance
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Chun Hao Wong
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Martina de Majo
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Wejdan Kattuah
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Jacqueline C Mitchell
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas W Parkin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Viapath, Genetics Centre, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Matthew Nolan
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Peter J Nestor
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Simpson
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Tower, London Bridge, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Michael Weale
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Tower, London Bridge, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Monkel Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box 22700, 1100DE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J M Vianney de Jong
- Department of Genome Analysis, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box 22700, 1100DE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anneloor L M A Ten Asbroek
- Department of Genome Analysis, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box 22700, 1100DE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Garcia Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U-723 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), U-723 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nigel Leigh
- Trafford Centre for Medical Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, BN1 9RY Brighton, UK
| | - Hardev Pall
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacqueline De Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Masatoshi Maki
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, EC1V 9EL London, UK
| | - Christopher Miller
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, SE5 9NU London, UK.
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ALS-linked FUS exerts a gain of toxic function involving aberrant p38 MAPK activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:115. [PMID: 28273913 PMCID: PMC5428330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Liposarcoma (FUS) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive axonal degeneration mainly affecting motor neurons. Evidence from transgenic mouse models suggests mutant forms of FUS exert an unknown gain-of-toxic function in motor neurons, but mechanisms underlying this effect remain unknown. Towards this end, we studied the effect of wild type FUS (FUS WT) and three ALS-linked variants (G230C, R521G and R495X) on fast axonal transport (FAT), a cellular process critical for appropriate maintenance of axonal connectivity. All ALS-FUS variants impaired anterograde and retrograde FAT in squid axoplasm, whereas FUS WT had no effect. Misfolding of mutant FUS is implicated in this process, as the molecular chaperone Hsp110 mitigated these toxic effects. Interestingly, mutant FUS-induced impairment of FAT in squid axoplasm and of axonal outgrowth in mammalian primary motor neurons involved aberrant activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, as also reported for ALS-linked forms of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Accordingly, increased levels of active p38 MAPK were detected in post-mortem human ALS-FUS brain tissues. These data provide evidence for a novel gain-of-toxic function for ALS-linked FUS involving p38 MAPK activation.
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23
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Donlin-Asp PG, Fallini C, Campos J, Chou CC, Merritt ME, Phan HC, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W. The Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Acts as a Molecular Chaperone for mRNP Assembly. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1660-1673. [PMID: 28199839 PMCID: PMC5492976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is part of a multiprotein complex that facilitates the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). SMN has also been found to associate with mRNA-binding proteins, but the nature of this association was unknown. Here, we have employed a combination of biochemical and advanced imaging methods to demonstrate that SMN promotes the molecular interaction between IMP1 protein and the 3' UTR zipcode region of β-actin mRNA, leading to assembly of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes that associate with the cytoskeleton to facilitate trafficking. We have identified defects in mRNP assembly in cells and tissues from SMA disease models and patients that depend on the SMN Tudor domain and explain the observed deficiency in mRNA localization and local translation, providing insight into SMA pathogenesis as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-assembly disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jazmin Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Megan E Merritt
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han C Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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24
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Oscillating Magnet Array-Based Nanomagnetic Gene Transfection: A Valuable Tool for Molecular Neurobiology Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7020028. [PMID: 28336862 PMCID: PMC5333013 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To develop treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, it is critical to understand the biology and function of neurons in both normal and diseased states. Molecular studies of neurons involve the delivery of small biomolecules into cultured neurons via transfection to study genetic variants. However, as cultured primary neurons are sensitive to temperature change, stress, and shifts in pH, these factors make biomolecule delivery difficult, particularly non-viral delivery. Herein we used oscillating nanomagnetic gene transfection to successfully transfect SH-SY5Y cells as well as primary hippocampal and cortical neurons on different days in vitro. This novel technique has been used to effectively deliver genetic material into various cell types, resulting in high transfection efficiency and viability. From these observations and other related studies, we suggest that oscillating nanomagnetic gene transfection is an effective method for gene delivery into hard-to-transfect neuronal cell types.
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25
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Deficiency of the Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Impairs mRNA Localization and Local Translation in the Growth Cone of Motor Neurons. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3811-20. [PMID: 27030765 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2396-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting spinal motor neurons. It is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays an essential role in the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in all tissues. The etiology of the specific defects in the motor circuitry in SMA is still unclear, but SMN has also been implicated in mediating the axonal localization of mRNA-protein complexes, which may contribute to the axonal degeneration observed in SMA. Here, we report that SMN deficiency severely disrupts local protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones. We also identify the cytoskeleton-associated growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) mRNA as a new target of SMN and show that motor neurons from SMA mouse models have reduced levels ofGAP43mRNA and protein in axons and growth cones. Importantly, overexpression of two mRNA-binding proteins, HuD and IMP1, restoresGAP43mRNA and protein levels in growth cones and rescues axon outgrowth defects in SMA neurons. These findings demonstrate that SMN plays an important role in the localization and local translation of mRNAs with important axonal functions and suggest that disruption of this function may contribute to the axonal defects observed in SMA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays a key role in assembling RNA/protein complexes that are essential for mRNA splicing. It remains unclear whether defects in this well characterized housekeeping function cause the specific degeneration of spinal motor neurons observed in SMA. Here, we describe an additional role of SMN in regulating the axonal localization and local translation of the mRNA encoding growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43). This study supports a model whereby SMN deficiency impedes transport and local translation of mRNAs important for neurite outgrowth and stabilization, thus contributing to axon degeneration, muscle denervation, and motor neuron cell death in SMA.
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26
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Shin J, Salameh JS, Richter JD. Impaired neurodevelopment by the low complexity domain of CPEB4 reveals a convergent pathway with neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29395. [PMID: 27381259 PMCID: PMC4933966 DOI: 10.1038/srep29395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CPEB4 is an RNA binding protein expressed in neuronal tissues including brain and spinal cord. CPEB4 has two domains: one that is structured for RNA binding and one that is unstructured and low complexity that has no known function. Unstructured low complexity domains (LCDs) in proteins are often found in RNA-binding proteins and have been implicated in motor neuron degenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, indicating that these regions mediate normal RNA processing as well as pathological events. While CPEB4 null knockout mice are normal, animals expressing only the CPEB4 LCD are neonatal lethal with impaired mobility that display defects in neuronal development such as reduced motor axon branching and abnormal neuromuscular junction formation. Although full-length CPEB4 is nearly exclusively cytoplasmic, the CPEB4 LCD forms nucleolar aggregates and CPEB4 LCD-expressing animals have altered ribosomal RNA biogenesis, ribosomal protein gene expression, and elevated levels of stress response genes such as the actin-bundling protein DRR1, which impedes neurite outgrowth. Some of these features share similarities with other LCD-related neurodegenerative disease. Most strikingly, DRR1 appears to be a common focus of several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Our study reveals a possible molecular convergence between a neurodevelopmental defect and neurodegeneration mediated by LCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Shin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johnny S Salameh
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel D Richter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Donlin-Asp PG, Bassell GJ, Rossoll W. A role for the survival of motor neuron protein in mRNP assembly and transport. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:53-61. [PMID: 27131421 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Localization and local translation of mRNA plays a key role in neuronal development and function. While studies in various systems have provided insights into molecular mechanisms of mRNA transport and local protein synthesis, the factors that control the assembly of mRNAs and mRNA binding proteins into messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) transport granules remain largely unknown. In this review we will discuss how insights on a motor neuron disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is advancing our understanding of regulated assembly of transport competent mRNPs and how defects in their assembly and delivery may contribute to the degeneration of motor neurons observed in SMA and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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28
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Shalaby SM, Khater MK, Perucho AM, Mohamed SA, Helwa I, Laknaur A, Lebedyeva I, Liu Y, Diamond MP, Al-Hendy AA. Magnetic nanoparticles as a new approach to improve the efficacy of gene therapy against differentiated human uterine fibroid cells and tumor-initiating stem cells. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1638-1648.e8. [PMID: 27020169 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether efficient transduction and subsequent elimination of fibroid tumor-initiating stem cells during debulking of tumor cells will aid in completely eradicating the tumor as well as decreasing the likelihood of recurrence. DESIGN Case control study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) complexed to adenovirus (Ad-GFP) or (Ad-LacZ) used to transfect differentiated human fibroid cells in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rate of transduction and tumor growth inhibition. RESULT(S) We have developed a localized nonsurgical adenovirus-based alternative for the treatment of uterine fibroids that combines viral-based gene delivery with nanotechnology for more efficient targeting. Magnetic nanoparticles complexed to adenovirus, in the presence of an external magnetic field, accelerate adenovirus transduction. We observed a statistically significant increase in transduction efficiency among differentiated human fibroid cells at two different multiplicities of infection (MOI), 1 and 10, respectively, with MNPs as compared with adenovirus alone. Human fibroid stem cells transfected with Ad-LacZ expressed β-galactosidaze at a MOI of 1, 10, and 50 at 19%, 62%, and 90%, respectively, which were statistically significantly enhanced with MNPs. CONCLUSION(S) When applied with adenovirus herpes simplex thymidine kinase, magnetofection statistically significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cell types. Through the use of magnetofection, we will prove that a lower viral dose will effectively increase the overall safety profile of suicide gene therapy against fibroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaz Mahmood Shalaby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Pharmacology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K Khater
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Aymara Mas Perucho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sara A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Archana Laknaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ayman A Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Pinkernelle J, Raffa V, Calatayud MP, Goya GF, Riggio C, Keilhoff G. Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:305. [PMID: 26388717 PMCID: PMC4557102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) show new characteristics compared to the corresponding bulk material. These nanoscale properties make them interesting for various applications in biomedicine and life sciences. One field of application is the use of magnetic NPs to support regeneration in the nervous system. Drug delivery requires a functionalization of NPs with bio-functional molecules. In our study, we functionalized self-made PEI-coated iron oxide NPs with nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Next, we tested the bio-functionality of NGF in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and the bio-functionality of GDNF in an organotypic spinal cord culture. Covalent binding of NGF to PEI-NPs impaired bio-functionality of NGF, but non-covalent approach differentiated PC12 cells reliably. Non-covalent binding of GDNF showed a satisfying bio-functionality of GDNF:PEI-NPs, but turned out to be unstable in conjugation to the PEI-NPs. Taken together, our study showed the importance of assessing bio-functionality and binding stability of functionalized growth factors using proper biological models. It also shows that successful functionalization of magnetic NPs with growth factors is dependent on the used binding chemistry and that it is hardly predictable. For use as therapeutics, functionalization strategies have to be reproducible and future studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Pinkernelle
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, University of PisaPisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant' AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | - Gerado F. Goya
- Aragon Institute of Nanosciences, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of ZaragozaSpain
| | - Cristina Riggio
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant' AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University of MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
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Klinman E, Holzbaur ELF. Comparative analysis of axonal transport markers in primary mammalian neurons. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 131:409-24. [PMID: 26794526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Axonal transport is important for neuronal development and the maintenance of effective neuronal function in mature cells. Observing the active transport of organelles and vesicles along the axons of living neurons has emerged as a valuable tool for probing the health of the neuron, and assessing changes associated with stress and neurodegenerative disease. Transport relies on two families of motor proteins: kinesins and dynein. Using these motors, a diverse set of cargos are transported toward the axon tip, the cell body, or anywhere in between. Of particular interest are organelles and cargos associated with disease and the changes in motility that these cargos undergo during pathogenesis. Here, we describe the factors that should be considered when studying different cargos, and the imaging parameters associated with optimal tracking of various organelles and proteins. Ultimately, the ideal cargo to investigate depends on the question being asked and the limitations of individual microscopes available for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klinman
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Chou CC, Alexeeva OM, Yamada S, Pribadi A, Zhang Y, Mo B, Williams KR, Zarnescu DC, Rossoll W. PABPN1 suppresses TDP-43 toxicity in ALS disease models. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5154-73. [PMID: 26130692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. Both the cytoplasmic accumulation of toxic ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 fragments and the loss of normal TDP-43 from the nucleus may contribute to the disease progression by impairing normal RNA and protein homeostasis. Therefore, both the removal of pathological protein and the rescue of TDP-43 mislocalization may be critical for halting or reversing TDP-43 proteinopathies. Here, we report poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) as a novel TDP-43 interaction partner that acts as a potent suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity. Overexpression of full-length PABPN1 but not a truncated version lacking the nuclear localization signal protects from pathogenic TDP-43-mediated toxicity, promotes the degradation of pathological TDP-43 and restores normal solubility and nuclear localization of endogenous TDP-43. Reduced levels of PABPN1 enhances the phenotypes in several cell culture and Drosophila models of ALS and results in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43. Moreover, PABPN1 rescues the dysregulated stress granule (SG) dynamics and facilitates the removal of persistent SGs in TDP-43-mediated disease conditions. These findings demonstrate a role for PABPN1 in rescuing several cytopathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathy by increasing the turnover of pathologic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Amy Pribadi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Mo
- Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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32
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Fernandes AR, Chari DM. A multicellular, neuro-mimetic model to study nanoparticle uptake in cells of the central nervous system. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 6:855-61. [PMID: 25017718 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the uptake and handling of biomedically relevant nanoparticles by cells of the nervous system critically underpins the effective use of nanoparticle platforms for neuro-regenerative therapies. The lack of biologically relevant and 'neuromimetic' models for nanomaterials testing (that can simulate the cellular complexity of neural tissue) currently represents a bottleneck. Further, propagation of individual cell types, in different neural cell-specific media (as commonly occurs in the nanotechnology field), can result in non-standardised corona formation around particles, confounding analyses of intercellular differences between neural cells in nanoparticle uptake. To address these challenges, we have developed a facile multicellular model that broadly simulates the ratios of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes found in vivo. All cell types in the model are derived from a single neural stem cell source, and propagated in the same medium overcoming the issue of variant corona formation. Using a fluorescent transfection-grade magnetic particle (MP), we demonstrate dramatic differences in particle uptake and resultant gene transfer between neural cell subtypes, with astrocytes being the dominant population in terms of particle uptake and transfection. We demonstrate the compatibility of the model with a high resolution scanning electron microscopy technique, allowing for membrane features of MP stimulated cells to be examined. Using this approach, astrocytes displayed high membrane activity in line with extensive particle uptake/transfection, relative to neurons and oligodendrocytes. We consider that the stem cell based model described here can provide a simple and versatile tool to evaluate interactions of neural cells with nanoparticle systems developed for neurological applications. Models of greater complexity can be evolved from this basic system, to further enhance its neuromimetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernandes
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
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33
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Oral O, Cıkım T, Zuvin M, Unal O, Yagci-Acar H, Gozuacik D, Koşar A. Effect of Varying Magnetic Fields on Targeted Gene Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Molecules. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2816-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Son S, Liang MS, Lei P, Xue X, Furlani EP, Andreadis ST. Magnetofection Mediated Transient NANOG Overexpression Enhances Proliferation and Myogenic Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1314-27. [PMID: 25685943 DOI: 10.1021/bc5005203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We used magnetofection (MF) to achieve high transfection efficiency into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A custom-made magnet array, matching well-to-well to a 24-well plate, was generated and characterized. Theoretical predictions of magnetic force distribution within each well demonstrated that there was no magnetic field interference among magnets in adjacent wells. An optimized protocol for efficient gene delivery to human hair follicle derived MSCs (hHF-MSCs) was established using an egfp-encoding plasmid, reaching approximately ∼50% transfection efficiency without significant cytotoxicity. Then we applied the optimized MF protocol to express the pluripotency-associated transcription factor NANOG, which was previously shown to reverse the effects of organismal aging on MSC proliferation and myogenic differentiation capacity. Indeed, MF-mediated NANOG delivery increased proliferation and enhanced the differentiation of hHF-MSCs into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Collectively, our results show that MF can achieve high levels of gene delivery to MSCs and, therefore, may be employed to moderate or reverse the effects of cellular senescence or reprogram cells to the pluripotent state without permanent genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stelios T Andreadis
- ∥Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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35
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Soto-Sánchez C, Martínez-Navarrete G, Humphreys L, Puras G, Zarate J, Pedraz JL, Fernández E. Enduring high-efficiency in vivo transfection of neurons with non-viral magnetoparticles in the rat visual cortex for optogenetic applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:835-43. [PMID: 25680542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work demonstrates the successful long-term transfection in vivo of a DNA plasmid vector in rat visual cortex neurons using the magnetofection technique. The transfection rates reached values of up to 97% of the neurons after 30days, comparable to those achieved by viral vectors. Immunohistochemical treatment with anti-EGFP antibodies enhanced the detection of the EYFP-channelrhodopsin expression throughout the dendritic trees and cell bodies. These results show that magnetic nanoparticles offer highly efficient and enduring in vivo high-rate transfection in identified neurons of an adult mammalian brain and suggest that the magnetotechnique facilitates the introduction of large functional genetic material like channelrhodopsin with safe non-viral vectors using minimally invasive approaches. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Gene therapy may be one of the treatment modalities for neurological diseases in the future. The use of viral transfection remains a concern due to restrictions to the size limit of the genetic material able to be packed, as well as safety issues. In this work, the authors evaluated magnetoplexes as an alternative vehicle. The results showed very promising data in that these nanoparticles could offer high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Soto-Sánchez
- Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | | | - Lawrence Humphreys
- Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Gustavo Puras
- Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain; NanoBioCel Group, University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Spain.
| | - Jon Zarate
- Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain; NanoBioCel Group, University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Spain.
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain; NanoBioCel Group, University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Spain.
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Bioengineering Institute, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Spain; Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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36
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Smith BN, Ticozzi N, Fallini C, Gkazi AS, Topp S, Kenna KP, Scotter EL, Kost J, Keagle P, Miller JW, Calini D, Vance C, Danielson EW, Troakes C, Tiloca C, Al-Sarraj S, Lewis EA, King A, Colombrita C, Pensato V, Castellotti B, de Belleroche J, Baas F, ten Asbroek ALMA, Sapp PC, McKenna-Yasek D, McLaughlin RL, Polak M, Asress S, Esteban-Pérez J, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Simpson M, van Rheenen W, Diekstra FP, Lauria G, Duga S, Corti S, Cereda C, Corrado L, Sorarù G, Morrison KE, Williams KL, Nicholson GA, Blair IP, Dion PA, Leblond CS, Rouleau GA, Hardiman O, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Al-Chalabi A, Pall H, Shaw PJ, Turner MR, Talbot K, Taroni F, García-Redondo A, Wu Z, Glass JD, Gellera C, Ratti A, Brown RH, Silani V, Shaw CE, Landers JE. Exome-wide rare variant analysis identifies TUBA4A mutations associated with familial ALS. Neuron 2014; 84:324-31. [PMID: 25374358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exome sequencing is an effective strategy for identifying human disease genes. However, this methodology is difficult in late-onset diseases where limited availability of DNA from informative family members prohibits comprehensive segregation analysis. To overcome this limitation, we performed an exome-wide rare variant burden analysis of 363 index cases with familial ALS (FALS). The results revealed an excess of patient variants within TUBA4A, the gene encoding the Tubulin, Alpha 4A protein. Analysis of a further 272 FALS cases and 5,510 internal controls confirmed the overrepresentation as statistically significant and replicable. Functional analyses revealed that TUBA4A mutants destabilize the microtubule network, diminishing its repolymerization capability. These results further emphasize the role of cytoskeletal defects in ALS and demonstrate the power of gene-based rare variant analyses in situations where causal genes cannot be identified through traditional segregation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Smith
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Athina Soragia Gkazi
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jason Kost
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Pamela Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jack W Miller
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Daniela Calini
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Caroline Vance
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Eric W Danielson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Claire Troakes
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Lewis
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrew King
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacqueline de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome analysis and Neurogenetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Diane McKenna-Yasek
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Muñoz-Blanco
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Gregorio Marañón de Madrid, SERMAS, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Experimental Neurobiology Laboratory, IRCCS 'C. Mondino' National Neurological Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), "A. Avogadro" University, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Hardev Pall
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zheyang Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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37
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Lu L, Zheng L, Si Y, Luo W, Dujardin G, Kwan T, Potochick NR, Thompson SR, Schneider DA, King PH. Hu antigen R (HuR) is a positive regulator of the RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31792-31804. [PMID: 25239623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene regulation is governed by a network of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with regulatory elements in the mRNA to modulate multiple molecular processes, including splicing, RNA transport, RNA stability, and translation. Mounting evidence indicates that there is a hierarchy within this network whereby certain RBPs cross-regulate other RBPs to coordinate gene expression. HuR, an RNA-binding protein we linked previously to aberrant VEGF mRNA metabolism in models of SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been identified as being high up in this hierarchy, serving as a regulator of RNA regulators. Here we investigated the role of HuR in regulating two RBPs, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, that have been linked genetically to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We found that HuR promotes the expression of both RBPs in primary astrocytes and U251 cells under normal and stressed (hypoxic) conditions. For TDP-43, we found that HuR binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and regulates its expression through translational efficiency rather than RNA stability. With HuR knockdown, there was a shift of TDP-43 and FUS mRNAs away from polysomes, consistent with translational silencing. The TDP-43 splicing function was attenuated upon HuR knockdown and could be rescued by ectopic TDP-43 lacking the 3' UTR regulatory elements. Finally, conditioned medium from astrocytes in which HuR or TDP-43 was knocked down produced significant motor neuron and cortical neuron toxicity in vitro. These findings indicate that HuR regulates TDP-43 and FUS/TLS expression and that loss of HuR-mediated RNA processing in astrocytes can alter the molecular and cellular landscape to produce a toxic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ying Si
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Gwendal Dujardin
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Nicholas R Potochick
- Departments of Microbiology, and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Departments of Microbiology, and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David A Schneider
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Peter H King
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and
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Zhao X, Cui H, Chen W, Wang Y, Cui B, Sun C, Meng Z, Liu G. Morphology, structure and function characterization of PEI modified magnetic nanoparticles gene delivery system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98919. [PMID: 24911360 PMCID: PMC4049641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified magnetic nanoparticles are used as non-viral gene carriers in biological applications. To achieve successful gene delivery, it is critical that nanoparticles effectually assemble with nucleic acids. However, relatively little work has been conducted on the assemble mechanisms between nanoparticles and DNA, and its effects on transfection efficiency. Using biophysical and biochemical characterization, along with Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigate the morphologies, assembling structures and gene delivering abilities of the PEI modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) gene delivery system. In this gene delivery system, MNP/DNA complexes are formed via binding of DNA onto the surface of MNPs. MNPs are favorable to not only increase DNA concentration but also prevent DNA degradation. Magnetofection experiments showed that MNPs has low cytotoxicity and introduces highly stable transfection in mammalian somatic cells. In addition, different binding ratios between MNPs and DNA result in various morphologies of MNP/DNA complexes and have an influence on transfection efficiency. Dose–response profile indicated that transfection efficiency positively correlate with MNP/DNA ratio. Furthermore, intracellular tracking demonstrate that MNPs move though the cell membranes, deliver and release exogenous DNA into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nano biological Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nano biological Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bustos FJ, Varela-Nallar L, Campos M, Henriquez B, Phillips M, Opazo C, Aguayo LG, Montecino M, Constantine-Paton M, Inestrosa NC, van Zundert B. PSD95 suppresses dendritic arbor development in mature hippocampal neurons by occluding the clustering of NR2B-NMDA receptors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94037. [PMID: 24705401 PMCID: PMC3976375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunits NR2A and NR2B are critical mediators of synaptic plasticity and dendritogenesis; however, how they differentially regulate these processes is unclear. Here we investigate the roles of the NR2A and NR2B subunits, and of their scaffolding proteins PSD-95 and SAP102, in remodeling the dendritic architecture of developing hippocampal neurons (2–25 DIV). Analysis of the dendritic architecture and the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the NMDARs and anchoring proteins in immature cultures revealed a strong positive correlation between synaptic expression of the NR2B subunit and dendritogenesis. With maturation, the pruning of dendritic branches was paralleled by a strong reduction in overall and synaptic expression of NR2B, and a significant elevation in synaptic expression of NR2A and PSD95. Using constructs that alter the synaptic composition, we found that either over-expression of NR2B or knock-down of PSD95 by shRNA-PSD95 augmented dendritogenesis in immature neurons. Reactivation of dendritogenesis could also be achieved in mature cultured neurons, but required both manipulations simultaneously, and was accompanied by increased dendritic clustering of NR2B. Our results indicate that the developmental increase in synaptic expression of PSD95 obstructs the synaptic clustering of NR2B-NMDARs, and thereby restricts reactivation of dendritic branching. Experiments with shRNA-PSD95 and chimeric NR2A/NR2B constructs further revealed that C-terminus of the NR2B subunit (tail) was sufficient to induce robust dendritic branching in mature hippocampal neurons, and suggest that the NR2B tail is important in recruiting calcium-dependent signaling proteins and scaffolding proteins necessary for dendritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. Bustos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Campos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Berta Henriquez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marnie Phillips
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carlos Opazo
- Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martha Constantine-Paton
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Anderson EN, White JA, Gunawardena S. Axonal transport and neurodegenerative disease: vesicle-motor complex formation and their regulation. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2014; 4:29-47. [PMID: 32669899 PMCID: PMC7337264 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s57502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of axonal transport serves to move components over very long distances on microtubule tracks in order to maintain neuronal viability. Molecular motors - kinesin and dynein - are essential for the movement of neuronal cargoes along these tracks; defects in this pathway have been implicated in the initiation or progression of some neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that this process may be a key contributor in neuronal dysfunction. Recent work has led to the identification of some of the motor-cargo complexes, adaptor proteins, and their regulatory elements in the context of disease proteins. In this review, we focus on the assembly of the amyloid precursor protein, huntingtin, mitochondria, and the RNA-motor complexes and discuss how these may be regulated during long-distance transport in the context of neurodegenerative disease. As knowledge of these motor-cargo complexes and their involvement in axonal transport expands, insight into how defects in this pathway contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases becomes evident. Therefore, a better understanding of how this pathway normally functions has important implications for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases before the onset of disease pathology or behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Zhao X, Cui H, Chen W, Wang Y, Cui B, Sun C, Meng Z, Liu G. Morphology, structure and function characterization of PEI modified magnetic nanoparticles gene delivery system. PLoS One 2014. [PMID: 24911360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098919.ecollection2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified magnetic nanoparticles are used as non-viral gene carriers in biological applications. To achieve successful gene delivery, it is critical that nanoparticles effectually assemble with nucleic acids. However, relatively little work has been conducted on the assemble mechanisms between nanoparticles and DNA, and its effects on transfection efficiency. Using biophysical and biochemical characterization, along with Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigate the morphologies, assembling structures and gene delivering abilities of the PEI modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) gene delivery system. In this gene delivery system, MNP/DNA complexes are formed via binding of DNA onto the surface of MNPs. MNPs are favorable to not only increase DNA concentration but also prevent DNA degradation. Magnetofection experiments showed that MNPs has low cytotoxicity and introduces highly stable transfection in mammalian somatic cells. In addition, different binding ratios between MNPs and DNA result in various morphologies of MNP/DNA complexes and have an influence on transfection efficiency. Dose-response profile indicated that transfection efficiency positively correlate with MNP/DNA ratio. Furthermore, intracellular tracking demonstrate that MNPs move though the cell membranes, deliver and release exogenous DNA into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Nano biological Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Nano biological Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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The functions and regulatory principles of mRNA intracellular trafficking. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 825:57-96. [PMID: 25201103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1221-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular localization of RNA molecules is a key step in the control of gene expression that impacts a broad array of biological processes in different organisms and cell types. Like other aspects of posttranscriptional gene regulation discussed in this collection of reviews, the intracellular trafficking of mRNAs is modulated by a complex regulatory code implicating specific cis-regulatory elements, RNA-binding proteins, and cofactors that function combinatorially to dictate precise localization mechanisms. In this review, we first discuss the functional benefits of transcript localization, the regulatory principles involved, and specific molecular mechanisms that have been described for a few well-characterized mRNAs. We also overview some of the emerging genomic and imaging technologies that have provided significant insights into this layer of gene regulation. Finally, we highlight examples of human diseases where defective transcript localization has been documented.
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44
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Small nuclear RNAs and mRNAs: linking RNA processing and transport to spinal muscular atrophy. Biochem Soc Trans 2013; 41:871-5. [PMID: 23863147 DOI: 10.1042/bst20120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The splicing of pre-mRNA by the spliceosome is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells, dependent on a group of snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins). These splicing snRNPs have a complex assembly pathway involving multiple steps that take place in different regions of the cell, which is reflected in their complex subcellular distribution. Vital to the assembly of splicing snRNPs is the protein SMN (survival of motor neurons). In multicellular organisms, SMN acts in the cytoplasm, together with its associated protein complex to assemble a heptameric ring of proteins called the Sm proteins as an early stage in splicing snRNP assembly. A deficiency of the SMN protein results in the inherited neurodegenerative condition SMA (spinal muscular atrophy), a leading cause of infant mortality specifically affecting spinal motor neurons. It has long been a puzzle how lowered levels of a protein required for a process as fundamental as splicing snRNP assembly can result in a condition with such a definite cell-type-specificity. The present review highlights recent research that points to wider roles in RNA metabolism for both SMN itself and the Sm proteins with which it is linked.
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Rage F, Boulisfane N, Rihan K, Neel H, Gostan T, Bertrand E, Bordonné R, Soret J. Genome-wide identification of mRNAs associated with the protein SMN whose depletion decreases their axonal localization. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:1755-1766. [PMID: 24152552 PMCID: PMC3884661 DOI: 10.1261/rna.040204.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disease resulting from mutations in the SMN1 gene, which encodes the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is part of a large complex that is essential for the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear RNPs. SMN also colocalizes with mRNAs in granules that are actively transported in neuronal processes, supporting the hypothesis that SMN is involved in axonal trafficking of mRNPs. Here, we have performed a genome-wide analysis of RNAs present in complexes containing the SMN protein and identified more than 200 mRNAs associated with SMN in differentiated NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. Remarkably, ~30% are described to localize in axons of different neuron types. In situ hybridization and immuno-fluorescence experiments performed on several candidates indicate that these mRNAs colocalize with the SMN protein in neurites and axons of differentiated NSC-34 cells. Moreover, they localize in cell processes in an SMN-dependent manner. Thus, low SMN levels might result in localization deficiencies of mRNAs required for axonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Rage
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Nawal Boulisfane
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Khalil Rihan
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Henry Neel
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thierry Gostan
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Johann Soret
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier 1, 34967 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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Fallini C, Rouanet JP, Donlin-Asp PG, Guo P, Zhang H, Singer RH, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Dynamics of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein interaction with the mRNA-binding protein IMP1 facilitates its trafficking into motor neuron axons. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 74:319-332. [PMID: 23897586 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease specifically affecting spinal motor neurons. SMA is caused by the homozygous deletion or mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The SMN protein plays an essential role in the assembly of spliceosomal ribonucleoproteins. However, it is still unclear how low levels of the ubiquitously expressed SMN protein lead to the selective degeneration of motor neurons. An additional role for SMN in the regulation of the axonal transport of mRNA-binding proteins (mRBPs) and their target mRNAs has been proposed. Indeed, several mRBPs have been shown to interact with SMN, and the axonal levels of few mRNAs, such as the β-actin mRNA, are reduced in SMA motor neurons. In this study we have identified the β-actin mRNA-binding protein IMP1/ZBP1 as a novel SMN-interacting protein. Using a combination of biochemical assays and quantitative imaging techniques in primary motor neurons, we show that IMP1 associates with SMN in individual granules that are actively transported in motor neuron axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IMP1 axonal localization depends on SMN levels, and that SMN deficiency in SMA motor neurons leads to a dramatic reduction of IMP1 protein levels. In contrast, no difference in IMP1 protein levels was detected in whole brain lysates from SMA mice, further suggesting neuron specific roles of SMN in IMP1 expression and localization. Taken together, our data support a role for SMN in the regulation of mRNA localization and axonal transport through its interaction with mRBPs such as IMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fallini
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeremy P Rouanet
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Honglai Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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47
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Henriquez B, Bustos FJ, Aguilar R, Becerra A, Simon F, Montecino M, van Zundert B. Ezh1 and Ezh2 differentially regulate PSD-95 gene transcription in developing hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 57:130-43. [PMID: 23932971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediates transcriptional silencing by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), but its role in the maturation of postmitotic mammalian neurons remains largely unknown. We report that the PRC2 paralogs Ezh1 and Ezh2 are differentially expressed during hippocampal development. We show that depletion of Ezh2 leads to increased expression of PSD-95, a critical plasticity gene, and that reduced PSD-95 gene transcription is correlated with enrichment of Ezh2 at the PSD-95 gene promoter; however, the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark is not present at the PSD-95 gene promoter, likely due to the antagonizing effects of the H3S28P and H3K27Ac marks and the activity of the H3K27 demethylases JMJD3 and UTX. In contrast, increased PSD-95 gene transcription is accompanied by the presence of Ezh1 and elongation-engaged RNA Polymerase II complexes at the PSD-95 gene promoter, while knock-down of Ezh1 reduces PSD-95 transcription. These results indicate that Ezh1 and Ezh2 have antagonistic roles in regulating PSD-95 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Henriquez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 239, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Republica 239, Santiago, Chile
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Wang W, Li L, Lin WL, Dickson DW, Petrucelli L, Zhang T, Wang X. The ALS disease-associated mutant TDP-43 impairs mitochondrial dynamics and function in motor neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4706-19. [PMID: 23827948 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TDP-43 lead to familial ALS. Expanding evidence suggests that impaired mitochondrial dynamics likely contribute to the selective degeneration of motor neurons in SOD1-associated ALS. In this study, we investigated whether and how TDP-43 mutations might impact mitochondrial dynamics and function. We demonstrated that overexpression of wild-type TDP-43 resulted in reduced mitochondrial length and density in neurites of primary motor neurons, features further exacerbated by ALS-associated TDP-43 mutants Q331K and M337V. In contrast, suppression of TDP-43 resulted in significantly increased mitochondrial length and density in neurites, suggesting a specific role of TDP-43 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Surprisingly, both TDP-43 overexpression and suppression impaired mitochondrial movement. We further showed that abnormal localization of TDP-43 in cytoplasm induced substantial and widespread abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. TDP-43 co-localized with mitochondria in motor neurons and their colocalization was enhanced by ALS associated mutant. Importantly, co-expression of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) could abolish TDP-43 induced mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these data suggest that mutant TDP-43 impairs mitochondrial dynamics through enhanced localization on mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics is likely a common feature of ALS which could be potential new therapeutic targets to treat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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JENKINS STUARTI, PICKARD MARKR, CHARI DIVYAM. MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED GENE DELIVERY IN OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELLS: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS VERSUS PRECURSOR FORMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984412430015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a major platform for the formulation of magnetic vectors for nonviral gene delivery. Notably the application of "magnetofection" strategies (use of magnetic fields to increase MNP–cell interactions) can significantly enhance MNP mediated gene transfer. Despite the potential of this approach, the use of MNPs and magnetofection for gene delivery to oligodendrocytes (the cells that make and maintain myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system) has never been tested. Here, we prove the feasibility of using MNPs in conjunction with applied static or oscillating gradient magnetic fields (the "magnetofection" method) to deliver genes to oligodendrocytes; all applied magnetic field conditions resulted in greater transfection than the no field condition but overall transfection levels obtained were typically low (ca. < 6%). Oligodendrocyte transfection levels under all magnetic field conditions were less than a third compared with their parent cell population, the oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time that, within cells of a specific neural lineage, the amenability to transfection is dependent on the differentiation status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- STUART I. JENKINS
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - MARK R. PICKARD
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - DIVYA M CHARI
- Cellular and Neural Engineering Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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Nishimoto Y, Okano HJ, Imai T, Poole AJ, Suzuki N, Keirstead HS, Okano H. Cellular toxicity induced by the 26-kDa fragment and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant forms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in human embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ncn3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nishimoto
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Department ofNeurology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotaka J Okano
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takao Imai
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Aleksandra J Poole
- California Stem Cell; School of Medicine; Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Department ofNeurology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hans S Keirstead
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology; School of Medicine; Reeve-Irvine Research Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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