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Wang Q, Xiong J, Xu H, Sun W, Pan X, Cui S, Lv S, Zhang Y. Enhanced Enzymatic Performance of Immobilized Pseudomonas fluorescens Lipase on ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and Its Application to the Synthesis of Neryl Acetate with Transesterification Reaction. Molecules 2024; 29:2922. [PMID: 38930986 PMCID: PMC11207022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, hybrid skeleton material ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was synthesized by the epitaxial growth method and then was utilized as a carrier for encapsulating Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL) through the co-precipitation method, resulting in the preparation of immobilized lipase (PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67). Subsequently, it was further treated with glutaraldehyde to improve protein immobilization yield. Under optimal immobilization conditions, the specific hydrolytic activity of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was 20.4 times higher than that of the free PFL. The prepared biocatalyst was characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Additionally, the thermal stability of PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 at 50 °C was significantly improved compared to the free PFL. After 7 weeks at room temperature, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 retained 78% of the transesterification activity, while the free enzyme was only 29%. Finally, PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was applied to the neryl acetate preparation in a solvent-free system, and the yield of neryl acetate reached 99% after 3 h of reaction. After 10 repetitions, the yields of neryl acetate catalyzed by PFL@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and the free PFL were 80% and 43%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Ang X, Chen H, Xiang J, Wei F, Quek SY. Lipase-Catalyzed Preparation and Optimization of Structured Phosphatidylcholine Containing Nervonic Acid. Molecules 2024; 29:1539. [PMID: 38611818 PMCID: PMC11013151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the incorporation of nervonic acid into the chemical structure of phosphatidylcholine via a lipase-catalyzed acidolysis reaction to obtain a functional phospholipid. Lipase immobilization was conducted, and Amberlite XAD7-HP was selected as a carrier to immobilize phospholipase A1 (PLA1) for subsequent experiments. The main acidolysis reaction parameters, including enzyme load, substrate ratio, temperature, and water content, were studied against the reaction time. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were enzyme load, 20%; reaction temperature, 55 °C; water content, 1%; and reaction time, 9 h. The maximum incorporation of nervonic acid into phosphatidylcholine was 48 mol%, with PC recovery at 61.6 mol%. The positional distribution of structured phosphatidylcholine shows that nervonic acid was found in the sn-1 position due to enzyme specificity and in the sn-2 position, possibly due to acyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ang
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre for Research Excellence, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Key Lab for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture—Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China; (H.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Jiqian Xiang
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445002, China;
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Key Lab for Biological Sciences of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture—Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China; (H.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Centre for Research Excellence, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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3
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Alonazi M, Al-Diahan SK, Alzahrani ZR, Ben Bacha A. Combined immobilized lipases for effective biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103772. [PMID: 37663395 PMCID: PMC10470282 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the enzymatic transesterification of the oil extracted from SCGs for synthesis of biodiesel as a promising alternative to diesel fuels based on petroleum. Biocatalysts from various sources were tested for biodiesel synthesis using coffee oil among which CaCO3- immobilized Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus stearothermophilus showed the highest conversion yields (61 ± 2.64% and 64.3 ± 1.53%, respectively) in 4 h. In further optimizing reaction parameters, methanol to oil molar ratio, biocatalyst quantity, water content, as well as incubation time and temperature markedly improved oil-to-biodiesel conversion up to 99.33 ± 0.57 % in a solvent free reaction after 12 h at 55 °C. A mixture of inexpensive CaCO3-immobilized bacterial lipases at a 1:1 ratio was the best environment-friendly catalyst for biofuel synthesis as well as the ideal trade-off between conversion and cost. Obtained coffee biodiesel remained stable beyond 40 days at ambient storage conditions and its chemical characteristics were comparable to those of other known biodiesels according to the European requirements (EN14214). Collectively, SCGs, after oil extraction, could be an ideal substrate for the production of an environment-friendly biodiesel by using appropriate mixture of CaCO3-immobilized lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sooad K. Al-Diahan
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenab R.A. Alzahrani
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Mahdi HI, Ramlee NN, da Silva Duarte JL, Cheng YS, Selvasembian R, Amir F, de Oliveira LH, Wan Azelee NI, Meili L, Rangasamy G. A comprehensive review on nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil and USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138003. [PMID: 36731678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil-derived diesel with similar properties and several environmental benefits. Biodiesel production using conventional catalysts such as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts faces a problem regarding catalysts deactivation after repeated reaction cycles. Heterogeneous nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts (enzymes) have shown better advantages due to higher activity, recyclability, larger surface area, and improved active sites. Despite a large number of studies on this subject, there are still challenges regarding its stability, recyclability, and scale-up processes for biodiesel production. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review current modifications and role of nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts and also to observe effect of various parameters on biodiesel production. Nanocatalysts and nanobiocatalysts demonstrate long-term stability due to strong Brønsted-Lewis acidity, larger active spots and better accessibility leading to enhancethe biodiesel production. Incorporation of metal supporting positively contributes to shorten the reaction time and enhance the longer reusability. Furthermore, proper operating parameters play a vital role to optimize the biodiesel productivity in the commercial scale process due to higher conversion, yield and selectivity with the lower process cost. This article also analyses the relationship between different types of feedstocks towards the quality and quantity of biodiesel production. Crude palm oil is convinced as the most prospective and promising feedstock due to massive production, low cost, and easily available. It also evaluates key factors and technologies for biodiesel production in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and the USA as the biggest biodiesel production supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilman Ibnu Mahdi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Nurfadhila Nasya Ramlee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - José Leandro da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Applied Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
| | - Faisal Amir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB), Jl. Raya, RT.4/RW.1, Meruya Sel., Kec. Kembangan, Jakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, 11650, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Hadlich de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Adsorption and Ion Exchange (LATI), Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), State University of Maringá, Maringá (UEM), 5790 Colombo Avenue, Zone 7, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), UTM Skudai, 81310, Skudai Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratory of Processes (LAPRO), Center of Technology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, Tabuleiro Dos Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Neupane D. Biofuels from Renewable Sources, a Potential Option for Biodiesel Production. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010029. [PMID: 36671601 PMCID: PMC9855116 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ever-increasing population growth that demands more energy produces tremendous pressure on natural energy reserves such as coal and petroleum, causing their depletion. Climate prediction models predict that drought events will be more intense during the 21st century affecting agricultural productivity. The renewable energy needs in the global energy supply must stabilize surface temperature rise to 1.5 °C compared to pre-industrial values. To address the global climate issue and higher energy demand without depleting fossil reserves, growing bioenergy feedstock as the potential resource for biodiesel production could be a viable alternative. The interest in growing biofuels for biodiesel production has increased due to its potential benefits over fossil fuels and the flexibility of feedstocks. Therefore, this review article focuses on different biofuels and biomass resources for biodiesel production, their properties, procedure, factors affecting biodiesel production, different catalysts used, and greenhouse gas emissions from biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurba Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Biodiesel Production by Single and Mixed Immobilized Lipases Using Waste Cooking Oil. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248736. [PMID: 36557867 PMCID: PMC9782179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the important biofuels as an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuels. In the current study, enzymatic transesterification reaction was carried out for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) and experimental conditions were optimized, in order to reach maximum biodiesel yield. Bacillus stearothermophilus and Staphylococcus aureus lipase enzymes were individually immobilized on CaCO3 to be used as environmentally friendly catalysts for biodiesel production. The immobilized lipases exhibited better stability than free ones and were almost fully active after 60 days of storage at 4 °C. A significant biodiesel yield of 97.66 ± 0.57% was achieved without any pre-treatment and at 1:6 oil/methanol molar ratio, 1% of the enzyme mixture (a 1:1 ratio mixture of both lipase), 1% water content, after 24 h at 55 °C reaction temperature. The biocatalysts retained 93% of their initial activities after six cycles. The fuel and chemical properties such as the cloud point, viscosity at 40 °C and density at 15 °C of the produced biodiesel complied with international specifications (EN 14214) and, therefore, were comparable to those of other diesels/biodiesels. Interestingly, the resulting biodiesel revealed a linolenic methyl ester content of 0.55 ± 0.02% and an ester content of 97.7 ± 0.21% which is in good agreement with EN14214 requirements. Overall, using mixed CaCO3-immobilized lipases to obtain an environmentally friendly biodiesel from WCO is a promising and effective alternative for biodiesel production catalysis.
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Thamizhlarasan A, Vignesh R, Anbarasan R, Tung K. Synthesis and characterization of functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride (
PVDF)
and the high temperature catalytic activity of
PVDF‐
g
‐MAH
/
V
2
O
5
nanocomposite toward transesterification reaction. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasan Thamizhlarasan
- Department of Polymer Technology KCET Madurai India
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ramamoorthi Vignesh
- Department of Polymer Technology KCET Madurai India
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ramasamy Anbarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuo‐Lun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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8
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Yadav AK, Kuila A, Garlapati VK. Biodiesel Production from Brassica juncea Using Oleaginous Yeast. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4066-4080. [PMID: 35593952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the potential of Brassica juncea as a low-cost substrate for biodiesel production through the growth of oleaginous yeast. Firstly, the selected lignocellulosic biomass, i.e., Brassica juncea, was thermochemically pretreated using dilute sodium hydroxide. Optimization of thermochemical pretreatment resulted in significant removal of lignin and hemicellulose with 8.4% increase in cellulose content. Further, the sugar hydrolysate of pretreated biomass was used as a substrate for the growth of selected oleaginous yeast (Cryptococcus sp. MTCC 5455). Lipid and biomass production was optimized using central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum biomass and lipid content of 32.50 g/L and 11.05 g/L, respectively, was obtained at 30 °C temperature, pH 6.0, and after 5 days of incubation. The oleaginous yeast lipid was further transesterified using immobilized lipase. The highest fatty acid methyl ester 15% FAME yield was obtained after 10 h of enzymatic reaction. Next, the results of specific gravity, viscosity, flash points, and cloud point of obtained biodiesels were conformed to the ASTM D975 standard. Overall, the present study put forth the cost-effective approach for lignocellulosic biomass-based oleaginous lipid production toward the green synthesis of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Arindam Kuila
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173234.
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Narisetty V, Cox R, Bommareddy R, Agrawal D, Ahmad E, Pant KK, Chandel AK, Bhatia SK, Kumar D, Binod P, Gupta VK, Kumar V. Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 6:29-65. [PMID: 35028420 PMCID: PMC8691124 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
| | - Rylan Cox
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
| | - Rajesh Bommareddy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum Mohkampur Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Kamal Kumar Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo Lorena 12.602.810 Brazil
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Parmeswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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Zaman F, Ishaq MW, Ul‐Haq N, Rahman WU, Ali MM, Ahmed F, Haq AU. Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Zaman
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials 100029 Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ishaq
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemical Physics 230026 Hefei Anhui China
| | - Noaman Ul‐Haq
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Wajeeh Ur Rahman
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Muzaffar Ali
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Chemical Engineering Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Anwar ul Haq
- Riphah International University Department of Basic Sciences I-14 Campus 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
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Stabilization and operational selectivity alteration of Lipozyme 435 by its coating with polyethyleneimine: Comparison of the biocatalyst performance in the synthesis of xylose fatty esters. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:665-674. [PMID: 34656534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Differently modified Lipozyme 435 (L435) (immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica) preparations were used as biocatalysts in the esterification reaction to synthesize sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) from xylose (acyl acceptor) and lauric/palmitic acids (acyl donors) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solvent. The L435 treatment with polyethyleneimine (PEI) (2; 25; and 750 KDa) prevented the enzyme leakage in the crude sugar ester reaction product. The 2 KDa PEI coating of this enzyme preparation produced the highest enzyme stability in MEK, buffer solutions (pHs 5 and 7), and methanol aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7. Using an excess of the acyl donor (1:5 xylose: fatty acid molar ratio), high xylose conversions (70-84%) were obtained after 24 h-reaction using both, non-modified and PEI (2 KDa) coated L435, but the PEI treated biocatalyst afforded a higher xylose modification degree. After 5 reuse cycles with the L435 coated with PEI 2 KDa, the xylose conversions only decreased 10%, while with the non-treated biocatalyst they decreased by 37%. The formation of SFAEs was confirmed by mass spectrometry, which showed the presence of xylose mono-, di-, and triesters. They exhibited emulsion capacities close to that of a commercial sucrose monolaurate.
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12
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Mathew GM, Raina D, Narisetty V, Kumar V, Saran S, Pugazhendi A, Sindhu R, Pandey A, Binod P. Recent advances in biodiesel production: Challenges and solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148751. [PMID: 34218145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mono alkyl fatty acid ester or methyl ethyl esters (biodiesel) are the promising alternative for fossil fuel or petroleum derived diesel with similar properties and could reduce the carbon foot print and the greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from renewable and sustainable feedstocks like plant derived oils, and it is biodegradable and non-toxic to the ecosystem. The process for the biodiesel production is either through traditional chemical catalysts (Acid or Alkali Transesterification) or enzyme mediated transesterification, but as enzymes are natural catalysts with environmentally friendly working conditions, the process with enzymes are proposed to overcome the drawbacks of chemical synthesis. At present 95% of the biodiesel production is contributed by edible oils worldwide whereas recycled oils and animal fats contribute 10% and 6% respectively. Although every process has its own limitations, the enzyme efficiency, resistance to alcohols, and recovery rate are the crucial factors to be addressed. Without any benefit of doubt, production of biodiesel using renewable feedstocks and enzymes as the catalysts could be recommended for the commercial purpose, but further research on improving the efficiency could be an advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Diksha Raina
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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13
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Noro J, Cavaco‐Paulo A, Silva C. Chemically Modified Lipase from
Thermomyces lanuginosus
with Enhanced Esterification and Transesterification Activities. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- Department of Biological Engineering University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco‐Paulo
- Department of Biological Engineering University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Department of Biological Engineering University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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14
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Recent Advances in Feedstock and Lipase Research and Development towards Commercialization of Enzymatic Biodiesel. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is a biodegradable, renewable, and carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum diesel that can contribute to the global effort of minimizing the use of fossil fuels and meeting the ever-growing energy demands and stringent environmental constraints. The aim of this work was to (1) review the recent progress in feedstock development, including first, second, third, and fourth-generation feedstocks for biodiesel production; (2) discuss recent progress in lipase research and development as one of the key factors for establishing a cost-competitive biodiesel process in terms of enzyme sources, properties, immobilization, and transesterification efficiency; and (3) provide an update of the current challenges and opportunities for biodiesel commercialization from techno-economic and social perspectives. Related biodiesel producers, markets, challenges, and opportunities for biodiesel commercialization, including environmental considerations, are critically discussed.
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Chintagunta AD, Zuccaro G, Kumar M, Kumar SPJ, Garlapati VK, Postemsky PD, Kumar NSS, Chandel AK, Simal-Gandara J. Biodiesel Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: Prospects for Integrated Biofuel Production. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658284. [PMID: 34475852 PMCID: PMC8406692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, renewable, and potential liquid biofuel mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel has been produced initially from vegetable oils, non-edible oils, and waste oils. However, these feedstocks have several disadvantages such as requirement of land and labor and remain expensive. Similarly, in reference to waste oils, the feedstock content is succinct in supply and unable to meet the demand. Recent studies demonstrated utilization of lignocellulosic substrates for biodiesel production using oleaginous microorganisms. These microbes accumulate higher lipid content under stress conditions, whose lipid composition is similar to vegetable oils. In this paper, feedstocks used for biodiesel production such as vegetable oils, non-edible oils, oleaginous microalgae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria have been illustrated. Thereafter, steps enumerated in biodiesel production from lignocellulosic substrates through pretreatment, saccharification and oleaginous microbe-mediated fermentation, lipid extraction, transesterification, and purification of biodiesel are discussed. Besides, the importance of metabolic engineering in ensuring biofuels and biorefinery and a brief note on integration of liquid biofuels have been included that have significant importance in terms of circular economy aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Devi Chintagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | - Gaetano Zuccaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- LBE, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Narbonne, France
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
| | - S. P. Jeevan Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
- ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India
| | - Pablo D. Postemsky
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-UNS/CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. S. Sampath Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | - Anuj K. Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, Brazil
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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16
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Lipozyme 435-Mediated Synthesis of Xylose Oleate in Methyl Ethyl Ketone. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113317. [PMID: 34205848 PMCID: PMC8197991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have performed the Lipozyme 435-catalyzed synthesis of xylose oleate in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) from xylose and oleic acid. The effects of substrates’ molar ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time on esterification rates, and Lipozyme 435 reuse were studied. Results showed that an excess of oleic acid (xylose: oleic acid molar ratio of 1:5) significantly favored the reaction, yielding 98% of xylose conversion and 31% oleic acid conversion after 24 h-reaction (mainly to xylose mono- and dioleate, as confirmed by mass spectrometry). The highest Lipozyme 435 activities occurred between 55 and 70 °C. The predicted Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic model fitted very well to the experimental data and there was no evidence of inhibitions in the range assessed. The reaction product was purified and presented an emulsion capacity close to that of a commercial sugar ester detergent. Finally, the repeated use of Lipozyme 435 showed a reduction in the reaction yields (by 48 and 19% in the xylose and oleic acid conversions, respectively), after ten 12 h-cycles.
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17
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Ishak SNH, Kamarudin NHA, Ali MSM, Leow ATC, Shariff FM, Rahman RNZRA. Structure elucidation and docking analysis of 5M mutant of T1 lipase Geobacillus zalihae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251751. [PMID: 34061877 PMCID: PMC8168862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
5M mutant lipase was derived through cumulative mutagenesis of amino acid residues (D43E/T118N/E226D/E250L/N304E) of T1 lipase from Geobacillus zalihae. A previous study revealed that cumulative mutations in 5M mutant lipase resulted in decreased thermostability compared to wild-type T1 lipase. Multiple amino acids substitution might cause structural destabilization due to negative cooperation. Hence, the three-dimensional structure of 5M mutant lipase was elucidated to determine the evolution in structural elements caused by amino acids substitution. A suitable crystal for X-ray diffraction was obtained from an optimized formulation containing 0.5 M sodium cacodylate trihydrate, 0.4 M sodium citrate tribasic pH 6.4 and 0.2 M sodium chloride with 2.5 mg/mL protein concentration. The three-dimensional structure of 5M mutant lipase was solved at 2.64 Å with two molecules per asymmetric unit. The detailed analysis of the structure revealed that there was a decrease in the number of molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and ion interactions, which are important in maintaining the stability of lipase. This study facilitates understanding of and highlights the importance of hydrogen bonds and ion interactions towards protein stability. Substrate specificity and docking analysis on the open structure of 5M mutant lipase revealed changes in substrate preference. The molecular dynamics simulation of 5M-substrates complexes validated the substrate preference of 5M lipase towards long-chain p-nitrophenyl-esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Hasmah Ishak
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Gonçalves MCP, Romanelli JP, Guimarães JR, Vieira AC, de Azevedo BP, Tardioli PW. Reviewing research on the synthesis of CALB-catalyzed sugar esters incorporating systematic mapping principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:865-878. [PMID: 33645353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1888071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rigorous evidence reviews must follow specific guidelines designed to improve transparency, reproducibility, and to minimize biases to which traditional reviews are susceptible. While evidence synthesis methods, such as systematic reviews and maps, have been used in several research fields, the majority of reviews published in the realm of chemical engineering are nonsystematic. In this study, we incorporated principles of systematic mapping to conduct a literature review covering research on the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters (SFAE) with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Our results showed that the simple monosaccharides were the most cited sugars among studies we conducted. The direct use of renewable raw materials and frequently available resources to produce alternative sugar esters (SE) was scarcely reported in our data set. We found that free fatty acids (FFA) were the most commonly cited acyl donors amongst all publications, with lauric, oleic, and palmitic acids accounting for ∼43% of the occurrences. Tertiary alcohols (ter-butyl alcohol (T-but) and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B)) and ionic liquids were the most used solvents to synthesize SE. The co-occurence analysis of keywords involving solvent terms showed that most of the papers evaluated different solvents as reaction media (mostly in the form of a bisolvent system), also investigating the impact of their choice on sugar ester productivities. Given the potential of reviews informing us of research decisions, this article reveals trends and spaces across CALB-catalyzed SE synthesis research, in addition to introducing a new methodological perspective for developing reviews in the field of chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Romanelli
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Renato Guimarães
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Forest Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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19
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Biodiesel synthesis from palm fatty acid distillate using enzyme immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Real-time assessment and characterization of immobilized lipase onto a natural matrix and qualitative reaction kinetic studies using swept-source optical coherence tomography. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:423. [PMID: 32968608 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study presents a method based on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for non-destructive, real-time analysis and portrayal of immobilization efficacy for lipase on a natural matrix namely, eggshell. Subsequently, qualitative biochemical reaction kinetics of immobilized lipase was also studied. Successful immobilization of lipase on eggshell was confirmed by the presence of a clear peak in 'A' scan of OCT image. From immobilization kinetics it is clearly observed that the thickness of the highest peak of the A-scan increases significantly and peak intensity saturated after 90 min of incubation. Hydrolysis of oil using immobilized lipase indicated that the release of free fatty acids increased up to 8 h during reaction and the result was in accordance with the 'B' scan data of the OCT system. Changes in scattering coefficient-based analysis were performed with respect to incubation time to showcase the immobilization process and hydrolysis reaction of lipase. Scanning electron microscope analysis with smoother surface indicated presence of lipase on eggshell matrices, with no further change after oil hydrolysis.
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21
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Multilayered Nano-Entrapment of Lipase through Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Formation and the Application in Cost-Effective Biodiesel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:165-187. [PMID: 32833180 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant components of cost-effective medium for Magnusiomyces capitatus A4C extracellular lipase (ECL) production were optimized via a five-level factorial design. A simplistic, economical, and green approach was adopted for biomimetic mineralization to prepare multilayered nano-entrapped ECL, which were then applied as biocatalysts for the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The optimal ECL (0.8 mg protein/mL) and CuSO4∙5H2O (1.2 mM) showed the highest capacity for enzyme loading. The ECL-CuSO4-hybrid showed an 89.7% conversion of triacylglycerides into FAME via transesterification and a 98.7% conversion of oleic acid into FAME via esterification at 72 h. The ECL-CuSO4-hybrid gave 65% and 78.7% FAME production after 5 successive reuses via transesterification and esterification reactions, respectively. Therefore, these ECL-inorganic hybrid biocatalysts have high economical potential to be used for the production of biodiesel as the future petrodiesel replacement.
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22
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Yuan G, Zhang J, Zeng G, Niu X, Wang L, Zhang X, Wang Q. Electrocatalytic methyl esterification of fatty acid using boron-doped-diamond electrodes. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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da Silva AS, Espinheira RP, Teixeira RSS, de Souza MF, Ferreira-Leitão V, Bon EPS. Constraints and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: a critical review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32211072 PMCID: PMC7092515 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The industrial production of sugar syrups from lignocellulosic materials requires the conduction of the enzymatic hydrolysis step at high-solids loadings (i.e., with over 15% solids [w/w] in the reaction mixture). Such conditions result in sugar syrups with increased concentrations and in improvements in both capital and operational costs, making the process more economically feasible. However, this approach still poses several technical hindrances that impact the process efficiency, known as the "high-solids effect" (i.e., the decrease in glucan conversion yields as solids load increases). The purpose of this review was to present the findings on the main limitations and advances in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis in an updated and comprehensive manner. The causes for the rheological limitations at the onset of the high-solids operation as well as those influencing the "high-solids effect" will be discussed. The subject of water constraint, which results in a highly viscous system and impairs mixing, and by extension, mass and heat transfer, will be analyzed under the perspective of the limitations imposed to the action of the cellulolytic enzymes. The "high-solids effect" will be further discussed vis-à-vis enzymes end-product inhibition and the inhibitory effect of compounds formed during the biomass pretreatment as well as the enzymes' unproductive adsorption to lignin. This review also presents the scientific and technological advances being introduced to lessen high-solids hydrolysis hindrances, such as the development of more efficient enzyme formulations, biomass and enzyme feeding strategies, reactor and impeller designs as well as process strategies to alleviate the end-product inhibition. We surveyed the academic literature in the form of scientific papers as well as patents to showcase the efforts on technological development and industrial implementation of the use of lignocellulosic materials as renewable feedstocks. Using a critical approach, we expect that this review will aid in the identification of areas with higher demand for scientific and technological efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Sant’Ana da Silva
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Roberta Pereira Espinheira
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sposina Sobral Teixeira
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viridiana Ferreira-Leitão
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312 Brazil
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Elba P. S. Bon
- Bioethanol Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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Thangaraj B, Jia Z, Dai L, Liu D, Du W. Effect of silica coating on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for lipase immobilization and their application for biodiesel production. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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25
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Li Y, Hu J, Qu C, Chen L, Guo X, Fu H, Wang J. Engineered Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense with nfnAB knockout for improved hydrogen production from lignocellulose hydrolysates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:214. [PMID: 31528202 PMCID: PMC6737674 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a renewable and clean energy carrier, the production of biohydrogen from low-value feedstock such as lignocellulose has increasingly garnered interest. The NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (NfnAB) complex catalyzes electron transfer between reduced ferredoxin and NAD(P)+, which is critical for production of NAD(P)H-dependent products such as hydrogen and ethanol. In this study, the effects on end-product formation of deletion of nfnAB from Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 were investigated. RESULTS Compared with the parental strain, the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the ∆nfnAB mutant was increased. The concentration of hydrogen and ethanol produced increased by (41.1 ± 2.37)% (p < 0.01) and (13.24 ± 1.12)% (p < 0.01), respectively, while the lactic acid concentration decreased by (11.88 ± 0.96)% (p < 0.01) when the ∆nfnAB mutant used glucose as sole carbon source. No obvious inhibition effect was observed for either SCUT27 or SCUT27/∆nfnAB when six types of lignocellulose hydrolysate pretreated with dilute acid were used for hydrogen production. Notably, the SCUT27/∆nfnAB mutant produced 190.63-209.31 mmol/L hydrogen, with a yield of 1.66-1.77 mol/mol and productivity of 12.71-13.95 mmol/L h from nonsterilized rice straw and corn cob hydrolysates pretreated with dilute acid. CONCLUSIONS The T. aotearoense SCUT27/∆nfnAB mutant showed higher hydrogen yield and productivity compared with those of the parental strain. Hence, we demonstrate that deletion of nfnAB from T. aotearoense SCUT27 is an effective approach to improve hydrogen production by redirecting the electron flux, and SCUT27/∆nfnAB is a promising candidate strain for efficient biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jialei Hu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Chunyun Qu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Suthar K, Dwivedi A, Joshipura M. A review on separation and purification techniques for biodiesel production with special emphasis on Jatropha oil as a feedstock. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krunal Suthar
- Chemical EngineeringNirma University Ahmedabad India
| | - Ankur Dwivedi
- Chemical EngineeringNirma University Ahmedabad India
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27
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Biodiesel production by lipases co-immobilized on the functionalized activated carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Amoah J, Kahar P, Ogino C, Kondo A. Bioenergy and Biorefinery: Feedstock, Biotechnological Conversion, and Products. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800494. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Amoah
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai, Nada‐ku Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
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29
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Ang X, Chen H, Xiang JQ, Wei F, Quek SY. Preparation and functionality of lipase-catalysed structured phospholipid – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Jeevan Kumar SP, Banerjee R. Enhanced lipid extraction from oleaginous yeast biomass using ultrasound assisted extraction: A greener and scalable process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 52:25-32. [PMID: 30563792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soaring demand for alternative fuels has been gaining wide interest due to depletion of conventional fuel, increasing petroleum prices and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel, an alternative fuel, derived from oleaginous microbes has been promising because of short incubation time and easy to scale up. Oleaginous yeast Trichosporon sp. is capable of utilizing glycerol and agro-residues for enhanced lipid synthesis. Lipid extraction from Trichosporon sp. biomass showed highest lipid content with ultrasonic assisted extraction (43 ± 0.33%, w/w) coupled with process parameters than the conventional Soxhlet (30 ± 0.28%, w/w) and Binary solvent [choloroform:methanol, (2:1, v/v)] methods (36 ± 0.38%, w/w), respectively. The standardized process parameters of ultrasonic assisted extraction coupled with chloroform/methanol solvent system resulted 95-97% of conversion efficiency in 20 min at 30 °C with a frequency of 50 Hz and 2800 W power, respectively. Enzymatic transesterification of yeast biomass lipid obtained 85% of fatty acid methyl esters that are predominant with oleic acid methyl ester followed by palmitic and stearic acid methyl esters, respectively. These results substantiate that the ultrasonic assisted extraction is a potential green extraction technique that had reduced time, energy and solvent consumption without compromising on lipid quality. Deploying this green extraction technique could make the biodiesel production process inexpensive and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jeevan Kumar
- Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Kushmaur, Mau 275103, U.P., India
| | - Rintu Banerjee
- Agricultural & Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Cochineal Waxy Residues as Source of Policosanol: Chemical Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Transesterification. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4547378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain and characterise the long-chain alcohols present in policosanol derived from waste from the production of carminic acid, a natural colouring agent widely used in the food industry. The effectiveness of different methods designed for extraction of policosanol from waxy waste was investigated and its content and composition was determined. Triacontanol was the main component in policosanol produced by chemical processes, and it yields up to 13% by alkaline hydrolysis in water and chloroform extraction. Regarding enzymatic transesterification, policosanol was obtained using lipase Candida antarctica recombinant in Aspergillus niger (CAL-Bn) in a reaction medium with toluene. To improve the reaction, different acyl receptors, propanol, butanol, and isopropanol, were tested and molecular sieves were employed to maintain an anhydrous reaction medium. In this case, the policosanol was made up of other long-chain alcohols, but triacontanol was obtained in yields of up to 19% using isopropanol as an acyl receptor. Triacontanol has a great commercial value due to its effect as a promoter of plant growth, and these results contribute to the use and application of this agroindustrial waste in obtaining value-added products.
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Antonio DC, Amancio LP, Rosset IG. Biocatalytic Ethanolysis of Waste Chicken Fat for Biodiesel Production. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Lima LN, Mendes AA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Tardioli PW, Giordano RDLC. Performance of Different Immobilized Lipases in the Syntheses of Short- and Long-Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters by Esterification Reactions in Organic Media. Molecules 2018; 23:E766. [PMID: 29584655 PMCID: PMC6017531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain alkyl esters and sugar esters are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their flavor and emulsifying characteristics, respectively. Both compounds can be synthesized via biocatalysis using lipases. This work aims to compare the performance of commercial lipases covalently attached to dry acrylic beads functionalized with oxirane groups (lipases from Candida antarctica type B-IMMCALB-T2-350, Pseudomonas fluorescens-IMMAPF-T2-150, and Thermomyces lanuginosus-IMMTLL-T2-150) and a home-made biocatalyst (lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens adsorbed onto silica coated with octyl groups, named PFL-octyl-silica) in the syntheses of short- and long-chain carboxylic acid esters. Esters with flavor properties were synthetized by esterification of acetic and butyl acids with several alcohols (e.g., ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and isoamyl alcohol), and sugar esters were synthetized by esterification of oleic and lauric acids with fructose and lactose. All biocatalysts showed similar performance in the syntheses of short-chain alkyl esters, with conversions ranging from 88.9 to 98.4%. However, in the syntheses of sugar esters the performance of PFL-octyl-silica was almost always lower than the commercial IMMCALB-T2-350, whose conversion was up to 96% in the synthesis of fructose oleate. Both biocatalysts showed high operational stability in organic media, thus having great potential for biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionete Nunes de Lima
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Aguiar Mendes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil; .
| | | | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Lima Camargo Giordano
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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X-Shaped ZIF-8 for Immobilization Rhizomucor miehei Lipase via Encapsulation and Its Application toward Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Lajis AFB. Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities. J Lipids 2018; 2018:5659683. [PMID: 29666707 PMCID: PMC5832097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5659683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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37
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Infanzón B, Cesarini S, Martínez J, Pastor FIJ, Diaz P. Alternative Oils Tested as Feedstocks for Enzymatic FAMEs Synthesis: Toward a More Sustainable Process. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Infanzón
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Silvia Cesarini
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Josefina Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - F. I. Javier Pastor
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - Pilar Diaz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028; Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
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McIntosh S, Palmer J, Zhang Z, Doherty WO, Yazdani SS, Sukumaran RK, Vancov T. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Pretreated Eucalyptus grandis Under High Solids Loading. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2016.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shane McIntosh
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice Palmer
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William O.S. Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Syed S. Yazdani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev K. Sukumaran
- CSIR, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tony Vancov
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
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Contribution of Pentose Catabolism to Molecular Hydrogen Formation by Targeted Disruption of Arabinose Isomerase (araA) in the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritima. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02631-16. [PMID: 27940539 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02631-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotoga maritima ferments a broad range of sugars to form acetate, carbon dioxide, traces of lactate, and near theoretic yields of molecular hydrogen (H2). In this organism, the catabolism of pentose sugars such as arabinose depends on the interaction of the pentose phosphate pathway with the Embden-Myerhoff and Entner-Doudoroff pathways. Although the values for H2 yield have been determined using pentose-supplemented complex medium and predicted by metabolic pathway reconstruction, the actual effect of pathway elimination on hydrogen production has not been reported due to the lack of a genetic method for the creation of targeted mutations. Here, a spontaneous and genetically stable pyrE deletion mutant was isolated and used as a recipient to refine transformation methods for its repair by homologous recombination. To verify the occurrence of recombination and to assess the frequency of crossover events flanking the deleted region, a synthetic pyrE allele, encoding synonymous nucleotide substitutions, was used. Targeted inactivation of araA (encoding arabinose isomerase) in the pyrE mutant was accomplished using a divergent, codon-optimized Thermosipho africanus pyrE allele fused to the T. maritima groES promoter as a genetic marker. Mutants lacking araA were unable to catabolize arabinose in a defined medium. The araA mutation was then repaired using targeted recombination. Levels of synthesis of H2 using arabinose-supplemented complex medium by wild-type and araA mutant cell lines were compared. The difference between strains provided a direct measurement of H2 production that was dependent on arabinose consumption. Development of a targeted recombination system for genetic manipulation of T. maritima provides a new strategy to explore H2 formation and life at an extremely high temperature in the bacterial domain. IMPORTANCE We describe here the development of a genetic system for manipulation of Thermotoga maritima T. maritima is a hyperthermophilic anaerobic bacterium that is well known for its efficient synthesis of molecular hydrogen (H2) from the fermentation of sugars. Despite considerable efforts to advance compatible genetic methods, chromosome manipulation has remained elusive and hindered use of T. maritima or its close relatives as model hyperthermophiles. Lack of a genetic method also prevented efforts to manipulate specific metabolic pathways to measure their contributions to H2 yield. To overcome this barrier, a homologous chromosomal recombination method was developed and used to characterize the contribution of arabinose catabolism to H2 formation. We report here a stable genetic method for a hyperthermophilic bacterium that will advance studies on the basic and synthetic biology of Thermotogales.
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Li H, Tsuchimoto S, Harada K, Yamasaki M, Sakai H, Wada N, Alipour A, Sasai T, Tsunekawa A, Tsujimoto H, Ando T, Tomemori H, Sato S, Hirakawa H, Quintero VP, Zamarripa A, Santos P, Hegazy A, Ali AM, Fukui K. Genetic Tracing of Jatropha curcas L. from Its Mesoamerican Origin to the World. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1539. [PMID: 28936216 PMCID: PMC5594977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Tsuchimoto
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Kyuya Harada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamasaki
- Kobe Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe UniversityHyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Sakai
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Atefeh Alipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Ando
- The Center for International Affairs, Tottori UniversityTottori, Japan
| | | | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversityMiyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Primitivo Santos
- College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los BanosLaguna, Philippines
| | - Adel Hegazy
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdalla M. Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, University of KhartoumKhartoum, Sudan
| | - Kiichi Fukui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiichi Fukui,
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Selection of Lipases for the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil and the Potential of Microwave Irradiation to Enhance the Reaction Rate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1404567. [PMID: 27868060 PMCID: PMC5102879 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1404567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of Jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas L.) with ethanol in a solvent-free system. Seven commercial lipase preparations immobilized by covalent attachment on epoxy-polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol composite (epoxy-SiO2-PVA) were tested as biocatalysts. Among them, immobilized lipases from Pseudomonas fluorescens (lipase AK) and Burkholderia cepacia (lipase PS) were the most active biocatalysts in biodiesel synthesis, reaching ethyl ester yields (FAEE) of 91.1 and 98.3% at 72 h of reaction, respectively. The latter biocatalyst exhibited similar performance compared to Novozym® 435. Purified biodiesel was characterized by different techniques. Transesterification reaction carried out under microwave irradiation exhibited higher yield and productivity than conventional heating. The operational stability of immobilized lipase PS was determined in repeated batch runs under conventional and microwave heating systems, revealing half-life times of 430.4 h and 23.5 h, respectively.
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42
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Rodrigues J, Perrier V, Lecomte J, Dubreucq E, Ferreira-Dias S. Biodiesel production from crude jatropha oil catalyzed by immobilized lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis in aqueous medium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:1224-1229. [PMID: 27474957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis (CpLIP2) immobilized on two synthetic resins (Accurel MP 1000 and Lewatit VP OC 1600) was used as catalyst for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) by transesterification of jatropha oil with methanol, in a lipid/aqueous system. The oil was dispersed in a buffer solution (pH 6.5) containing methanol in excess (2M in the biphasic system; molar ratio methanol/acyl chains 2:1). Transesterification was carried out at 30°C, under magnetic stirring, using 10% (w/w) of immobilized enzyme in relation to oil. The maximum FAME yields were attained after 8h reaction time: 80.5% and 93.8%, when CpLIP2 immobilized on Accurel MP 1000 or on Lewatit VP OC 1600 were used, respectively. CpLIP2 on both Accurel MP 1000 and Lewatit VP OC 1600 showed high operational stability along 5 consecutive 8h batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rodrigues
- University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Eric Dubreucq
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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43
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Applying functional metagenomics to search for novel lignocellulosic enzymes in a microbial consortium derived from a thermophilic composting phase of sugarcane bagasse and cow manure. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:1217-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dual bioimprinting of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for synthesis of biodiesel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:38-43. [PMID: 28352522 PMCID: PMC5040861 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High activity TLL is made by dually bioimprinting with substrate alcohol and a surfactant. TLL (28 U/g of oil) bioimprinted with only the surfactants could yield 99% biodiesel from soybean oil in about 4 h. Dually bioimprinted TLL (only 1.4 U/g of oil) was able to yield 99% biodiesel within 48 h
Use of biodiesel as an alternative to non-renewable sources of energy has become an attractive option in recent years. The enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of fats/oils with an alcohol is a much more sustainable route than the chemical method. However, cost effectiveness of the enzymatic route is a major barrier in its commercialization. In this work, a high activity biocatalyst design of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase is made by dually bioimprinting it with substrate and a surfactant (which is believed to open up the lid covering the active site of the lipase) during precipitation of the lipase in organic solvent. When the lipase was bioimprinted with only the surfactants, 28 U of the enzyme/g of oil could yield 99% biodiesel from soybean oil in about 4 h. However, when dually bioimprinted even very low enzyme load 1.4 U/g of oil, yielded 99% biodiesel within 48 h.
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45
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Leão RAC, de Souza SP, Nogueira DO, Silva GMA, Silva MVM, Gutarra MLE, Miranda LSM, Castro AM, Junior II, de Souza ROMA. Consecutive lipase immobilization and glycerol carbonate production under continuous-flow conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several value-added products can be produced from glycerol and among these products glycerol carbonate (GC) has received much attention in recent years because of its physical properties and wide application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Subhedar PB, Botelho C, Ribeiro A, Castro R, Pereira MA, Gogate PR, Cavaco-Paulo A. Ultrasound intensification suppresses the need of methanol excess during the biodiesel production with Lipozyme TL-IM. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:530-535. [PMID: 25934125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of biodiesel from sunflower oil and methanol based on transesterification using the immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL-IM) has been investigated under silent conditions and under an ultrasound field. Ultrasound assisted process led to reduced processing time and requirement of lower enzyme dosage. We found for the first time that oil to methanol ratio of 1:3 was favored for the ultrasound assisted enzymatic process which is lower than that observed for the case of conventional stirring based approach (ratio of 1.4). Our results indicate that intensification provided by ultrasound suppresses the need of the excess of the methanol reactant during the enzymatic biodiesel production. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic biodiesel production is therefore a faster and a cleaner processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti B Subhedar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Claudia Botelho
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Ribeiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Alcina Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 057 Braga, Portugal.
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Abd-Alla MH, Bagy MMK, Morsy FM, Hassan EA. Improvement of fungal lipids esterification process by bacterial lipase for biodiesel synthesis. FUEL 2015; 160:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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An alternative method for production of microalgal biodiesel using novel Bacillus lipase. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:715-725. [PMID: 28324526 PMCID: PMC4569617 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, enzymatic interesterification is carried out using encapsulated lipase as biocatalyst with methyl acetate as acyl acceptor in a solvent-free system. Lipase, isolated from a marine bacterial isolate, Bacillus sp.S23 (KF220659.1) was immobilized in sodium alginate beads. This investigation elaborated on the effects of various parameters, namely enzyme loading, temperature, water, molar ratio, reaction time and agitation for interesterification. The study resulted in the following optimal conditions: 1.5 g immobilized lipase, 1:12 molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate, 35 °C, 8 % water, 60 h reaction time, 250 rpm of agitation. With the standardized condition, the maximum conversion efficiency was 95.68 %. The immobilized beads, even after ten cycles of repeated usage showed high stability in the presence of methyl acetate and no loss of lipase activity. The microalgal biodiesel composition was analyzed using gas chromatography. The current study was efficient in using immobilized lipase for the interesterification process, since the method was cost-effective and eco-friendly, no solvent was involved and the enzyme was encapsulated in a natural polymer.
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Abstract
Aldehydes are a class of chemicals with many industrial uses. Several aldehydes are responsible for flavors and fragrances present in plants, but aldehydes are not known to accumulate in most natural microorganisms. In many cases, microbial production of aldehydes presents an attractive alternative to extraction from plants or chemical synthesis. During the past 2 decades, a variety of aldehyde biosynthetic enzymes have undergone detailed characterization. Although metabolic pathways that result in alcohol synthesis via aldehyde intermediates were long known, only recent investigations in model microbes such as Escherichia coli have succeeded in minimizing the rapid endogenous conversion of aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols. Such efforts have provided a foundation for microbial aldehyde synthesis and broader utilization of aldehydes as intermediates for other synthetically challenging biochemical classes. However, aldehyde toxicity imposes a practical limit on achievable aldehyde titers and remains an issue of academic and commercial interest. In this minireview, we summarize published efforts of microbial engineering for aldehyde synthesis, with an emphasis on de novo synthesis, engineered aldehyde accumulation in E. coli, and the challenge of aldehyde toxicity.
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50
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Cherikkallinmel SK, Gopalakrishnan A, Yaakob Z, Ramakrishnan RM, Sugunan S, Narayanan BN. Sodium aluminate from waste aluminium source as catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha oil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol is carried over heterogeneous sodium aluminate catalyst to produce biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anila Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- UKM Bangi
- malaysia
| | - Zahira Yaakob
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- UKM Bangi
- malaysia
| | - Resmi M. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
- Palakkad-679306
- India
| | - Sankaran Sugunan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- Cochin 22
- India
| | - Binitha N. Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
- Palakkad-679306
- India
| |
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