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Cline BL, Jiang W, Lee C, Cao Z, Yang X, Zhan S, Chong H, Zhang T, Han Z, Wu X, Yao L, Wang H, Zhang W, Li Z, Xie J. Potassium Iodide Nanoparticles Enhance Radiotherapy against Breast Cancer by Exploiting the Sodium-Iodide Symporter. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17401-17411. [PMID: 34694109 PMCID: PMC9035482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iodine has shown promise in enhancing radiotherapy. However, conventional iodine compounds show fast clearance and low retention inside cancer cells, limiting their application as a radiosensitizer. Herein, we synthesize poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) coated KI nanoparticles (PMAO-KI NPs) and evaluate their potential for enhancing radiotherapy. Owing to the polymer coating, the KI core of PMAO-KI NPs is not instantly dissolved in aqueous solutions but slowly degraded, allowing for controlled release of iodide (I-). I- is transported into cells via the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), which is upregulated in breast cancer cells. Our results show that PMAO-KI NPs can enhance radiation-induced production of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals. When tested in vitro with MCF-7 cells, PMAO-KI NPs promote radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and lipid peroxidation, causing a drop in cancer cell viability and reproductivity. When tested in MCF-7 bearing mice, PMAO-KI NPs show significant radiosensitizing effects, leading to complete tumor eradication in 80% of the treated animals without inducing additional toxicity. Overall, our strategy exploits electrolyte nanoparticles to deliver iodide into cancer cells through NIS, thus promoting radiotherapy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Cline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhengwei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shuyue Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Harrison Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhaoguo Han
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Science Education, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Saiki H, Moulay G, Guenzel AJ, Liu W, Decklever TD, Classic KL, Pham L, Chen HH, Burnett JC, Russell SJ, Redfield MM. Experimental cardiac radiation exposure induces ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H392-H407. [PMID: 28550173 PMCID: PMC5582918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00124.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer radiotherapy increases the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cardiomyocytes are highly radioresistant, but radiation specifically affects coronary microvascular endothelial cells, with subsequent microvascular inflammation and rarefaction. The effects of radiation on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that cardiac radiation exposure may result in diastolic dysfunction without reduced EF. Global cardiac expression of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) was induced by cardiotropic gene (adeno-associated virus serotype 9) delivery to 5-wk-old rats. SPECT/CT (125I) measurement of cardiac iodine uptake allowed calculation of the 131I doses needed to deliver 10- or 20-Gy cardiac radiation at 10 wk of age. Radiated (Rad; 10 or 20 Gy) and control rats were studied at 30 wk of age. Body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate were similar in control and Rad rats. Compared with control rats, Rad rats had impaired exercise capacity, increased LV diastolic stiffness, impaired LV relaxation, and elevated filling pressures but similar LV volume, EF, end-systolic elastance, preload recruitable stroke work, and peak +dP/dt Pathology revealed reduced microvascular density, mild concentric cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increased LV fibrosis in Rad rats compared with control rats. In the Rad myocardium, oxidative stress was increased and in vivo PKG activity was decreased. Experimental cardiac radiation exposure resulted in diastolic dysfunction without reduced EF. These data provide insight into the association between cardiac radiation exposure and HFpEF risk and lend further support for the importance of inflammation-related coronary microvascular compromise in HFpEF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiac radiation exposure during radiotherapy increases the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In a novel rodent model, cardiac radiation exposure resulted in coronary microvascular rarefaction, oxidative stress, impaired PKG signaling, myocardial fibrosis, mild cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and elevated left ventricular filling pressures despite preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Saiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gilles Moulay
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adam J Guenzel
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Kelly L Classic
- Division of Medical Physics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Horng H Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John C Burnett
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Wang J, Arulanandam R, Wassenaar R, Falls T, Petryk J, Paget J, Garson K, Cemeus C, Vanderhyden BC, Wells RG, Bell JC, Le Boeuf F. Enhancing Expression of Functional Human Sodium Iodide Symporter and Somatostatin Receptor in Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus for In Vivo Imaging of Tumors. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:221-227. [PMID: 27635026 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.180463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a novel tool in our therapeutic arsenals for fighting cancer. As a live biologic agent, OV has the ability to target and selectively amplify at the tumor sites. We have reported that a vaccinia-based OV (Pexa-Vec) has shown good efficacy in preclinical models and in clinical trials. To give an additional tool to clinicians to allow both treatment of the tumor and improved visualization of tumor margins, we developed new viral-based platforms with 2 specific gene reporters. METHODS We incorporated the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) and the human somatostatin receptor 2 (hSSR2) in the vaccinia-based OV and tested viral constructs for their abilities to track and treat tumor development in vivo. RESULTS Early and high-level expression of hNIS is detrimental to the recombinant virus, leading to the aggregation of hNIS protein and early cell death. Putting hNIS under a late synthetic promoter allowed a higher functional expression of the protein and much stronger 123I or 99Tc uptake. In vivo, the hNIS-containing virus infected and amplified in the tumor site, showing a better efficacy than the parental virus. The hNIS expression at the tumor site allowed for the imaging of viral infection and tumor regression. Similarly, hSSR2-containing OV vaccinia infected and lysed cancer cells. CONCLUSION When tumor-bearing mice were given hNIS- and hSSR2-containing OV, 99Tc and 111In signals coalesced at the tumor, highlighting the power of using these viruses for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahu Wang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wassenaar
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith Paget
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Garson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catia Cemeus
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Cardiac PET Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kumar C, Shetake N, Desai S, Kumar A, Samuel G, Pandey BN. Relevance of radiobiological concepts in radionuclide therapy of cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:173-86. [PMID: 26917443 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1144944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radionuclide therapy (RNT) is a rapidly growing area of clinical nuclear medicine, wherein radionuclides are employed to deliver cytotoxic dose of radiation to the diseased cells/tissues. During RNT, radionuclides are either directly administered or delivered through biomolecules targeting the diseased site. RNT has been clinically used for diverse range of diseases including cancer, which is the focus of the review. CONCLUSIONS The major emphasis in RNT has so far been given towards developing peptides/antibodies and other molecules to conjugate a variety of therapeutic radioisotopes for improved targeting/delivery of radiation dose to the tumor cells. Despite that, many of the RNT approaches have not achieved their desired therapeutic success probably due to poor knowledge about complex and dynamic (i) fate of radiolabeled molecules; (ii) radiation dose delivered; (iii) cellular heterogeneity in tumor mass; and (iv) cellular radiobiological response. Based on understanding gathered during recent years, it may be stated that besides the absorbed dose, the net radiobiological response of tumor/normal cells also determines the clinical response of radiotherapeutic modalities including RNT. The radiosensitivity of tumor/normal cells is governed by radiobiological phenomenon such as radiation-induced bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and low dose hyper-radiosensitivity. These concepts have been well investigated in the context of external beam radiotherapy, but their clinical implications during RNT have received meagre attention. In this direction, a few studies performed using in vitro and in vivo models envisage the possibilities of exploiting the radiobiological knowledge for improved therapeutic outcome of RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- a Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Neena Shetake
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Sejal Desai
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
| | - Amit Kumar
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
| | - Grace Samuel
- c Isotope Production and Applications Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Badri N Pandey
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
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Bank JHH, Kemmling J, Rijntjes E, Wirth EK, Herwig A. Thyroid hormone status affects expression of daily torpor and gene transcription in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Horm Behav 2015; 75:120-9. [PMID: 26435475 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a key role in regulation of seasonal as well as acute changes in metabolism. Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) adapt to winter by multiple changes in behaviour and physiology including spontaneous daily torpor, a state of hypometabolism and hypothermia. We investigated effects of systemic TH administration and ablation on the torpor behaviour in Djungarian hamsters adapted to short photoperiod. Hyperthyroidism was induced by giving T4 or T3 and hypothyroidism by giving methimazole (MMI) and sodium perchlorate via drinking water. T3 treatment increased water, food intake and body mass, whereas MMI had the opposite effect. Continuous recording of body temperature revealed that low T3 serum concentrations increased torpor incidence, lowered Tb and duration, whereas high T3 serum concentrations inhibited torpor expression. Gene expression of deiodinases (dio) and uncoupling proteins (ucp) were analysed by qPCR in hypothalamus, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. Expression of dio2, the enzyme generating T3 by deiodination of T4, and ucps, involved in thermoregulation, indicated a tissue specific response to treatment. Torpor per se decreased dio2 expression irrespective of treatment or tissue, suggesting low intracellular T3 concentrations during torpor. Down regulation of ucp1 and ucp3 during torpor might be a factor for the inhibition of BAT thermogenesis. Hypothalamic gene expression of neuropeptide Y, propopiomelanocortin and somatostatin, involved in feeding behaviour and energy balance, were not affected by treatment. Taken together our data indicate a strong effect of thyroid hormones on torpor, suggesting that lowered intracellular T3 concentrations in peripheral tissues promote torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H H Bank
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmling
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva K Wirth
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Herwig
- Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Choi HS, Kim SH, Park SY, Park HL, Seo YY, Choi WH. Clinical significance of diffuse intrathoracic uptake on post-therapy I-131 scans in thyroid cancer patients. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 48:63-71. [PMID: 24900140 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-013-0234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and possible cause of diffuse intrathoracic uptake on post-therapy I-131 scans in thyroid cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 781 post-therapy scans of 755 thyroid cancer patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy between January and December 2010. Diffuse intrathoracic uptake on post-therapy scans was examined, and clinical patient characteristics including sex, age, regimen for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation (thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human TSH injection), TSH, thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab) levels, therapeutic dose of radioactive iodine therapy and prior history of radioactive iodine therapy were recorded.Scan findings were correlated with chest CT, chest radiographs, laboratory tests and/or clinical status. Diffuse intrathoracic uptake without evidence of pathologic condition was categorized as indeterminate. The association between clinical characteristics and intrathoracic uptake were analyzed for negative intrathoracic uptake and indeterminate uptake groups. RESULTS Diffuse intrathoracic uptake on post-therapy scans was demonstrated in 39 out of 755 (5.2 %) patients, among which 3 were confirmed as lung metastasis. The 14 patients that showed high Tg or anti-Tg Ab levels were considered to be at risk of having undetected micrometastasis on other imaging modalities. The remaining 22 were indeterminate (2.9 %).Upon comparison of negative intrathoracic uptake and indeterminate uptake groups, TSH stimulation by thyroid hormone withdrawal was shown to be significantly correlated with diffuse intrathoracic uptake (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency of diffuse intrathoracic uptake on post-therapy scans was 5.2 % and could be seen in thyroid cancer patients with underlying lung metastasis as well as those without definite pathologic condition. In the latter, there was a higher frequency for diffusely increased intrathoracic uptake in those who underwent thyroid hormone withdrawal rather than recombinant human TSH injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sonya Youngju Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Young Seo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93 Ji-Dong Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 442-723 Republic of Korea
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Domouzoglou EM, Fisher FM, Astapova I, Fox EC, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Hollenberg AN, Maratos-Flier E. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and thyroid hormone show mutual regulatory dependency but have independent actions in vivo. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2031-40. [PMID: 24564398 PMCID: PMC3990851 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in the liver and in the adipose tissue. In contrast, peripheral FGF21 administration leads to decreased circulating levels of TH. These data suggest that FGF21 and TH could interact to regulate metabolism. In the present study, we confirmed that TH regulates adipose and hepatic FGF21 expression and serum levels in mice. We next investigated the influence of TH administration on key serum metabolites, gene expression in the liver and brown adipose tissue, and energy expenditure in FGF21 knockout mice. Surprisingly, we did not observe any significant differences in the effects of TH on FGF21 knockout mice compared with those in wild-type animals, indicating that TH acts independently of FGF21 for the specific outcomes studied. Furthermore, exogenous FGF21 administration to hypothyroid mice led to similar changes in serum and liver lipid metabolites and gene expression in both hypothyroid and euthyroid mice. Thus, it appears that FGF21 and TH have similar actions to decrease serum and liver lipids despite having some divergent regulatory effects. Whereas TH leads to up-regulation in the liver and down-regulation in brown adipose tissue of genes involved in the lipid synthesis pathway (eg, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and SPOT14), FGF21 leads to the opposite changes in expression of these genes. In conclusion, TH and FGF21 act independently on the outcomes studied, despite their ability to regulate each other's circulating levels. Thus, TH and FGF21 may modulate the availability of each other in critical metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Domouzoglou
- Division of Endocrinology (E.M.D., f.M.F., I.A., E.C.F., J.S.F., A.N.H., E.M.-F.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; and Lilly Research Laboratories (A.K.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46225
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Wei W, Wang Y, Dong J, Wang Y, Min H, Song B, Shan Z, Teng W, Xi Q, Chen J. Hypothyroxinemia induced by mild iodine deficiency deregulats thyroid proteins during gestation and lactation in dams. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:3233-45. [PMID: 23917811 PMCID: PMC3774435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10083233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main object of the present study was to explore the effect on thyroidal proteins following mild iodine deficiency (ID)-induced maternal hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy and lactation. In the present study, we established a maternal hypothyroxinemia model in female Wistar rats by using a mild ID diet. Maternal thyroid iodine content and thyroid weight were measured. Expressions of thyroid-associated proteins were analyzed. The results showed that the mild ID diet increased thyroid weight, decreased thyroid iodine content and increased expressions of thyroid transcription factor 1, paired box gene 8 and Na+/I- symporter on gestational day (GD) 19 and postpartum days (PN) 21 in the maternal thyroid. Moreover, the up-regulated expressions of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) were detected in the mild ID group on GD19 and PN21. Taken together, our data indicates that during pregnancy and lactation, a maternal mild ID could induce hypothyroxinemia and increase the thyroidal DIO1 and DIO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
| | - Binbin Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Weiping Teng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
| | - Qi Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
- Department of Physiology, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (W.W.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (Y.W.); (H.M.); (B.S.); (Q.X.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (Z.S.); (W.T.)
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Penheiter AR, Russell SJ, Carlson SK. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as an imaging reporter for gene, viral, and cell-based therapies. Curr Gene Ther 2012; 12:33-47. [PMID: 22263922 PMCID: PMC3367315 DOI: 10.2174/156652312799789235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical tomographic imaging systems increasingly are being utilized for non-invasive imaging of reporter gene products to reveal the distribution of molecular therapeutics within living subjects. Reporter gene and probe combinations can be employed to monitor vectors for gene, viral, and cell-based therapies. There are several reporter systems available; however, those employing radionuclides for positron emission tomography (PET) or singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) offer the highest sensitivity and the greatest promise for deep tissue imaging in humans. Within the category of radionuclide reporters, the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter (NIS) has emerged as one of the most promising for preclinical and translational research. NIS has been incorporated into a remarkable variety of viral and non-viral vectors in which its functionality is conveniently determined by in vitro iodide uptake assays prior to live animal imaging. This review on the NIS reporter will focus on 1) differences between endogenous NIS and heterologously-expressed NIS, 2) qualitative or comparative use of NIS as an imaging reporter in preclinical and translational gene therapy, oncolytic viral therapy, and cell trafficking research, and 3) use of NIS as an absolute quantitative reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Penheiter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Smyth PPA, Burns R, Huang RJ, Hoffman T, Mullan K, Graham U, Seitz K, Platt U, O'Dowd C. Does iodine gas released from seaweed contribute to dietary iodine intake? ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2011; 33:389-397. [PMID: 21431377 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-011-9384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels sufficient for brain development and normal metabolism require a minimal supply of iodine, mainly dietary. Living near the sea may confer advantages for iodine intake. Iodine (I(2)) gas released from seaweeds may, through respiration, supply a significant fraction of daily iodine requirements. Gaseous iodine released over seaweed beds was measured by a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based method and iodine intake assessed by measuring urinary iodine (UI) excretion. Urine samples were obtained from female schoolchildren living in coastal seaweed rich and low seaweed abundance and inland areas of Ireland. Median I(2) ranged 154-905 pg/L (daytime downwind), with higher values (~1,287 pg/L) on still nights, 1,145-3,132 pg/L (over seaweed). A rough estimate of daily gaseous iodine intake in coastal areas, based upon an arbitrary respiration of 10,000L, ranged from 1 to 20 μg/day. Despite this relatively low potential I(2) intake, UI in populations living near a seaweed hotspot were much higher than in lower abundance seaweed coastal or inland areas (158, 71 and 58 μg/L, respectively). Higher values >150 μg/L were observed in 45.6% of (seaweed rich), 3.6% (lower seaweed), 2.3% (inland)) supporting the hypothesis that iodine intake in coastal regions may be dependent on seaweed abundance rather than proximity to the sea. The findings do not exclude the possibility of a significant role for iodine inhalation in influencing iodine status. Despite lacking iodized salt, coastal communities in seaweed-rich areas can maintain an adequate iodine supply. This observation brings new meaning to the expression "Sea air is good for you!"
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Affiliation(s)
- P P A Smyth
- School of Physics and Environmental Change Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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