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Martínez LM, Lietz LL, Tarín CC, García CB, Tormos JIA, Miralles EG. Analysis of the pH levels in energy and pre-workout beverages and frequency of consumption: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1082. [PMID: 39272108 PMCID: PMC11395561 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear is an increasingly common pathology in the youth population. It refers to the chronic, localized, painless loss of dental hard tissues caused by non-bacterial acids, often originating from external sources like acidic beverages. Energy drink consumption is on the rise, frequently preceding physical exercise to enhance perceived energy levels. However, there are other types of beverages that also provide energy, such as pre-workout drinks, classified as sports drinks. The main objective of this research study has been conducted with the purpose of analyzing the pH of energy drinks and pre-workout beverages, and studying the frequency of consumption of such beverages in amateur athletes who practice sports. METHODS A total of 67 beverages were examined, comprising 43 energy drinks and 24 sports supplementation beverages, also known as pre-workout or pre-training beverages. The participants were given a survey to complete. They were asked to respond whether they consumed any type of pre-workout or energy drink, and they were also asked about the timing of consumption. RESULTS The findings indicated an average pH of 3.3 among the studied beverages, indicating a pH below the critical threshold. Out of the 113 participants, 51% reported taking some form of supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, it was concluded that most of the analyzed beverages recorded pH values low enough to classify them as erosive, posing a threat to enamel surface. When analyzing the frequency of consumption of energy drinks and pre-workout beverages in amateur athletes, we observed that most participants aged 29 years or younger took supplements 3 to 5 times a week, while the older age groups more frequently took supplements 1 to 2 times a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marqués Martínez
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain.
| | - Laura Llerena Lietz
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Christian Cabrera Tarín
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Carla Borrell García
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Aura Tormos
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain
| | - Esther García Miralles
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, 46001, Spain
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Dixit S, Goyal S, Singh A, Dhingra A, Grover S, Gupta P. Evaluation of effect of various drinks on tooth surface morphology under scanning electron microscope. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:811-816. [PMID: 39372578 PMCID: PMC11451679 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_265_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Aim and Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of various beverages carbonated drinks, i.e., thumps up, fresh fruit juice (apple and pomegranate) and packaged fruit juice (apple and pomegranate) on tooth surface morphology under scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods Thirty recently extracted intact caries-free human permanent teeth were disinfected with 5.25% of sodium hypochlorite solution and autoclaved at 240°F, 20 psi pressure for 40 min. Each tooth was sectioned into 4 enamel sections yielding 120 sections which were embedded in resin using a prefabricated mold. Prepared samples were immersed as Group I - thumps up, Group II - fresh apple juice, Group III - packaged apple juice, Group IV - fresh pomegranate juice, Group V - packaged pomegranate juice, and Group VI - normal saline. Each immersion was done daily for 30 min over 14 days after which samples were scanned under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23; Chicago Inc., IL, USA). Results The highest surface roughness was noted in the fresh pomegranate and packaged pomegranate groups with a mean of 2.9000 ± 0.30779 followed by thumbs up group. The greatest mean of cracks was noted in thumbs up group with a mean of 2.500 ± 0.51299 which was significant at P = 0.000. The greatest mean of score was noted in thumbs up group with a mean of 2.3000 ± 0.65695 which was significant at P = 0.000. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that all drinks were erosive in nature with thumps and pomegranate juice showing significantly higher erosiveness than apple juice (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dixit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siddhi Goyal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anshdeep Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Dhingra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sheetal Grover
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pulkit Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Wayakanon P, Narakaew T, Wayakanon K. Effects of various beverages on characteristics of provisional restoration materials. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e842. [PMID: 38597122 PMCID: PMC11004904 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of common beverages on four currently used provisional restoration materials: Protemp®4, Integrity®, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block, and acrylic resin. Flowable resin composite is included as a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each material was formed into disks of 10-mm diameter and 4-mm thickness (N = 40) by loading the material into acrylic molds. The exposed surface in the mold was covered using a glass slide to prevent an oxygen inhibition layer, and polymerization then proceeded. The solidified disks were placed in distilled water for 24 h. These samples (n = 8) were then immersed for 14 days in one of four different beverages: water, orange juice, cola, and coffee. Changes in color dimension, hardness, and roughness were observed and then analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance. RESULTS The provisional materials had more obvious changes in all three color dimensions than the flowable resin composite. Integrity showed the biggest changes, followed by acrylic resin and PMMA block, whereas Protemp had the smallest changes. The hardness of all the materials significantly decreased after immersion in any of the beverages for 14 days. There were no changes in surface roughness when the materials were immersed in distilled water. The surface roughness of the PMMA block significantly decreased in orange juice whereas that of Integrity and acrylic resin significantly increased in cola. CONCLUSION Different kinds of provisional materials had different degrees of staining due to their composition. Moisture had a significant influence on the hardness of materials, and the acidity of cola significantly roughened the surface of the provisional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praween Wayakanon
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of DentistryNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Teeraphan Narakaew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Kornchanok Wayakanon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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Khan SDAA, Al Qahtani BH, Alamer HM, Al Dashil MS, Asiri ZM, Asiri YA, Alkorbi MH, Altouk AA. Knowledge and attitude of children about soda and its effects on dental health. Bioinformation 2022; 18:1016-1020. [PMID: 37654829 PMCID: PMC10465764 DOI: 10.6026/973206300181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carbonated beverages or soda drinks has increased due to media advertisements. These drinks have ill effects on dental as well as on general health especially in children and adolescent. Therefore, a study was carried out to check the knowledge and attitude of children in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire-based study was conducted. It comprises of three parts i) demographic details ii) attitude toward consumption of soda drinks and iii) knowledge about soda drinks. A total of 393 primary elementary School Children age range 5 to 15 years old responded the questionnaire. 47.3% children drank soda on weekly basis. More than half participants did not have knowledge about the effects of soda on health (55.2%) and on teeth (53.9%). The knowledge of children about the effects of soda drinks on dental health in not convincing one. However, their attitude was relatively better. There is a need to improve their practices for prevention of dental and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj DAA Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | | | - Hamad Mohammad Alamer
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | | | - Ziyad Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Yasir Ali Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
| | - Mansoor Hamad Alkorbi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, KSA
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Kolarovszki B, Sándor A, Szabó P, Kopniczky J, Frank D, Nagy Á, Turzó K. Energy drinks alter the surface morphology and roughness of composites, fissure sealants and titanium: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10764. [PMID: 36193518 PMCID: PMC9525914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The influence of energy drinks on dental materials are relatively under addressed. Our aim was to investigate the effect of energy drinks on dental materials used intraorally in young individuals. Commonly used preventive, restorative, and orthodontic materials were tested in vitro. Methods The effect of two commercially available energy drinks (HELL, BURN) was investigated on different dental materials: machined, anodized Titanium (grade 5: Ti6Al4V) and composites (Grandio Seal, VOCO; Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE; Estelite SQ, TOKUYAMA). The roughness (Ra) and morphological changes were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results AFM and SEM revealed significant differences in the Ra and morphology of the samples. AFM results for the machined and anodized titanium samples showed that the two energy drinks modified the surface roughness differently; BURN changed the roughness of machined samples significantly, while anodized discs were not altered significantly by the two energy drinks. In case of composite samples there was no significant difference for the Estelite SQ, relative low differences for the Filtek Z250 and significant changes in the morphology and surface roughness of Grandio Seal. Significance On all tested materials, changes in the surface roughness and morphology were more or less detected, proving energy drinks do in fact have a harmful effect. It can be concluded that material erosion depends on the material composition and particle arrangement. Where the surface is characterized by a regular, uniform particle arrangement, energy drinks are less able to influence the roughness, while for samples where the surface is rich in aggregates, the material erodes the surface much more easily. Consumption of energy drinks is increasing amongst children and young individuals. Preventive, restorative, and orthodontic materials used in young individuals are affected by energy drinks. Roughness and morphological change of dental materials is observed in case of Hell and Burn impact. Burn damages more titanium, fissure sealant and composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kolarovszki
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Tüzér u. 1., Hungary
| | - Alíz Sándor
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Tüzér u. 1., Hungary
| | - Péter Szabó
- Szentágothai Research Center, Environmental Analytical and Geoanalytical Research Group, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Hungary
| | - Judit Kopniczky
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Tüzér u. 1., Hungary
| | - Ákos Nagy
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Tüzér u. 1., Hungary
| | - Kinga Turzó
- Dental School, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Tüzér u. 1., Hungary
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Silva MR, Chetti MA, Neves H, Manso MC. Is the consumption of beverages and food associated to dental erosion? A cross-sectional study in Portuguese athletes. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tseng CC, Lin PY, Kirankumar R, Chuang ZW, Wu IH, Hsieh S. Surface degradation effects of carbonated soft drink on a resin based dental compound. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06400. [PMID: 33869827 PMCID: PMC8035514 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental compounds and restorative materials undergo surface degradation and erosion from exposure to a variety of dietary substances. In this study we investigated changes in the surface properties of Rebaron, a hard denture reline material (HDRM), following timed immersion in carbonated soft drinks to determine its durability in a common acidic environment. Samples were prepared and immersed in a carbonated soft drink (or its components) for 6, 12, or 24 h. Surface structure and mechanical properties were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Raman spectroscopy was used to identify changes in the HDRM surface chemistry following exposure to the test solutions. AFM revealed that prolonged exposure led to pit formation and a subsequent increase in surface roughness, from 302.02 ± 30.20 to 430.59 ± 15.07 nm Ra, following a 24 h exposure. Young's modulus values decreased from 9.3 ± 7.0 to 0.53 ± 0.26 GPa under the same conditions, demonstrating a softening and embrittlement of the HDRM sample. Raman results revealed that immersion in the carbonated soft drink or acidic solution changed the nature of the HDRM structure, converting the HDRM surface chemistry from primarily hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Our study indicates that sustainability and durability of Rebaron HDRM are significantly reduced by prolonged exposure to carbonated (acidic) soft drink, resulting in deformation and degradation of the material surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81357, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Rajendranath Kirankumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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Çetinkaya H, Romaniuk P. Relationship between consumption of soft and alcoholic drinks and oral health problems. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:94-102. [PMID: 32592551 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral health can affect quality of life in all course of life, which is a key factor of general health. Dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer are of the highest burden of oral diseases. Rising prevalence of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages consumption due to easy access and socio-demographic altering has increased the concerns on oral health. In this review our purpose was to show effects of the most consumed beverages on oral health in people older than 15 years. METHODS The review was based on papers published in last 10 years, searched with combined key words related to types of drinks and specific oral health problems. We included 4 older studies due to lack of newer studies on subjected topics. RESULTS Sugar-free soft drinks are found less cariogenic and erosive than regular versions in limited number of studies. Alcohol consumption is shown as one of the risk factors of prevalence and severity of periodontitis and is proven to have synergistic effects along with tobacco on oral cancer risk. Consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages was related with tooth loss whether dental caries or periodontal diseases. CONCLUSION There is good evidence for association between soft drinks and oral health problems, but still no clear answer exists about strength of association between sugar-free soft drinks and dental caries. Also the knowledge about influence of alcohol is inadequate. Since consuming style affects erosive potential of drinks manufacturers should be required to add some recommendations on labels about drinking style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Çetinkaya
- Department of Health Policy, School of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Piotr Romaniuk
- Department of Health Policy, School of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
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Nowak D, Gośliński M. Assessment of Antioxidant Properties of Classic Energy Drinks in Comparison with Fruit Energy Drinks. Foods 2020; 9:foods9010056. [PMID: 31935989 PMCID: PMC7023211 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) contain sugar, caffeine, and other bioactive compounds. Recently, new types of EDs, enriched with fruit juices, natural pigments, and plant extracts, have been launched in the market. The objective of this study was to investigate the composition and antioxidant properties of the most popular classic and fruit EDs. The study was carried out including 24 of the most popular energy drinks (classic and fruit EDs). The composition of EDs, especially caffeine and sugar, and antioxidant properties (antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, vitamin C) were analyzed. Energy drinks with added fruit juice or natural pigments had a significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidant capacity compared to classic energy drinks. Fruit EDs had a higher concentration of polyphenols and vitamin C. In some fruit EDs, slight amounts of anthocyanins were found. Generally, EDs are not a rich source of polyphenols and are not distinguished by high antioxidant capacity. However, fruit energy drinks and/or ones with added natural pigments have much better antioxidant properties than classic EDs. Both classic and fruit EDs contain a large amount of caffeine and sugar, therefore, it would be advisable not to drink large amounts of EDs for possible related health issues.
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Onwubu SC, Mdluli PS, Singh S, Bharuth V, Makgobole MU. Evaluation of the Occluding Characteristics of Nanosized Eggshell/Titanium Dioxide with or without Saliva. Eur J Dent 2020; 13:547-555. [PMID: 31891972 PMCID: PMC6938434 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1697726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study reports on the effectiveness of a ball-milled nanosized titanium dioxide composite (EB@TiO2) for DH management in comparison with commercial desensitizing paste with and without saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine dentine specimens were prepared from extracted bovine anterior teeth. Twenty-one of the specimens were brushed with three desensitizing toothpaste for 7 days, namely: Group 1; EB@TiO2, Group 2; Colgate Pro-relief; and Group 3; Sensodyne repair (n = 7). Twenty-four specimens were brushed with the toothpaste for 7 days and stored in artificial saliva (control) after brushing. Each specimen was subsequently posttreated in citric acid solution to test its stability in acidic condition. Field scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the dentine tubules occlusion. The biocompatibility of the composite was tested using BHK21 cell line. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the percentage occluded area ratio values for all specimens (α = 0.05). Independent t-test was further used to evaluate the occlusion differences with saliva and without saliva. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The number of dentine tubules decreased significantly after 7 days of brushing. Overall, the occlusion observe for EB@TiO2 were significantly better than for Colgate Pro-relief and Sensodyne repair (p < 0.05). BHK21 assay suggested that composite had no significant effect on the BHK21 cell line. This study demonstrated that the composite effectively occluded open dentine tubules within 7 days of brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phumlani Selby Mdluli
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, South Africa
| | - Shenuka Singh
- Discipline of Dentistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, South Africa
| | - Vishal Bharuth
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Westville, South Africa
| | - Mokgadi Ursula Makgobole
- Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, South Africa
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Mitic AD, Gasic JZ, Barac RG, Radenkovic GS, Sunaric SM, Popovic JZ, Nikolic MM. Ultrastructural changes in the cemento-enamel junction caused by acidic beverages: An in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:91-98. [PMID: 31637811 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the morphological changes in the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) after exposure to acidic beverages using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial pH and titratable acidity (TA) was analyzed from follow groups: (I) Coca cola, (II) orange juice, (III) Cedevita, (IV) Red Bull, (V) Somersby cider, and (VI) white wine. The CEJ samples (n = 64), obtained from unerupted third molars, were allocated to one control (artificial saliva, n = 16) and six experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental samples were immersed in beverages (50 ml) for 15 min, three times daily, 10 days, and in artificial saliva between immersions. SEM analysis was performed in a blind manner, according to scoring scale. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, as well as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test used for statistical analysis. The pH values of the acidic beverages ranged from 2.65 (Coca cola) to 3.73 (orange juice), and TA ranged from 1.90 ml (Coca cola) to 5.70 ml (orange juice) of NaOH to reach pH 7.0. The SEM analysis indicated statistically significant differences between the control samples and those immersed in acidic beverages. The Groups IV, I, and II, showed the highest CEJ damage grade while those of the Group VI were the lowest. All the tested acidic beverages caused morphological changes in the CEJ with a smaller or larger exposure of dentine surface, and were not always related to the pH or TA of acidic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar D Mitic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Z Gasic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Radomir G Barac
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Goran S Radenkovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Slavica M Sunaric
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena Z Popovic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marija M Nikolic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Clinic of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Abstract
Aim Energy drinks are widely consumed worldwide and are recognised for their adverse health effects, usually due to their high caffeine content. However, little is known about their impact on oral and general health. The aim of this investigation was to review the most popular energy drinks sold in the UK, for their possible effect on oral health and contribution to obesity. Materials and methods Five drinks representing 75% of the UK energy drinks market were purposively selected (Lucozade, Red Bull, Monster, Rockstar and Relentless). pH and sugar content were measured and their ingredients reviewed in the context of oral and general health, focusing on dental caries and erosion and obesity. Results All five energy drinks investigated had pH values below the critical value (5.5) associated with dental erosion; the lowest pH was 2.72 (Lucozade) and the highest was 3.37 (Monster). The drinks also contained excessive amounts of free sugars, ranging from 25.5 g (Red Bull) to 69.2 g (Rockstar). Differences in sugar content were mainly explained by portion size. Other ingredients contained within the energy drinks, caffeine and various acids, are also linked to oral and general health. Conclusion Regular consumption of energy drinks could contribute to dental erosion and the development of obesity. Lucozade and Rockstar were found to potentially have the greatest impact on oral health and obesity. Achieving a healthy product by reformulation is highly unlikely due to the very high initial free sugar content. Thus, health professionals need to acknowledge the popularity of these products and help their clients to reduce their use. This is the first study which compares in detail the potential oral and general health consequences of overuse of a selection of energy drinks popular in the UK.
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Onwubu SC, Mhlungu S, Mdluli PS. In vitroevaluation of nanohydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste in occluding dentin tubules. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019851764. [DOI: 10.1177/2280800019851764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sbusiso Mhlungu
- Chemistry Department, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban, South Africa
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Moda MD, Fagundes TC, Briso ALF, dos Santos PH. Analysis of the bond interface between self-adhesive resin cement to eroded dentin in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208024. [PMID: 30475892 PMCID: PMC6258132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding interface between a self-adhesive resin cement to in vitro eroded dentin. Seventy-two third molars were used and divided into two groups: sound dentin and in vitro eroded dentin. The in vitro erosion was performed following a demineralization protocol, in which the specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 2 minutes per cycle and remineralizing solution for 10 minutes per cycle for 9 days. Both groups were submitted to four dentin surface treatments: control group (without any treatment), 2% chlorhexidine, 20% polyacrylic acid, and 0.1 M EDTA (n = 9). Blocks of resin-based composite were bonded with RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement applied on the pretreated dentin surfaces. The teeth were sectioned into beams (1mm2) and submitted to microtensile bond strength testing to evaluate the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin after 24 hours and 8 months of immersion in artificial saliva. Three specimens of each group were longitudinally cut and evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy to analyze the dentin/cement interface. Eroded dentin showed higher bond strength values when compared to sound dentin for the 2% chlorhexidine group (p = 0.03), 24 hours after adhesion. When considering eroded dentin, the 0.1M EDTA group showed higher bond strength values with a statistically significant difference only for the control group (p = 0.002). After 8 months of storage, the present results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two substrates for all experimental groups (p>0.05). Analysis of the microscopy confocal showed different types of treatments performed on dentin generally increased tags formation when compared to the control group. The eroded dentin showed a significant increase in density and depth of resinous tags when compared to sound dentin. The storage of samples for 8 months seems to have not caused significant degradation of the adhesive interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dias Moda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP–São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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PETRELLI F, GRAPPASONNI I, EVANGELISTA D, POMPEI P, BROGLIA G, CIOFFI P, KRACMAROVA L, SCURI S. Mental and physical effects of energy drinks consumption in an Italian young people group: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2018; 59:E80-E87. [PMID: 29938242 PMCID: PMC6009067 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.1.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary consumers of energy drinks were athletes, to combat fatigue, but in reality, thanks to their fast expansion and economic growth, young adults and teenagers represent the new target market. Consumption of energy drinks by both recreational and competitive athletes has increased dramatically in recent years, though they are often unaware of what is being ingested, believing to improve their physical and psychological performance. The literature shows contradictions about the capacity of energy drinks to enhance psychophysical results. In relation to probable adverse effects induced by the irregular consumption of energy drinks, which in several cases are not so clear, we decided to investigate the possible relationship between the intake of energy drinks and the presence of mental and physical stress in young people and athletes. METHODS Two experimental sessions, separated at least by 1 week, according to a randomized cross-over design, following this protocol were conducted: in the first session a mental and physical stress was conducted without the consumption of energy drinks, the second after energy drinks consumption. BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory II) test have been used to test the mental stress, and a "cycle ergometer test" to test the physical stress. RESULTS BAI and BDI tests results showed that before the consumption of energy drinks, subjects are considered in the range of "minimal level of anxiety", (10 and 60 percentiles) and do not report a level of depression. After the energy drinks consumption, a "mild level of anxiety" has been recorded, and the BDI showed a case with a pathological profile. The physical test recorded a small increase in the maximum heart rate was verified with the intake of an energetic beverage. CONCLUSIONS The stimulating effect of Energy Drinks EDs on nervous system and cardiovascular system, must be checked and studied in deeper detail, because it may represent a risk for the health of young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. PETRELLI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - I. GRAPPASONNI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - D. EVANGELISTA
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - P. POMPEI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - G. BROGLIA
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - P. CIOFFI
- Internal Pharmacy Service of Pescara Hospital, Italy
| | - L. KRACMAROVA
- Regional Hospital of T. Bata in Zlin, Hospital Pharmacy, Czech Republic
| | - S. SCURI
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy
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16
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MATUMOTO MSS, TERADA RSS, HIGASHI DT, FUJIMAKI M, SUGA SS, GUEDES-PINTO AC. In vitro effect of energy drinks on human enamel surface. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and also in young people. Objective To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Material and method Ten commercial ED were selected and the pH of two lots of each ED with and without gas was obtained. Acid titration was conducted with the addition of NaOH aliquots until the pH 7 was reached. Eighteen human enamel specimens were allocated in three groups (N=6), Red Bull (RB), Red Bull Light (RBL) and distilled water (C), submitted to an acid challenge with the ED, six consecutive times, with 12 hours intervals, during three days. Knoop microhardness was measured before and after the acid challenge. Result All ED brands tested presented low pH levels ranging from 2.1 to 3.2. Regarding titratable acidity, it was found that the amount of base required promoting the neutralization of the solutions ranged from 1200μL to 3750μL. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The ED analyzed promoted significant mineral losses on the dental enamel surface.
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17
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Energy drink consumption and marketing in South Africa. Prev Med 2017; 105S:S32-S36. [PMID: 28526393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy drinks are a fast-growing class of beverage containing high levels of caffeine and sugar. Advertising and marketing have been key to their growth in South Africa. This paper documents trends in energy drink consumption and energy drink advertising, and examines the relationship between exposure to energy drink advertising and consumption. Logistic regressions were estimated of categories of energy drink consumption on individual characteristics, as well as exposure to energy drink advertising. Exposure to advertising is measured by reported viewing of channels high in energy drink advertising. Energy drink consumption in South Africa is higher among younger, wealthier males. Spending on energy drink advertising is mostly focused on television. Targeted channels include youth, sports and general interest channels. Viewers of channels targeted by energy drink advertisers have higher odds of any and moderate levels of energy drinks consumption.
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18
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West NX, He T, Macdonald EL, Seong J, Hellin N, Barker ML, Eversole SL. Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF 2 dentifrice versus an arginine-sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:533-540. [PMID: 27477786 PMCID: PMC5318474 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. Materials and methods A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice (0.454 % SnF2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Results Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over dentifrice B (p < 0.05, ANOVA), while after 10 days in the in situ model, dentifrice A provided 93.9 % greater protection versus dentifrice B (p < 0.0001, general linear mixed model). Conclusion These results support the superiority of stabilized SnF2 dentifrices for protecting human teeth against the initiation and progression of dental erosion. Clinical relevance Stabilized SnF2 dentifrices may provide more significant benefits to consumers than conventional fluoride dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N X West
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - T He
- Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E L Macdonald
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - J Seong
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - N Hellin
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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Ahmadizenouz G, Esmaeili B, Ahangari Z, Khafri S, Rahmani A. Effect of Energy Drinks on Discoloration of Silorane and Dimethacrylate-Based Composite Resins. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2016; 13:261-270. [PMID: 28127318 PMCID: PMC5253219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effects of two energy drinks on color change (ΔE) of two methacrylate-based and a silorane-based composite resin after one week and one month. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty cubic samples were fabricated from Filtek P90, Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350XT composite resins. All the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Baseline color values (L*a*b*) of each specimen were measured using a spectrophotometer according to the CIEL*a*b* color system. Ten randomly selected specimens from each composite were then immersed in the two energy drinks (Hype, Red Bull) and artificial saliva (control) for one week and one month. Color was re-assessed after each storage period and ΔE values were calculated. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Filtek Z250 composite showed the highest ΔE irrespective of the solutions at both time points. After seven days and one month, the lowest ΔE values were observed in Filtek Z350XT and Filtek P90 composites immersed in artificial saliva, respectively. The ΔE values of Filtek Z250 and Z350XT composites induced by Red Bull and Hype energy drinks were not significantly different. Discoloration of Filtek P90 was higher in Red Bull energy drink at both time points. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged immersion time in all three solutions increased ΔE values of all composites. However, the ΔE values were within the clinically acceptable range (<3.3) at both time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz
- Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Behnaz Esmaeili
- Assistant Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ahangari
- Dental Student, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Corresponding author: Z. Ahangari, Dental Student, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Aghil Rahmani
- Dental Student, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Yang CS, Ford P, Liu X, Leishman S, Schubert L. Ready-to-drink non-alcoholic beverages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-09-2015-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The appearance of a rapidly expanding range of ready-to-drink packaged beverages in the marketplace has been met with widespread consumer acceptance. The aim of this study is to profile the nutritional composition and dental erosive potential of a sample of beverages sold for consumption in Brisbane supermarkets.
Design/methodology/approach
In all, 44 beverages were assessed to determine their pH and titratable acidity. Information relating to nutritional composition was also collected.
Findings
Milk-based beverages had the highest energy concentration, while soft drinks, energy drinks, flavoured milk, and fruit and vegetable juice categories contained products with very high sugar concentrations (>10g/100ml). All beverages, except milk-based products and still water, had a pH of less than 4.8. Titratable acidity was highest for energy drinks and fruit and vegetable juices.
Research limitations/implications
Energy drinks and fruit and vegetable juices had the highest sugar content and titratable acidity of all the beverage categories and so would be expected to have the greatest potential to cause oral health problems. Milk drinks had the highest energy concentration, but the lowest erosive potential. Regular consumption of many ready-to-drink pre-packaged beverages is therefore inconsistent with recommendations in current dietary and oral health guidelines.
Originality/value
Rather than considering nutritional composition alone, this study examined both nutritional and physicochemical properties of ready-to-drink packaged beverages to reach a more holistic assessment of their health impact.
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21
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Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Saygi G, Altay NI, Eren MM, Yucel T. Effects of energy and sports drinks on tooth structures and restorative materials. World J Stomatol 2016; 5:1-7. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v5.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports and energy drinks are consumed by more people than ever. Sports and energy drinks may enhance physical resistance, stimulate metabolism, prevent rehydration and replace electrolytes during high activity efforts. However, these drinks often have a low pH and are acidic, which can erode enamel and dentin, and increase dentine hypersensitivity. In addition to the adverse effects of sports and energy drinks on tooth structures, they often have the potential to damage restorative materials. These drinks often contain artificial colors which have potential to discolor resin composite materials and glass ionomers. The acidic nature of these drinks could also lead to a degradation, increase in wear, and roughening of the surface of the restorative materials. Many of the negative consequences of sport and energy drinks can be related to their over-consumption among children and teenagers. Patients should be advised to have a healthy diet, and consume soft and energy drinks in moderation, to avoid any negative dental or health consequences. The over-consumption of sports and energy drinks which are high in sugar and have the lowest pH are most likely to cause avoidable dental problems.
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22
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Amazonian delicacy tucupi is as erosive as a cola-based soft drink. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 61:84-8. [PMID: 26547020 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acidic diets are advocated as main risk factor for tooth erosion, which could be prevented, or at least controlled, if patients were early advised. It is important to identify, hence, if possible dietary constituents regionally consumed on large scale, such as tucupi, a low-pH yellowish-green color and strong flavor delicacy made from the juice of a bitter cassava, may explain its occurrence in specific patient groups. This cross-over in situ/ex vivo study evaluated tucupi's ability to promote erosion of bovine enamel by assessing its percentage of surface microhardness change (%SMHC), taking a cola-based soft drink and human saliva as positive and negative controls. DESIGN For three 7-days spaced out legs of 7 days each, nine volunteers wore palatal devices with three bovine enamel blocks, which were challenged with one of the following solutions: TUC-tucupi (n=27); COL-cola-based soft drink (n=27); SAL-saliva (n=27). Erosive challenges were performed extra-orally (4×/day) by dropping TUC or COL at room temperature on specimens. After 5min, palatal devices were replaced into the mouth. SAL permanently acted as the negative control while volunteers solely wore the device. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests (α=0.05) were applied. RESULTS TUC promoted an enamel %SMHC (-21.56±10.08(a)) similar than that promoted by COL (-18.19±12.99(a); p=0.275), which were both significantly higher than that promoted by SAL (-1.86±13.65(b); p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Besides the most worldwide appreciated cola-based soft drink, the greatly consumed Amazonian delicacy tucupi can be considered a potential risk factor for tooth erosion.
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23
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Alsunni AA. Energy Drink Consumption: Beneficial and Adverse Health Effects. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2015; 9:468-474. [PMID: 26715927 PMCID: PMC4682602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of energy drinks has been increasing dramatically in the last two decades, particularly amongst adolescents and young adults. Energy drinks are aggressively marketed with the claim that these products give an energy boost to improve physical and cognitive performance. However, studies supporting these claims are limited. In fact, several adverse health effects have been related to energy drink; this has raised the question of whether these beverages are safe. This review was carried out to identify and discuss the published articles that examined the beneficial and adverse health effects related to energy drink. It is concluded that although energy drink may have beneficial effects on physical performance, these products also have possible detrimental health consequences. Marketing of energy drinks should be limited or forbidden until independent research confirms their safety, particularly among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulrahman Alsunni
- Correspondence: Ahmed Abdulrahman Alsunni, MBBS, PhD, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Damman, KSA, PO Box 1527, Alkhobar 31952, Phone number: 0138981192, Mobile number: 0535255577,
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24
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West NX, Seong J, Hellin N, Eynon H, Barker ML, He T. A clinical study to measure anti-erosion properties of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a sodium fluoride/triclosan dentifrice. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 15:113-119. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NX West
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - J Seong
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - N Hellin
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - H Eynon
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
| | - ML Barker
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
| | - T He
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
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25
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Breda JJ, Whiting SH, Encarnação R, Norberg S, Jones R, Reinap M, Jewell J. Energy drink consumption in europe: a review of the risks, adverse health effects, and policy options to respond. Front Public Health 2014; 2:134. [PMID: 25360435 PMCID: PMC4197301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the worldwide consumption of energy drinks increasing in recent years, concerns have been raised both in the scientific community and among the general public about the health effects of these products. Recent studies provide data on consumption patterns in Europe; however, more research is needed to determine the potential for adverse health effects related to the increasing consumption of energy drinks, particularly among young people. A review of the literature was conducted to identify published articles that examined the health risks, consequences, and policies related to energy drink consumption. The health risks associated with energy drink consumption are primarily related to their caffeine content, but more research is needed that evaluates the long-term effects of consuming common energy drink ingredients. The evidence indicating adverse health effects due to the consumption of energy drinks with alcohol is growing. The risks of heavy consumption of energy drinks among young people have largely gone unaddressed and are poised to become a significant public health problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Joaquim Breda
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Hugh Whiting
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Encarnação
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stina Norberg
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marge Reinap
- WHO Country Office for Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jo Jewell
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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