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Safdar NZ, Alobaid AM, Hopkins M, Dempsey PC, Pearson SM, Kietsiriroje N, Churm R, Ajjan RA, Campbell MD. Short, frequent, light-intensity walking activity improves postprandial vascular-inflammatory biomarkers in people with type 1 diabetes: The SIT-LESS randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2439-2445. [PMID: 38558524 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with short, frequent, light-intensity activity on postprandial cardiovascular markers in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 32 adults with T1D (mean ± SD age 28 ± 5 years, glycated haemoglobin 67.9 ± 12.6 mmol/mol, 17 women) completed two 7-h laboratory visits separated by >7 days. Participants either remained seated for 7 h (SIT) or interrupted sitting with 3-min bouts of self-paced walking at 30-min intervals commencing 1 h after each meal (SIT-LESS). Physical activity, insulin regimen, experimental start times, and meal consumption were standardized during each arm. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and fibrinogen were sampled at baseline, 3.5 and 7 h, and assessed for within- and between-group effects using a repeated measures ANOVA. The estimated glucose disposal rate was used to determine the insulin resistance status. RESULTS Vascular-inflammatory parameters were comparable between SIT and SIT-LESS at baseline (p > .05). TNF-α, IL-1β, PAI-1 and fibrinogen increased over time under SIT, whereas these rises were attenuated under SIT-LESS (p < .001). Specifically, over the 7 h under SIT, postprandial increases were detected in TNF-α, IL-1β, PAI-1 and fibrinogen (+67%, +49%, +49% and +62%, respectively; p < .001 for all). Conversely, the SIT-LESS group showed no change in IL-1β (-9%; p > .50), whereas reductions were observed in TNF-α, PAI-1 and fibrinogen (-22%, -42% and -44%, respectively; p < .001 for all). The intervention showed enhanced effects in insulin-resistant individuals with T1D. CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with light-intensity activity ameliorates postprandial increases in vascular-inflammatory markers in T1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN13641847).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Z Safdar
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Anwar M Alobaid
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Ministry of Health, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam M Pearson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- John Dawson Drug Discovery and Development Institute, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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Shin E, Kim D, Choi YY, Youn H, Seong KM, Youn B. LDR-adapted liver-derived cytokines have potential to induce atherosclerosis. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:791-806. [PMID: 36383216 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2145028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that causes cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The association between radiation and atherosclerosis has already been demonstrated; however, the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) exposure on atherosclerosis have not been reported. Our study aims to propose that LDR may cause atherosclerosis phenotypes by the upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and downregulation of androgen receptor (AR), which are cytokines secreted from the liver. METHODS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were irradiated at 50 mGy, 100 mGy, and 1000 mGy. LDR irradiated Ldlr-/- mice serum was analyzed by cytokine array and proteomics with silver staining. Oil Red O staining and BODIPY staining were performed to determine lipid accumulation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Foam cell formation and monocyte recruitment were assessed through co-culture system with HUVECs and THP-1 cells. RESULTS After irradiation with LDR (100 mGy) the mice showed atherosclerotic phenotypes and through analysis results, we selected regulated cytokines, PAI-1 and AR, and found that these were changed in the liver. LDR-regulated cytokines have the potential to be transported to endothelial cells and induce lipid accumulation, inflammation of monocytes, increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and foam cells formation, that were series of phenotypes lead to plaque formation in endothelial cells and induces atherosclerosis. As a further aspect of this study, testosterone undecanoate (TU) was found to pharmacologically inhibit a series of atherosclerotic phenotypes exhibited by LDR. This study suggests a role for PAI-1 and AR in regulating the development of atherosclerosis after LDR exposure. Targeting PAI-1 and AR could serve as an attractive strategy for the management of atherosclerosis following LDR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - You Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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3
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de França E, dos Santos RVT, Baptista LC, Da Silva MAR, Fukushima AR, Hirota VB, Martins RA, Caperuto EC. Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo. Front Physiol 2022; 13:843784. [PMID: 35360245 PMCID: PMC8960951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias de França
- Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL United States
- Targeted Exercise, Microbiome and Aging Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL United States
| | - Marco A. R. Da Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - André R. Fukushima
- Centro Universitário das Américas – FAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde – IGESP – FASIG, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raul A. Martins
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Fiorito G, Caini S, Palli D, Bendinelli B, Saieva C, Ermini I, Valentini V, Assedi M, Rizzolo P, Ambrogetti D, Ottini L, Masala G. DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging were slowed down in a two-year diet and physical activity intervention trial: the DAMA study. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13439. [PMID: 34535961 PMCID: PMC8520727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biomarkers of healthy aging have been proposed in recent years, including the epigenetic clocks, based on DNA methylation (DNAm) measures, which are getting increasingly accurate in predicting the individual biological age. The recently developed "next-generation clock" DNAmGrimAge outperforms "first-generation clocks" in predicting longevity and the onset of many age-related pathological conditions and diseases. Additionally, the total number of stochastic epigenetic mutations (SEMs), also known as the epigenetic mutation load (EML), has been proposed as a complementary DNAm-based biomarker of healthy aging. A fundamental biological property of epigenetic, and in particular DNAm modifications, is the potential reversibility of the effect, raising questions about the possible slowdown of epigenetic aging by modifying one's lifestyle. Here, we investigated whether improved dietary habits and increased physical activity have favorable effects on aging biomarkers in healthy postmenopausal women. The study sample consists of 219 women from the "Diet, Physical Activity, and Mammography" (DAMA) study: a 24-month randomized factorial intervention trial with DNAm measured twice, at baseline and the end of the trial. Women who participated in the dietary intervention had a significant slowing of the DNAmGrimAge clock, whereas increasing physical activity led to a significant reduction of SEMs in crucial cancer-related pathways. Our study provides strong evidence of a causal association between lifestyle modification and slowing down of DNAm aging biomarkers. This randomized trial elucidates the causal relationship between lifestyle and healthy aging-related epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fiorito
- Laboratory of Biostatistics Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari Italy
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment 43 and Health Imperial College London London UK
| | - Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Ilaria Ermini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | | | - Melania Assedi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Ambrogetti
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network ‐ ISPRO Florence Italy
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5
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Płoszczyca K, Czuba M, Langfort J, Baranowski M. Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia Combined with a Mixed Diet Contributes to Improvement in Lipid Profile in Trained Cyclists. Nutrients 2021; 13:3481. [PMID: 34684480 PMCID: PMC8538977 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of live high-train low method (LH-TL) and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) with a controlled mixed diet on lipid profile in cyclists. Thirty trained male cyclists at a national level with at least six years of training experience participated in the study. The LH-TL group was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%) for 11-12 h a day and trained under normoxia for 3 weeks. In the IHT group, participants followed the IHT routine three times a week under hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%) at lactate threshold intensity. The control group (N) lived and trained under normoxia. The results showed that the 3-week LH-TL method significantly improved all lipid profile variables. The LH-TL group showed a significant increase in HDL-C by 9.0% and a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) by 9.2%, LDL-C by 18.2%, and triglycerides (TG) by 27.6%. There were no significant changes in lipid profiles in the IHT and N groups. ∆TG and ∆TC were significantly higher in the LH-TL group compared to the N group. In conclusion, hypoxic conditions combined with a mixed diet can induce beneficial changes in lipid profile even in highly trained athletes. The effectiveness of the hypoxic stimulus is closely related to the hypoxic training method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Płoszczyca
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Czuba
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Sports Theory, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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6
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Liu S, Wang Y, Niebauer J. Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function Following Spinal Cord Injury: A REVIEW. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021; 41:13-18. [PMID: 32796491 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with a reduced level of physical activity, deterioration of patient body composition, metabolic profile, quality of life, and psychological functioning. As a result, risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases and CVD-related death occurs at an earlier age than in individuals without SCI. Regular participation in exercise has been shown to exert beneficial effects also in patients with SCI. In this review, we analyze and discuss the effects of regular exercise training in SCI on cardiovascular function, autonomic function of the cardiovascular system, arterial stiffness, metabolism, inflammation, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Liu
- Departments of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery (Dr Liu) and Clinical Laboratory (Dr Wang), Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Drs Liu and Wang); Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, and Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (Dr Niebauer)
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7
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PAI-1, the Plasminogen System, and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197066. [PMID: 32993026 PMCID: PMC7582753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is a critical proteolytic system responsible for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The master regulator of the plasminogen system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated for its role in exacerbating various disease states not only through the accumulation of ECM (i.e., fibrosis) but also its role in altering cell fate/behaviour. Examination of PAI-1 has extended through various tissues and cell-types with recent investigations showing its presence in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the role of this protein has been implicated throughout the regeneration process, and in skeletal muscle pathologies (muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging-driven pathology). Needless to say, the complete function of this protein in skeletal muscle has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in maintaining overall health and quality of life, it is critical to understand the alterations—particularly in PAI-1—that occur to negatively impact this organ. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of PAI-1 in skeletal muscle health and function. We aim to shed light on the relevance of this protein in skeletal muscle and propose potential therapeutic approaches to aid in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health.
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8
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Olabode OP, Akinlade OM, Babatunde AS, Abdulazeez MI, Biliaminu SA, Oyabambi AO, Olatunji VA, Soladoye AO, Olatunji LA. Triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 independently predict high pulse pressure in sickle cell trait and disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:166-171. [PMID: 30145922 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1499118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesised that TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 would be associated with high pulse pressure (PP) in young adults with sickle cell trait (SCT) and sickle cell disease (SCD). We compared the clinical, biochemical, and cardiometabolic parameters among individuals with normal genotype (HbAA; n = 60), SCT (HbAS; n = 60), and SCD (HbSS; n = 60), all in steady state. Using multivariate linear regression analysis, high PP was positively related to TG/HDL-C ratio in SCT (β = 0.307; p = .014) and PAI-1 (β = 0.499; p = .001) in SCD. The curve of receiver operating characteristic also showed that TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 are efficient predictors of high PP in SCT carriers and SCD patients, respectively. This study suggests that increased levels of TG/HDL-C ratio and PAI-1 may be salient risk factors that would promote the development of arterial stiffness and other CVD in SCT carriers and SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunde P Olabode
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olawale M Akinlade
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Abiola S Babatunde
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Musbau I Abdulazeez
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sikiru A Biliaminu
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi O Oyabambi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Victoria A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O Soladoye
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Oyama LM, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Exercise intensity and physical fitness modulate lipoproteins profile during acute aerobic exercise session. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4160. [PMID: 32139762 PMCID: PMC7058045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity has emerged as an important cardiometabolic risk factor; however, the beneficial impacts of physical exercise according physical fitness status are still unclear. To analyze the lipoproteins and immune-endocrine response to acute aerobic exercise sessions performed at different intensities according physical fitness status and evaluated the gene expression in monocyte cells. Twelve individuals, divided into Low and High VO2max, performed three randomized acute exercise sessions at low (<60% VO2max), moderate (60-75% VO2max), and high (>90% VO2max) intensities. Blood samples were collected pre, immediately post, and 60 minutes post-exercise to analyze NEFA, triacylglycerol, non-HDL-c, HDL-c, PAI-1, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Blood samples were collected from another set of twelve individuals for use in monocyte cell cultures to analyze L-CAT, CETP, and AMPK gene expressions. Low VO2max group pre-exercise exhibited higher postprandial leptin and total cholesterol concentrations than High VO2max group (p < 0.05). Exercise performed in high-intensity promoted a decreased leptin and NEFA levels (p < 0.05, for both), but for PAI-1 levels was decreased (p < 0.05) only for the Low VO2max group. Triacylglycerol levels decreased after all exercise sessions (p < 0.05) for both groups, and HDL-c exhibited decrease during moderate-intensity (p < 0.05), but this scenario was attenuated in Low VO2max group. Low VO2max individuals exhibit some metabolic-endocrine disruption, and acute aerobic exercise sessions performed at low, moderate, and high intensities are capable of modulating metabolic-endocrine parameters, mainly at high-intensity, in a physical fitness-dependent way, given that Low VO2max group was more responsive and seem to be able to appropriate more exercise-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - F E Rossi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Oyama
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomeical Science of University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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10
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Synergy between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109602. [PMID: 32035284 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative nervous system disorder and is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. The disease originates from the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, resulting in unregulated activity of the basal ganglia. Αlpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a protein found to aggregate in the substantia nigra region of patients with PD, forming Lewy Body inclusions; its aggregation may contribute to neuronal cell death in PD. This work hypothesizes about the synergistic relationship between α-syn aggregation and neuroinflammation to up-regulate expression of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The protease, plasmin, has been shown to cleave extracellular α-syn (including its monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillary forms), resulting in less aggregation and Lewy Body formation. The zymogen plasminogen is converted to its active serine protease form, plasmin, either by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) bound to urokinase receptor (uPAR). Both tPA and uPA/uPAR are inhibited by PAI-1. Thus, when PAI-1 levels increase, less plasmin is generated, which would lead to reduced proteolysis of α-syn. Expression of PAI-1 is increased both in inflammatory environments and in the presence of extracellular α-syn aggregates. This scenario suggests a pathological amplification loop: increased extracellular α-syn aggregation activates an inflammatory response from microglia and astrocytes, increasing PAI-1 levels, and decreasing the generation of plasmin. With reduced plasmin, less α-syn can be cleaved, and aggregation continues, sustaining the pathological process. Understanding this putative pathogenic loop could provide insight into the means by which neurodegeneration progresses in PD, and it may offer possible novel therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Figueiredo C, Antunes BM, Giacon TR, Vanderlei LCM, Campos EZ, Peres FP, Clark NW, Panissa VLG, Lira FS. Influence of Acute and Chronic High-Intensity Intermittent Aerobic Plus Strength Exercise on BDNF, Lipid and Autonomic Parameters. J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:359-368. [PMID: 31191107 PMCID: PMC6544002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is two-fold. First, we evaluated whether 8-weeks of combined training (high-intensity intermittent plus strength training) may change brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and lipid parameters (triacylglycerol, HDL-c and non-HDL) in a fasted state. Second, we investigated the effect of an acute session of high-intensity intermittent exercise followed by strength training on systemic BDNF and lipid parameters pre- and post 8-weeks of training. Twenty-one healthy and physically active men were divided into two groups: high-intensity intermittent exercise combined with strength training (HSG; n = 11) and control (CG; n = 10). The HSG exercised for one minute at 100% of speedVO2max (sVO2max) interspersed with one minute of passive recovery followed by strength training (8 exercises with 8-12 repetition maximum loads) for 8-weeks. Heart rate variability, blood pressure, lipid profile, and BDNF concentrations were measured in the fasted state pre- and post-exercise and before and after the 8-week training period. After 8-weeks of exercise training, there was an increase in spectral high frequency component (ms2) and RR interval (p < 0.05), a decreased spectral low frequency component (nu) and heart rate values (p < 0.05), an increase in HDL-c (p < 0.001), and lower BDNF concentrations (p < 0.001). These results suggest that 8-weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise combined with strength exercise is an effective protective cardio-metabolic strategy capable of increasing HDL-c and BDNF concentrations after an acute exercise session. In the long-term, the modulation on BDNF and HDL-c concentrations may be a determining factor for protection against neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís R Giacon
- Departament of Physioterapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Vanderlei
- Departament of Physioterapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Nicolas W Clark
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, FL, USA
| | - Valéria L G Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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12
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Antunes BM, Campos EZ, dos Santos RVT, Rosa‐Neto JC, Franchini E, Bishop NC, Lira FS. Anti‐inflammatory response to acute exercise is related with intensity and physical fitness. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5333-5342. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moura Antunes
- Department of Physical Education Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapaterra Campos
- Department of Physical Education Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physical Education Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - José Cesar Rosa‐Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Nicolette C. Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Department of Physical Education Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
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Upregulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Irradiated Recipient Arteries and Veins from Free Tissue Transfer Reconstruction in Cancer Patients. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4058986. [PMID: 30402041 PMCID: PMC6193344 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4058986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical studies have shown that radiotherapy can induce vascular disease at the site of exposure but is usually not clinically evident until years after treatment. We have studied irradiated human arteries and veins to better understand the underlying biology in search of future treatments. The aim was to investigate whether radiotherapy contributed to a sustained expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in human arteries and veins. Methods Irradiated arteries and veins were harvested, together with unirradiated control vessels, from patients undergoing free tissue transfer reconstruction at a median time of 90 weeks [5–650] following radiation exposure. Differential gene expression of PAI-1 was analysed, together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Results PAI-1 gene expression was increased in both arteries (p = 0.012) and veins (p < 0.001) in irradiated compared to unirradiated control vessels. IHC and IF indicated that cells expressing PAI-1 were located in the adventitia of both arteries and veins and colocalized with cells positive for CD68, CD45, and α-SMA in arteries and with CD45 and α-SMA in veins. Conclusion The current study shows a sustained upregulation of PAI-1 in both arteries and veins after exposure to ionizing radiation, indicating a chronic inflammation mainly in the adventitia. We believe that the results contribute to further understanding of radiation-induced vascular disease, where targeting PAI-1 may be a potential treatment.
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14
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Li J, Liu YP. The roles of PPARs in human diseases. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:361-382. [PMID: 30036119 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1475673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), as members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, can be activated by binding natural or synthetic ligands. The use of related ligands has revealed many potential roles for PPARs in the pathogenesis of some human metabolic disorders and inflammatory-related disease. Based on the previous studies, this review primarily concluded the current progress of knowledge regarding the specific biological activity of PPARs in cancers, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing a foundation for the potential therapeutic use of PPAR ligands in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- a Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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15
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da Cruz Fernandes IM, Pinto RZ, Ferreira P, Lira FS. Low back pain, obesity, and inflammatory markers: exercise as potential treatment. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:168-174. [PMID: 29740548 PMCID: PMC5931150 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836070.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is a health issue with significant impact to patients and society. This narrative review aims to synthesize the relationship between obesity, low-grade inflammation and low back pain. It is known that a sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for obesity and related disorders. The adipose tissue of obese people secretes a range of cytokines of character pro- and anti-inflammatory, with many molecular effects. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines are sensitizers of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of acute inflammation that can be linked to the musculoskeletal pain sensation individuals with back pain. Another inflammatory marker deserves mention, prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 is important in the process of triggering actions such as pyrexia, sensation of pain and inflammation, which are exhibited in low back pain condition. The potential for exercises and physical activity to control these mediators and act as a preventative measure for back pain are important because they work as a nonpharmacological strategy to this target audience. There are two types of exercise discussed in this review, the moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Maia da Cruz Fernandes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte,
Brazil
| | - Paulo Ferreira
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, The University of Sydney – Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney,
Australia
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo,
Brazil
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16
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Arm-Cranking Exercise Training Reduces Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in People With Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98:2174-2180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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de Oliveira WPC, Tavoni TM, Freitas FR, Silva BMO, Maranhão RC. Lipid transfers to HDL are diminished in long-term bedridden patients: association with low HDL-cholesterol and increased inflammatory markers. Lipids 2017; 52:703-709. [PMID: 28660528 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipids have been extensively studied in sedentary and in subjects practicing exercise training, but not in extreme inactivity as occurs in bedridden patients. This is important for the care of bedridden patients and understanding the overall plasma lipid regulation. Here, we investigated plasma lipids, lipid transfers to HDL and inflammatory markers in bedridden patients. Fasting blood samples were collected from 23 clinically stable bedridden patients under long-term care (>90 days) and 26 normolipidemic sedentary subjects, paired for age and gender. In vitro transfer of four lipids to HDL was performed by incubating plasma with donor nanoparticles containing radioactive lipids. Total (193 ± 36 vs 160 ± 43, p = 0.005), LDL (124 ± 3 vs 96 ± 33 p = 0.003) and HDL-cholesterol (45 ± 10 vs 36 ± 13, p = 0.008), apolipoprotein A-I (134 ± 20 vs 111 ± 24, p = 0.001) and oxidized LDL (53 ± 13 vs 43 ± 12, p = 0.011) were lower in bedridden patients, whereas triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, CETP and LCAT were equal in both groups. Transfers of all lipids, namely unesterified cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, to HDL were lower in bedridden patients, probably due to their lower HDL-cholesterol levels. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, HGF and NGF were higher in bedridden patients compared to sedentary subjects. In conclusion, inactivity had great impact on HDL, by lowering HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and thereby cholesterol transfers to the lipoprotein, which suggests that inactivity may deteriorate HDL protection beyond the ordinary sedentary condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Pascoalino Camargo de Oliveira
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Suzano Auxiliary Hospital, Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, Suzano, Brazil
| | - Thauany Martins Tavoni
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Rodrigues Freitas
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Miranda Oliveira Silva
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, 1º subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
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18
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Rossi FE, Gerosa-Neto J, Diniz TA, Freitas IF, Lira FS, Cholewa JM. Moderate rest intervals are superior to short intervals for improving PAI-1 following exhaustive exercise in recreational weightlifters. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:559-566. [PMID: 28119878 PMCID: PMC5227318 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632788.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of short and moderate recovery intervals on lipid profiles and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) following exhaustive strength exercise in recreational weightlifters. Seven subjects performed two conditions in a randomized order: short, 90% of one maximum repetition (1RM) and 30-sec rest allowed between sets; moderate, 90% of 1RM and 90-sec rest allowed between sets. Total cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triacylglycerol (TAG), Chol/HDL-c ratio and PAI-1 concentrations were assessed at baseline, immediately postexercise, and 15- and 30-min postexercise (post-15 and post-30). The LDL-c concentrations decreased and HDL-c concentrations increased in both conditions but without significant differences (LDL-c: 30 sec: pre, 82.0±19.5 mg/dL, immediately, 73.9±16.4 mg/dL, 90 sec: pre, 75.9±30.8 mg/dL, immediately, 66.2±35.5 mg/dL, P=0.423; HDL-c: 30 sec: pre, 53.5±9.2 mg/dL, immediately, 61.4±11.4 mg/dL; 90 sec: pre, 55.8±11.1 mg/dL, immediately, 84.9±27.8, mg/dL; P=0.146). On the other hand, PAI-1 had a tendency to decrease only in the 90-sec condition (pre, 7,754.9±2,927.7 pg/mL; immediately, 5,313.1±4,637.4 pg/mL; P=0.085). There was a positive correlation between PAI-1 and Chol (30 sec: r=0.83, 90 sec: r=0.91; P<0.05), PAI-1 and fat-free mass in both conditions (30 sec post-15: r=0.79, post-30: r=081, P<0.05; 90 sec immediately: r=0.77, post-15: r=0.81; P<0.05), and PAI-1 and TAG only in 30 sec (r=0.87, P<0.05). Short and moderate intervals of recovery improve lipid profiles after heavy strength exercise but only 90 sec induced greater improved in PAI-1 concentration in recreational weightlifters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jose Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiego Aparecido Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael F Freitas
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jason Michael Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
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19
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Gerosa-Neto J, Antunes BMM, Campos EZ, Rodrigues J, Ferrari GD, Rosa Neto JC, Bueno CR, Lira FS. Impact of long-term high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on subclinical inflammation in overweight/obese adults. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:575-580. [PMID: 28119880 PMCID: PMC5227320 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632770.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor able to trigger several inflammatory alterations and the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine productions. Physical exercise is an important strategy for reduction of inflammatory established process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of three exercise training programs in the inflammatory profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obesity. Thirty two men and women (46.4±10.1 years; 162.0±9.1 cm; 82.0±13.6 kg) were divided into three groups for training on a treadmill: continuous at 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) 5 times a week (CONT); 1×4 min (1-bout) and 4×4 min (high intensity interval training, HIIT) at 90% HRmax 3 times a week. Interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and adiponectin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance was calculated. After 16 weeks of training blood concentrations of IL-6 decreased in the HIIT group (P=0.035), TNF-α decreased in the CONT (P=0.037) and increased in HIIT (P=0.001) and adiponectin decreased in the three training models. There was a trend towards decreased body weight and body mass index (BMI) after HIIT only (P=0.059 and P=0.060, respectively). Despite the decrease of adiponectin and the increase of TNF-α in HIIT group, insulin sensitivity showed a trend for improvement (P=0.08). HIIT program decreased IL-6 at rest and although not significant was the only who tended to decrease total body weight and BMI. Taken together, our data suggest that both HIIT as well as CONT exercises training program promotes changes in inflammatory profile in overweight/obesity, but dissimilar response is seen in TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gerosa-Neto
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Barbara M M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Z Campos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jhennyfer Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Ferrari
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José C Rosa Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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20
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Panissa VLG, Julio UF, Diniz TA, de Moura Mello Antunes B, Lira FS, Takito MY, Franchini E. Postprandial lipoprotein profile in two modes of high-intensity intermittent exercise. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:476-482. [PMID: 27807528 PMCID: PMC5091065 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632666.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to compare blood lipid postprandial profile response in two modes of high-intensity intermittent exercise. Twelve individuals (6 men and 6 women) were submitted to a maximal incremental test (to determine maximal aerobic power [MAP] and V. O2peak [peak oxygen uptake]), high-intensity intermittent all-out exercise (60×8-sec bouts interspersed by 12-sec passive recovery) and fixed high-intensity intermittent exercise (100% maximal aerobic speed, consisted of 1-min repetitions at MAP [70 rpm] separated by 1-min of passive recovery). Blood samples were collected pre, immediately, 45 and 90-min postexercise. Serum was analyzed for total cholesterol and its ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol (TAG). For TAG there was a main effect of moment with higher values immediately postexercise compared to 45-min postexercise. For VLDL there was a main effect to moment with higher values immediately post exercise than pre and 45-min postexercise; higher values 90-min postexercise than 45-min postexercise. There was no effect for HDL-c, LDL-c, and cholesterol. For area under the curve there was no difference for any variable. Our results indicated that both kinds of acute exercise session lead to no improvement in the acute response of serum lipid profile of healthy young.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Ferreira Julio
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiego Aparecido Diniz
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara de Moura Mello Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Yuri Takito
- Department of Human Movement Pedagogy, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Petrovic S, Arsic A, Glibetic M, Cikiriz N, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. The effects of polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice on fatty acid profiles and lipid peroxidation of active handball players: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1058-1063. [PMID: 27322521 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice consumption on plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles of 32 active male and female handball players was examined. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted during the preparatory training in a closed campus, where 18 players (8 males, 10 females) consumed 100 mL of chokeberry juice, while 14 players (7 males, 7 females) consumed placebo. Lipid status, glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and percentages of fatty acids were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Consumption of chokeberry juice induced decreases of C18:1n-9 and C18:3n-3 in men, but no changes in female players. However, placebo-controlled groups had reduced proportions of mono- (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs: C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3, and C22:4n-6) in males, as well as n-6 PUFAs and total PUFAs in females after consumption. These results indicate that chokeberry juice had a weak impact on attenuating the effect of intensive training in active handball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Petrovic
- a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetic
- a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Cikiriz
- b Department of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Hygiene, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Zakaria E, Al-Din MH, Ghanem NS, Sadik NA, Assem M, Taha F. Urinary albumin excretion and progression of renal disease with impaired fibrinolytic activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.165450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Eftedal I, Fredriksen HA, Hjelde A, Møllerløkken A. Evaluating PAI-1 as a biomarker for stress in diving: human serum total PAI-1 is unaltered after 2 h dry exposures to 280 kPa hyperbaric air. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/6/e12437. [PMID: 26109191 PMCID: PMC4510634 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is induced in the vasculature and secreted into the vascular lumen in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. We have previously reported a fivefold increase in plasma PAI-1 from rats exposed to 708 kPa hyperbaric air. In the current study we assess the potential of human serum total PAI-1 as a biomarker for stress in compressed air diving. Eleven recreational divers, nine males and two females, completed four 2 h hyperbaric air exposures to 280 kPa in a pressure chamber over a period of 2 weeks. The air pressure corresponds to a diving depth of 18 m in water. Serum was collected before the study and again 3 h 30 min after completion of each hyperbaric exposure. All samples were taken in the afternoon to minimize the contribution of circadian variation. The analysis revealed no change in serum total PAI-1 after hyperbaric exposures within the group of divers (P = 0.064), but significant interindividual differences persisted throughout the study (P < 0.0005). A case of decompression sickness after the third round of hyperbaric exposure did not affect PAI-1. In conclusion, compressed air exposure to 280 kPa does not affect serum total PAI-1, and significant interindividual variation in PAI-1 levels may limit its usefulness as a biomarker. This does, however, not give a complete answer regarding PAI-1 in physiologically stressful dives. Further studies with different exposures and timing are needed for that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Eftedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Hallvard Aglen Fredriksen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Astrid Hjelde
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Andreas Møllerløkken
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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Jamar G, Pisani LP, Oyama LM, Belote C, Masquio DCL, Furuya VA, Carvalho-Ferreira JP, Andrade-Silva SG, Dâmaso AR, Caranti DA. Is the neck circumference an emergent predictor for inflammatory status in obese adults? Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:217-24. [PMID: 23409690 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a prothrombotic adipokine involved in the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis that associated with proinflammatory adipokines may increase the risk related to obesity. Anthropometric measures are commonly used in clinical practice and, currently, neck circumference (NC) has been used as a marker of cardiovascular risk that can favour inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVE To verify the possible correlations between prothrombotic and pro/anti-inflammatory markers with anthropometric measurements in obese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 43 obese adults were enrolled. The variables include body mass, stature, body mass index (BMI), NC, chest circumference (CC), abdominal circumference (AC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure and blood collection used to assess the level of adipokines. RESULTS The sample was stratified by BMI. PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with body mass (r=0.31, p=0.04), NC (r=0.43, p=0.004), CC (r=0.40, p=0.004), AC (r=0.37, p=0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.35, p=0.03), leptin/adiponectin ratio (r=0.36, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.34, p=0.02). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, NC showed to be an independent predictor to PAI-1 when adjusted for gender and BMI, according to the age (β=0.47, p=0.02 and β=0.42, p=0.02 respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, NC could be suggested as an independent predictor higher PAI-1. This association can be a new screening of persons at an enhanced cardiovascular risk and inflammation in this obese population, so useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jamar
- Post Graduate Program of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP - Santos (SP), Brazil.
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Yeh YJ, Law LYL, Lim CL. Gastrointestinal response and endotoxemia during intense exercise in hot and cool environments. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:1575-83. [PMID: 23314685 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPS) concentration and intestinal permeability after 60-min run at 70 % maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in hot [33 °C, 50 % relative humidity (rH)] and cool (22 °C, 62 % rH) conditions. Fifteen volunteers gave their informed consent to participate in this study. Their venous blood samples were taken before, after, 2 and 5 h after exercise in each of the conditions. The order of the two environmental conditions in which they exercised in was randomised and counterbalanced. Plasma LPS concentration increased by an average of 54.0 % (95 % confidence interval: 30.7, 75.1 %) after exercising in the hot trial but no significant changes were observed in cool trial, where mean plasma LPS concentration was 12.0 ± 6.4 pg mL(-1) (before), 10.9 ± 5.4 pg mL(-1) (after), 10.7 ± 6.0 pg mL(-1) (2 h after) and 10.6 ± 5.7 pg mL(-1) (5 h after). Median (range) plasma claudin-3 (CLDN3) concentration was significantly higher after exercise (hot: 8.2 [1.0-13.0] ng mL(-1) and cool: 7.6 [0.6-13.4] ng mL(-1)) as compared to before exercise (hot: 6.6 [0.7-11.8] ng mL(-1) and cool: 6.7 [0.8-12.6] ng mL(-1)) (p < 0.05), but there is no significant difference observed between trials (p > 0.05). Changes in intestinal permeability are only affected by exercise while exercise-induced endotoxemia is affected by environmental conditions. This study, thus, highlights that an increase in intestinal permeability is not sufficient to trigger exercise-induced endotoxemia, suggesting that post-LPS translocation events may have a greater impact in its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jie Yeh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Exercise intensity modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:809576. [PMID: 22545209 PMCID: PMC3321535 DOI: 10.1155/2012/809576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism in the liver is complex and involves the synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), ketone bodies, and high rates of fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and esterification. Exercise training induces several changes in lipid metabolism in the liver and affects VLDL secretion and fatty acid oxidation. These alterations are even more conspicuous in disease, as in obesity, and cancer cachexia. Our understanding of the mechanisms leading to metabolic adaptations in the liver as induced by exercise training has advanced considerably in the recent years, but much remains to be addressed. More recently, the adoption of high intensity exercise training has been put forward as a means of modulating hepatic metabolism. The purpose of the present paper is to summarise and discuss the merit of such new knowledge.
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Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as a fibroproliferative or abnormal fibroblast activation-related disease. Deregulation of wound healing leads to hyperactivation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the wound area, the pathological manifestation of fibrosis. The accumulation of excessive levels of collagen in the ECM depends on two factors: an increased rate of collagen synthesis and or decreased rate of collagen degradation by cellular proteolytic activities. The urokinase/tissue type plasminogen activator (uPA/tPA) and plasmin play significant roles in the cellular proteolytic degradation of ECM proteins and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The activities of uPA/tPA/plasmin and plasmin-dependent MMPs rely mostly on the activity of a potent inhibitor of uPA/tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Under normal physiologic conditions, PAI-1 controls the activities of uPA/tPA/plasmin/MMP proteolytic activities and thus maintains the tissue homeostasis. During wound healing, elevated levels of PAI-1 inhibit uPA/tPA/plasmin and plasmin-dependent MMP activities, and, thus, help expedite wound healing. In contrast to this scenario, under pathologic conditions, excessive PAI-1 contributes to excessive accumulation of collagen and other ECM protein in the wound area, and thus preserves scarring. While the level of PAI-1 is significantly elevated in fibrotic tissues, lack of PAI-1 protects different organs from fibrosis in response to injury-related profibrotic signals. Thus, PAI-1 is implicated in the pathology of fibrosis in different organs including the heart, lung, kidney, liver, and skin. Paradoxically, PAI-1 deficiency promotes spontaneous cardiac-selective fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the significance of PAI-1 in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Diaz JA, Ballard-Lipka NE, Farris DM, Hawley AE, Wrobleski SK, Myers DD, Henke PK, Lawrence DA, Wakefield TW. Impaired fibrinolytic system in ApoE gene-deleted mice with hyperlipidemia augments deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 2011; 55:815-22. [PMID: 22119245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia increases the level of blood plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that is responsible for regulating fibrinolysis by inhibiting both urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). While this fibrinolytic pathway is well known, the role of PAI-1 in venous thrombosis (VT) under hyperlipidemic conditions has not been fully established. We sought to determine the effects of PAI-1 in an in vivo hyperlipidemic model of VT. METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice, apolipoprotein E gene-deleted mice (ApoE-/-) having hyperlipidemia, and PAI-1 gene-deleted (PAI-1-/-) mice were used in this study. Inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation below the level of the renal veins was performed to create a stasis VT. Endpoints included measuring acute thrombosis (day 2) and chronic thrombosis (days 6 and 14). At euthanasia, blood samples were collected for plasmin and PAI-1 activity. In addition, the IVC and its thrombus were evaluated for thrombus weight (TW), u-PA activity, and differential leukocyte count while the vein wall only was analyzed for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP-9. RESULTS Compared to WT at day 2, ApoE-/-mice demonstrated a statistically significant 14% increase in TW (P < .05) and a significant 41% increase in circulating PAI-1 activity (P < .05), while showing a trend of decreased plasmin activity. In addition, TW in ApoE-/-mice was 45% higher than PAI-1-/-mice at day 2 (P < .05), 33% at day 6 (P < .01), and 41% at day 14 (P < .01). ApoE-/-mice exhibited undetectable levels of u-PA in both vein wall and thrombus, compared to WT, at all time points. Also, vein wall MMP-2 was significantly decreased by 64% at day 6 (P < .01) and 58% at day 14 (P < .05). MMP-9 was significantly decreased by 71% at day 2 (P < .01) and 48% at day 6 (P < .01), in ApoE-/-mice compared to WT mice. In addition, in ApoE-/-mice, MCP-1 was significantly decreased by 38% at day 2 (P < .01) and 67% at day 6 (P < .01) vs WT mice. As expected in ApoE mice, following a decrease in MCP-1, monocyte recruitment was significantly decreased at days 6 (P < .01) and 14 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS A significant increase of circulating PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic mice correlated with an early increase in TW due to impaired fibrinolysis. The undetectable levels of u-PA in ApoE-/-mice correlated to a decrease in vein wall MMP-2, MMP-9, MCP-1, and a decrease in monocyte recruitment diminishing thrombus resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Diaz
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Conrad Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Lira FS, Pimentel GD, Santos RV, Oyama LM, Damaso AR, Oller do Nascimento CM, Viana VA, Boscolo RA, Grassmann V, Santana MG, Esteves AM, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Exercise training improves sleep pattern and metabolic profile in elderly people in a time-dependent manner. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:1-6. [PMID: 21733182 PMCID: PMC3154859 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and physical inactivity are two factors that favors the development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and sleep dysfunction. In contrast, the adoption a habitual of moderate exercise may present a non-pharmacological treatment alternative for sleep and metabolic disorders. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate exercise training on sleep quality and on the metabolic profile of elderly people with a sedentary lifestyle. Fourteen male sedentary, healthy, elderly volunteers performed moderate training for 60 minutes/day, 3 days/week for 24 wk at a work rate equivalent to the ventilatory aerobic threshold. The environment was kept at a temperature of 23 ± 2°C, with an air humidity 60 ± 5%. Blood and polysomnographs analysis were collected 3 times: at baseline (1 week before training began), 3 and 6 months (after 3 and 6 months of training). Training promoted increasing aerobic capacity (relative VO2, time and velocity to VO2max; p < 0.05), and reduced serum NEFA, and insulin concentrations as well as improved HOMA index (p < 0.05), and increased adiponectin levels (p < 0.05), after 3 months of training when compared with baseline data. The sleep parameters, awake time and REM sleep latency were decreased after 6 months exercise training (p < 0.05) in relation baseline values. Our results demonstrate that the moderate exercise training protocol improves the sleep profile in older people, but the metabolism adaptation does not persist. Suggesting that this population requires training strategy modifications as to ensure consistent alterations regarding metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio S Lira
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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Buchan DS, Ollis S, Young JD, Thomas NE, Cooper SM, Tong TK, Nie J, Malina RM, Baker JS. The effects of time and intensity of exercise on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:517-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lira FS, Rosa JC, Pimentel GD, Souza HA, Caperuto EC, Carnevali LC, Seelaender M, Damaso AR, Oyama LM, de Mello MT, Santos RV. Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:82. [PMID: 20684772 PMCID: PMC2922209 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (~12 h). The plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined. Results Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). The plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ. Conclusion These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio S Lira
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Salem MA, AboElAsrar MA, Elbarbary NS, ElHilaly RA, Refaat YM. Is exercise a therapeutic tool for improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus? A randomised controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:47. [PMID: 20618996 PMCID: PMC3238209 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a high risk for early atherosclerotic complications especially risk of coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of six months exercise prgram on glycemic control, plasma lipids values, blood pressure, severity and frequency of hypoglycemia, anthropometric measurements and insulin dose in a sample of adolescents with T1DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 196 type 1 diabetic patients participated in the study. They were classified into three groups: Group (A) did not join the exercise program(n = 48), group (B) attended the exercise sessions once/week (n = 75), group (C) attended the exercise sessions three times/week (n = 73). Studied parameters were evaluated before and six months after exercise programe. RESULTS Exercise improved glycemic control by reducing HbA1c values in exercise groups (P = 0.03, P = 0.01 respectively) and no change in those who were not physically active (P = 0.2). Higher levels of HbA1c were associated with higher levels of cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides (P = 0.000 each). In both groups, B and C, frequent exercise improved dyslipidemia and reduced insulin requirements significantly (P = 0.00 both), as well as a reduction in BMI (P = 0.05, P = 0.00 respectively) and waist circumference(P = 0.02, P = 0.00 respectively). The frequency of hypoglycemic attacks were not statistically different between the control group and both intervention groups (4.7 +/- 3.56 and 4.82 +/- 4.23, P = 0.888 respectively). Reduction of blood pressure was statistically insignificant apart from the diastolic blood presure in group C (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Exercise is an indispensable component in the medical treatment of patients with T1DM as it improves glycemic control and decreases cardiovascular risk factors among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nancy S Elbarbary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A ElHilaly
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara M Refaat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lira FS, Yamashita AS, Uchida MC, Zanchi NE, Gualano B, Martins E, Caperuto EC, Seelaender M. Low and moderate, rather than high intensity strength exercise induces benefit regarding plasma lipid profile. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:31. [PMID: 20492685 PMCID: PMC2888772 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of chronic aerobic exercise upon lipid profile has been previously demonstrated, but few studies showed this effect under resistance exercise conditions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different resistance exercise loads on blood lipids. METHODS Thirty healthy, untrained male volunteers were allocated randomly into four groups based at different percentages of one repetition maximum (1 RM); 50%-1 RM, 75%-1 RM, 90%-1 RM, and 110%-1 RM. The total volume (sets x reps x load) of the exercise was equalized. The lipid profile (Triglycerides [TG], HDL-cholesterol [HDL-c], LDL-cholesterol, and Total cholesterol) was determined at rest and after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h of resistance exercise. RESULTS The 75%-1 RM group demonstrated greater TG reduction when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 110%-1 RM group presented an increased TG concentration when compared to 50% and 75% groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively). HDL-c concentration was significantly greater after resistance exercise in 50%-1 RM and 75%-1 RM when compared to 110%-1 RM group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively). Accordingly, the 50%-1 RM group had greater HDL-c concentration than 110%-1 RM group after 48 h (p = 0.05) and 72 h (p = 0.004), respectively. Finally, The 50% group has showed lesser LDL-c concentration than 110% group after 24 h (p = 0.007). No significant difference was found in Total Cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the acute resistance exercise may induce changes in lipid profile in a specific-intensity manner. Overall, low and moderate exercise intensities appear to be promoting more benefits on lipid profile than high intensity. Long term studies should confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio S Lira
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex S Yamashita
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco C Uchida
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, UniFIEO, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelo E Zanchi
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eivor Martins
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Mackenzie Presbiterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Molecular Biology of the Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Dragusha G, Elezi A, Dragusha S, Gorani D, Begolli L. Treatment benefits on metabolic syndrome with diet and physical activity. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2010; 10:169-76. [PMID: 20507300 PMCID: PMC5509405 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2010.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The research has included 422 patients aged between 25 to 60, of whom 341 were men and 81 women. The purpose of research was to determine impact of diet and physical activity in the treatment of metabolic syndrome during the six month period. Processing of results through descriptive and discriminative analysis have indicated that 6 month treatment with diet and physical activity have had an impact in the: waistline decrease by 6.05 cm or 5.50% among males, and 4.92 cm or 5.10% among females; body mass index (BMI) decrease by 1.78 or 6.20% among males, and 2.3 or 8.16% among females; decrease of blood triglycerides levels by 0.35 mmol/L or 16.28% among males, and 0.27 mmol/L or 13.30% among females; increase of blood cholesterol HDL-C by 0.48 mmol/L or 34.78% among males, and 0.06 mmol/L or 4.28% among females; systolic arterial pressure decreased by 15 mmHg or 10.18%, and diastolic blood pressure by 8.74 mmHg or 9.47% among males, and systolic arterial pressure decreased by 7.39 mmHg or 5.17%, and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 5.18 mmHg or 5.75% among females; the level of blood glucose decreased by 0.45 mmol/L or 7.04% among males, and by 0.64 mmol/L or 9.92% decreased among females. The results show that physical exercise and diet are important factors in reducing the values symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In order to improve symptoms of metabolic syndrome, it is necessary to keep on with healthy diet and physical exercise that means the change of lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gani Dragusha
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Mother Teresa N.N., Prishtina, Kosovo
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