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Previdi A, Jordan P, Egloff C, Coussement A, Ahmed-Eli S, Tudal L, Bienvenu T, Picone O, Dupont JM. Prenatal diagnosis of a 15q24.1 microdeletion in a fetus with cerebral and urogenital abnormalities. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 39012202 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
15q24.1 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described condition often resulting from non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Typical clinical features include pre and post-natal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay and intellectual disability. Nonspecific urogenital, skeletal, and digit abnormalities may be present, although other congenital malformations are less frequent. Consequently, only one case was reported prenatally, complicating the genotype-phenotype correlation and the genetic counseling. We identified prenatally a second case, presenting with cerebral abnormalities including hydrocephaly, macrocephaly, cerebellum hypoplasia, vermis hypoplasia, rhombencephalosynapsis, right kidney agenesis with left kidney duplication and micropenis. Genome-wide aCGH assay allowed a diagnosis at 26 weeks of amenorrhea revealing a 1.6 Mb interstitial deletion on the long arm of chromosome 15 at 15q24.1-q24.2 (arr[GRCh37] 15q24.1q24.2(74,399,112_76,019,966)x1). A deep review of the literature was undertaken to further delineate the prenatal clinical features and the candidate genes involved in the phenotype. Cerebral malformations are typically nonspecific, but microcephaly appears to be the most frequent in postnatal cases. Our case is the first reported with a frank cerebellar involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïk Previdi
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Jordan
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Charles Egloff
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Aurélie Coussement
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Samira Ahmed-Eli
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Laure Tudal
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- AP-HP.Nord-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Colombes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dupont
- APHP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Site Hôpital Cochin, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Paris, France
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2
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Stefanyshyn V, Sheiko M, Pyantkovska N, Stetsyuk R, Pokhylko V, Fishchuk L, Rossokha Z. Combination of 15q24 Microdeletion Syndrome and Metabolic Imbalance in a Patient with Atypical Autism. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:1. [PMID: 38180598 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in children are becoming increasingly common, reaching epidemic proportions. Among the various causes contributing to the development of ASD, the leading place belongs to both chromosomal pathologies and genetic syndromes and their consequence - metabolic imbalance or severe metabolic disorders. Depending on the degree of metabolic pathway damage, certain phenotypes of ASD are formed. A deletion of ~3.1 Mb of chromosome 15q24 was detected in the examined 2-year-old boy with a "mild phenotype" of autism without an obvious delay in mental development. A wide range of additional studies included genetic testing of folate metabolism genes and analysis of metabolites of the methylation cycle and detection of antibodies to folic acid alpha receptors. A heterozygous variant of the MTHFR gene (rs1801133), moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, hypermethylation, and an increased titer of antibodies to alpha receptors of folic acid were revealed in the patient. This clinical case indicates the need for a multifaceted clinical and laboratory examination in children with ASD to identify the metabolic phenotype and prescribe personalized treatment. A personalized treatment strategy will improve the cognitive functions, psycho-emotional state, and social adaptation of individuals with ASD in the long term."
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liliia Fishchuk
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
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Hickman AR, Selee B, Pauly R, Husain B, Hang Y, Feltus FA. Discovery of eQTL Alleles Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3595-3612. [PMID: 35739433 PMCID: PMC10465380 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication as well as repetitive or restrictive behaviors. Many genetic associations with ASD have been identified, but most associations occur in a fraction of the ASD population. Here, we searched for eQTL-associated DNA variants with significantly different allele distributions between ASD-affected and control. Thirty significant DNA variants associated with 174 tissue-specific eQTLs from ASD individuals in the SPARK project were identified. Several significant variants fell within brain-specific regulatory regions or had been associated with a significant change in gene expression in the brain. These eQTLs are a new class of biomarkers that could control the myriad of brain and non-brain phenotypic traits seen in ASD-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Hickman
- Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Bradley Selee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Rini Pauly
- Biomedical Data Science & Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Benafsh Husain
- Biomedical Data Science & Informatics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Yuqing Hang
- Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Frank Alex Feltus
- Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
- Biosystems Research Complex, 302C, 105 Collings St, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
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4
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Paganoni AJJ, Amoruso F, Porta Pelayo J, Calleja-Pérez B, Vezzoli V, Duminuco P, Caramello A, Oleari R, Fernández-Jaén A, Cariboni A. A Novel Loss-of-Function SEMA3E Mutation in a Patient with Severe Intellectual Disability and Cognitive Regression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5632. [PMID: 35628442 PMCID: PMC9143429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurological disorder arising from early neurodevelopmental defects. The underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms are complex, but are thought to involve, among others, alterations in genes implicated in axon guidance and/or neural circuit formation as demonstrated by studies on mouse models. Here, by combining exome sequencing with in silico analyses, we identified a patient affected by severe ID and cognitive regression, carrying a novel loss-of-function variant in the semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E) gene, which encodes for a key secreted cue that controls mouse brain development. By performing ad hoc in vitro and ex vivo experiments, we found that the identified variant impairs protein secretion and hampers the binding to both embryonic mouse neuronal cells and tissues. Further, we revealed SEMA3E expression during human brain development. Overall, our findings demonstrate the pathogenic impact of the identified SEMA3E variant and provide evidence that clinical neurological features of the patient might be due to a defective SEMA3E signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. J. Paganoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.J.J.P.); (F.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Federica Amoruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.J.J.P.); (F.A.); (R.O.)
| | | | | | - Valeria Vezzoli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Paolo Duminuco
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Alessia Caramello
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.J.J.P.); (F.A.); (R.O.)
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.J.J.P.); (F.A.); (R.O.)
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Gao H, Cui W, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 15q24 microdeletion in pediatric patients with developmental disorders. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:57. [PMID: 34922566 PMCID: PMC8684056 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion is a rare genetic disorder characterized by development delay, facial dysmorphism, congenital malformations, and occasional autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we identified five cases of 15q24 microdeletion using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology in a cohort of patients with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability. Two of these five cases had deletions that overlapped with the previously defined 1.1 Mb region observed in most reported cases. Two cases had smaller deletions (< 0.57 Mb) in the 15q24.1 low copy repeat (LCR) B-C region. They presented significant neurobehavioral features, suggesting that this smaller interval is critical for core phenotypes of 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. One case had minimal homozygous deletion of less than 0.11 Mb in the 15q24.1 LCR B-C region, which contained CYP1A1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1) and EDC3 (enhancer of mRNA decapping 3) genes, resulting in poor immunity, severe laryngeal stridor, and lower limbs swelling. This study provides additional evidence of 15q24 microdeletion syndrome with genetic and clinical findings. The results will be of significance to pediatricians in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiming Gao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanting Cui
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Bijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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Lo YH, Cheng HC, Hsiung CN, Yang SL, Wang HY, Peng CW, Chen CY, Lin KP, Kang ML, Chen CH, Chu HW, Lin CF, Lee MH, Liu Q, Satta Y, Lin CJ, Lin M, Chaw SM, Loo JH, Shen CY, Ko WY. Detecting Genetic Ancestry and Adaptation in the Taiwanese Han People. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4149-4165. [PMID: 33170928 PMCID: PMC8476137 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Taiwanese people are composed of diverse indigenous populations and the Taiwanese Han. About 95% of the Taiwanese identify themselves as Taiwanese Han, but this may not be a homogeneous population because they migrated to the island from various regions of continental East Asia over a period of 400 years. Little is known about the underlying patterns of genetic ancestry, population admixture, and evolutionary adaptation in the Taiwanese Han people. Here, we analyzed the whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data from 14,401 individuals of Taiwanese Han collected by the Taiwan Biobank and the whole-genome sequencing data for a subset of 772 people. We detected four major genetic ancestries with distinct geographic distributions (i.e., Northern, Southeastern, Japonic, and Island Southeast Asian ancestries) and signatures of population mixture contributing to the genomes of Taiwanese Han. We further scanned for signatures of positive natural selection that caused unusually long-range haplotypes and elevations of hitchhiked variants. As a result, we identified 16 candidate loci in which selection signals can be unambiguously localized at five single genes: CTNNA2, LRP1B, CSNK1G3, ASTN2, and NEO1. Statistical associations were examined in 16 metabolic-related traits to further elucidate the functional effects of each candidate gene. All five genes appear to have pleiotropic connections to various types of disease susceptibility and significant associations with at least one metabolic-related trait. Together, our results provide critical insights for understanding the evolutionary history and adaption of the Taiwanese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Lo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chien Cheng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Show-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Peng
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ping Lin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Kang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quintin Liu
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Satta
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Miaw Chaw
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hun Loo
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Ko
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Mosley TJ, Johnston HR, Cutler DJ, Zwick ME, Mulle JG. Sex-specific recombination patterns predict parent of origin for recurrent genomic disorders. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:154. [PMID: 34107974 PMCID: PMC8190997 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural rearrangements of the genome, which generally occur during meiosis and result in large-scale (> 1 kb) copy number variants (CNV; deletions or duplications ≥ 1 kb), underlie genomic disorders. Recurrent pathogenic CNVs harbor similar breakpoints in multiple unrelated individuals and are primarily formed via non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Several pathogenic NAHR-mediated recurrent CNV loci demonstrate biases for parental origin of de novo CNVs. However, the mechanism underlying these biases is not well understood. METHODS We performed a systematic, comprehensive literature search to curate parent of origin data for multiple pathogenic CNV loci. Using a regression framework, we assessed the relationship between parental CNV origin and the male to female recombination rate ratio. RESULTS We demonstrate significant association between sex-specific differences in meiotic recombination and parental origin biases at these loci (p = 1.07 × 10-14). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that parental origin of CNVs is largely influenced by sex-specific recombination rates and highlight the need to consider these differences when investigating mechanisms that cause structural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenell J Mosley
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Building Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - H Richard Johnston
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Building Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Building Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Building Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Building Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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8
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Inoue N, Nishizumi H, Ooyama R, Mogi K, Nishimori K, Kikusui T, Sakano H. The olfactory critical period is determined by activity-dependent Sema7A/PlxnC1 signaling within glomeruli. eLife 2021; 10:65078. [PMID: 33780330 PMCID: PMC8007213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, early exposure to environmental odors affects social behaviors later in life. A signaling molecule, Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A), is induced in the odor-responding olfactory sensory neurons. Plexin C1 (PlxnC1), a receptor for Sema7A, is expressed in mitral/tufted cells, whose dendrite-localization is restricted to the first week after birth. Sema7A/PlxnC1 signaling promotes post-synaptic events and dendrite selection in mitral/tufted cells, resulting in glomerular enlargement that causes an increase in sensitivity to the experienced odor. Neonatal odor experience also induces positive responses to the imprinted odor. Knockout and rescue experiments indicate that oxytocin in neonates is responsible for imposing positive quality on imprinted memory. In the oxytocin knockout mice, the sensitivity to the imprinted odor increases, but positive responses cannot be promoted, indicating that Sema7A/PlxnC1 signaling and oxytocin separately function. These results give new insights into our understanding of olfactory imprinting during the neonatal critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Inoue
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizumi
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan
| | - Rumi Ooyama
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan
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9
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Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a chromosome 15q24 microdeletion. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:432-436. [PMID: 32416893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis, molecular cytogenetic characterization and genetic counseling of a chromosome 15q24 microdeletion of paternal origin. CASE REPORT A 34-year-old primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on amniotic fluid revealed a de novo 2.571-Mb microdeletion of 15q24.1-q24.2. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable except persistent left superior vena cava and enlarged coronary sinus. The woman requested repeat amniocentesis at 22 weeks of gestation, and aCGH analysis confirmed the result of arr 15q24.1q24.2 (72,963,970-75,535,330) × 1.0 [GRCh37 (hg19)] and a 15q24 microdeletion encompassing the genes of STRA6, CYP11A1, SEMA7A, ARID3B, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CSK and CPLX3. The parents did not have such a deletion, and polymorphic DNA marker analysis confirmed a paternal origin of the de novo deletion. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed a 15q24 deletion. The parents elected to terminate the pregnancy, and a malformed fetus was delivered with characteristic facial dysmorphism. CONCLUSION Simultaneous aCGH analysis of uncultured amniocytes at amniocentesis may help to detect rare de novo microdeletion disorders.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zarrei M, Dong R, Yang X, Zhao D, Scherer SW, Gai Z. Refining critical regions in 15q24 microdeletion syndrome pertaining to autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:217-226. [PMID: 31953991 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, hearing loss, hypotonia, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations including microcephaly, scoliosis, joint laxity, digital anomalies, as well as sometimes having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Here, we report a boy with a 2.58-Mb de novo deletion at chromosome 15q24. He is diagnosed with ASD and having multiple phenotypes similar to those reported in cases having 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. To delineate the critical genes and region that might be responsible for these phenotypes, we reviewed all previously published cases. We observe a potential minimum critical region of 650 kb (LCR15q24A-B) affecting NEO1 among other genes that might pertinent to individuals with ASD carrying this deletion. In contrast, a previously defined minimum critical region downstream of the 650-kb interval (LCR15q24B-D) is more likely associated with the developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, recurrent infection, and other congenital malformations. As a result, the ASD phenotype in this individual is potentially attributed by genes particularly NEO1 within the newly proposed critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Pediatric Health Care Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250022, China
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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11
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Denisova K. Failure to attune to language predicts autism in high risk infants. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2019; 194:109-120. [PMID: 31133435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Young humans are typically sensitive to evolutionarily important aspects of information in the surrounding environment in a way that makes us thrive. Seeking to probe the putative disruptions of this process in infancy, I examined the statistical character of head movements in 52 9-10 mo-old infants, half at high familial risk (HR) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), who underwent an fMRI scan while listening to words spoken with alternating stress patterns on syllables. Relative to low risk (LR) infants, HR infants, in particular those showing the least rapid receptive language progress, had significantly lower noise-to-signal levels and increased symmetry. A comparison of patterns during a native language and a sleep scan revealed the most atypical ordering of signatures on the 3 tasks in a subset of HR infants, suggesting that the biological mechanism of language development is least acquisitive in those HR infants who go on to develop ASD in toddlerhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Denisova
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Ansar M, Riazuddin S, Sarwar MT, Makrythanasis P, Paracha SA, Iqbal Z, Khan J, Assir MZ, Hussain M, Razzaq A, Polla DL, Taj AS, Holmgren A, Batool N, Misceo D, Iwaszkiewicz J, de Brouwer APM, Guipponi M, Hanquinet S, Zoete V, Santoni FA, Frengen E, Ahmed J, Riazuddin S, van Bokhoven H, Antonarakis SE. Biallelic variants in LINGO1 are associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability, microcephaly, speech and motor delay. Genet Med 2017; 20:778-784. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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13
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Reilly J, Gallagher L, Chen JL, Leader G, Shen S. Bio-collections in autism research. Mol Autism 2017; 8:34. [PMID: 28702161 PMCID: PMC5504648 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse clinical manifestations and symptoms. In the last 10 years, there have been significant advances in understanding the genetic basis for ASD, critically supported through the establishment of ASD bio-collections and application in research. Here, we summarise a selection of major ASD bio-collections and their associated findings. Collectively, these include mapping ASD candidate genes, assessing the nature and frequency of gene mutations and their association with ASD clinical subgroups, insights into related molecular pathways such as the synapses, chromatin remodelling, transcription and ASD-related brain regions. We also briefly review emerging studies on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to potentially model ASD in culture. These provide deeper insight into ASD progression during development and could generate human cell models for drug screening. Finally, we provide perspectives concerning the utilities of ASD bio-collections and limitations, and highlight considerations in setting up a new bio-collection for ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Reilly
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, BioMedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James Hospital Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - June L Chen
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Geraldine Leader
- Irish Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Research (ICAN), Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, BioMedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
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14
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Ahram DF, Al-Sarraj Y, Taha RZ, Elhag SF, Al-Shaban FA, El-Shanti H, Kambouris M. A chromosomal microdeletion of 15q in a female patient with epilepsy, ID, and autism spectrum disorder: a case report. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1013-1017. [PMID: 28588858 PMCID: PMC5457985 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
15q deletions have been described in association with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous reports have supported the role of 15q24 low copy repeats (LCRs) in mediating alternatively sized genomic rearrangements. Based on our reported finding of a 15q24 deletion coinciding with two LCR regions in a patient with epilepsy and ASD, we recommend that patients with 15q24 deletions be evaluated for ASD for early institution of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina F Ahram
- Division of Nephrology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York City New York
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- Medical Genetics Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar
| | - Rowaida Z Taha
- Medical Genetics Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar
| | - Saba F Elhag
- Medical Genetics Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar
| | - Fouad A Al-Shaban
- Medical Genetics Center Qatar Biomedical Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar
| | - Hatem El-Shanti
- Pediatrics University of Jordan Amman Jordan.,Pediatrics University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Marios Kambouris
- Pathology-Genetics Sidra Medical and Research Center Doha Qatar.,Genetics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut
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15
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NEIL1 is a candidate gene associated with common variable immunodeficiency in a patient with a chromosome 15q24 deletion. Clin Immunol 2017; 176:71-76. [PMID: 28093361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first patient with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24.1-q24.3 associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The 18-year old female patient's clinical and immunological phenotype was compared with 8 additional previously published patients with chr15q24 deletions. A CGH analysis estimated the deletion to be 3.767Mb in size (chr15: 74,410,916-78,178,418) and the result was confirmed using qRT-PCR. We defined an immune-related commonly deleted region (ICDR) within the chromosomal band 15q24.2, deleted in all four patients with different forms of antibody deficiencies. Mutations in the 14 genes within this ICDR were not identified in the remaining allele in our patient by WES and gene expression analyses showed haploinsufficiency of all the genes. Among these genes, we consider Nei Like DNA Glycosylase 1 (NEIL1) as a likely candidate gene due to its crucial role in B-cell activation and terminal differentiation.
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16
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Firouzabadi SG, Kariminejad R, Vameghi R, Darvish H, Ghaedi H, Banihashemi S, Firouzkouhi Moghaddam M, Jamali P, Mofidi Tehrani HF, Dehghani H, Narooie-Nejad M, Jamshidi J, Tafakhori A, Sadabadi S, Najmabadi H, Behjati F. Copy Number Variants in Patients with Autism and Additional Clinical Features: Report of VIPR2 Duplication and a Novel Microduplication Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7019-7027. [PMID: 27796743 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder estimated to affect 1 in 68 children. Many studies have shown the role of copy number variants (CNVs) as a major contributor in the etiology of autism with the overall detection rate of about 10-15 % and over 20 % when syndromic forms of autism exist. In this study, we used array CGH to identify CNVs in 15 Iranian patients with autism. To elevate our diagnostic yield, we selected the sporadic patients who had additional clinical features including intellectual disability (ID), craniofacial anomaly, and seizure. Six out of 15 patients showed clinically relevant CNVs including pathogenic and likely pathogenic copy number gains or losses. We report a novel gene duplication syndrome (10q21.2q21.3 microduplication) and present a new evidence for VIPR2 duplication, as a candidate gene for autism. Furthermore, we describe the first manifesting carrier female with deletion of SLC6A8 and BCAP31 genes on Xq28. Our findings suggest that there might be a higher prevalence of clinically significant CNVs in patients with autism and additional clinical manifestations. The CNV analysis in such patients could lead to the discovery of novel syndromes as well as unraveling the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Banihashemi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Firouzkouhi Moghaddam
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Research Center for Children and Adolescents Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Dehghani
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Narooie-Nejad
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Sadabadi
- Bahar Education and Rehabilitation Center for the handicapped, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Behjati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Cáceres A, Esko T, Pappa I, Gutiérrez A, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Llop S, Bustamante M, Tiemeier H, Metspalu A, Joshi PK, Wilsonx JF, Reina-Castillón J, Shin J, Pausova Z, Paus T, Sunyer J, Pérez-Jurado LA, González JR. Ancient Haplotypes at the 15q24.2 Microdeletion Region Are Linked to Brain Expression of MAN2C1 and Children's Intelligence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157739. [PMID: 27355585 PMCID: PMC4927142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosome bands 15q24.1-15q24.3 contain a complex region with numerous segmental duplications that predispose to regional microduplications and microdeletions, both of which have been linked to intellectual disability, speech delay and autistic features. The region may also harbour common inversion polymorphisms whose functional and phenotypic manifestations are unknown. Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we detected four large contiguous haplotype-genotypes at 15q24 with Mendelian inheritance in 2,562 trios, African origin, high population stratification and reduced recombination rates. Although the haplotype-genotypes have been most likely generated by decreased or absent recombination among them, we could not confirm that they were the product of inversion polymorphisms in the region. One of the blocks was composed of three haplotype-genotypes (N1a, N1b and N2), which significantly correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ) in 2,735 children of European ancestry from three independent population cohorts. Homozygosity for N2 was associated with lower verbal IQ (2.4-point loss, p-value = 0.01), while homozygosity for N1b was associated with 3.2-point loss in non-verbal IQ (p-value = 0.0006). The three alleles strongly correlated with expression levels of MAN2C1 and SNUPN in blood and brain. Homozygosity for N2 correlated with over-expression of MAN2C1 over many brain areas but the occipital cortex where N1b homozygous highly under-expressed. Our population-based analyses suggest that MAN2C1 may contribute to the verbal difficulties observed in microduplications and to the intellectual disability of microdeletion syndromes, whose characteristic dosage increment and removal may affect different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cáceres
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AC); (JRG)
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Gutiérrez
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - James F. Wilsonx
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Judith Reina-Castillón
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Jurado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. González
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- * E-mail: (AC); (JRG)
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18
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Siu WK, Lam CW, Mak CM, Lau ETK, Tang MHY, Tang WF, Poon-Mak RSM, Lee CC, Hung SF, Leung PWL, Kwong KL, Yau EKC, Ng GSF, Fong NC, Chan KY. Diagnostic yield of array CGH in patients with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:18. [PMID: 27271878 PMCID: PMC4896892 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal microarray offers superior sensitivity for identification of submicroscopic copy number variants (CNV) and it is advocated to be the first tier genetic testing for patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this regard, diagnostic yield of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for ASD patients is determined in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong. Methods A combined adult and paediatric cohort of 68 Chinese ASD patients (41 patients in adult group and 27 patients in paediatric group). The genomic DNA extracted from blood samples were analysed by array CGH using NimbleGen CGX-135K oligonucleotide array. Results We identified 15 CNV and eight of them were clinically significant. The overall diagnostic yield was 11.8 %. Five clinically significant CNV were detected in the adult group and three were in the paediatric group, providing diagnostic yields of 12.2 and 11.1 % respectively. The most frequently detected CNV was 16p13.11 duplications which were present in 4 patients (5.9 % of the cohort). Conclusions In this study, a satisfactory diagnostic yield of array CGH was demonstrated in a Chinese ASD patient cohort which supported the clinical usefulness of array CGH as the first line testing of ASD in Hong Kong. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40169-016-0098-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kwan Siu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chloe Miu Mak
- Kowloon West Cluster Laboratory Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elizabeth Tak-Kwong Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary Hoi-Yin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Fai Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chi-Chiu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Se-Fong Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Karen Ling Kwong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Kin-Cheong Yau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Sui-Fun Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nai-Chung Fong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Deng HZ, You C, Xing Y, Chen KY, Zou XB. A Family-Based Association Study of CYP11A1 and CYP11B1 Gene Polymorphisms With Autism in Chinese Trios. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:733-7. [PMID: 26690694 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815620672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with the higher prevalence in males. Our previous studies have indicated lower progesterone levels in the children with autism spectrum disorder, suggesting involvement of the cytochrome P-450scc gene (CYP11A1) and cytochrome P-45011beta gene (CYP11B1) as candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the family-based genetic association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2279357 in the CYP11A1 gene and rs4534 and rs4541 in the CYP11B1 gene and autism spectrum disorder in Chinese children, which were selected according to the location in the coding region and 5' and 3' regions and minor allele frequencies of greater than 0.05 in the Chinese populations. The transmission disequilibrium test and case-control association analyses were performed in 100 Chinese Han autism spectrum disorder family trios. The genotype and allele frequency of the 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms had no statistical difference between the children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents (P> .05). Transmission disequilibrium test analysis showed transmission disequilibrium of CYP11A1 gene rs2279357 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (χ(2)= 5.038,P< .001). Our findings provide further support for the hypothesis that a susceptibility gene for autism spectrum disorder exists within or near the CYP11A1 gene in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhu Deng
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Equal contributors
| | - Cong You
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Equal contributors
| | - Yu Xing
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zou
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Unmasking a novel disease gene NEO1 associated with autism spectrum disorders by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 15 and a functional polymorphism. Behav Brain Res 2016; 300:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Palazón-Bru A, Ramírez-Prado D, Cortés E, Aguilar-Segura MS, Gil-Guillén VF. An inferential study of the phenotype for the chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome: a bootstrap analysis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1641. [PMID: 26925314 PMCID: PMC4768676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2012, a review of the cases of chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome was published. However, this study did not include inferential statistics. The aims of the present study were to update the literature search and calculate confidence intervals for the prevalence of each phenotype using bootstrap methodology. Published case reports of patients with the syndrome that included detailed information about breakpoints and phenotype were sought and 36 were included. Deletions in megabase (Mb) pairs were determined to calculate the size of the interstitial deletion of the phenotypes studied in 2012. To determine confidence intervals for the prevalence of the phenotype and the interstitial loss, we used bootstrap methodology. Using the bootstrap percentiles method, we found wide variability in the prevalence of the different phenotypes (3–100%). The mean interstitial deletion size was 2.72 Mb (95% CI [2.35–3.10 Mb]). In comparison with our work, which expanded the literature search by 45 months, there were differences in the prevalence of 17% of the phenotypes, indicating that more studies are needed to analyze this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palazón-Bru
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Research Unit, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dolores Ramírez-Prado
- Clinical Analysis Department, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain; Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ernesto Cortés
- Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University , San Juan de Alicante, Alicante , Spain
| | - María Soledad Aguilar-Segura
- Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Department, Miguel Hernández University , San Juan de Alicante, Alicante , Spain
| | - Vicente Francisco Gil-Guillén
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Research Unit, Elda Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Andrews JL, Fernandez-Enright F. A decade from discovery to therapy: Lingo-1, the dark horse in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:97-114. [PMID: 26143511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein (Lingo-1) is a potent negative regulator of neuron and oligodendrocyte survival, neurite extension, axon regeneration, oligodendrocyte differentiation, axonal myelination and functional recovery; all processes highly implicated in numerous brain-related functions. Although playing a major role in developmental brain functions, the potential application of Lingo-1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders has so far been under-estimated. A number of preclinical studies have shown that various methods of antagonizing Lingo-1 results in neuronal and oligodendroglial survival, axonal growth and remyelination; however to date literature has only detailed applications of Lingo-1 targeted therapeutics with a focus primarily on myelination disorders such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury; omitting important information regarding Lingo-1 signaling co-factors. Here, we provide for the first time a complete and thorough review of the implications of Lingo-1 signaling in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and critically examine its potential as a novel therapeutic target for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Andrews
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia.
| | - Francesca Fernandez-Enright
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, 405 Liverpool St, Darlinghurst 2010, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Plexin-B3 suppresses excitatory and promotes inhibitory synapse formation in rat hippocampal neurons. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:269-78. [PMID: 25989221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity have become one of the main topics in neurobiology. Increasing evidence suggests that axon guidance molecules including semaphorins and plexins participate in synapse formation and elimination. Although class B plexins are widely expressed in the brain, their role in the nervous system remains poorly characterized. We previously identified that B-plexins modulate microtubule dynamics and through this impact dendrite growth in rat hippocampal neurons. Here, we demonstrate that Plexin-B2 and Plexin-B3 are present in dendrites, but do not localize in synapses. We find that overexpression of all B-plexins leads to decreased volume of excitatory synapses, and at the same time Plexin-B1 and Plexin-B3 promote inhibitory synapse assembly. Plexin-B3 mutants revealed that these processes use different downstream pathways. While elimination of excitatory synapses is the result of Plexin-B3 binding to microtubule end binding proteins EB1 and EB3, the increase in inhibitory synapses is mediated by regulation of Ras and Rho GTPases. Overall, our findings demonstrate that Plexin-B3 contributes to regulating synapse formation.
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Disruption of Src Is Associated with Phenotypes Related to Williams-Beuren Syndrome and Altered Cellular Localization of TFII-I. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0016-14. [PMID: 26464974 PMCID: PMC4596087 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0016-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is expressed widely throughout the central nervous system and is involved in diverse biological functions. Mice homozygous for a spontaneous mutation in Src (Src (thl/thl) ) exhibited hypersociability and hyperactivity along with impairments in visuospatial, amygdala-dependent, and motor learning as well as an increased startle response to loud tones. The phenotype of Src (thl/thl) mice showed significant overlap with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a disorder caused by the deletion of several genes, including General Transcription Factor 2-I (GTF2I). Src phosphorylation regulates the movement of GTF2I protein (TFII-I) between the nucleus, where it is a transcriptional activator, and the cytoplasm, where it regulates trafficking of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3 (TRPC3) subunits to the plasma membrane. Here, we demonstrate altered cellular localization of both TFII-I and TRPC3 in the Src mutants, suggesting that disruption of Src can phenocopy behavioral phenotypes observed in WBS through its regulation of TFII-I.
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Inherited 15q24 microdeletion syndrome in twins and their father with phenotypic variability. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Abnormal cortical circuits underlie some cognitive and psychiatric disorders, yet the molecular signals that generate normal cortical networks remain poorly understood. Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is an atypical member of the semaphorin family that is GPI-linked, expressed principally postnatally, and enriched in sensory cortex. Significantly, SEMA7A is deleted in individuals with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, characterized by developmental delay, autism, and sensory perceptual deficits. We studied the role that Sema7A plays in establishing functional cortical circuitry in mouse somatosensory barrel cortex. We found that Sema7A is expressed in spiny stellate cells and GABAergic interneurons and that its absence disrupts barrel cytoarchitecture, reduces asymmetrical orientation of spiny stellate cell dendrites, and functionally impairs thalamocortically evoked synaptic responses, with reduced feed-forward GABAergic inhibition. These data identify Sema7A as a regulator of thalamocortical and local circuit development in layer 4 and provide a molecular handle that can be used to explore the coordinated generation of excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits.
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Behjati F, Firouzabadi SG, Kariminejad R, Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Shafaghati Y, Ghasemlou BE, Shojaei A, Jamali P, Bahman I, Najmabadi H. Genomic characterization of some Iranian children with idiopathic mental retardation using array comparative genomic hybridization. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:443-8. [PMID: 24497710 PMCID: PMC3897140 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.124373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental retardation (MR) has a prevalence of 1-3% and genetic causes are present in more than 50% of patients. Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most common genetic causes of MR and are responsible for 4-28% of mental retardation. However, the smallest loss or gain of material visible by standard cytogenetic is about 4 Mb and for smaller abnormalities, molecular cytogenetic techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) should be used. It has been shown that 15-25% of idiopathic MR (IMR) has submicroscopic rearrangements detectable by array CGH. In this project, the genomic abnormalities were investigated in 32 MR patients using this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with IMR with dysmorphism were investigated in this study. Karyotype analysis, fragile X and metabolic tests were first carried out on the patients. The copy number variation was then assessed in a total of 32 patients with normal results for the mentioned tests using whole genome oligo array CGH. Multiple ligation probe amplification was carried out as a confirmation test. RESULTS In total, 19% of the patients showed genomic abnormalities. This is reduced to 12.5% once the two patients with abnormal karyotypes (upon re-evaluation) are removed. CONCLUSION The array CGH technique increased the detection rate of genomic imbalances in our patients by 12.5%. It is an accurate and reliable method for the determination of genomic imbalances in patients with IMR and dysmorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Behjati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Roshanak Vameghi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajedi
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Shafaghati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Sarem Cell Research Center, Sarem Womens’ Hospital, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Shojaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ideh Bahman
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Dafoulis V, Kalyva E, Vargiami E. Autism spectrum disorders: the quest for genetic syndromes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:327-66. [PMID: 23650212 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disabilities with various etiologies, but with a heritability estimate of more than 90%. Although the strong correlation between autism and genetic factors has been long established, the exact genetic background of ASD remains unclear. A number of genetic syndromes manifest ASD at higher than expected frequencies compared to the general population. These syndromes account for more than 10% of all ASD cases and include tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, Down, neurofibromatosis, Angelman, Prader-Willi, Williams, Duchenne, etc. Clinicians are increasingly required to recognize genetic disorders in individuals with ASD, in terms of providing proper care and prognosis to the patient, as well as genetic counseling to the family. Vice versa, it is equally essential to identify ASD in patients with genetic syndromes, in order to ensure correct management and appropriate educational placement. During investigation of genetic syndromes, a number of issues emerge: impact of intellectual disability in ASD diagnoses, identification of autistic subphenotypes and differences from idiopathic autism, validity of assessment tools designed for idiopathic autism, possible mechanisms for the association with ASD, etc. Findings from the study of genetic syndromes are incorporated into the ongoing research on autism etiology and pathogenesis; different syndromes converge upon common biological backgrounds (such as disrupted molecular pathways and brain circuitries), which probably account for their comorbidity with autism. This review paper critically examines the prevalence and characteristics of the main genetic syndromes, as well as the possible mechanisms for their association with ASD.
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Carvill GL, Mefford HC. Microdeletion syndromes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:232-9. [PMID: 23664828 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent explosion in the implementation of genome-wide microarray technology to discover rare, pathogenic genomic rearrangements in a variety of diseases has led to the discovery of numerous microdeletion syndromes. It is now clear that these microdeletions are associated with extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance. A subset of recurrent microdeletions underpin diverse phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent studies highlight a role for additional low frequency variants, or 'second hits' to account for this variability. The implementation of massively parallel sequencing and epigenetic models may provide a powerful prospective approach to the delineation of microdeletion syndrome phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Carvill
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Individual variation of the genetic response to bisphenol a in human foreskin fibroblast cells derived from cryptorchidism and hypospadias patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52756. [PMID: 23285176 PMCID: PMC3532342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We hypothesized that polymorphic differences among individuals might cause variations in the effect that environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have on male genital malformations (MGMs). In this study, individual variation in the genetic response to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in human foreskin fibroblast cells (hFFCs) derived from child cryptorchidism (CO) and hypospadias (HS) patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS hFFCs were collected from control children without MGMs (n=5) and child CO and HS patients (n=8 and 21, respectively). BPA exposure (10 nM) was found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP11) expression in the HS group (0.74-fold, P=0.0034) but not in the control group (0.93-fold, P=0.84) and CO group (0.94-fold, P=0.70). Significantly lower levels of MMP11 expression were observed in the HS group compared with the control group (0.80-fold, P=0.0088) and CO group (0.79-fold, P=0.039) in response to 10 nM BPA. The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5000770 (G>A), located within the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) locus, on individual sensitivity to low-dose BPA was investigated in the HS group. A significant difference in neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) expression in response to 10 nM BPA was observed between AA and AG/GG groups (n=6 and 15, respectively. P=0.031). However, no significant difference in ARNT2 expression was observed (P=0.18). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study advances our understanding of the specificity of low-dose BPA effects on human reproductive health. Our results suggest that genetic variability among individuals affects susceptibility to the effects of EEDs exposure as a potential cause of HS.
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Baptista MS, Duarte CB, Maciel P. Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in nervous system function and disease: using C. elegans as a dissecting tool. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2691-715. [PMID: 22382927 PMCID: PMC11115168 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its central roles in protein quality control, regulation of cell cycle, intracellular signaling, DNA damage response and transcription regulation, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays specific roles in the nervous system, where it contributes to precise connectivity through development, and later assures functionality by regulating a wide spectrum of neuron-specific cellular processes. Aberrations in this system have been implicated in the etiology of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide an updated view on the UPS and highlight recent findings concerning its role in normal and diseased nervous systems. We discuss the advantages of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans as a tool to unravel the major unsolved questions concerning this biochemical pathway and its involvement in nervous system function and dysfunction, and expose the new possibilities, using state-of-the-art techniques, to assess UPS function using this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio S Baptista
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Magoulas PL, El-Hattab AW. Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:2. [PMID: 22216833 PMCID: PMC3275445 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described rare microdeletion syndrome that has been reported in 19 individuals. It is characterized by growth retardation, intellectual disability, and distinct facial features including long face with high anterior hairline, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, sparse and broad medial eyebrows, broad and/or depressed nasal bridge, small mouth, long smooth philtrum, and full lower lip. Other common findings include skeletal and digital abnormalities, genital abnormalities in males, hypotonia, behavior problems, recurrent infections, and eye problems. Other less frequent findings include hearing loss, growth hormone deficiency, hernias, and obesity. Congenital malformations, while rare, can be severe and include structural brain anomalies, cardiovascular malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, imperforate anus, and myelomeningocele. Karyotypes are typically normal, and the deletions were detected in these individuals by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The deletions range in size from 1.7-6.1 Mb and usually result from nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between paralogous low-copy repeats (LCRs). The majority of 15q24 deletions have breakpoints that localize to one of five LCR clusters labeled LCR15q24A, -B, -C, -D, and -E. The smallest region of overlap (SRO) spans a 1.2 Mb region between LCR15q24B to LCR15q24C. There are several candidate genes within the SRO, including CYP11A1, SEMA7A, CPLX3, ARID3B, STRA6, SIN3A and CSK, that may predispose to many of the clinical features observed in individuals with 15q24 deletion syndrome. The deletion occurred as a de novo event in all of the individuals when parents were available for testing. Parental aCGH and/or FISH studies are recommended to provide accurate genetic counseling and guidance regarding prognosis, recurrence risk, and reproductive options. Management involves a multi-disciplinary approach to care with the primary care physician and clinical geneticist playing a crucial role in providing appropriate screening, surveillance, and care for individuals with this syndrome. At the time of diagnosis, individuals should receive baseline echocardiograms, audiologic, ophthalmologic, and developmental assessments. Growth and feeding should be closely monitored. Other specialists that may be involved in the care of individuals with 15q24 deletion syndrome include immunology, endocrine, orthopedics, neurology, and urology. Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome should be differentiated from other genetic syndromes, particularly velo-cardio-facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome), Prader-Willi syndrome, and Noonan syndrome. These conditions share some phenotypic similarity to 15q24 deletion syndrome yet have characteristic features specific to each of them that allows the clinician to distinguish between them. Molecular genetic testing and/or aCGH will be able to diagnose these conditions in the majority of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar L Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Mefford HC, Rosenfeld JA, Shur N, Slavotinek AM, Cox VA, Hennekam RC, Firth HV, Willatt L, Wheeler P, Morrow EM, Cook J, Sullivan R, Oh A, McDonald MT, Zonana J, Keller K, Hannibal MC, Ball S, Kussmann J, Gorski J, Zelewski S, Banks V, Smith W, Smith R, Paull L, Rosenbaum KN, Amor DJ, Silva J, Lamb A, Eichler EE. Further clinical and molecular delineation of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. J Med Genet 2011; 49:110-8. [PMID: 22180641 PMCID: PMC3261729 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a rare genomic disorder characterised by intellectual disability, growth retardation, unusual facial morphology and other anomalies. To date, 20 patients have been reported; 18 have had detailed breakpoint analysis. Aim To further delineate the features of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, the clinical and molecular characterisation of fifteen patients with deletions in the 15q24 region was performed, nearly doubling the number of reported patients. Methods Breakpoints were characterised using a custom, high-density array comparative hybridisation platform, and detailed phenotype information was collected for each patient. Results Nine distinct deletions with different breakpoints ranging in size from 266 kb to 3.75 Mb were identified. The majority of breakpoints lie within segmental duplication (SD) blocks. Low sequence identity and large intervals of unique sequence between SD blocks likely contribute to the rarity of 15q24 deletions, which occur 8–10 times less frequently than 1q21 or 15q13 microdeletions in our series. Two small, atypical deletions were identified within the region that help delineate the critical region for the core phenotype in the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. Conclusion The molecular characterisation of these patients suggests that the core cognitive features of the 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, including developmental delays and severe speech problems, are largely due to deletion of genes in a 1.1–Mb critical region. However, genes just distal to the critical region also play an important role in cognition and in the development of characteristic facial features associated with 15q24 deletions. Clearly, deletions in the 15q24 region are variable in size and extent. Knowledge of the breakpoints and size of deletion combined with the natural history and medical problems of our patients provide insights that will inform management guidelines. Based on common phenotypic features, all patients with 15q24 microdeletions should receive a thorough neurodevelopmental evaluation, physical, occupational and speech therapies, and regular audiologic and ophthalmologic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195, USA.
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Brun A, Cailley D, Toutain J, Bouron J, Arveiler B, Lacombe D, Goizet C, Rooryck C. 1.5 Mb microdeletion in 15q24 in a patient with mild OAVS phenotype. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 55:135-9. [PMID: 22198201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We report on a boy presenting with features of OAVS (Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum) and carrying a 1.5 Mb microdeletion in 15q24.1q24.2. This recurrent deletion usually leads to a broad clinical spectrum but has never been found associated with features of OAVS such as ear agenesis. This observation is in accordance with OAVS being a genetically heterogeneous disorder, and points out the importance of array-CGH screening in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Brun
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Genetics, Bordeaux, France
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Narumi Y, Shiohara M, Wakui K, Hama A, Kojima S, Yoshikawa K, Amano Y, Kosho T, Fukushima Y. Myelodysplastic syndrome in a child with 15q24 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 158A:412-6. [PMID: 22140075 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
15q24 deletion syndrome is a recently-described chromosomal disorder, characterized by developmental delay, growth deficiency, distinct facial features, digital abnormalities, loose connective tissue, and genital malformations in males. To date, 19 patients have been reported. We report on a 13-year-old boy with this syndrome manifesting childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). He had characteristic facial features, hypospadias, and mild developmental delay. He showed neutropenia and thrombocytopenia for several years. At age 13 years, bone marrow examination was performed, which showed a sign suggestive of childhood MDS: mild dysplasia in the myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cell lineages. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) revealed a de novo 3.4 Mb 15q24.1q24.3 deletion. Although MDS has not been described in patients with the syndrome, a boy was reported to have acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The development of MDS and hematological malignancy in the syndrome might be caused by the haploinsufficiency of deleted 15q24 segment either alone or in combination with other genetic abnormalities in hematopoietic cells. Further hematological investigation is recommended to be beneficial if physical and hematological examination results are suggestive of hematopoietic disturbance in patients with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Narumi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
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L Ng IS, Chin WH, P Lim EC, Tan EC. An additional case of the recurrent 15q24.1 microdeletion syndrome and review of the literature. Twin Res Hum Genet 2011; 14:333-9. [PMID: 21787116 DOI: 10.1375/twin.14.4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a 9-year-old girl with 3 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q24 identified by oligonucleotide array comparative hybridization. She is of Chinese ancestry and shared some typical features of previously reported 15q24 deletion cases such as mild dysmorphism with developmental and speech delay. She also had mild hearing loss that was reported in one other case. We compared all 19 cases that are identified from array-CGH. The deletion occurred within an 8.3 Mb region from 15q23 to 15q24.3. The minimum overlapping deleted region is less than 0.5 Mb from 72.3 Mb to 72.7 Mb. The functions of the nine annotated genes within the region and how they might contribute to the microdeletion phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy S L Ng
- Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
Autism is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders, diagnosed solely by the complex behavioral phenotype. On the basis of the high-heritability index, geneticists are confident that autism will be the first behavioral disorder for which the genetic basis can be well established. Although it was initially assumed that major genome-wide and candidate gene association studies would lead most directly to common autism genes, progress has been slow. Rather, most discoveries have come from studies of known genetic disorders associated with the behavioral phenotype. New technology, especially array chromosomal genomic hybridization, has both increased the identification of putative autism genes and raised to approximately 25%, the percentage of children for whom an autism-related genetic change can be identified. Incorporating clinical geneticists into the diagnostic and autism research arenas is vital to the field. Interpreting this new technology and deciphering autism's genetic montage require the skill set of the clinical geneticist including knowing how to acquire and interpret family pedigrees, how to analyze complex morphologic, neurologic, and medical phenotypes, sorting out heterogeneity, developing rational genetic models, and designing studies. The current emphasis on deciphering autism spectrum disorders has accelerated the field of neuroscience and demonstrated the necessity of multidisciplinary research that must include clinical geneticists both in the clinics and in the design and implementation of basic, clinical, and translational research.
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Cukier HN, Salyakina D, Blankstein SF, Robinson JL, Sacharow S, Ma D, Wright HH, Abramson RK, Menon R, Williams SM, Haines JL, Cuccaro ML, Gilbert JR, Pericak-Vance MA. Microduplications in an autism multiplex family narrow the region of susceptibility for developmental disorders on 15q24 and implicate 7p21. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:493-501. [PMID: 21480499 PMCID: PMC5490366 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) play a crucial role in the intricate genetics of autism spectrum disorders. A region on chromosome 15q24 vulnerable to both deletions and duplications has been previously implicated in a range of phenotypes including autism, Asperger's syndrome, delayed development, and mild to severe mental retardation. Prior studies have delineated a minimal critical region of approximately 1.33 Mb. In this study, a multiplex autism family was evaluated for CNVs using genotyping data from the Illumina 1 M BeadChip and analyzed with the PennCNV algorithm. Variants were then identified that co-segregate with autism features in this family. Here, we report autistic first cousins who carry two microduplications concordant with disease. Both duplications were inherited maternally and found to be identical by descent. The first is an approximately 10,000 base pair microduplication within the minimal region on 15q24 that falls across a single gene, ubiquitin-like 7. This is the smallest duplication in the region to result in a neuropsychiatric disorder, potentially narrowing the critical region for susceptibility to developmental and autism spectrum disorders. The second is a novel, 352 kb tandem duplication on 7p21 that replicates part of the neurexophilin 1 and islet cell autoantigen 1 genes. The breakpoint junction falls within the intronic regions of these genes and demonstrates a microhomology of four base pairs. Each of these microduplications may contribute to the complex etiology of autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N. Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Daria Salyakina
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sarah F. Blankstein
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Joycelyn L. Robinson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Deqiong Ma
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Harry H. Wright
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ruth K. Abramson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - John R. Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida,Correspondence to: Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Ph.D., Associate Dean for Human Genomic Programs, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Professor of Human Genomics, Director, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB-314 (M860), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.
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Betancur C. Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: more than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting. Brain Res 2010; 1380:42-77. [PMID: 21129364 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can arise from rare highly penetrant mutations and genomic imbalances. The rare nature of these variants, and the often differing orbits of clinical and research geneticists, can make it difficult to fully appreciate the extent to which we have made progress in understanding the genetic etiology of autism. In fact, there is a persistent view in the autism research community that there are only a modest number of autism loci known. We carried out an exhaustive review of the clinical genetics and research genetics literature in an attempt to collate all genes and recurrent genomic imbalances that have been implicated in the etiology of ASD. We provide data on 103 disease genes and 44 genomic loci reported in subjects with ASD or autistic behavior. These genes and loci have all been causally implicated in intellectual disability, indicating that these two neurodevelopmental disorders share common genetic bases. A genetic overlap between ASD and epilepsy is also apparent in many cases. Taken together, these findings clearly show that autism is not a single clinical entity but a behavioral manifestation of tens or perhaps hundreds of genetic and genomic disorders. Increased recognition of the etiological heterogeneity of ASD will greatly expand the number of target genes for neurobiological investigations and thereby provide additional avenues for the development of pathway-based pharmacotherapy. Finally, the data provide strong support for high-resolution DNA microarrays as well as whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing as critical approaches for identifying the genetic causes of ASDs.
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