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Ali H, Shahzil M, Moond V, Shahzad M, Thandavaram A, Sehar A, Waseem H, Siddiqui T, Dahiya DS, Patel P, Tillmann H. Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice. J Pers Med 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38248762 PMCID: PMC10817352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary and exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness of coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, and Mediterranean and ketogenic diets in improving metabolic and liver health. The review emphasizes the importance of combining aerobic and resistance training as a critical approach to reducing liver fat and increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses the synergy between diet and exercise in enhancing liver parameters and the role of gut microbiota in MASLD. The paper underscores the need for a holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, gut health, and patient motivation. It also highlights the long-term benefits and minimal risks of lifestyle interventions compared to the side effects of pharmacological and surgical options. The review calls for personalized treatment strategies, continuous patient education, and further research to optimize therapeutic outcomes in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassam Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Muhammad Shahzil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA;
| | - Vishali Moond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Maria Shahzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Abhay Thandavaram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad 500068, Telangana, India
| | - Alina Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham-Huntsville Campus, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA
| | - Haniya Waseem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health Tampa, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Taha Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA;
| | - Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mather Hospital, Hofstra University Zucker School of Medicine, Port Jefferson, NY 11777, USA
| | - Hans Tillmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, ECU Health Medical Center, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Malucelli M, Strobel R, Ivantes C, Sakamoto D, Luís Duarte M, Lucia Alves Pedroso M. Histological findings and NAFLD/NASH Status in liver biopsies of patients subjected to bariatric surgery. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 68:e220138. [PMID: 37948562 PMCID: PMC10916797 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis in biopsies of people with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and examine the possible association of different variables with a diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Materials and methods Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data from 574 individuals with obesity of both genders seen by the same physician between 2003 and 2009 who had a liver biopsy during bariatric surgery were examined. Results Of the 437 patients included, 39.8% had some degree of liver fibrosis, 95% had a histologic diagnosis of NAFLD, and the risk factors were age ≥ 28 years and Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) ≥ 2.5 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). In the NAFLD group, NASH was present in 26% of patients and the associated factors were aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase index (AST/ALT) > 1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) < 40 mg/dL, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) > 38 U/L and triglycerides (TG) levels > 150 mg/dL. The independent risk factors were low HDL-c, elevated AST/ALT and high TG. Conclusion The variables associated with a diagnosis of NAFLD were HOMA ≥ 2.5 and age ≥ 28 years. NASH was associated with low HDL-c, high TG and AST/ALT ≤ 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Malucelli
- Departamento de Pós-graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil,
| | - Rodrigo Strobel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Márcio Luís Duarte
- Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto Campus Guarujá, Guarujá, SP, Brasil
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Xiao J, Zhang X, Zhu C, Gu Y, Sun L, Liang X, He Q. Development, Validation, and Application of a Scoring Model for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:3246-3255. [PMID: 37644345 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore risk factors of NASH and then develop a non-invasive scoring model in Chinese patients with obesity. A scoring system was then applied to assess the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on NASH. METHODS A total of 243 patients with obesity were included and divided into NASH group and non-NASH group according to the pathological results of liver biopsy. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors of NASH. A scoring model was derived by risk factors of NASH. Then, postoperative follow-up was performed in 70 patients. RESULTS Among the 243 patients, 118 (48.56%) patients showed NASH. Multivariate logistic regression identified aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (>21.50 IU/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (<1.155mmol/L), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) (>9.368) as independent risk factors of NASH. The model included above risk factors showed a negative predictive value (NPV) of 70.38% in the low-risk category and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85.71% in the high-risk category, with the area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) of 0.737. Bariatric surgery resulted in a sharp decline in AST and HOMA-IR and a significant increase of HDL-C. The points of scoring model were improved at 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION A non-invasive scoring model was derived by the risk factors of NASH included AST, HDL-C, and HOMA-IR and applied to the postoperative follow-up. After sleeve gastrectomy, the above risk factors and points of scoring model were significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chonggui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Longhao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Abdelgwad M, Zakaria R, Marzouk S, Sabry D, Ahmed R, Badary HA, Samir M. The Emerging Role of Circular RNA Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 3 and Circular RNA 0046367 through Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway on the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Egyptian Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:614-625. [PMID: 37131898 PMCID: PMC10149124 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major problem worldwide that needs non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment response assessment. We aimed to assess the correlation between circRNA-HIPK3 and miRNA-29a expression and its role as miRNA-29a sponge, as well as the correlation between circRNA-0046367 and miRNA-34a expression and its role as miRNA-34a sponge and their effect on regulation of the Wnt/β catenin pathway, which may provide a new target for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods the research was performed on 110 participants: group (I): fifty-five healthy donors served as controls and group (II): fifty-five patients with fatty liver pattern on abdominal ultrasound. Lipid profile and liver functions were assessed. RT-PCR was performed to assess the RNAs: circRNA-HIPK3, circRNA-0046367, miRNA-29a, miRNA-34a and Wnt mRNA gene expression. ELISA was performed to determine β-catenin protein levels. Results miRNA-34a and circRNA-HIPK3 expression were significantly greater, while miRNA-29a and circRNA-0046367 expression were significantly less, in patients than in controls. Wnt/β-catenin regulated by miRNA-29a and miRNA-34a showed a significant decrease that leads to its abnormal effect on lipid metabolism. Conclusions our results imply that miRNA-29a can be investigated as a target for circRNA-HIPK3, while miRNA-34a can be investigated as a target for circRNA-0046367, and that circRNA-HIPK3 and circRNA-0046367 may have emerging roles that can affect the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thus be used as therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelgwad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Reem Zakaria
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
- Corresponding author: Reem Zakaria; Tel: +20 1004865515; E-mail:
| | - Samar Marzouk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Ahmed
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hedy Ayman Badary
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mai Samir
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Meneses D, Olveira A, Corripio R, Méndez MDC, Romero M, Calvo-Viñuelas I, Herranz L, Vicent D, de-Cos-Blanco AI. Prevalence and predictors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with morbid obesity. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:178-188. [PMID: 35396116 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in morbid obesity (MO). A considerable proportion of patients with MO have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy (LB) is the only procedure that reliably differentiates NASH from other stages of NAFLD, but its invasive nature prevents it from being generalisable. Hence, non-invasive assessment is critical in this group of patients. OBJECTIVES To report NAFLD/NASH prevalence in a cohort of patients with MO and to identify predictors of NASH. METHODS Fifty-two consecutive patients subjected to bariatric surgery in a University hospital in Spain underwent LB. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were registered. According of the results of the LB, individuals were classified by whether they had NASH or not. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with NASH. RESULTS NAFLD was reported in 94.2% of the patients, simple steatosis was present in 51.92% and NASH in 42.31%. Meanwhile, 17.3% of patients exhibited significant fibrosis (≥F2). HIGHT score for NASH risk was established using five independent predictors: systemic Hypertension, Insulin resistance, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, High density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine Transaminase. This score ranges from 0 to 7 and was used to predict NASH in our cohort (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.846). A score of 4 or greater implied high risk (sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 73.3%, positive predictive value 68%, negative predictive value 81.5%, accuracy 75%). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is practically a constant in MO with a considerable proportion of patients presenting NASH. The combination of five independent predictors in a scoring system may help the clinician optimise the selection of patients with MO for LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Meneses
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Olveira
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Corripio
- Metabolic Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Méndez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Míriam Romero
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Calvo-Viñuelas
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Herranz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vicent
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria [Health Research Institute] of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel de-Cos-Blanco
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Xia F, Wan H, Chen C, Chen Y, Wang N, Lu Y. Moderation effect of economic status in the association between early life famine exposure and MAFLD in adulthood. Liver Int 2022; 42:299-308. [PMID: 34687278 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in China resulted in high prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the moderation of economic status in the association between early famine exposure and metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adulthood. METHODS 10 190 participants in the SPECT-China study enrolled from 2014 to 2016 were included in this study. Participants with fetal famine exposure (birth year 1959-1962) or early-childhood famine exposure (birth year 1955-1958) formed the exposure group. The associations with MAFLD were assessed via regression analyses. RESULTS In men, economic status could not moderate the association between early life famine and MAFLD after adjusting for age, excess alcohol drinking, current smokers, famine severity, waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (P for interaction = .52). However, in women and in the total population, economic status could moderate the association between early life famine and MAFLD after adjusting for the above confounders (P for interaction = .01). In the total population and in women, early life famine exposure was associated with MAFLD in both low economic status and high economic status. However, in men, early life famine exposure was not associated with MAFLD in low economic status, while in high economic status, early-childhood famine exposure was associated with MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Economic status could moderate the association between early life famine exposure and MAFLD in total population and in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Meneses D, Olveira A, Corripio R, Méndez MDC, Romero M, Calvo-Viñuelas I, Herranz L, Vicent D, de-Cos-Blanco AI. Prevalence and predictors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with morbid obesity. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 69:S2530-0164(21)00180-4. [PMID: 34340957 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in morbid obesity (MO). A considerable proportion of patients with MO have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy (LB) is the only procedure that reliably differentiates NASH from other stages of NAFLD, but its invasive nature prevents it from being generalisable. Hence, non-invasive assessment is critical in this group of patients. OBJECTIVES To report NAFLD/NASH prevalence in a cohort of patients with MO and to identify predictors of NASH. METHODS Fifty-two consecutive patients subjected to bariatric surgery in a University hospital in Spain underwent LB. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were registered. According of the results of the LB, individuals were classified by whether they had NASH or not. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with NASH. RESULTS NAFLD was reported in 94.2% of the patients, simple steatosis was present in 51.92% and NASH in 42.31%. Meanwhile, 17.3% of patients exhibited significant fibrosis (≥F2). HIGHT score for NASH risk was established using five independent predictors: systemic Hypertension, Insulin resistance, Gamma-glutamyl transferase, High density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine Transaminase. This score ranges from 0 to 7 and was used to predict NASH in our cohort (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.846). A score of 4 or greater implied high risk (sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 73.3%, positive predictive value 68%, negative predictive value 81.5%, accuracy 75%). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD is practically a constant in MO with a considerable proportion of patients presenting NASH. The combination of five independent predictors in a scoring system may help the clinician optimise the selection of patients with MO for LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Meneses
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Olveira
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Corripio
- Metabolic Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Méndez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Míriam Romero
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Calvo-Viñuelas
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Herranz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vicent
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria [Health Research Institute] of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel de-Cos-Blanco
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Pharmacological Exploration of Phenolic Compound: Raspberry Ketone-Update 2020. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071323. [PMID: 34209554 PMCID: PMC8309185 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK) is an aromatic phenolic compound naturally occurring in red raspberries, kiwifruit, peaches, and apples and reported for its potential therapeutic and nutraceutical properties. Studies in cells and rodents have suggested an important role for RK in hepatic/cardio/gastric protection and as an anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, depigmentation, and sexual maturation agent. Raspberry ketone-mediated activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) stands out as one of its main modes of action. Although rodent studies have demonstrated the efficacious effects of RK, its mechanism remains largely unknown. In spite of a lack of reliable human research, RK is marketed as a health supplement, at very high doses. In this review, we provide a compilation of scientific research that has been conducted so far, assessing the therapeutic properties of RK in several disease conditions as well as inspiring future research before RK can be considered safe and efficacious with limited side effects as an alternative to modern medicines in the treatment of major lifestyle-based diseases.
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Noureddin M, Jones C, Alkhouri N, Gomez EV, Dieterich DT, Rinella ME. Screening for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States Is Cost-effective: A Comprehensive Cost-Utility Analysis. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1985-1987.e4. [PMID: 32763241 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Noureddin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Calum Jones
- Health Economics, McCann Health, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Douglas T Dieterich
- Division of Liver Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mary E Rinella
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Li M, Cao D, Liu Y, Jin L, Zeng N, Wang L, Zhao K, Lv H, Zhang M, Zhang P, Yang Z, Zhang Z. Alterations in the Liver Fat Fraction Features Examined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Bariatric Surgery: a Self-Controlled Observational Study. Obes Surg 2020; 30:1917-1928. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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El Saeed KM, Ahmed OA, Khalifa MO, Fahmy EM. Detection of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among egyptian patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jiang B, Chen Y, Zhou K, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Zhu C, Xia F, Gu T, Guo Y, Lu Y. Comparison of Abdominal Obesity and Fatty Liver and Their Association with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:707-715. [PMID: 30942551 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences between nonalcoholic fatty liver (FL) disease (NAFLD) and abdominal obesity in their association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS The Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China) is a population-based survey of Chinese adults. A total of 9,685 participants (median age, 53 years; interquartile range, 44-63) were grouped into four categories by waist circumference (WC) and NAFLD status: NWC/FL(-), NWC/FL(+), HWC/FL(-), and HWC/FL(+) [FL(-), without NAFLD; FL(+), with NAFLD; HWC, higher WC; NWC, normal WC]. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratios as estimates of the associations between different categories and MetS. RESULTS Male participants with HWC/FL(-) had higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance scores than subjects with NWC/FL(+), but female subjects showed the opposite results. Compared with NWC/FL(+), HWC was associated with an increased likelihood of blood pressure disorder and a decreased likelihood of triglyceride and blood glucose disorders in men, but in women, HWC was associated with only a lower likelihood of triglyceride disorder. Despite these differences, patients with NWC/FL(+) and HWC/FL(-) had almost equally serious degrees of metabolic disorders (MetS z score). CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences between sexes regarding the association between NAFLD and abdominal obesity status and MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boren Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Tan CH, Al-Kalifah N, Ser KH, Lee YC, Chen JC, Lee WJ. Long-term effect of bariatric surgery on resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): An external validation and application of a clinical NASH score. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1600-1606. [PMID: 30077664 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important etiology of end-stage liver disease. Long-term effect of bariatric surgery in improvement of NASH is not clear. OBJECTIVES To validate a scoring system for predicting NASH in morbidly obese patients and using it to evaluate the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on NASH. SETTING Tertiary referral hospital, Taiwan. METHODS A new 5-point clinical NASH (C-NASH) score incorporating body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride was validated in a group of 307 bariatric patients (mean age 30.2 years, incorporating body mass index 45.0 kg/m2) with concurrent liver biopsy from 2003 to 2008. Remission of NASH in 5741 obese patients undergoing bariatric/metabolic surgery with long-term follow-up was then evaluated using the C-NASH score. RESULTS Among 307 patients with liver biopsy, the prevalence of NASH was 44.0%. At baseline, the NASH group had significantly worse fasting glucose levels, triglycerides, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and glycated hemoglobin. The diagnostic sensitivity of C-NASH score was 84.4%, and the accuracy was 68.4%. Among 5741 bariatric patients, the prevalence of high risk for NASH evaluated by C-NASH score was 40.9%. Postoperative follow-up showed good weight loss and almost complete remission of high risk for NASH up to 10 years. Patients with gastric banding had less weight loss, higher mean level of C-NASH score, and a higher incidence of high risk for NASH compared with other procedures at follow-up. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that improvement in C-NASH score suggesting remission of NASH is durable up to 10 years in all kinds of bariatric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hai Tan
- Department of Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nawaf Al-Kalifah
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Al-Adan Hospital, Hadiya, Kuwait
| | - Kong-Han Ser
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Lee
- Department of International Business, Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chien Chen
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Verhaegh P, Bavalia R, Winkens B, Masclee A, Jonkers D, Koek G. Noninvasive Tests Do Not Accurately Differentiate Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis From Simple Steatosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:837-861. [PMID: 28838784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a rapidly increasing health problem. Liver biopsy analysis is the most sensitive test to differentiate between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and simple steatosis (SS), but noninvasive methods are needed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of noninvasive tests for differentiating NASH from SS, focusing on blood markers. METHODS We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Medline and Embase (1990-2016) databases using defined keywords, limited to full-text papers in English and human adults, and identified 2608 articles. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and identified 122 eligible articles that used liver biopsy as reference standard. If at least 2 studies were available, pooled sensitivity (sensp) and specificity (specp) values were determined using the Meta-Analysis Package for R (metafor). RESULTS In the 122 studies analyzed, 219 different blood markers (107 single markers and 112 scoring systems) were identified to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis, and 22 other diagnostic tests were studied. Markers identified related to several pathophysiological mechanisms. The markers analyzed in the largest proportions of studies were alanine aminotransferase (sensp, 63.5% and specp, 74.4%) within routine biochemical tests, adiponectin (sensp, 72.0% and specp, 75.7%) within inflammatory markers, CK18-M30 (sensp, 68.4% and specp, 74.2%) within markers of cell death or proliferation and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (sensp, 69.0% and specp, 72.7%) within the metabolic markers. Two scoring systems could also be pooled: the NASH test (differentiated NASH from borderline NASH plus simple steatosis with 22.9% sensp and 95.3% specp) and the GlycoNASH test (67.1% sensp and 63.8% specp). CONCLUSION In the meta-analysis, we found no test to differentiate NASH from SS with a high level of pooled sensitivity and specificity (≥80%). However, some blood markers, when included in scoring systems in single studies, identified patients with NASH with ≥80% sensitivity and specificity. Replication studies and more standardized study designs are urgently needed. At present, no marker or scoring system can be recommended for use in clinical practice to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Verhaegh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roisin Bavalia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistic, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ger Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Gómez-Ambrosi J, González-Crespo I, Catalán V, Rodríguez A, Moncada R, Valentí V, Romero S, Ramírez B, Silva C, Gil MJ, Salvador J, Benito A, Colina I, Frühbeck G. Clinical usefulness of abdominal bioimpedance (ViScan) in the determination of visceral fat and its application in the diagnosis and management of obesity and its comorbidities. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:580-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Utility of the ELF Test for Detecting Steatohepatitis in Morbid Obese Patients with Suspicion of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Obes Surg 2018; 27:2347-2353. [PMID: 28229316 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbid obese patients have a high rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is related to the progression and poor evolution of chronic hepatopathy in NAFLD, so that its detection makes it possible to identify the subjects who are most at risk in order to prioritize treatment. The ELF test (Enhanced Liver Fibrosis test; Siemens Diagnostics, NY, USA) has been assessed for its capacity to detect fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, but its capacity for diagnosing NASH has not been checked. AIMS Our objective is to determine the utility of the ELF test for detecting NASH in morbid obese patients with suspected NAFLD. METHODS ELF values were determined in a cohort of obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery with suspected NAFLD. Liver biopsy was used as the reference standard. RESULTS The values of ELF were significantly higher in patients with NASH (p = 0.002) and in those who presented with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.047). An ELF cut-off point of 8.72 allows the detection of patients with NASH with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 74.1% (AUC = 0.742, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The ELF test is efficient for the identification of obese patients with NAFLD and early signs of steatohepatitis and fibrosis.
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Imaging prediction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using computed tomography texture analysis. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:3050-3058. [PMID: 29404772 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if texture analysis of non-contrast-enhanced CT (NECT) images is able to predict nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS NECT images from 88 patients who underwent a liver biopsy for the diagnosis of suspected NASH were assessed and texture feature parameters were obtained without and with filtration. The patient population was divided into a predictive learning dataset and a validation dataset, and further divided into groups according to the prediction of liver fibrosis as assessed by hyaluronic acid levels. The reference standard was the histological result of a liver biopsy. A predictive model for NASH was developed using parameters derived from the learning dataset that demonstrated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of >0.65. The resulting model was then applied to the validation dataset. RESULTS In patients without suspected fibrosis, the texture parameter mean without filter and skewness with a 2-mm filter were selected for the NASH prediction model. The AUC of the predictive model for the validation dataset was 0.94 and the accuracy was 94%. In patients with suspicion of fibrosis, the mean without filtration and kurtosis with a 4-mm filter were selected for the NASH prediction model. The AUC for the validation dataset was 0.60 and the accuracy was 42%. CONCLUSIONS In patients without suspicion of fibrosis, NECT texture analysis effectively predicted NASH. KEY POINTS • In patients without suspicion of fibrosis, NECT texture analysis effectively predicted NASH. • The mean without filtration and skewness with a 2-mm filter were modest predictors of NASH in patients without suspicion of liver fibrosis. • Hepatic fibrosis masks the characteristic texture features of NASH.
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Jiang B, Gu T, Zhou K, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Lu Y. Fatty Liver as a Potential Surrogate for Waist Circumference in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study among Chinese Adults. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7903982. [PMID: 29849623 PMCID: PMC5914088 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7903982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased waist circumference (WC) is an essential component of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Asians have been found to have more intra-abdominal adipose tissue than Caucasians, in spite of having smaller WC. The purpose of this study was to explore whether NAFLD could be used as a surrogate for MetS diagnosis in the normal WC population. A total of 9694 Chinese residents were selected from SPECT-China, a population-based survey of Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years in East China. Insulin resistance was calculated by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MetS z-score was used to evaluate the degree of total metabolic disorder. Logistic regression models were used to obtain the associations between different categories and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. The prevalence of NAFLD was 27.6%, in which 35.2% were without abnormal WC. Subjects with only NAFLD had similarly severe insulin resistance and OR for clustering of MetS components compared with those with only abnormal WC. A considerable number of NAFLD cases, although had severe metabolic disorder, would not be detected by the current MetS definition. NAFLD could be used as a potential surrogate marker for the diagnosis of MetS in normal WC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boren Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hadizadeh F, Faghihimani E, Adibi P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnostic biomarkers. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017; 8:11-26. [PMID: 28573064 PMCID: PMC5437499 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v8.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common medical condition worldwide and its prevalence has increased notably in the past few years due to the increases in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, diagnosis of this disease is still a matter of debate because of disease variations and pathophysiologic alterations. Specific single markers have gained considerable attention recently, among them markers related to hepatic pathophysiology, inflammation, adipocytokines and so forth. But, it seems that no single marker is sufficient for diagnosis and staging of the disease, and applying a panel including different types of tests may be more useful.
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Tai CM, Yu ML, Tu HP, Huang CK, Hwang JC, Chuang WL. Derivation and validation of a scoring system for predicting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Taiwanese patients with severe obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 13:686-692. [PMID: 28089433 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is common in severely obese Asians and may progress to advanced liver disease. Although invasive, liver biopsy is the gold standard for NASH diagnosis. Scoring systems for predicting NASH in obese Asians are scarce. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a scoring system to predict NASH in Taiwanese patients with severe obesity. SETTING University hospital, Taiwan. METHODS Preoperative clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 180 severely obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. NASH was evaluated by liver histopathology. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a derivation cohort (n = 120) and a validation cohort (n = 60). RESULTS Of the 180 patients, 91 (50.6%) had NASH. Multivariate analysis identified body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triglyceride as independent predictors for NASH in the derivation group. A weighted sum of the score was: [(1 for presence of 45 kg/m2 ≧ BMI>40 kg/m2) or (2 for presence of BMI>45 kg/m2)+(2 for presence of ALT>40 IU/L)+(1 for presence of triglyceride>140 mg/L)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was .80 and .82 in derivation and validation cohort, respectively. Patients were further divided into low- and high-risk for NASH by using a cutoff score of 3. Diagnostic accuracy was 74% and 80% in derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION We developed and subsequently validated a simple clinical scoring system incorporating BMI, ALT, and triglyceride to predict NASH in Taiwanese patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kun Huang
- Body Science and Metabolic Disorders International (BMI) Medical Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Chung Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Salman AAA, Aboelfadl SAE, Heagzy MAE. New Era for Usage of Serum Liver Enzymes as A Promising Horizon for the Prediction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:348-352. [PMID: 27703554 PMCID: PMC5042614 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Liver histology remains the gold standard for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Noninvasive serological markers and radiological methods have been developed to evaluate steatosis to avoid biopsy. AIM: To put cutoff value for liver enzymes that could predict non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 54 patients (with NAFLD diagnosed by the US). Patients were subjected to history, physical, anthropometric measurements, investigations including liver enzymes, abdominal US, and liver biopsy. According to biopsy results, patients were subdivided according to NASH development. Also, biopsy results were correlated to the levels of liver enzymes. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients who were suspected to have NAFLD by sonar were confirmed by biopsy. There was a significant correlation between steatosis degree in biopsy and sonar. Correlation study between steatosis in biopsy and ALT level showed highly significant positive correlation. Correlation study between steatosis in biopsy on one side & AST and GGT on the other side showed significant positive correlation. Cutoff value for detection of NASH using ALT & AST & and GGT were 50.5, 56, 60.5 respectively with sensitivity = 95.5, 90.5, 86.4 % and specificity = 93.8, 100, 87.5%. CONCLUSION: Cut off values of liver enzymes can be combined with abdominal sonar to predict NASH.
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Wang N, Li Q, Han B, Chen Y, Zhu C, Chen Y, Xia F, Lu M, Meng Y, Guo Y, Ye L, Sui C, Kuang L, Lin D, Lu Y. Follicle-stimulating hormone is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese women over 55 years old. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1196-202. [PMID: 26678239 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity and diabetes are related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A reduction in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with obesity and diabetes in postmenopausal women. Thus, we aim to investigate whether FSH is associated with NAFLD in women over 55 who were postmenopausal with a high probability. METHODS Our data were obtained from the 2014 Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors. A total of 1635 women at the age of 55-89 years were selected. The degrees of fatty liver were categorized into mild and moderate-severe hepatic steatosis groups by ultrasonography. FSH and other sex hormones were measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS A total of 366 (22.4%) and 417 (25.5%) women had mild and moderate-severe hepatic steatosis, respectively. FSH was negatively correlated with waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other metabolic factors (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, estradiol, and total testosterone, increased quartiles of FSH were associated with significantly decreased odds ratios of mild and moderate-severe groups (both P for trends <0.05). After further adjustment for waist circumference and HOMA-IR, FSH was no longer associated with mild hepatic steatosis. The association of FSH with moderate-severe hepatic steatosis was attenuated by waist circumference and HOMA-IR but persisted in the fully adjusted model (P for trend <0.01). CONCLUSION Follicle-stimulating hormone was negatively associated with NAFLD in women over 55 years old. Adiposity and insulin resistance explained most of the association of mild hepatic steatosis and partially explained the association of moderate-severe hepatic steatosis with FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Sui
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Kuang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongping Lin
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang J, Li P, Jiang Z, Yang Q, Mi Y, Liu Y, Shi R, Zhou Y, Wang J, Lu W, Li S, Liu D. Diagnostic value of alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) index combined with γ-glutamyl transferase in differentiating ALD and NAFLD. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:479-87. [PMID: 27025268 PMCID: PMC4855105 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to verify the reliability of the alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) index (ANI) for distinguishing ALD in patients with hepatic steatosis from NAFLD, and to investigate whether ANI combined with γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) would enhance the accuracy of diagnosis in China. METHODS A hundred thirty-nine cases of fatty liver disease (FLD) were divided into two groups of ALD and NAFLD. The ANI was calculated with an online calculator. All indicators and ANI values were analyzed using statistical methods. RESULTS ANI was significantly higher in patients with ALD than in those with NAFLD (7.11 ± 5.77 vs. -3.09 ± 3.89, p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of -0.22, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of diagnosed ALD cases was 87.1%, 92.5%, and 0.934 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.879 to 0.969), respectively. The corresponding values for aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and GGT were 75.29%, 72.94%, and 0.826 (95% CI, 0.752 to 0.885); 94.34%, 83.02%, and 0.814 (95% CI, 0.739 to 0.875) and 80.23%, 79.25%, and 0.815 (95% CI, 0.740 to 0.876), respectively. ANI AUROC was significantly higher than the AST/ALT, MCV, or GGT AUROCs (all p < 0.001), moreover, ANI showed better diagnostic performance. The combination of ANI and GGT showed a better AUROC than ANI alone (0.976 vs. 0.934, p = 0.016). The difference in AUROCs between AST/ALT, MCV, and GGT was not statistically significant (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ANI can help distinguish ALD from NAFLD with high accuracy; when ANI was combined with GGT, its effectiveness improved further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department II of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Correspondence to Ping Li, M.D. Department II of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 7 Sudi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China Tel: +86-13920265719 Fax: +86-22-27468232 E-mail:
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuhui Yang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Department II of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghe Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department II of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Belkacemi L, Belalia M. Cross-sectional pilot study about the liver enzymes profile in type 2 diabetic patients from an Algerian west region: Wilaya of Mostaganem. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S147-S150. [PMID: 26711007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The magnitude of abnormal liver enzymes profile in type 2 diabetic patients is unknown in Algerian west region even though it counts among liver diseases considered as an important cause of death in type 2 diabetes. The main objective is to assess the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes levels among patients with type 2 diabetes from Algerian west region and to determine associated risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study was performed on 180 type 2 diabetic patients in whom anthropometric and biochemical parameters were determined. RESULTS Twenty-five patients had abnormal elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) (13.9%) with the gender-wise prevalence being 15.9% (n=17) in women and 10.9% (n=8) in men. The prevalence of abnormal elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase level was respectively 10% (n=18), 6.1% (n=11) and 8.9% (16). High waist circumference (OR: 5, CI: 1.04-24.04) and high blood pressure (OR: 4.86, CI: 0.94-25.12) were only associated with elevated AST. Fasting glucose >1.4g/l were associated both with elevated ALT (OR: 3.03, CI: 0.86-10.67) and AST (OR: 5.7, CI: 1.09-29.8). CONCLUSION A relatively high prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was found in diabetic patients from west Algeria, especially in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Belkacemi
- Laboratoire de technologie alimentaire et nutrition, Université Abd ElHamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria.
| | - Mahmoud Belalia
- Laboratoire de structure, Élaboration et application des matériaux moléculaires, Université Abd ElHamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
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Wang N, Zhai H, Zhu C, Li Q, Han B, Chen Y, Zhu C, Chen Y, Xia F, Lin D, Lu Y. Combined Association of Vitamin D and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men and Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2621. [PMID: 26825918 PMCID: PMC5291588 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the combined associations of 25(OH)-vitamin D and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in men and postmenopausal women. Our data, which were based on the population, were collected from 16 sites in East China in 2014. There were 2700 men with a mean age of 53 years and 1461 women over 55 who were considered postmenopausal enrolled in the study. Levels of 25(OH)D and SHBG were measured using chemiluminescence assay. NAFLD was measured using liver ultrasound. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined associations of 25(OH)D and SHBG tertiles with odds of mild and moderate-severe NAFLD. Both the low 25(OH)D and low SHBG groups were significantly associated with higher odds of mild NAFLD (men: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05, 1.78 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.23, 2.45 in low SHBG group; women: OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08, 2.12 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.48, 3.14 in low SHBG group) and moderate-severe NAFLD (men: OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.24, 2.10 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.41, 4.87 in low SHBG group; women: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.14, 2.42 in low 25(OH)D group; OR 6.84, 95% CI 4.31, 10.84 in low SHBG group). However, the combined association of low 25(OH)D and low SHBG was much larger, especially in moderate-severe NAFLD (men: OR 6.57, 95% CI 3.87, 11.18; women: OR 8.16, 95% CI 3.98, 16.73). The associations were independent of age, total testosterone, abdominal obesity, diabetes, and lipid profile. The negative associations of 25(OH)D and SHBG levels with NAFLD are strongest when viewed in combination in men and postmenopausal women. Further studies should determine the cause-effect relationship and investigate the underlying mechanisms of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- From the Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (NW, HZ, QL, BH, YC, CZ, YC, FX, DL, YL); Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China (CZ)
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Liu JJ, Chen YY, Mo ZN, Tian GX, Tan AH, Gao Y, Yang XB, Zhang HY, Li ZX. Relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult males, South China. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19782-91. [PMID: 24084725 PMCID: PMC3821586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine serum osteocalcin levels in South Chinese males with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to examine the relation between serum osteocalcin and NAFLD. METHODS Data were collected from 1683 men attending the Fangchenggang Area Male Healthy and Examination Survey (FAMHES) from September 2009 to December 2009. Serum osteocalcin was measured with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. An abdominal ultrasonographic examination for all individuals was performed by two experienced ultrasonographers. The associations of serum osteocalcin with NAFLD were evaluated. RESULTS The levels of serum osteocalcin were lower in 364 NAFLD participants than in 1319 non-NAFLD participants (24.51 ± 1.38 ng/mL vs. 20.81 ± 1.33 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Serum osteocalin level was associated with the scale of NAFLD (r = -0.150, p < 0.01). Serum osteocalin level tended to decrease with the scale of NAFLD. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that decreased ORs for NAFLD were observed from the first to the fourth osteocalcin quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a lower serum osteocalcin level is associated with the presence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (G.-X.T.)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (G.-X.T.)
| | - Zeng-Nan Mo
- Center for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (Z.-N.M.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (G.-X.T.)
| | - Ai-Hua Tan
- Center for Metabolic Disease and Diabetes, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yong Gao
- Center for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (Z.-N.M.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, school of public health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, school of public health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (X.-B.Y.); (H.-Y.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Xian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (J.-J.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (G.-X.T.)
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Abstract
Fetuin-A is a pro-inflammatory protein expressed by hepatocytes. Its course in morbidly obese patients with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) following weight loss by BAS (bariatric surgery) has not been fully elucidated yet. In the present study, we prospectively examined the effects of weight loss on various metabolic factors at 4 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Blood and liver tissues were retrieved from 108 morbidly obese NAFLD patients before/during BAS, and 50 of these individuals met the criteria for NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Fetuin-A expression was measured by qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Hepatocyte apoptosis was quantified via M30 (caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 fragments). Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and fetuin-A were determined by ELISA. Serum-derived parameters were additionally taken at 4 weeks and 6 months post-operatively. In addition, primary human hepatocytes were treated with NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) to investigate changes in fetuin-A. BMI (body mass index) decreased significantly from 53.0±1.1 to 36.4±1.9 kg/m2 in the NAFL group and from 53.3±1.1 to 37.6±1.2 kg/m2 in the NASH group (P<0.0001) at 6 months post-surgery. This was associated with diminishing M30 and M65 (total cytokeratin-18) levels over 6 months after surgery. Adiponectin levels increased continuously in NASH patients, whereas NAFL patients plateaued at 4 weeks post-operatively. Hepatic fetuin-A mRNA and protein expression was elevated before surgery-induced weight loss. However, plasma concentrations of fetuin-A increased signficantly in NASH patients 4 weeks post-operatively. Treatment of hepatocytes with NEFA led to up-regulation of fetuin-A expression. BAS probably has a beneficial effect on NAFLD, as indicated by reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and improved adipokine profiles. In addition, fetuin-A expression is more prominent in NASH.
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Alcoholic liver disease/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease index: distinguishing alcoholic from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 25:899-904. [PMID: 23426271 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32835f0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (ANI) scoring system was constructed as a response to a clinical need for avoiding the risks of liver biopsy in diagnosing the etiology of fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of ANI as a noninvasive method to distinguish ALD from NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-five patients were classified into two groups, ALD and NAFLD, according to the pathohistological results. Parameters for ANI are aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, mean corpuscular volume, BMI, and sex. ANI was calculated using an online calculator, official site of Mayo Clinic. RESULTS ANI was significantly higher in patients with ALD than NAFLD (P<0.01). The cutoff point of ANI is -0.66. ANI greater than -0.66 indicates ALD, whereas ANI less than -0.66 yields a higher probability of NAFLD with high specificity (96.7%) and sensitivity (84.1%). The mean corpuscular volume and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio were higher, whereas BMI was lower in patients with ALD than in NAFLD (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The ANI scoring system may be used for the estimation of alcoholic origin of steatosis/steatohepatitis and may help in triaging patients for liver biopsy. ANI less than -0.66 indicates NAFLD, whereas ANI greater than -0.66 confirms the alcoholic etiology, but does not exclude the contribution of associated factors toward the development of fatty liver in a Serbian population.
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Ragunathan-Thangarajah N, Le Beller C, Boutouyrie P, Bassez G, Gherardi RK, Laurent S, Authier FJ. Distinctive clinical features in arthro-myalgic patients with and without aluminum hydroxyde-induced macrophagic myofasciitis: an exploratory study. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 128:262-6. [PMID: 23921285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is a specific histological lesion assessing the persistence of vaccine-derived aluminum oxyhydroxide in muscle tissue, at a site of previous immunization. Long-lasting MMF is usually detected in patients with arthromyalgias, chronic fatigue, and stereotyped cognitive dysfunction. MMF diagnosis requires muscle biopsy, an invasive procedure not suitable for the routine investigation of all patients with musculoskeletal pain. To help decision making in routine practice, we designed a retrospective analysis of 130 consecutive arthro-myalgic patients, previously immunized with aluminum-containing vaccines, in whom deltoid muscle biopsy was performed for diagnostic purposes. According to biopsy results, the patients were ascribed to either the MMF or the non-MMF group. MMF was diagnosed in 32.3% of the patients. MMF and non-MMF groups were similar according to both the injected vaccines and the delay between vaccination and biopsy. MMF patients had less frequent fibromyalgia than non-MMF patients (≥11 fibromyalgic tender points in 16.6 vs 55.5%, p < 0.04), and more often abnormal evoked potentials suggestive of CNS demyelination (38.5 vs 5.7%, p < 0.01). Predictive bioclinical scores based on simple variables such as the number of fibromyalgic tender points, arthralgias, and spinal pain, had sensitivity ranging from 50 to 88.1% and specificity from 36.4 to 76.1%. IN CONCLUSION (i) most aluminum-containing vaccine receivers do not have long-lasting MMF in their muscle, but the prevalence of MMF among patients with arthromyalgia following immunization is substantial; (ii) patients with MMF have more CNS dysfunction and less fibromyalgic tender points than non-MMF patients; (iii) predictive scores may help to identify patients at high vs low risk of MMF.
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The effect of etanercept on hepatic fibrosis risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and psoriasis. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:839-46. [PMID: 23065020 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psoriasis show a greater prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome than the general population. Moreover, patients with NAFLD and psoriasis are at higher risk of severe liver fibrosis than their counterparts with NAFLD and without psoriasis. The link between these three pathological conditions is a chronic low-grade inflammatory status. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of etanercept versus psoralen and UVA (PUVA) therapy on the hepatic fibrosis risk in patients with psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD (with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography). METHODS Eighty-nine patients with chronic moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD received etanercept or PUVA treatment. The two groups of patients were compared for anthropometric variables (body mass index and waist/hip ratio), lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory status, risk of hepatic fibrosis, and ultrasonographic aspect of the liver, both at baseline (time [T] 0) and after 24 weeks of treatment (T24). RESULTS After 24 weeks of treatment, only in the group receiving etanercept, we detected significant reductions (p < 0.05) in the aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels, fasting insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and a significant increase in the Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with psoriasis, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD, the risk of the development of hepatic fibrosis seems to be directly correlated with insulin resistance. Etanercept could be more efficacious to reduce the risk of developing hepatic fibrosis than PUVA therapy, and this preventive effect could be related to its anti-inflammatory and glucose homeostatic properties. We note that a limitation of the study was that the diagnosis of NAFLD was conducted by ultrasonography.
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Ferolla SM, Ferrari TCA, Lima MLP, Reis TO, Tavares WC, Couto OFM, Vidigal PVT, Fausto MA, Couto CA. Dietary patterns in Brazilian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:11-7. [PMID: 23420151 PMCID: PMC3552450 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(01)oa03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with diet. Our aim was to investigate the dietary patterns of a Brazilian population with this condition and compare them with the recommended diet. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients before any dietetic counseling. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasound, biochemical tests, dietary evaluations, and anthropometric evaluations. Their food intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall. RESULTS The median patient age was 53 years, and 77% of the individuals were women. Most (67.7%) participants were obese, and a large waist circumference was observed in 80.2% subjects. Almost 70% of the participants had metabolic syndrome, and 62.3% presented evidence of either insulin resistance or overt diabetes. Most patients (51.5, 58.5, and 61.7%, respectively) exceeded the recommendations for energy intake, as well as total and saturated fat. All patients consumed less than the amount of recommended monounsaturated fatty acids, and 52.1 and 76.6% of them consumed less polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber, respectively, than recommended. In most patients, the calcium, sodium, potassium, pyridoxine, and vitamin C intake did not meet the recommendations, and in 10.5-15.5% of individuals, the tolerable upper limit intake for sodium was exceeded. The patients presented a significantly high intake of meats, fats, sugars, legumes (beans), and vegetables and a low consumption of cereals, fruits, and dairy products compared with the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Although patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exhibited high energy and lipid consumption, most of them had inadequate intake of some micronutrients. The possible role of nutrient-deficient intake in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marinho Ferolla
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, University Hospital, Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
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Long-term effects of aerobic plus resistance training on the adipokines and neuropeptides in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease obese adolescents. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24:1313-24. [PMID: 22932160 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32835793ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of aerobic training (AT) with aerobic plus resistance training (AT+RT) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) obese adolescents. DESIGN Long-term interdisciplinary weight-loss therapy (1 year of clinical, nutritional, psychological, and exercise-related intervention). PARTICIPANTS Fifty-eight postpubertal obese adolescents were randomized to AT or AT+RT according to NAFLD diagnosis. Adipokine and neuropeptide concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, visceral fat by ultrasound, and body composition by plethysmography. RESULTS The NAFLD group that followed the AT+RT protocol presented lower insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and alanine transaminase (ALT) values after intervention compared with AT. It was verified that there was a higher magnitude of change in the subcutaneous fat, glycemia, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ALT, and adiponectin in response to AT+RT than in the control group (AT). All patients who underwent the AT+RT exhibited significantly higher adiponectin, leptin, and Δadiponectin and lower melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) concentrations after therapy compared with the AT group. In the simple linear regression analysis, changes in glycemia, insulin, and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of significant improvement in adiponectin concentration. Indeed, ΔAST (aspartate transaminase) and ΔGGT (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) were independent predictors of ΔALT, while Δfat mass and ΔAgRP (agouti-related protein) were independent predictors of ΔMCH. Although the number of patients was limited, we showed for the first time the positive effects of AT+RT protocol in a long-term interdisciplinary therapy to improve inflammatory biomarkers and to reduce orexigenic neuropeptide concentrations in NAFLD obese adolescents. CONCLUSION The long-term interdisciplinary therapy with AT+RT protocol was more effective in significantly improving noninvasive biomarkers of NAFLD that are associated with the highest risk of disease progression in the pediatric population.
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Wang L, Meng X, Zhang F. Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2012; 15:495-503. [PMID: 22551412 PMCID: PMC3338106 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of raspberry ketone against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was tested by using a high-fat diet-induced NASH model, and its mechanism was explored. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats with a 1:1 male to female ratio were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control (NC) group (n=8) fed normal diet for 8 weeks, the model control (MC) group (n=8) fed high-fat diet (82% standard diet, 8.3% yolk powder, 9.0% lard, 0.5% cholesterol, and 0.2% sodium taurocholate), and the raspberry ketone low-dose (0.5%) (RKL) group (n=8), the raspberry ketone middle-dose (1%) (RKM) group (n=8), and the raspberry ketone high-dose (2%) (RKH) group (n=8) fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks. After 8 weeks of experiment, all the rats were sacrificed, and blood lipid parameters (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), liver function parameters (serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), leptin (LEP), free fatty acid (FFA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), blood glucose (GLU), and insulin (INS) with calculated INS resistance index (IRI) and INS-sensitive index (ISI) were measured in rats. Therefore, we determined the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activity in liver homogenate and the levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponection (APN), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). The liver tissues of rats in each group were imaged by electron microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin as the staining agent. The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, INS, IRI, FFA, LEP, TNF-α, MDA, and hs-CRP of MC rats were significantly increased (P<.05, P<.01). Therefore, the levels of HDL-C, ISI, PPAR-α, LDLR, and APN were significantly decreased (P<.05, P<.01). Compared with the MC group, each parameter in the RKL, RKM, and RKH groups was significantly improved (P<.05, P<.01). Thus raspberry ketone was an effective intervention for NASH in rats. It was believed that raspberry ketone had a dual effect of liver protection and fat reduction, and the mechanism was probably mediated by alleviation of fatty degeneration of liver cells, decreased liver inflammation, correction of dyslipidemia, reversal of LEP and INS resistance, and improved antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Shenyang Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Shenyang Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Tian GX, Sun Y, Pang CJ, Tan AH, Gao Y, Zhang HY, Yang XB, Li ZX, Mo ZN. Oestradiol is a protective factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy men. Obes Rev 2012; 13:381-7. [PMID: 22239319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Visceral fat is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A reduction in sex hormones is associated with increased abdominal fat. Thus, we investigated whether reduced testosterone (T) or oestradiol (E2) levels in men are associated with NAFLD and central obesity. The study involved a survey of 1,882 men between 20 and 60 years of age. We detected hepatic fat infiltration by ultrasound. Early morning serum was analyzed for total testosterone (TT), E2, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Free testosterone (FT) was calculated using the Vermeulen method. In the studied population, the prevalence of NAFLD, FSH, LH and SHBG increased with age, TT and FT declined with age, and E2 remained stable. However, in the NAFLD group, TT remained stable, FT and E2 declined, and hepatic fat infiltration increased (P < 0.001 for both). Using multivariate analysis, a correlation was found between E2 and NAFLD, with an odds ratio of 0.954 (95% confidence interval: 0.946-0.967). E2 is one of the protective factors against NAFLD in healthy men. T has no significant correlation with NAFLD. Further investigation would be required to assess the clinical consequences of reduced E2 in men with NAFLD, particularly for men whose TT remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-X Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Tamaki N, Ueno H, Morinaga Y, Shiiya T, Nakazato M. Ezetimibe Ameliorates Atherosclerotic and Inflammatory Markers, Atherogenic Lipid Profiles, Insulin Sensitivity, and Liver Dysfunction in Japanese Patients with Hypercholesterolemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:532-8. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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