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Verly T, Pita S, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Piccinali RV, Fiad FG, Ríos N, Panzera F, Lobbia P, Sánchez-Casaccia P, Rojas de Arias A, Cavallo MJ, Gigena GV, Rodríguez CS, Nattero J. Relationship between genetic diversity and morpho-functional characteristics of flight-related traits in Triatoma garciabesi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:145. [PMID: 38500121 PMCID: PMC10949591 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma garciabesi, a potential vector of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the causative agent of Chagas disease, is common in peridomestic and wild environments and found throughout northwestern and central Argentina, western Paraguay and the Bolivian Chaco. Genetic differentiation of a species across its range can help to understand dispersal patterns and connectivity between habitats. Dispersal by flight is considered to be the main active dispersal strategy used by triatomines. In particular, the morphological structure of the hemelytra is associated with their function. The aim of this study was to understand how genetic diversity is structured, how morphological variation of dispersal-related traits varies with genetic diversity and how the morphological characteristics of dispersal-related traits may explain the current distribution of genetic lineages in this species. METHODS Males from 24 populations of T. garciabesi across its distribution range were examined. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene (coI) was used for genetic diversity analyses. A geometric morphometric method based on landmarks was used for morpho-functional analysis of the hemelytra. Centroid size (CS) and shape of the forewing, and contour of both parts of the forewing, the head and the pronotum were characterised. Length and area of the forewing were measured to estimate the aspect ratio. RESULTS The morphometric and phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages, namely the Eastern and Western lineages, which coincide with different ecological regions. The Eastern lineage is found exclusively in the eastern region of Argentina (Chaco and Formosa provinces), whereas the Western lineage is prevalent in the rest of the geographical range of the species. CS, shape and aspect ratio of the hemelytra differed between lineages. The stiff portion of the forewing was more developed in the Eastern lineage. The shape of both portions of the hemelytra were significantly different between lineages, and the shape of the head and pronotum differed between lineages. CONCLUSIONS The results provide preliminary insights into the evolution and diversification of T. garciabesi. Variation in the forewing, pronotum and head is congruent with genetic divergence. Consistent with genetic divergence, morphometry variation was clustered according to lineages, with congruent variation in the size and shape of the forewing, pronotum and head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Verly
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Romina V Piccinali
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico G Fiad
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Néstor Ríos
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán", Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paz Sánchez-Casaccia
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - María José Cavallo
- Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente Para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Gisel V Gigena
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Rodríguez
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Azevedo LMS, Cesaretto NR, de Oliveira J, Ravazi A, Dos Reis YV, Tadini SCAF, da Silva Masarin I, Borsatto KC, Galvão C, da Rosa JA, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, Alevi KCC. First evidence of gonadal hybrid dysgenesis in Chagas disease vectors (Hemiptera, Triatominae): gonad atrophy prevents events of interspecific gene flow and introgression. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:390. [PMID: 37891624 PMCID: PMC10604409 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization events between Triatoma spp. have been observed under both natural and laboratory conditions. The ability to produce hybrids can influence different aspects of the parent species, and may even result in events of introgression, speciation and extinction. Hybrid sterility is caused by unviable gametes (due to errors in chromosomal pairing [meiosis]) or by gonadal dysgenesis (GD). All of the triatomine hybrids analyzed so far have not presented GD. We describe here for the first time GD events in triatomine hybrids and highlight these taxonomic and evolutionary implications of these events. METHODS Reciprocal experimental crosses were performed between Triatoma longipennis and Triatoma mopan. Intercrosses were also performed between the hybrids, and backcrosses were performed between the hybrids and the parent species. In addition, morphological and cytological analyzes were performed on the atrophied gonads of the hybrids. RESULTS Hybrids were obtained only for the crosses T. mopan♀ × T. longipennis♂. Intercrosses and backcrosses did not result in offspring. Morphological analyses of the male gonads of the hybrids confirmed that the phenomenon that resulted in sterility of the hybrid was bilateral GD (the gonads of the hybrids were completely atrophied). Cytological analyses of the testes of the hybrids also confirmed GD, with no germ cells observed (only somatic cells, which make up the peritoneal sheath). CONCLUSIONS The observations made during this study allowed us to characterize, for the first time, GD in triatomines and demonstrated that gametogenesis does not occur in atrophied gonads. The characterization of GD in male hybrids resulting from the crossing of T. mopan♀ × T. longipennis♂ highlights the importance of evaluating both the morphology and the cytology of the gonads to confirm which event resulted in the sterility of the hybrid: GD (which results in no gamete production) or meiotic errors (which results in non-viable gametes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Martins Sensato Azevedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Regina Cesaretto
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Samanta Cristina Antoniassi Fernandes Tadini
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella da Silva Masarin
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristine Borsatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Knyshov A, Gordon ERL, Masonick PK, Castillo S, Forero D, Hoey-Chamberlain R, Hwang WS, Johnson KP, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Standring S, Zhang J, Weirauch C. Chromosome-Aware Phylogenomics of Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduvioidea) Elucidates Ancient Gene Conflict. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad168. [PMID: 37494292 PMCID: PMC10411492 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the phylogenetic signal of loci on sex chromosomes can differ from those on autosomes, chromosomal-level genome assemblies for nonvertebrates are still relatively scarce and conservation of chromosomal gene content across deep phylogenetic scales has therefore remained largely unexplored. We here assemble a uniquely large and diverse set of samples (17 anchored hybrid enrichment, 24 RNA-seq, and 70 whole-genome sequencing samples of variable depth) for the medically important assassin bugs (Reduvioidea). We assess the performance of genes based on multiple features (e.g., nucleotide vs. amino acid, nuclear vs. mitochondrial, and autosomal vs. X chromosomal) and employ different methods (concatenation and coalescence analyses) to reconstruct the unresolved phylogeny of this diverse (∼7,000 spp.) and old (>180 Ma) group. Our results show that genes on the X chromosome are more likely to have discordant phylogenies than those on autosomes. We find that the X chromosome conflict is driven by high gene substitution rates that impact the accuracy of phylogenetic inference. However, gene tree clustering showed strong conflict even after discounting variable third codon positions. Alternative topologies were not particularly enriched for sex chromosome loci, but spread across the genome. We conclude that binning genes to autosomal or sex chromosomes may result in a more accurate picture of the complex evolutionary history of a clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Knyshov
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Eric R L Gordon
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul K Masonick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Dimitri Forero
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Wei Song Hwang
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Junxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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4
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Gómez-Palacio A, Pita S, Abad-Franch F, Monsalve Y, Cantillo-Barraza O, Monteiro FA, Pavan MG, Santos WS, Panzera A, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Panzera F. Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for sibling species in the Chagas disease vector Triatoma maculata. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:316-329. [PMID: 36543747 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) occurs across dry-to-semiarid ecoregions of northern South America, where it transmits Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. Using 207 field-caught specimens from throughout the species' range, mitochondrial(mt) DNA sequence data, and cytogenetics, we investigated inter-population genetic diversity and the phylogenetic affinities of T. maculata. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses (cytb and nd4) disclosed a monophyletic T. maculata clade encompassing three distinct geographic groups: Roraima formation (Guiana shield), Orinoco basin, and Magdalena basin (trans-Andean). Between-group cytb distances (11.0-12.8%) were larger than the ~7.5% expected for sister Triatoma species; the most recent common ancestor of these T. maculata groups may date back to the late Miocene. C-heterochromatin distribution and the sex-chromosome location of 45S ribosomal DNA clusters both distinguished Roraima bugs from Orinoco and Magdalena specimens. Cytb genealogies reinforced that T. maculata is not sister to Triatoma pseudomaculata and probably represents an early (middle-late Miocene) offshoot of the 'South American Triatomini lineage'. In sum, we report extensive genetic diversity and deep phylogeographic structuring in T. maculata, suggesting that it may consist of a complex of at least three sibling taxa. These findings have implications for the systematics, population biology, and perhaps medical relevance of T. maculata sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gómez-Palacio
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genética Evolutiva - LIGE, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Yoman Monsalve
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G Pavan
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter S Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Leishmanioses, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Panzera
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela Burgueño-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Litoral Norte-Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Müller JN, Freitas SPC, Teves SC, Santos-Mallet JR, Lopes CM, Gonçalves TCM. Species-specific differences in the egg exochorium of the sympatric taxa Triatoma costalimai and Triatoma jatai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7140379. [PMID: 37094884 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma costalimai and Triatoma jatai are related species, which occur in sympatry in Paranã, Tocantins, Brazil, in rocky outcrops and in peridomicile and intradomicile environments. This study compared morphologic and morphometric aspects of the eggs of these species using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Operculum cells (OP) and egg body (EB) were drawn and photographed, their surfaces were measured, and spots were quantified. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and t-tests. OM showed an egg exochorium with spots in T. costalimai and a predominance of short lines in T. jatai. We found significant differences in egg length and width, which were larger in T. costalimai. SEM analysis showed that the operculum of both species had cells with straight and/or rounded rims, with a smooth aspect, random spots, and predominantly pentagonal shape. In the EB, hexagonal cells were predominant, with indices exceeding 60% in both species. Triatoma costalimai cells were flat, with a discrete definition of the rims, whereas T. jatai cells were smooth with well-defined rims. Statistical tests showed significant differences for EB, where T. costalimai cells were larger and have more spots than T. jatai. The eggs can thus be differentiated, thereby contributing to integrative taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Nogueira Müller
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Cieníficas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Caldas Teves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório de Vigilância Entomológica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Piauí, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade em Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catarina Macedo Lopes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lis JA. Molecular Apomorphies in the Secondary and Tertiary Structures of Length-Variable Regions (LVRs) of 18S rRNA Shed Light on the Systematic Position of the Family Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097758. [PMID: 37175465 PMCID: PMC10178826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SSU nrDNA, a small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (coding 18S rRNA), is one of the most frequently sequenced genes in molecular studies in Hexapoda. In insects, including true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), only its primary structures (i.e., aligned sequences) are predominantly used in phylogenetic reconstructions. It is known that including RNA secondary structures in the alignment procedure is essential for improving accuracy and robustness in phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Moreover, local plasticity in rRNAs might impact their tertiary structures and corresponding functions. To determine the systematic position of Thaumastellidae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea, the secondary and-for the first time among all Hexapoda-tertiary structures of 18S rRNAs in twelve pentatomoid families were compared and analysed. Results indicate that the shapes of the secondary and tertiary structures of the length-variable regions (LVRs) in the 18S rRNA are phylogenetically highly informative. Based on these results, it is suggested that the Thaumastellidae is maintained as an independent family within the superfamily Pentatomoidea, rather than as a part of the family Cydnidae. Moreover, the analyses indicate a close relationship between Sehirinae and Parastrachiidae, expressed in morpho-molecular synapomorphies in the predicted secondary and tertiary structures of the length-variable region L (LVR L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy A Lis
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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7
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Oliveira-Correia JPS, Gil-Santana HR, Dos Santos-Mallet JR, Galvão C. Characterization of External Female Genitalia in Five Triatoma Laporte Species of South America (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050240. [PMID: 37235288 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are 158 valid species of triatomines, all of which are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The correct taxonomic identification of triatomines is essential since each species hos a different epidemiological importance. The aim of the study is to compare five species of South American Triatoma. Here we present a comparative study of terminal abdominal segments in females by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the species Triatoma delpontei, T. jurbergi, T. infestans var. melanosoma, T. platensis, and T. vandae. The results showed diagnostic characters for the studied species. The dorsal view featured more valuable characters, with seven informative characters. Similarities were observed among T. delpontei, T. infestans var. melanosoma, and T. platensis, and between T. jurbergi and T. vandae, correlating with previous studies. Thus, female genital characters proved to be reliable and useful in the diagnosis of the Triatoma species studied here; additional studies, along with other sets of behavioral, morphological, and molecular data, helped to reinforce the hypotheses found here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz 21040-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vigilância e Biodiversidade em Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu 26260-045, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz 21040-900, Brazil
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8
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dos Reis YV, de Oliveira J, Madeira FF, Ravazi A, de Oliveira ABB, Bittinelli IDS, Delgado LMG, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Galvão C, Alevi KCC. Karyotype Evolution in Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae): The Role of Chromosomal Rearrangements in the Diversification of Chagas Disease Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076350. [PMID: 37047319 PMCID: PMC10094360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cytogenetic studies have already been performed in Triatominae, such that different karyotypes could be characterized (ranging from 2n = 21 to 25 chromosomes), being the changes in the number of chromosomes related mainly to fusion and fission events. These changes have been associated with reproductive isolation and speciation events in other insect groups. Thus, we evaluated whether different karyotypes could act in the reproductive isolation of triatomines and we analyzed how the events of karyotypic evolution occurred along the diversification of these vectors. For this, experimental crosses were carried out between triatomine species with different karyotypes. Furthermore, based on a phylogeny with 88 triatomine taxa (developed with different molecular markers), a reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and of anagenetic and cladogenetic events related to karyotypic alterations was performed through the ChromoSSE chromosomal evolution model. All crosses performed did not result in hybrids (prezygotic isolation in both directions). Our modeling results suggest that during Triatominae diversification, at least nine cladogenetic events may be associated with karyotype change. Thus, we emphasize that these alterations in the number of chromosomes can act as a prezygotic barrier in Triatominae (karyotypic isolation), being important evolutionary events during the diversification of the species of Chagas disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Visinho dos Reis
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora da Silva Bittinelli
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Maria Grzyb Delgado
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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Cruz DD, Ospina-Garces SM, Arellano E, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Nava-García E, Alcalá R. Geometric morphometrics and ecological niche modelling for delimitation of Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) haplogroups. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 3:100119. [PMID: 37009555 PMCID: PMC10064238 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A recent phylogenetic analysis of Triatoma pallidipennis, an important Chagas disease vector in Mexico, based on molecular markers, revealed five monophyletic haplogroups with validity as cryptic species. Here, we compare T. pallidipennis haplogroups using head and pronotum features, environmental characteristics of their habitats, and ecological niche modeling. To analyze variation in shape, images of the head and pronotum of the specimens were obtained and analyzed using methods based on landmarks and semi-landmarks. Ecological niche models were obtained from occurrence data, as well as a set of bioclimatic variables that characterized the environmental niche of each analyzed haplogroup. Deformation grids for head showed a slight displacement towards posterior region of pre-ocular landmarks. Greatest change in head shape was observed with strong displacement towards anterior region of antenniferous tubercle. Procrustes ANOVA and pairwise comparisons showed differences in mean head shape in almost all haplogroups. However, pairwise comparisons of mean pronotum shape only showed differences among three haplogroups. Correct classification of all haplogroups was not possible using discriminant analysis. Important differences were found among the environmental niches of the analyzed haplogroups. Ecological niche models of each haplogroup did not predict the climatic suitability areas of the other haplogroups, revealing differences in environmental conditions. Significant differences were found between at least two haplogroups, demonstrating distinct environmental preferences among them. Our results show how the analysis of morphometric variation and the characterization of the environmental conditions that define the climatic niche can be used to improve the delimitation of T. pallidipennis haplogroups that constitute cryptic species.
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Gigena GV, Rodríguez CS, Fiad FG, Hernández ML, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Piccinali RV, Sánchez Casaccia P, Rojas de Arias A, Lobbia P, Abrahan L, Bustamante Gomez M, Espinoza J, Cano F, Nattero J. Phenotypic variability in traits related to flight dispersal in the wing dimorphic species Triatoma guasayana. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:8. [PMID: 36624528 PMCID: PMC9830765 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma guasayana is considered an emerging vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of South America. The presence of a triatomine population with brachypterous individuals, in which both wings are reduced, has recently been reported for this species. The aim of the present study was to determine if flight-related traits varied across populations, if these traits could explain differences in flight capacity across populations and if flight-related traits are associated with geographic and/or climatic variation. METHODS The study involved 66 male T. guasayana specimens from 10 triatomine populations. Digital images of wing, head and pronotum were used to estimate linear and geometric morphometric variables. Variations in size and shape were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and canonical variate analysis (CVA), respectively. Mantel tests were applied to analyse the relationship between morphometric and geographic distances, and the association between size measurements was analysed using Pearson's correlation. We explored covariation between size and shape variables using partial least square analyses (PLS). The association of geographic and climatic variables with size measurements was tested using linear regression analyses. We performed PLS analyses for shape measurements. RESULTS Wing size differed significantly across triatomine populations. The CVA showed that wing shape of the brachypterous population is well discriminated from that of the other populations. The Mantel test showed a positive and significant association between wing shape and geographic distances. The heads of the brachypterous population were significantly larger than those of the other populations. Similar to wing shape, the head shape of the brachypterous population was well discriminated from those of the other populations. Pronotum width did not show significant differences across populations. Geographic and climatic factors were associated with size and shape of both the wing and head, but not with pronotum width. CONCLUSIONS Most of the traits related to flight dispersal varied across populations. Wing shape and head shape were found to be better markers for differentiated morphological variation across populations. Head measurements also varied in accordance with this condition. Geographic and climatic variables were associated with most of the flight-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisel V. Gigena
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Rodríguez
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico G. Fiad
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Cátedras de Morfología Animal y de Introducción a la Biología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Hernández
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- grid.419202.c0000 0004 0433 8498Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán” (ANLIS), Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina V. Piccinali
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Intendente Güiraldes, CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paz Sánchez Casaccia
- grid.419202.c0000 0004 0433 8498Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán” (ANLIS), Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de agosto y Oleary, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ,Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos Malbrán, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana Abrahan
- grid.507426.2Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), UNLAR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza S/N, Anillaco , 5301 La Rioja, Provincia de La Rioja Argentina
| | - Marinely Bustamante Gomez
- grid.441790.f0000 0004 0489 2878Departamento de Apoyo y Asesoramiento a Proyectos, Universidad Privada del Valle, Campus Tiquipaya, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jorge Espinoza
- grid.10491.3d0000 0001 2176 4059Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Florencia Cano
- Programa de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud Pública de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), Intendente Güiraldes, CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Revisiting the Genetic, Taxonomic and Evolutionary Aspects of Chagas Disease Vectors of the Triatoma phyllosoma Subcomplex (Hemiptera, Triatominae). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma bassolsae, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma and T. picturata are species that have great epidemiological importance in the transmission of Chagas disease in Mexico. However, there is no consensus regarding the specific status of these species, since they appear in various articles as species, subspecies and even subgenera. Thus, we revisited genetic, taxonomic and evolutionary data that allowed us to assess and discuss the specific status of these six species of the T. phyllosoma subcomplex. Phylogenetic studies were performed with nuclear (18S, 28S, ITS-2) and mitochondrial (16S, cytb, COI, COII, 12S) markers deposited in GenBank. In addition, data from experimental crosses were pooled and the genetic distance to the cytb gene was calculated. The phylogenetic reconstruction enabled us to rescue the six species as independent lineages. Post-zygotic reproductive isolation barriers (sterility and/or hybrid collapse) were observed for some experimental crosses. Although the other experimental crosses did not allow us to characterize reproductive barriers, these species showed high genetic distances in relation to the cytb gene (ranging from 4.6% to 14.9%). Thus, based on the revisited literature data, we confirmed the specific status of these six species of the T. phyllosoma subcomplex based on the phylogenetic and biological concepts of the species.
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Lima de Miranda V, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Moreira de Souza RDC, Abad-Franch F. Triatoma costalimai, a neglected vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Cerrado savannas of South America: A comprehensive review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100102. [PMID: 36479576 PMCID: PMC9720413 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma costalimai is a little-known triatomine-bug species whose role as a vector of Chagas disease remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and assessed the evidence base from a public-health perspective. We found 89 individual documents/resources with information about T. costalimai. DNA-sequence and cytogenetic data indicate that T. costalimai belongs, together with Triatoma jatai, in a distinct clade within the 'pseudomaculata group' of South American Triatoma. Triatoma costalimai is probably a narrow endemic of the Cerrado on the upper Tocantins River Basin and associated ranges/plateaus; there, the species thrives in the sandstone/limestone outcrops typical of the "Cerrado rupestre" (rocky-soil savanna) and "mata seca decídua calcária" (limestone-soil dry forest) phytophysiognomies. Wild T. costalimai appear to feed on whatever vertebrates are available in rocky outcrops, with lizards and rodents being most common. There is persuasive evidence that house invasion/infestation by T. costalimai has increased in frequency since the 1990s. The bugs often carry Trypanosoma cruzi, often defecate while feeding, have high fecundity/fertility, and, under overtly favorable conditions, can produce two generations per year. Current knowledge suggests that T. costalimai can transmit human Chagas disease in the upper Tocantins Basin; control-surveillance systems should 'tag' the species as a potentially important local vector in the Brazilian states of Goiás and Tocantins. Further research is needed to clarify (i) the drivers and dynamics of house invasion, infestation, and reinfestation by T. costalimai and (ii) the genetic structuring and vector capacity of the species, including its wild and non-wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Lima de Miranda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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dos Reis YV, de Oliveira J, Madeira FF, Ravazi A, de Oliveira ABB, de Mello DV, Campos FF, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Galvão C, Alevi KCC. Trends in evolution of the Triatomini tribe (Hemiptera, Triatominae): reproductive incompatibility between four species of geniculatus clade. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:403. [PMID: 36324186 PMCID: PMC9632112 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The geniculatus clade, composed by the rufotuberculatus, lignarius, geniculatus and megistus groups, relates evolutionarily the species of the genus Panstrongylus and Nesotriatoma. Several studies have shown that triatomine hybrids can play an important role in the transmission of Chagas disease. Natural hybrids between species of the geniculatus clade have never been reported to our knowledge. Thus, carrying out experimental crosses between species of the geniculatus clade can help to elucidate the taxonomic issues as well as contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of this group. Methods Experimental crosses were carried out between species of the megistus and lignarius groups to evaluate the reproductive compatibility between them. A phylogenetic reconstruction was also performed with data available in GenBank for the species of the geniculatus clade to show the relationships among the crossed species. Results Phylogenetic analysis grouped the species of the geniculatus clade into four groups, as previously reported. In the interspecific crosses performed there was no hatching of eggs, demonstrating the presence of prezygotic barriers between the crossed species and confirming their specific status. Conclusions In contrast to the other groups of the Triatomini tribe, as well as the Rhodniini, there are prezygotic barriers that prevent the formation of hybrids between species of the megistus and lignarius groups. Thus, the geniculatus clade may represent an important evolutionary model for Triatominae, highlighting the need for further studies with greater sample efforts for this clade (grouping the 17 species of Panstrongylus and the three of Nesotriatoma). Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Visinho dos Reis
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-689 Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP Brasil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XLaboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brasil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-689 Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XLaboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brasil
| | - Denis Vinicius de Mello
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-689 Brasil
| | - Fabricio Ferreira Campos
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XLaboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brasil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XLaboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000 Brasil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XLaboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XInstituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP 18618-689 Brasil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP Brasil ,grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
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Jameson SB, Cloherty E, Londono-Renteria B, Wesson DM. Chagas Disease in the Southeastern USA. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky Is a Junior Synonym of Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza and Lima. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070591. [PMID: 35886767 PMCID: PMC9318919 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Triatomines are blood-sucking insects, potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu and Triatoma williami are phylogenetically very close and occur in sympatry. Morphologic, morphometric, and genetic analyses were performed to discuss the taxonomic status of these species. Morphometric and molecular data do not show diagnostic characteristics between species, whereas their different patterns of connexival spots were considered a phenotypic polymorphism, common in triatomines. These results suggest T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami. Therefore, the synonym between these species is formally proposed here. Abstract Triatoma guazu Lent and Wygodzinsky and Triatoma williami Galvão, Souza, and Lima (Hemiptera: Triatominae) are found in human dwellings and are potential vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma guazu was described based solely on a single female specimen, from the municipality of Villarica, Guairá Department, Paraguay, and posteriorly, a male from Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil was described and designated as the allotype of this species. Triatoma williami is found in the central-west of Brazil between Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul. However, the taxonomic “status” of these species is questioned. Previous studies indicate the lack of isoenzymatic diagnostic loci, morphometric similarity, low genetic divergence, and close evolutionary relationship of these species. In this study, we compared the morphology, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA fragments of the populations of the two species. The morphological diagnostic characteristic among these species is the difference in the connexivum spots pattern, which has been recognized as a phenotypic variation that exists among populations resulting from ecological diversity. Furthermore, our analysis also revealed the morphometric similarity and low genetic divergence between these species. Therefore, in the present paper, we formally propose T. guazu as a junior synonym of T. williami.
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Gil-Santana HR, Chavez T, Pita S, Panzera F, Galvão C. Panstrongylusnoireaui, a remarkable new species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) from Bolivia. Zookeys 2022; 1104:203-225. [PMID: 36761929 PMCID: PMC9848746 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1104.81879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Panstrongylusnoireaui sp. nov. from Bolivia is described based on male and female specimens. Although morphologically almost indistinguishable from Panstrongylusrufotuberculatus (Champion, 1899), the new species shows remarkable chromosome and molecular features, which are very distinctive among all others Panstrongylus species. The new species is also separated by some characteristics of the processes of the endosoma of the male genitalia. An updated key for species of Panstrongylus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélcio R. Gil-Santana
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Genética Evolutiva, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Sección Genética Evolutiva, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório de Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Bittinelli IF, de Oliveira J, Dos Reis YV, Ravazi A, Madeira FF, de Oliveira ABB, Montanari G, Gomes AJC, Cesaretto LP, Massarin IDS, Galvão C, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Alevi KCC. Do not judge a book by its cover: would Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto, 1926) belong to Triatoma Laporte, 1832, or to Panstrongylus Berg, 1879, with misleading homoplasies? Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:184. [PMID: 35643509 PMCID: PMC9148475 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatoma tibiamaculata is a species distributed in ten Brazilian states which has epidemiological importance as it has already been found infecting household areas. The taxonomy of this triatomine has been quite unstable: it was initially described as Eutriatoma tibiamaculata. Later, the species was transferred from the genus Eutriatoma to Triatoma. Although included in the genus Triatoma, the phylogenetic position of T. tibiamaculata in relation to other species of this genus has always been uncertain once this triatomine was grouped in all phylogenies with the genus Panstrongylus, rescuing T. tibiamaculata and P. megistus as sister species. Thus, we evaluated the generic status of T. tibiamaculata using phylogenetic and chromosomal analysis. Methods Chromosomal (karyotype) and phylogenetic (with mitochondrial and nuclear markers) analyses were performed to assess the relationship between T. tibiamaculata and Panstrongylus spp. Results The chromosomal and phylogenetic relationship of T. tibiamaculata and Panstrongylus spp. confirms the transfer of the species to Panstrongylus with the new combination: Panstrongylus tibiamaculatus. Conclusions Based on chromosomal and phylogenetic characteristics, we state that P. tibiamaculatus comb. nov. belongs to the genus Panstrongylus and that the morphological features shared with Triatoma spp. represent homoplasies. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Freitas Bittinelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Giulia Montanari
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Julia Chaves Gomes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Laura Poloto Cesaretto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Isabella da Silva Massarin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Belintani T, de Paiva VF, de Oliveira J, da Rosa JA. New in morphometry: Geometric morphometry of the external female genitalia of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Acta Trop 2022; 229:106383. [PMID: 35192796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of geometric morphometry has an impact on Triatominae studies. Currently, several taxonomic and systematic studies use this approach. The Triatominae subfamily comprises three fossil species and 154 extant species potentially capable of transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. This study aims to evaluate the external female genitalia of adult triatomines using multivariate geometric morphometric approaches, not only for validation but also for systematic inferences. Specimens belonging to the genera Panstrongylus, Psammolestes, Rhodnius, and Triatoma were evaluated, in addition to two species previously included in Triatoma: T. longipennis and T. phyllosoma. The results show that the external female genitalia have operational morphology and allow characterization of the species and the genera of the Triatominae. In addition, the multivariate technique enabled delimitation of the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily, presenting results consistent with systematic studies. It can be concluded that the external female genitalia evaluated by geometric morphometry is a useful character for the taxonomy and systematics of Triatominae.
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Cruz DD, Arellano E. Molecular data confirm Triatoma pallidipennis Stål, 1872 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) as a novel cryptic species complex. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106382. [PMID: 35189124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma pallidipennis constitues one of the most important Chagas disease vector in Mexico. Previous studies based on molecular data suggest T. pallidipennis as a complex of cryptic species. For that reason, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of T. pallidipennis using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and the ITS-2 gene. In addition, the divergence times were estimated, and possible new taxa were delimited with three species delimitation methods. Finally, genetic distances and possible connectivity routes based on shared haplotypes were obtained among the T. pallidipennis populations. Five haplogroups (possible cryptic species) were found, based on delimitation methods and genetic distances. Haplogroup divergence began about 3 Ma, in the Pleistocene. Moreover, none of the haplogroups showed potential connectivity routes between them, evidencing lack of gene flow. Our results suggest the existence of a new cryptic species complex within what is currently recognized as a T. pallidipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), UAEM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Rojas de Arias A, Messenger LA, Rolon M, Vega MC, Acosta N, Villalba C, Marcet PL. Dynamics of Triatoma infestans populations in the Paraguayan Chaco: Population genetic analysis of household reinfestation following vector control. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263465. [PMID: 35143523 PMCID: PMC8830694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although domestic infestations by Triatoma infestans have been successfully controlled across Latin America, in areas of the Gran Chaco region, recurrent post-spraying house colonization continues to be a significant challenge, jeopardizing Chagas disease vector control and maintaining active Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Methodology/Principal findings To investigate the dynamics of triatomine reinfestation in a rural area of the Paraguayan Chaco, genetic characterization (based on 10 microsatellite loci and cytochrome B sequence polymorphisms) was performed on baseline and reinfestant T. infestans (n = 138) from four indigenous communities and adjacent sylvatic sites. House quality and basic economic activities were assessed across the four communities. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among all baseline triatomine populations. Faster reinfestation was observed in the communities with higher infestation rates pre-spraying. Baseline and reinfestant populations from the same communities were not genetically different, but two potentially distinct processes of reinfestation were evident. In Campo Largo, the reinfestant population was likely founded by domestic survivor foci, with reduced genetic diversity relative to the baseline population. However, in 12 de Junio, reinfestant bugs were likely derived from different sources, including survivors from the pre-spraying population and sympatric sylvatic bugs, indicative of gene-flow between these habitats, likely driven by high human mobility and economic activities in adjacent sylvatic areas. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that sylvatic T. infestans threatens vector control strategies, either as a reinfestation source or by providing a temporary refuge during insecticide spraying. Passive anthropogenic importation of T. infestans and active human interactions with neighboring forested areas also played a role in recolonization. Optimization of spraying, integrated community development and close monitoring of sylvatic areas should be considered when implementing vector control activities in the Gran Chaco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Rojas de Arias
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Louisa Alexandra Messenger
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- American Society for Microbiology, NW Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Rolon
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - María Celeste Vega
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC/Díaz Gill Medicina Laboratorial /FMB), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nidia Acosta
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, UNA, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Cesia Villalba
- Programa Nacional de Control de la Enfermedad de Chagas (SENEPA), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Paula L. Marcet
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (DPDM), Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Entomology Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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21
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Filée J, Merle M, Bastide H, Mougel F, Bérenger JM, Folly-Ramos E, Almeida CE, Harry M. Phylogenomics for Chagas Disease Vectors of the Rhodnius Genus (Hemiptera, Triatominae): What We Learn From Mito-Nuclear Conflicts and Recommendations. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.750317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide in this study a very large DNA dataset on Rhodnius species including 36 samples representing 16 valid species of the three Rhodnius groups, pictipes, prolixus and pallescens. Samples were sequenced at low-depth with whole-genome shotgun sequencing (Illumina technology). Using phylogenomics including 15 mitochondrial genes (13.3 kb), partial nuclear rDNA (5.2 kb) and 51 nuclear protein-coding genes (36.3 kb), we resolve sticking points in the Rhodnius phylogeny. At the species level, we confirmed the species-specific status of R. montenegrensis and R. marabaensis and we agree with the synonymy of R. taquarussuensis with R. neglectus. We also invite to revisit the species-specific status of R. milesi that is more likely R. nasutus. We proposed to define a robustus species complex that comprises the four close relative species: R. marabaensis, R. montenegrensis, R. prolixus and R. robustus. As Psammolestes tertius was included in the Rhodnius clade, we strongly recommend reclassifying this species as R. tertius. At the Rhodnius group level, molecular data consistently supports the clustering of the pictipes and pallescens groups, more related to each other than they are to the prolixus group. Moreover, comparing mitochondrial and nuclear tree topologies, our results demonstrated that various introgression events occurred in all the three Rhodnius groups, in laboratory strains but also in wild specimens. We demonstrated that introgressions occurred frequently in the prolixus group, involving the related species of the robustus complex but also the pairwise R. nasutus and R. neglectus. A genome wide analysis highlighted an introgression event in the pictipes group between R. stali and R. brethesi and suggested a complex gene flow between the three species of the pallescens group, R. colombiensis, R. pallescens and R. ecuadoriensis. The molecular data supports also a sylvatic distribution of R. prolixus in Brazil (Pará state) and the monophyly of R. robustus. As we detected extensive introgression events and selective pressure on mitochondrial genes, we strongly recommend performing separate mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies and to take advantages of mito-nuclear conflicts in order to have a comprehensive evolutionary vision of this genus.
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de Paiva VF, Belintani T, de Oliveira J, Galvão C, da Rosa JA. A review of the taxonomy and biology of Triatominae subspecies (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:499-512. [PMID: 34984541 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to its public health importance, as vectors of Chagas disease, the subfamily Triatominae, has received the attention of taxonomists. Knowing how to correctly identify these insects is of paramount importance for the surveillance and control of these vectors. Over many years, more than 40 triatomine subspecies were proposed. Infraspecific taxa are accepted as real entities in nature and recognized as biologically significant. Infraspecific diversity and population subdivision are frequently confused with the underlying mechanisms that lead to the formation of new species and species-level diversity. The distinction between infraspecific and interspecific divergence processes has received far less attention than species delimitation. In this work, new literature data on subspecies included in the subfamily Triatominae are presented. Data were compiled about Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma breyeri, Triatoma circummaculata, Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma incrassata, Triatoma infestans, Triatoma phyllosoma, Triatoma protracta, Triatoma recurva, Triatoma rubida, Triatoma sanguisuga, Triatoma vitticeps, Panstrongylus megistus, Paratriatoma hirsuta, and Paratriatoma lecticularia subspecies. Although several of these subspecies have been synonymized, herein, we emphasize that some subspecies may be valid. Therefore, further studies are needed on the taxonomy, evolution, phylogeny, biogeography, ecology, physiology, and behavior of species to reinforce, or to invalidate the infraspecific status in the subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Paiva
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Belintani
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia Em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional E Internacional de Referência Em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Justi SA, Dale C. Designation of the neotype of Triatomadimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), with full integrated redescription including mitogenome and nuclear ITS-2 sequences. Zookeys 2022; 1076:9-24. [PMID: 34975271 PMCID: PMC8674215 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1076.72835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic status of Triatomadimidiata (Latreille, 1811) is, by far, the most discussed within Triatominae. Molecular studies have recovered at least three independently evolving lineages in T.dimidiata across its range. The original description of T.dimidiata (as Reduviusdimidiatus) included few taxonomic characters, and no types were assigned. To define and describe the cryptic diversity within T.dimidiata sensu lato (s.l.), a neotype must be designated. For this purpose, all 199 specimens identified as T.dimidiata from the collections of the Smithsonian Institution – National Museum of Natural History and the American Museum of Natural History, ranging from Peru to Mexico, were studied. Only one specimen (from Tumbes, Peru) matched the combination of characters as listed in the original description, and it is herein formally designated as the neotype for T.dimidiata. The neotype is morphologically described and DNA sequences of its whole mitochondrial genome and the nuclear second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), commonly used in triatomine molecular systematics studies, are presented and compared to other publicly available sequences of T.dimidiata s.l. in GenBank. Our results suggest that T.dimidiata sensu stricto (s.s.) is somewhat rare and, therefore, unlikely to serve as a major vector of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andrade Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USA Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center Suitland United States of America.,Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring United States of America.,Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Washington United States of America
| | - Carolina Dale
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, da Silva Rocha D, Galvão C. Trends in Taxonomy of Chagas Disease Vectors (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): From Linnaean to Integrative Taxonomy. Pathogens 2021; 10:1627. [PMID: 34959582 PMCID: PMC8706908 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted mainly by members of the subfamily Triatominae. There are currently 157 species, grouped into 18 genera and five tribes. Most descriptions of triatomine species are based on classical taxonomy. Facing evolutionary (cryptic speciation and phenotypic plasticity) and taxonomic (more than 190 synonymizations) problems, it is evident that integrative taxonomy studies are an important and necessary trend for this group of vectors. Almost two-and-a-half centuries after the description of the first species, we present for the first time the state-of-the-art taxonomy of the whole subfamily, covering from the initial classic studies to the use of integrative taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (K.C.C.A.); (J.d.O.)
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (K.C.C.A.); (J.d.O.)
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Dayse da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Sala 505, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
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Revisiting the Hybridization Processes in the Triatoma brasiliensis Complex (Hemiptera, Triatominae): Reproductive Isolation between Triatoma petrocchiae and T. b. brasiliensis and T. lenti. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12111015. [PMID: 34821815 PMCID: PMC8621033 DOI: 10.3390/insects12111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Although all triatomines are potential vectors of Chagas disease, there are species with greater or lesser vectorial importance. Therefore, the correct identification of triatomine species is essential for vector control programs. In general, triatomines are identified by external morphological characters. However, some species are very similar or even morphologically identical, making the use of complementary analyses for the correct identification of species important. For this reason, this study focused on the use of experimental crosses to assess the specific status of species of the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex. The crosses did not result in hybrids, demonstrating that there are pre-zygotic reproductive barriers installed between T. petrocchiae and the other species of the T. brasiliensis complex (which confirms the specific status of the species according to the biological species concept). On the basis of the results above, we demonstrated that T. petrocchiae is reproductively isolated from T. b. brasiliensis and T. lenti. Furthermore, we suggest that T. petrocchiae is the species most derived from the T. brasiliensis complex. Abstract Triatoma petrocchiae is a species morphologically similar to T. b. brasiliensis (which resulted in a synonymization event); despite this similarity, genetic, morphological, and experimental crossbreeding studies confirmed the specific status of T. petrocchiae. Considering that both species have been reported living in sympatry and that, for a long time, most species of the T. brasiliensis complex were considered only chromatic variants of T. b. brasiliensis, we carried out experimental crosses between T. b. brasiliensis and T. petrocchiae (to confirm whether these species are reproductively isolated) and between T. lenti and T. petrocchiae (to assess whether T. petrocchiae also presents prezygotic isolation with the other species of the T. brasiliensis complex). Reciprocal experimental crosses were conducted, and weekly, the eggs were collected, counted, and separated in new containers to assess the hatch rate. Neither cross resulted in hybrids, demonstrating that there are pre-zygotic reproductive barriers installed between T. petrocchiae and the other species of the T. brasiliensis complex. On the basis of the results above, we demonstrated that T. petrocchiae is reproductively isolated from T. b. brasiliensis and T. lenti. Furthermore, we suggest that T. petrocchiae is the species most derived from the T. brasiliensis complex.
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Madeira FF, Delgado LMG, Bittinelli IDF, de Oliveira J, Ravazi A, Dos Reis YV, de Oliveira ABB, Cristal DC, Galvão C, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Alevi KCC. Triatoma sordida (Hemiptera, Triatominae) from La Paz, Bolivia: an incipient species or an intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism? Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:553. [PMID: 34706767 PMCID: PMC8555079 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatoma sordida is one of the main Chagas disease vectors in Brazil. In addition to Brazil, this species has already been reported in Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is hypothesized that the insects currently identified as T. sordida are a species subcomplex formed by three cytotypes (T. sordida sensu stricto [s.s.], T. sordida La Paz, and T. sordida Argentina). With the recent description of T. rosai from the Argentinean specimens, it became necessary to assess the taxonomic status of T. sordida from La Paz, Bolivia, since it was suggested that it may represent a new species, which has taxonomic, evolutionary, and epidemiological implications. Based on the above, we carried out molecular and experimental crossover studies to assess the specific status of T. sordida La Paz. Methods To evaluate the pre- and postzygotic barriers between T. sordida La Paz and T. sordida s.s., experimental crosses and intercrosses between F1 hybrids and between F2 hybrids were conducted. In addition, cytogenetic analyses of the F1 and F2 hybrids were applied with an emphasis on the degree of pairing between the homeologous chromosomes, and morphological analyses of the male gonads were performed to evaluate the presence of gonadal dysgenesis. Lastly, the genetic distance between T. sordida La Paz and T. sordida s.s. was calculated for the CYTB, ND1, and ITS1 genes. Results Regardless of the gene used, T. sordida La Paz showed low genetic distance compared to T. sordida s.s. (below 2%). Experimental crosses resulted in offspring for both directions, demonstrating that there are no prezygotic barriers installed between these allopatric populations. Furthermore, postzygotic barriers were not observed either (since the F1 × F1 and F2 × F2 intercrosses resulted in viable offspring). Morphological and cytogenetic analyses of the male gonads of the F1 and F2 offspring demonstrated that the testes were not atrophied and did not show chromosome pairing errors. Conclusion Based on the low genetic distance (which configures intraspecific variation), associated with the absence of prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers, we confirm that T. sordida La Paz represents only a chromosomal polymorphism of T. sordida s.s. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brasil
| | - Luiza Maria Grzyb Delgado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brasil
| | - Isadora de Freitas Bittinelli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brasil.,Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brasil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brasil
| | - Daniel Cesaretto Cristal
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brasil.
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brasil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brasil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brasil.,Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brasil
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Pinotti H, de Oliveira J, Ravazi A, Madeira FF, dos Reis YV, de Oliveira ABB, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Alevi KCC. Revisiting the hybridization processes in the Triatoma brasiliensis complex (Hemiptera, Triatominae): Interspecific genomic compatibility point to a possible recent diversification of the species grouped in this monophyletic complex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257992. [PMID: 34653197 PMCID: PMC8519420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines are hematophagous insects of great epidemiological importance, since they are vectors of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis complex is a monophyletic group formed by two subspecies and six species: T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelasoma, T. bahiensis, T. juazeirensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae and T. sherlocki. The specific status of several species grouped in the T. brasiliensis complex was confirmed from experimental crossing and analysis of reproductive barriers. Thus, we perform interspecific experimental crosses between T. lenti and other species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex and perform morphological analysis of the gonads and cytogenetic analysis in the homeologous chromosomes of the hybrids of first generation (F1). Besides that, we rescue all the literature data associated with the study of reproductive barriers in this monophyletic complex of species and subspecies. For all crosses performed between T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis and T. melanica with T. lenti, interspecific copulas occurred (showing absence of mechanical isolation), hybrids were obtained, none of the male hybrids presented the phenomenon of gonadal dysgenesis and 100% pairing between the chromosomes homeologous of the hybrids was observed. Thus, we demonstrate that there are no pre-zygotic reproductive barriers installed between T. lenti and the species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex. In addition, we demonstrate that the hybrids obtained between these crosses have high genomic compatibility and the absence of gonadal dysgenesis. These results point to reproductive compatibility between T. lenti and species and subspecies of the T. brasiliensis complex (confirming its inclusion in the complex) and lead us to suggest a possible recent diversification of the taxa of this monophyletic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Pinotti
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Yago Visinho dos Reis
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Olaia N, Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, Cacini GL, Souza EDS, Pinotti H, da Silva LA, da Rosa JA. Biology of Chagas disease vectors: biological cycle and emergence rates of Rhodnius marabaensis Souza et al., 2016 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) under laboratory conditions. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2939-2945. [PMID: 34185156 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Latin America, Chagas disease has been mostly transmitted to humans by contact with the feces or urine of triatomine species infected with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. There are currently 156 species in the subfamily Triatominae, distributed in 18 genera and five tribes. The prolixus group of the genus Rhodnius is composed of 11 species. Rhodnius marabaensis was the last species described and considered in this grouping of vectors. Knowledge about the biology, ecology, and behavior of these vectors is of great epidemiological importance, and in order to expand the knowledge of the biology of R. marabaensis, this paper describes the biological cycle and emergence rates of the species under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 15.5 to 29 °C (average of 24 °C) and humidity ranging from 51.4 to 72.2 (average of 63). For each of the fifteen couples, the egg emergence rate was calculated throughout the oviposition period. The oviposition period lasted from February to September, and the emergence rate varied between 13.9 and 53.3%. R. marabaensis presented an emergence rate of 46.7% and a total biological cycle of 193 days (the mean time required for emergence (25.1 days), 1st nymphal instar (19.4 days), 2nd nymphal instar (22.1 days), 3rd nymphal instar (26.2 days), 4th nymphal instar (29.3 days), and 5th nymphal instar (70.9 days)). Based on the biological cycle of R. marabaensis and 14 other Rhodnius species already described in the literature, it was also possible to calculate the averages for the groups prolixus, pictipes, and pallescens and, mainly, for the genus Rhodnius, contributing to the knowledge of this important group of Chagas disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Olaia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.,Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 715 Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Lázari Cacini
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eder Dos Santos Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Pinotti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Abrantes da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
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Cesaretto NR, de Oliveira J, Ravazi A, Madeira FF, Dos Reis YV, de Oliveira ABB, Vicente RD, Cristal DC, Galvão C, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA, Alevi KCC. Trends in taxonomy of Triatomini (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): reproductive compatibility reinforces the synonymization of Meccus Stål, 1859 with Triatoma Laporte, 1832. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:340. [PMID: 34174967 PMCID: PMC8235253 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meccus' taxonomy has been quite complex since the first species of this genus was described by Burmeister in 1835 as Conorhinus phyllosoma. In 1859 the species was transferred to the genus Meccus and in 1930 to Triatoma. However, in the twentieth century, the Meccus genus was revalidated (alteration corroborated by molecular studies) and, in the twenty-first century, through a comprehensive study including more sophisticated phylogenetic reconstruction methods, Meccus was again synonymous with Triatoma. Events of natural hybridization with production of fertile offspring have already been reported among sympatric species of the T. phyllosoma subcomplex, and experimental crosses demonstrated reproductive viability among practically all species of the T. phyllosoma subcomplex that were considered as belonging to the genus Meccus, as well as between these species and species of Triatoma. Based on the above, we carried out experimental crosses between T. longipennis (considered M. longipennis in some literature) and T. mopan (always considered as belonging to Triatoma) to evaluate the reproductive compatibility between species of the T. phyllosoma complex. In addition, we have grouped our results with information from the literature regarding crosses between species that were grouped in the genus Meccus with Triatoma, in order to discuss the importance of experimental crosses to confirm the generic reorganization of species. RESULTS The crosses between T. mopan female and T. longipennis male resulted in viable offspring. The hatching of hybrids, even if only in one direction and/or at low frequency, demonstrates reproductive compatibility and homeology between the genomes of the parents. CONCLUSION Considering that intergeneric crosses usually do not result in viable offspring in Triatominae, the reproductive compatibility observed between the T. phyllosoma subcomplex species considered in the Meccus genus with species of the Triatoma genus shows that there is "intergeneric" genomic compatibility, which corroborates the generic reorganization of Meccus in Triatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Regina Cesaretto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 , São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 , São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Dezan Vicente
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cesaretto Cristal
- Laboratório de Parasitologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) , Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, sala 505, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas , Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 , São José Do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências , Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior , Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia , Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
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Characterization of Female External Genitalia and Eggs of Four South American Species of the Triatoma Laporte, 1832 Genus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060537. [PMID: 34200545 PMCID: PMC8229054 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We present a morphological and morphometric study with T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and T. sordida sensu stricto species within the Triatoma genus. This group of species is important for the eco-epidemic scenario of Chagas disease in the Americas; their species have morphological, biological, and behavioral similarities that make diagnosis difficult. For the first time, the description of the female external genitalia by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a character that has helped with the delimitation of species and genera in Triatominae, is published, in addition to presenting an extensive study with eggs, covering morphology and morphometry. The study with eggs is an important tool in taxonomic studies of the subfamily. In addition to taxonomic contributions, it was possible through the descriptions to corroborate the validity of T. garciabesi and confirm the current classification of these species. Abstract Triatoma is the most diversified and one of the most important genera from an epidemiological perspective. Given the difficulty in identifying some species of the Triatoma genus, morphological, histological, and morphometric studies were performed to provide new characters that make it possible to differentiate T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and T. sordida sensu stricto, triatomines that overlap geographically and have vector potential. Through the external female genitalia, as well as morphology, morphometry, and histology of eggshells, it was possible to discriminate the four species. In addition, this study reinforces the taxonomic validity of T. garciabesi and provides new data for discussion on systematic issues of T. guasayana and T. patagonica.
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de Paiva VF, de Oliveira J, Galvão C, Justi SA, Landa JMA, da Rosa JA. Formal Assignation of the Kissing Bug Triatoma lecticularia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) to the Genus Paratriatoma. INSECTS 2021; 12:538. [PMID: 34200543 PMCID: PMC8227924 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) comprises hematophagous insects that are vectors of Chagas disease; including species assigned to the genera Triatoma and Paratriatoma. Initial examination of Triatoma lecticularia revealed the hirsuteness covering the entire body-a characteristic and striking feature of members of the genus Paratriatoma-and a systematic study revealed several other morphological characters that are in diagnostic alignment with Paratriatoma. Based on the examination of several specimens (including the lectotype), and with the additional support of molecular and cytogenetic data, we propose the formal transferal of Triatoma lecticularia (Stål, 1859) into the genus Paratriatoma with the resulting new combination: Paratriatoma lecticularia (Stål, 1859) comb. nov. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Fernandes de Paiva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia Andrade Justi
- The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA;
- Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | | | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil;
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Costa J, Dale C, Galvão C, Almeida CE, Dujardin JP. Do the new triatomine species pose new challenges or strategies for monitoring Chagas disease? An overview from 1979-2021. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210015. [PMID: 34076075 PMCID: PMC8186471 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease persists as one of the most important, and yet most neglected, diseases in the world, and several changes in its epidemiological aspects have been recorded since its discovery. Currently, some of the most relevant changes are related to: (i) the reduction in the incidence of the endemic due to the control of the most important vectors, Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, in many countries; (ii) the migration of human populations spreading cases of the disease throughout the world, from endemic to non-endemic areas, transforming Chagas disease into a global threat; and (iii) new acute cases and deaths caused by oral transmission, especially in the north of Brazil. Despite the reduction in the number of cases, new challenges need to be responded to, including monitoring and control activities aiming to prevent house infestation by the secondary vectors from occurring. In 1979, Lent & Wygodzinsky(1) published the most complete review of the subfamily Triatominae, encompassing 111 recognised species in the taxon. Forty-two years later, 46 new species and one subspecies have been described or revalidated. Here we summarise the new species and contextualise them regarding their ecology, epidemiologic importance, and the obstacles they pose to the control of Chagas disease around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dale
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Pinotti H, Alevi KCC, de Oliveira J, Ravazi A, Madeira FF, Dos Reis YV, de Oliveira ABB, de Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, da Rosa JA. Segregation of phenotypic characteristics in hybrids of Triatoma brasiliensis species complex (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 91:104798. [PMID: 33676012 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are currently 156 species, grouped into 18 genera and five tribes included in the subfamily Triatominae. All of them are potential vectors of Chagas disease. Triatoma is paraphyletic and the species of this genus have been grouped into complexes and subcomplexes. Triatoma brasiliensis complex is a monophyletic group composed of eight taxa: T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelanosoma, T. juazeirensis, T. sherlocki, T. petrocchiae, T. lenti, T. bahiensis, T. melanica. Experimental crosses have helped in systematic, taxonomic and evolutionary issues of these vectors. Based on this, we carried out experimental crosses between T. lenti and four other species of the T. brasiliensis complex and analyzed the segregation pattern of phenotypic characteristics of T. lenti, T. b. brasiliensis, T. b. macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis and T. melanica in the hybrids. The hybrids resulting from the crosses between T. b. brasiliensis ♀ x T. lenti ♂, T. juazeirensis ♀ x T. lenti ♂, and T. melanica ♀ x T. lenti ♂ showed segregation of characteristics of both parental species. On the other hand, the hybrids between T. lenti ♀ x T. juazeirensis ♂, T. b. macromelasoma ♀ x T. lenti ♂, and T. lenti ♀ x T. melanica ♂ showed a specific pattern of T. lenti, T. lenti and T. melanica, respectively. Thus, the pattern of segregation of morphological characteristics between species of the T. brasiliensis complex was characterized. These results highlight the importance of integrative taxonomy for the correct identification of Chagas disease vectors grouped in the T. brasiliensis complex if natural hybridization events occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Pinotti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Bortolozo de Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Letras e Ciências Exatas, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
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Vivas RJ, García JE, Guhl F, Hernández C, Velásquez N, Ramírez JD, Carranza JC, Vallejo GA. Systematic review on the biology, ecology, genetic diversity and parasite transmission potential of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille 1811) in Latin America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200528. [PMID: 33656141 PMCID: PMC7919531 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) is the triatomine with the largest geographic distribution in Latin America. It has been reported in 18 countries from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, including the Caribbean islands. Although most reports indicate that P. geniculatus has wild habitats, this species has intrusive habits regarding human dwellings mainly located in intermediate deforested areas. It is attracted by artificial light from urban and rural buildings, raising the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite the wide body of published information on P. geniculatus, many knowledge gaps exist about its biology and epidemiological potential. For this reason, we analysed the literature for P. geniculatus in Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and the BibTriv3.0 databases to update existing knowledge and provide better information on its geographic distribution, life cycle, genetic diversity, evidence of intrusion and domiciliation, vector-related circulating discrete taxonomic units, possible role in oral T. cruzi transmission, and the effect of climate change on its biology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo José Vivas
- Universidad del Tolima, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique García
- Universidad de Ibagué, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velásquez
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio César Carranza
- Universidad del Tolima, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
- Universidad del Tolima, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Ibagué, Colombia
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Cruz DD, Denis D, Arellano E, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN. Quantitative imagery analysis of spot patterns for the three-haplogroup classification of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), an important vector of Chagas disease. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 33514419 PMCID: PMC7847135 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spots and coloring patterns evaluated quantitatively can be used to discriminate and identify possible cryptic species. Species included in the Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) complex are major disease vectors of Chagas disease. Phylogenetic studies have defined three haplogroups for Mexico and part of Central America. We report here our evaluation of the possibility of correctly discriminating these three T. dimidiata haplogroups using the pattern of the dorsal spots. Methods Digital images of the dorsal region of individuals from the three haplogroups were used. Image processing was used to extract primary and secondary variables characterizing the dorsal spot pattern. Statistical analysis of the variables included descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and a neural classification network. Results A distinctive spot pattern was found for each haplogroup. The most differentiated pattern was presented by haplogroup 2, which was characterized by its notably larger central spots. Haplogroups 1 and 3 were more similar to each other, but there were consistent differences in the shape and orientation of the spots. Significant differences were found among haplogroups in almost all of the variables analyzed, with the largest differences seen for relative spot area, mean relative area of central spots, central spots Feret diameter and lateral spots Feret diameter and aspect ratio. Both the DFA and the neural network had correct discrimination values of > 90%. Conclusions Based on the results of this analysis, we conclude that the spot pattern can be reliably used to discriminate among the three haplogroups of T. dimidiata in Mexico, and possibly among triatomine species. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl D Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Dennis Denis
- Departamento de Biología Animal y Humana, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Elizabeth Arellano
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Unidad Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Ravazi A, Olaia N, de Oliveira J, Santos Souza ED, Aristeu da Rosa J, Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira MT, Chaboli Alevi KC. Revisiting the Chromosomal Diversification of the Genus Rhodnius (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Triatominae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:656-658. [PMID: 33399046 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all triatomines are considered as potential vectors of the Chagas disease, the Triatoma, Panstrongylus, and Rhodnius genera are the most important from the epidemiological point of view. Based on cytogenetic analyzes carried out so far (C banding and FISH), the species of the genus Rhodnius show little interspecific chromosomal variation. Thus, we analyzed the distribution of AT- and CG-rich DNA in the chromatin and chromosomes of the genus Rhodnius and discuss the chromosome evolution of these vectors. Except for Rhodnius domesticus, Rhodnius nasutus, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius colombiensis, and Rhodnius pallescens, all Rhodnius species have euchromatic autosomes with the absence of AT- and CG-rich blocks. Curiously, the same species that have heterochromatin blocks in the autosomes also have CMA3 + blocks dispersed in the prophasic nucleus (demonstrating that the heterochromatin of these species is rich in CG). Thus, we characterize the AT- and CG-rich DNA pattern for the genus Rhodnius, and we suggest that the pattern of CG-rich heterochromatin in the autosomes of these vectors evolved independently in pallescens, pictipes, and prolixus groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ravazi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBB/UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Nicoly Olaia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Eder Dos Santos Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBB/UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Pita S, Gómez-Palacio A, Lorite P, Dujardin JP, Chavez T, Villacís AG, Galvão C, Panzera Y, Calleros L, Pereyra-Mello S, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Panzera F. Multidisciplinary approach detects speciation within the kissing bug Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus populations (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210259. [PMID: 35137904 PMCID: PMC8815762 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) is a triatomine species with a wide geographic distribution and a broad phenotypic variability. In some countries, this species is found infesting and colonising domiciliary ecotopes representing an epidemiological risk factor as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. In spite of this, little is known about P. rufotuberculatus genetic diversity. METHODS Cytogenetic studies and DNA sequence analyses of one nuclear (ITS-2) and two mitochondrial DNA sequences (cyt b and coI) were carried out in P. rufotuberculatus individuals collected in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. Moreover, a geometric morphometrics study was applied to Bolivian, Colombian, Ecuadorian and French Guiana samples. OBJECTIVES To explore the genetic and phenetic diversity of P. rufotuberculatus from different countries, combining chromosomal studies, DNA sequence analyses and geometric morphometric comparisons. FINDINGS We found two chromosomal groups differentiated by the number of X chromosomes and the chromosomal position of the ribosomal DNA clusters. In concordance, two main morphometric profiles were detected, clearly separating the Bolivian sample from the other ones. Phylogenetic DNA analyses showed that both chromosomal groups were closely related to each other and clearly separated from the remaining Panstrongylus species. High nucleotide divergence of cyt b and coI fragments were observed among P. rufotuberculatus samples from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico (Kimura 2-parameter distances higher than 9%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal and molecular analyses supported that the two chromosomal groups could represent different closely related species. We propose that Bolivian individuals constitute a new Panstrongylus species, being necessary a detailed morphological study for its formal description. The clear morphometric discrimination based on the wing venation pattern suggests such morphological description might be conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tamara Chavez
- Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud, Bolivia
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Vendrami DP, Ceretti-Junior W, Obara MT, Mendonça VJ, Fonseca EOL, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Marrelli MT, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Phenotypic and genetic variation of Triatoma costalimai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 54:e00282020. [PMID: 33338103 PMCID: PMC7747808 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0028-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to study intraspecific variation in Triatoma costalimai, a potential vector of Chagas disease present in Brazil and Bolivia. METHODS: We analyzed phenotypic (connexivum color patterns, wing morphometrics) and genetic variation (16S mtDNA) of three Brazilian T. costalimai populations. We compared 16S sequences with those of putative Bolivian T. costalimai and its sister species, T. jatai. RESULTS: Brazilian populations had different connexivum color patterns and forewing shapes. A 16S mtDNA haplotype network showed a clear separation of Brazilian T. costalimai from both T. jatai and Bolivian T. costalimai. CONCLUSIONS: We report considerable variability in T. costalimai populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pagotto Vendrami
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Walter Ceretti-Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Belintani T, Oliveira J, Pinotti H, Silva LA, Alevi KCC, Galvão C, Rosa JAD. Phylogenetic and phenotypic relationships of the Triatoma sordida subcomplex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Acta Trop 2020; 212:105679. [PMID: 32860747 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, whose etiological agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people worldwide and it is mainly transmitted by infected triatomine feces. Triatoma is the most diverse genus and one of the most important from an epidemiological point of view. Species of this genus are grouped into eight complexes and nine subcomplexes. Triatoma sordida subcomplex consists of T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and, T. sordida. Given the recent discussions on their phylogenetic status, this study aims to evaluate morphometric and genetics characters that group and distinguish T. garciabesi, T. guasayana, T. patagonica, and T. sordida, as well as to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the group and evaluate the proximity with T. rubrovaria subcomplex. The results corroborate the phylogenetic relationship of T. guasayana and T. patagonica with the T. rubrovaria subcomplex. Molecular data confirm the proximity of T. jurbergi, T. matogrossensis, T. vandae as T. garciabesi, and T. sordida. Together, genetic variability was shown between T. sordida populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Belintani
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Block O, Bertrand Russel Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil..
| | - Jader Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Pinotti
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Abrantes Silva
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (Unicamp), Block O, Bertrand Russel Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-865, Brazil.; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Highway, km 1, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
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Santillán-Guayasamín S, Barnabé C, Magallón-Gastelum E, Waleckx E, Yumiseva CA, Grijalva MJ, Villacís AG, Brenière SF. Molecular data supports monophyly of Triatoma dispar complex within genus Triatoma. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teves SC, Gonçalves TCM, de Freitas SPC, Lopes CM, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Dos Santos-Mallet JR. External female genitalia of Triatoma jatai, Triatoma costalimai and Triatoma williami (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:538. [PMID: 33121526 PMCID: PMC7597029 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taxonomic identification of triatomines is generally performed based on aspects of their external morphology. However, the use of a multidisciplinary approach, considering morphological aspects of the external genitalia, morphometry, genetics, and phylogeography has been suggested, especially for similar and/or cryptic species. The rupestral species Triatoma jatai Gonçalves et al., 2013, Triatoma costalimai Verano & Galvão, 1959 and Triatoma williami Galvão et al., 1965, which are morphologically similar, have been found naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) in wild, peridomestic, and intradomestic environments, representing a risk of new outbreaks of Chagas disease. This study presents morphological description complementation of these species, with an emphasis on the structures of the female external genitalia, using scanning electron microscopy. Methods The females of T. jatai and T. costalimai (n = 10 of each) were captured in the Brazilian municipalities of Paranã and Aurora do Tocantins and were identified with the use of a dichotomous key for the Matogrossensis subcomplex. Females of T. williami (n = 5), were obtained from a laboratory colony. The females were cut transversely at the sixth abdominal segment and examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Institute Electronic Microscopy Platform. Results It was possible to differentiate the three species based on the characteristics of urotergites VII, VIII and IX and urosternite VII, as well as the genital plaques, gonocoxites, and gonapophyses. To our knowledge, morphological differences in the spines present on gonapophysis 8 in triatomines are described here for the first time. Conclusions The results show that external genitalia of females are useful structures to differentiate T. costalimai, T. jatai and T. williami. SEM analysis contributes to and corroborates, together with other tools morphological and molecular, the distinction of the three species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caldas Teves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Catarina Macedo Lopes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Aguilera-Uribe M, Meza-Lázaro RN, Kieran TJ, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Zaldívar-Riverón A. Phylogeny of the North-Central American clade of blood-sucking reduviid bugs of the tribe Triatomini (Hemiptera: Triatominae) based on the mitochondrial genome. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Identifying Chagas disease vectors using elliptic Fourier descriptors of body contour: a case for the cryptic dimidiata complex. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:332. [PMID: 32611375 PMCID: PMC7329423 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) is an important vector of Chagas disease in various countries in the Americas. Phylogenetic studies have defined three lineages in Mexico and part of Central America. While there is a marked genetic differentiation, methods for identifying them using morphometric analyses with landmarks have not yet been fully resolutive. Elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs), which mathematically describe the shape of any closed two-dimensional contours, could be a potentially useful alternative method. Our objective was to validate the use of EFDs for the identification of three lineages of this species complex. METHOD A total of 84 dorsal view images of individuals of the three lineages were used. Body contours were described with EFDs using between 5 and 30 harmonics. The number of obtained coefficients was reduced by a principal components analysis and the first axis scores were used as shape variables. A linear discriminant function analysis and an ordination plot of the discriminant analysis were performed using the shape variables. A confusion matrix of the ordination plot of the discriminant analysis was obtained to estimate the classification errors, the first five PC scores were statistically compared, and a neural network were then performed using the shape variables. RESULTS The first principal component explained 50% of the variability, regardless the number of harmonics used. The results of discriminant analysis get improved by increasing the number of harmonics and components considered. With 25 harmonics and 30 components, the identification of haplogroups was achieved with an overall efficiency greater than 97%. The ordering diagram showed the correct discrimination of haplogroups, with only one error of discrimination corroborated by the confusion matrix. When comparing the first five PC scores, significant differences were found among at least two haplogroups. The 30 multilayer perceptron neural networks were also efficient in identification, reaching 91% efficiency with the validation data. CONCLUSIONS The use of EFD is a simple and useful method for the identification of the main lineages of Triatoma dimidiata, with high values of correct identification.
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Salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns enabled differentiating Colombian Rhodnius Trans-Andean and Cis-Andean groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:404-411. [PMID: 32673466 PMCID: PMC7505504 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species are made up of haematophagous insect vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease aetiological agent) and T. rangeli, an infective parasite that is not pathogenic for vertebrate hosts. The study of their salivary protein diversity enables the obtention of characteristic one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of some triatomine species; however, few reports have dealt with Rhodnius species salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns.
Objective: To compare R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus’ salivary proteins one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles.
Materials and methods: SDS-PAGE was used for obtaining electrophoretic profiles of saliva from the species under study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used for constructing a phenogram.
Results: Electrophoretic profiles of soluble saliva had protein bands ranging from 15 to 45 kDa, thereby enabling the five species studied to be differentiated. The phenogram revealed two main groups, one formed by the Pictipes and Prolixus cis-Andean groups and another consisting of the Pallescens trans-Andean group.
Conclusion: Differences were revealed regarding R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus electrophoretic profiles of salivary proteins; their variability facilitated constructing a phenogram which was taxonomically congruent with the groups from the genus Rhodnius.
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de Oliveira J, Chaboli Alevi KC, Almeida CE, Mendonça VJ, Costa J, da Rosa JA. Triatoma brasiliensis species complex: characterization of the external female genitalia. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:57-68. [PMID: 32492272 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Triatoma brasiliensis complex is composed of six species (Triatoma bahiensis, T. juazerensis, T. lenti, T. melanica, T. petrocchiae, and T. sherlocki) and two subspecies (T. brasiliensis brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma). Phylogenetic studies have shown that it is a monophyletic group, but the morphological relationships among the members can be better understood. We applied a tool of high resolution based on morphology to identify details that characterize the female genitals for each member of this group. The external genital structures of five to fifteen females of each taxon were analyzed. Insects had their abdomen transversely cut to separate the last abdominal segments, and representative illustrations obtained via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are shown. Observations were performed in the dorsal and the ventral views. The morphological characterization of female external genitalia allowed a differentiation of each species/subspecies. The subspecies T. b. brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma were the most similar. On the other hand, dorsal view of structures evidenced some unique characteristics for T. petrocchiae and T. sherlocki. Regarding these structures for T. petrocchiae, the differentiation was in accordance with molecular studies, since this species exhibits the highest genetic distances in relation to other species of T. brasiliensis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jane Costa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Brasil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Prezygotic isolation confirms the exclusion of Triatoma melanocephala, T. vitticeps and T. tibiamaculata of the T. brasiliensis subcomplex (Hemiptera, Triatominae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 79:104149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shi Y, Wei Y, Feng X, Liu J, Jiang Z, Ou F, Wei H, Lv G, Wan X, Wang Z, Yang Y. Distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of Triatoma rubrofasciata, the vector of Chagas disease in Guangxi, China. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:33. [PMID: 31959216 PMCID: PMC6972020 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomines are natural vectors of Chagas disease and are mainly prevalent in the Americas. In China, previous data from decades ago showed that there were two species of triatomine bugs, Triatoma rubrofasciata and T. sinica. However, the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of triatomines in China are still relatively unknown. In order to gain knowledge on the distribution, genetic characteristics and public health implications of the triatomines in Guangxi, China, an entomological-epidemiological study and genetic research was conducted. Methods Different methods were used to elucidate the distribution of triatomines in Guangxi including consultations with county-level Center for Disease Prevention and Control staff and village doctors, the distribution of educational material on triatomines though the internet and social media apps such as Wechat and QQ, and conducting manual inspections and light trapping to collect triatomines. The morphological characteristics of the collected triatomines were identified under light microscopy. The mitochondrial 16S rRNA, cytochrome b (cytb) genes and nuclear 28S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced and used in phylogenetic analyses. Results A total of 305 triatomines were captured from 54 different sites in 13 cities in Guangxi. All collected bugs were identified as T. rubrofasciata based on morphology. Most triatomine collection sites were around or inside houses. Four triatomines bite cases were observed during the investigation indicating that triatomine bites are common, the bites can cause serious anaphylaxis and skin papules and urticaria, suggesting a systemic skin response. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from Guangxi and other countries showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions exhibit a high similarity, with no geographical differences. The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA and cytb genes showed that T. rubrofasciata sequences from different regions and continents were in the same cluster, indicating no differentiation among different geographical populations. Conclusions Our study showed that T. rubrofasciata is widely distributed in Guangxi and that people are commonly bitten by this insect in some regions. This highlights the need to enhance surveillance for and control of T. rubrofasciata and to strengthen the monitoring of imported Trypanosoma cruzi in China. The 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytb sequence analyses of T. rubrofasciata from different regions and continents suggested that T. rubrofasciata populations exhibit high similarity, and the clustering in the phylogenetic analyses indicates that T. rubrofasciata has a close ancestor originating in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Shi
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Yaobao Wei
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xiangyang Feng
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Fangqi Ou
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Guoli Lv
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Xiaoling Wan
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yichao Yang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530028, China.
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Madeira FF, Reis YVD, Bittinelli IDF, Delgado LMG, Oliveira JD, Mendonça VJ, Moreira FFF, Azeredo-Oliveira MTVD, Rosa JAD, Alevi KCC. Genetic Structure of Brazilian Populations of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) by Means of Chromosomal Markers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:907-910. [PMID: 30793692 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatoma sordida is among the main Brazilian species considered as Chagas disease vectors. The genetic studies are directed mainly to phylogenetic questions because this species possibly have suffered cryptic speciation. Furthermore, there are few studies that analyzed the structure and genetic variability of specimens from Brazil and that showed low genetic diversity and strong genetic structuring of the population samples. Therefore, because of great epidemiological importance of T. sordida and mainly the restriction of genetic characterization of this vector only for populations of Minas Gerais state, this article performs a genetic analysis of the T. sordida from seven different Brazilian states (representing different biomes), by means of cytogenetic markers. All analyzed specimens presents the same cytogenetic characteristics: early meiotic prophase with several heterochromatic bodies dispersed in the nucleus (CG-rich), being one of them formed by the associated sex chromosomes surrounded by some autosomal heterochromatic regions, meiotic metaphase with most autosomal pairs exhibiting a C-heterochromatic block in one chromosomal end (CG-rich), Y sex chromosome fully heterochromatin (AT-rich), and X chromosome may present a small C-block (CG-rich). These results are important because the chromosomal markers enable to confirm and expand the low genetic diversity for all Brazilian states occupied by T. sordida, suggesting that all Brazilian populations were originated from a small ancestral population and possibly dispersed to other biomes by founder effect. In addition, we suggest that T. sordida from Brazil are not suffering cryptic speciation and we confirm the classification of all Brazilian examples as T. sordida sensu stricto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandez Madeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Yago Visinho Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Freitas Bittinelli
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiza Maria Grzyb Delgado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Jader de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - João Aristeu da Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCFAR/UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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dos Santos Souza É, Fernandes RP, Guedes WN, dos Santos FN, Eberlin MN, Lopes NP, Padovani VD, da Rosa JA. Rhodnius spp. are differentiated based on the peptide/protein profile by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and chemometric tools. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1431-1439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Molecular cytotaxonomy of the Triatoma brasiliensis species subcomplex (Hemiptera, Triatominae). Acta Trop 2020; 201:105225. [PMID: 31654646 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Triatoma genus is paraphyletic, and its species are grouped into complexes and subcomplexes. Given the fact that species that make up a given subcomplex generally share chromosomal traits, we analyzed the distribution of AT- and CG-rich DNA of the T. brasiliensis species subcomplex, in order to establish affinities among members of the T. brasiliensis subcomplex based on chromatin and chromosome traits and develop an identification key for the four monophyletic Triatoma subcomplexes from South America. All species exhibited a CG-rich X sex chromosome and autosomes, as well as an AT-rich Y sex chromosome. This feature can be used as a diagnostic characteristic to determine whether a given species is a member of the T. brasiliensis subcomplex, because it enables the differentiation of these species from all Triatoma of South America. Thus, we confirmed the chromosomal relationship of the T. brasiliensis species subcomplex and developed a dichotomous key based on the chromocenter to differentiate the species from this subcomplex from the other monophyletic Triatoma subcomplexes from South America.
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