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Ventriglia S, Kalcheim C. From neural tube to spinal cord: The dynamic journey of the dorsal neuroepithelium. Dev Biol 2024; 511:26-38. [PMID: 38580174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In a developing embryo, formation of tissues and organs is remarkably precise in both time and space. Through cell-cell interactions, neighboring progenitors coordinate their activities, sequentially generating distinct types of cells. At present, we only have limited knowledge, rather than a systematic understanding, of the underlying logic and mechanisms responsible for cell fate transitions. The formation of the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord is an outstanding model to tackle these dynamics, as it first generates the peripheral nervous system and is later responsible for transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the brain and for coordinating local reflexes. This is reflected first by the ontogeny of neural crest cells, progenitors of the peripheral nervous system, followed by formation of the definitive roof plate of the central nervous system and specification of adjacent interneurons, then a transformation of roof plate into dorsal radial glia and ependyma lining the forming central canal. How do these peripheral and central neural branches segregate from common progenitors? How are dorsal radial glia established concomitant with transformation of the neural tube lumen into a central canal? How do the dorsal radial glia influence neighboring cells? This is only a partial list of questions whose clarification requires the implementation of experimental paradigms in which precise control of timing is crucial. Here, we outline some available answers and still open issues, while highlighting the contributions of avian models and their potential to address mechanisms of neural patterning and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ventriglia
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
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2
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Pet Wellness and Vitamin A: A Narrative Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1000. [PMID: 38612239 PMCID: PMC11010875 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The health of companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, is significantly influenced by nutrition, with vitamins playing a crucial role. Vitamin A, in particular, is indispensable, with diverse roles ranging from vision to immune modulation and reproduction. Despite its importance, the metabolism and dietary requirements of vitamin A in companion animals remain complex and not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical perspective, the digestion, the metabolism, the physiological roles, the deficiency, the excess, and the interactions with other micronutrients of vitamin A in companion animals. Additionally, it highlights future research directions and gaps in our understanding. Insights into the metabolism of vitamin A in companion animals, personalized nutrition strategies based on genetic variability, longitudinal studies tracking the status of vitamin A, and investigations into its immunomodulatory effects are crucial for optimizing pet health and wellness. Furthermore, understanding the stability and bioavailability of vitamin A in pet food formulations is essential for ensuring the provision of adequate micronutrients. Overall, this review underscores the importance of vitamin A in companion animal nutrition and the need for further research to enhance our understanding and to optimize dietary recommendations for pet health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Panase P, Vongkampang T, Wangkahart E, Sutthi N. Impacts of astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens on growth, immune responses, and reproduction performance of broodstock Nile tilapia during winter season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8. [PMID: 38512396 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The growth, immune response, and reproductive performance of broodstock of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under winter stress conditions were investigated the effects of supplementary diets with astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Throughout an eight-week period in the winter season, male and female tilapia were fed with diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens dietary supplementation: 0 g/kg (T1; control), 5 g/kg (T2), 10 g/kg (T3), and 20 g/kg (T4). Subsequently, a four-week mating system was implemented during the winter stress period. The results revealed that there were no significant differences observed in growth, hematological indices, and blood chemical profiles among all treatment groups for both male and female tilapia. However, a significant increase in cholesterol content was noted in both male and female tilapia fed with the T4 diet (p<0.05). The total carotenoid content in the muscle was evaluated, and significantly higher values were found in both male and female tilapia that fed T4 supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, immunological parameters such as myeloperoxidase and antioxidant parameters in the liver including superoxide dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed significant increases in tilapia fed with the T4 diet. The impact of P. carotinifaciens supplementation on broodstock tilapia indicated a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration in males and increased egg production in females after consumption of the T4 diet (p<0.05). Thus, this study highlighted that the presence of astaxanthin-enriched P. carotinifaciens in the diet of broodstock Nile tilapia can lead to the accumulation of carotenoids in their muscle tissue, improvement in antioxidant status, enhancement of immune function, and potential enhancement of reproductive capabilities, even under overwintering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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4
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Chi C, Roland TJ, Song K. Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling: Learning from Heart Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:337. [PMID: 38543122 PMCID: PMC10975450 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a pressing public health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is the first organ to gain function during embryogenesis in mammals. Heart development involves cell determination, expansion, migration, and crosstalk, which are orchestrated by numerous signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, TGF-β, IGF, and Retinoic acid signaling pathways. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platforms are emerging as promising approaches for modeling heart disease in vitro. Understanding the signaling pathways that are essential for cardiac development has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects and postnatal heart diseases, significantly advancing stem cell-based platforms to model heart diseases. This review summarizes signaling pathways that are crucial for heart development and discusses how these findings improve the strategies for modeling human heart disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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Dinges SS, Amini K, Notarangelo LD, Delmonte OM. Primary and secondary defects of the thymus. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:178-211. [PMID: 38228406 PMCID: PMC10950553 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development, enabling generation, and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that recognize non-self, whilst remaining tolerant to self- antigens. Severe congenital disorders of thymic development (athymia) can be fatal if left untreated due to infections, and thymic tissue implantation is the only cure. While newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency has allowed improved detection at birth of congenital athymia, thymic disorders acquired later in life are still underrecognized and assessing the quality of thymic function in such conditions remains a challenge. The thymus is sensitive to injury elicited from a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors, and its self-renewal capacity decreases with age. Secondary and age-related forms of thymic dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models and clinical trials upon administration of soluble factors promoting thymic regeneration, but to date no therapy is approved for clinical use. In this review we provide a background on thymus development, function, and age-related involution. We discuss disease mechanisms, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for primary and secondary thymic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Dinges
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kayla Amini
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Ohara D, Takeuchi Y, Watanabe H, Lee Y, Mukoyama H, Ohteki T, Kondoh G, Hirota K. Notch2 with retinoic acid license IL-23 expression by intestinal EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s in mice. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230923. [PMID: 38180443 PMCID: PMC10770806 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of IL-23 in mucosal host defense and disease pathogenesis, the mechanisms regulating the development of IL-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we employed an Il23aVenus reporter strain to investigate the developmental identity and functional regulation of IL-23-producing cells. We showed that flagellin stimulation or Citrobacter rodentium infection led to robust induction of IL-23-producing EpCAM+ DCIR2+ CD103- cDC2s, termed cDCIL23, which was confined to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch2 signaling was crucial for the development of EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s, and the combination of Notch2 signaling with retinoic acid signaling controlled their terminal differentiation into cDCIL23, supporting a two-step model for the development of gut cDCIL23. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the developmental pathways and cellular dynamics of IL-23-producing cDC2s at steady state and during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiya Ohara
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoonha Lee
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mukoyama
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Carrera ARM, Eleazar EG, Caparanga AR, Tayo LL. Theoretical Studies on the Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationship of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners Reveal High Affinity Binding to Multiple Human Nuclear Receptors. TOXICS 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38251005 PMCID: PMC10821279 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic chemicals consisting of a biphenyl structure substituted with one to ten chlorine atoms, with 209 congeners depending on the number and position of the chlorine atoms. PCBs are widely known to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and have been found to be involved in several diseases/disorders. This study takes various molecular descriptors of these PCBs (e.g., molecular weight) and toxicity endpoints as molecular activities, investigating the possibility of correlations via the quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR). This study then focuses on molecular docking and dynamics to investigate the docking behavior of the strongest-binding PCBs to nuclear receptors and compares these to the docking behavior of their natural ligands. Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors activated by steroid hormones, and they have been investigated to consider the impact of PCBs on humans in this context. It has been observed that the docking affinity of PCBs is comparable to that of the natural ligands, but they are inferior in terms of stability and interacting forces, as shown by the RMSD and total energy values. However, it is noted that most nuclear receptors respond to PCBs similarly to how they respond to their natural ligands-as shown in the RMSF plots-the most similar of which are seen in the ER, THR-β, and RAR-α. However, this study is performed purely in silico and will need experimental verification for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Raphael M. Carrera
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (A.R.M.C.); (E.G.E.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Elisa G. Eleazar
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (A.R.M.C.); (E.G.E.)
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Alvin R. Caparanga
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
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8
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Peña-Juárez MC, Guadarrama-Escobar OR, Serrano-Castañeda P, Méndez-Albores A, Vázquez-Durán A, Vera-Graziano R, Rodríguez-Pérez B, Salgado-Machuca M, Anguiano-Almazán E, Morales-Florido MI, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Synergistic Effect of Retinoic Acid and Lactoferrin in the Maintenance of Gut Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38254678 PMCID: PMC10813542 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein that binds to iron ions (Fe2+) and other metallic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, and has antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The antibacterial properties of LF are due to its ability to sequester iron. The immunomodulatory capability of LF promotes homeostasis in the enteric environment, acting directly on the beneficial microbiota. LF can modulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) biology, including migration and cell activation. Nonetheless, some gut microbiota strains produce toxic metabolites, and APCs are responsible for initiating the process that inhibits the inflammatory response against them. Thus, eliminating harmful strains lowers the risk of inducing chronic inflammation, and consequently, metabolic disease, which can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LF and retinoic acid (RA) exhibit immunomodulatory properties such as decreasing cytokine production, thus modifying the inflammatory response. Their activities have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. The combined, simultaneous effect of these molecules has not been studied; however, the synergistic effect of LF and RA may be employed for enhancing the secretion of humoral factors, such as IgA. We speculate that the combination of LF and RA could be a potential prophylactic alternative for the treatment of metabolic dysregulations such as T2DM. The present review focuses on the importance of a healthy diet for a balanced gut and describes how probiotics and prebiotics with immunomodulatory activity as well as inductors of differentiation and cell proliferation could be acquired directly from the diet or indirectly through the oral administration of formulations aimed to maintain gut health or restore a eubiotic state in an intestinal environment that has been dysregulated by external factors such as stress and a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Concepción Peña-Juárez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Omar Rodrigo Guadarrama-Escobar
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Alma Vázquez-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-14 (Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (A.M.-A.); (A.V.-D.)
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graziano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Servicio de Análisis de Propóleos (LASAP), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria (UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Salgado-Machuca
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Ericka Anguiano-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
| | - Miriam Isabel Morales-Florido
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Farmacia Molecular y Liberación Controlada, Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Isabel Marlene Rodríguez-Cruz
- Unidad de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional e Alta Especialidad de Sumpango, Carretera Zumpango-Jilotzingo #400, Barrio de Santiago, 2ª Sección, Zumpango 55600, Mexico;
| | - José Juan Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Lab-12 (Sistemas Transdérmicos y Materiales Nanoestructurados), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán Teoloyucan, Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico; (M.C.P.-J.); (O.R.G.-E.); (P.S.-C.); (M.S.-M.); (E.A.-A.); (M.I.M.-F.)
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9
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Dutta S, Pal D, Rao MRS. Retinoic Acid-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Neuronal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:39-51. [PMID: 37140812 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to proliferate and differentiate into specific lineages makes them an important avenue of research in the field of cell therapy as well as a useful model to study patterns of differentiation and gene expression, recapitulating many events that occur during the very early stages of development of the mammalian embryo. With striking similarities that exist between inherently programmed embryonic development of the nervous system in vivo and the differentiation of ESCs in vitro, they have already been used to treat locomotive and cognitive deficits caused by brain injury in rodents. A suitable differentiation model thus empowers us with all these opportunities. In this chapter, we describe a neural differentiation model from mouse embryonic stem cells using retinoic acid as the inducer. This method is among the most commonly used one to acquire a homogeneous population of neuronal progenitor cells or mature neurons as desired. The method is scalable, efficient, and results in production of ~70% neural progenitor cells within 4-6 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Dutta
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Debosree Pal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - M R S Rao
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
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Seyyedin S, Ezzatabadipour M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN. The Role of Various Factors in Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Special Focus on the Physical Stimulants. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:166-177. [PMID: 36734908 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230124151311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMs) are considered as ideal tools for cell therapy procedures and regenerative medicine. The capacity of these cells to differentiate into neural lineage cells make them potentially important in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 1990 to March 2022. This review discusses the current knowledge on the effect of various factors, including physical, chemical and biological stimuli which play a key role in the differentiation of hUCMs into neural and glial cells. Moreover, the currently understood molecular mechanisms involved in the neural differentiation of hUCMs under various environmental stimuli are reviewed. Various stimuli, especially physical stimuli and specifically different light sources, have revealed effects on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, including hUCMs; however, due to the lack of information about the exact mechanisms, there is still a need to find optimal conditions to promote the differentiation capacity of these cells which in turn can lead to significant progress in the clinical application of hUCMs for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Seyyedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Guillén-Navarro D, González-Vázquez R, León-Ávila G, Giono-Cerezo S. Quorum Quenching with a Diffusible Signal Factor Analog in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Pathogens 2023; 12:1448. [PMID: 38133331 PMCID: PMC10746098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacillus associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, and nowadays, its acquired resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) by sul genes within class 1 integrons is a worldwide health problem. Biofilm and motility are two of the major virulence factors in this bacterium and are auto-induced by the diffusible signal factor (DSF). In recent studies, retinoids have been used to inhibit (Quorum Quenching) these virulence factors and for their antimicrobial effect. The aim was to reduce biofilm formation and motility with retinoic acid (RA) in S. maltophilia SXT-resistant strains. Eleven SXT-resistant strains and two SXT-susceptible strains were tested for biofilm formation/reduction and planktonic/sessile cell viability with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA; motility (twitching, swimming, swarming) was measured with/without RA; and MLST typing was determined. The biofilm formation of the strains was classified as follows: 15.38% (2/13) as low, 61.54% (8/13) as moderate, and 23.08% (3/13) as high. It was significantly reduced with RA and SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); cell viability was not significantly reduced with RA (p > 0.05), but it was with SXT-MIC50/RA (p < 0.05); and swimming (p < 0.05) and swarming (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. MLST typing showed the first and novel strains of Mexican S. maltophilia registered in PubMLST (ST479-485, ST497, ST23, ST122, ST175, ST212, and ST300). In conclusion, RA reduced biofilm formation and motility without affecting cell viability; furthermore, antimicrobial synergism with SXT-MIC50/RA in different and novel STs of S. maltophilia was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Guillén-Navarro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Rosa González-Vázquez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret”, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Seris y Zaachila S/N, Col. La Raza, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Zoología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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12
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Koshy AM, Mendoza-Parra MA. Retinoids: Mechanisms of Action in Neuronal Cell Fate Acquisition. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2279. [PMID: 38137880 PMCID: PMC10744663 DOI: 10.3390/life13122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation has been shown to be directed by retinoid action during embryo development and has been exploited in various in vitro cell differentiation systems. In this review, we summarize the role of retinoids through the activation of their specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors during embryo development and also in a variety of in vitro strategies for neuronal differentiation, including recent efforts in driving cell specialization towards a range of neuronal subtypes and glial cells. Finally, we highlight the role of retinoic acid in recent protocols recapitulating nervous tissue complexity (cerebral organoids). Overall, we expect that this effort might pave the way for exploring the usage of specific synthetic retinoids for directing complex nervous tissue differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Antonio Mendoza-Parra
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry-val-d’Essonne, University Paris-Saclay, 91057 Évry, France;
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13
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Zhao ZS, Yang LY, Li FX, Cun W, Wang XY, Cao CQ, Zhang QL. Gut flora alterations among aquatic firefly Aquatica leii inhabiting various dissolved oxygen in fresh water. iScience 2023; 26:107809. [PMID: 37744031 PMCID: PMC10514463 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the impact of different dissolved oxygen (DO) on the composition and function of gut bacteria of aquatic insects is largely unknown. Herein, we constructed freshwater environments with different DOs (hypoxia: 2.50 ± 0.50, normoxia: 7.00 ± 0.50, and hyperoxia: 13.00 ± 0.50 mg/L) where aquatic firefly Aquatica leii larvae lived for three months. Their gut flora was analyzed using the combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. The results showed no difference in alpha diversity of the gut flora between A. leii inhabiting various DOs. However, the relative abundance of several bacterial lineages presented significant changes, such as Pseudomonas. In addition, bacterial genes with an altered relative abundance in response to various DOs were primarily related to metabolism. The alteration of these functions correlated with the DO change. This is the first to uncover structure of gut flora under various DOs in aquatic insect larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin-Yu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fu-Xin Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Cun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing-Yan Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cheng-Quan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614004, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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14
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Broeker CD, Ortiz MMO, Murillo MS, Andrechek ER. Integrative multi-omic sequencing reveals the MMTV-Myc mouse model mimics human breast cancer heterogeneity. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:120. [PMID: 37805590 PMCID: PMC10559619 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes and molecular profiles corresponding to different clinical outcomes. Mouse models of breast cancer are widely used, but their relevance in capturing the heterogeneity of human disease is unclear. Previous studies have shown the heterogeneity at the gene expression level for the MMTV-Myc model, but have only speculated on the underlying genetics. METHODS Tumors from the microacinar, squamous, and EMT histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc mouse model of breast cancer underwent whole genome sequencing. The genomic data obtained were then integrated with previously obtained matched sample gene expression data and extended to additional samples of each histological subtype, totaling 42 gene expression samples. High correlation was observed between genetic copy number events and resulting gene expression by both Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient. These same genetic events are conserved in humans and are indicative of poor overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A supervised machine learning algorithm trained on METABRIC gene expression data was used to predict the analogous human breast cancer intrinsic subtype from mouse gene expression data. RESULTS Herein, we examine three common histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc model through whole genome sequencing and have integrated these results with gene expression data. Significantly, key genomic alterations driving cell signaling pathways were well conserved within histological subtypes. Genomic changes included frequent, co-occurring mutations in KIT and RARA in the microacinar histological subtype as well as SCRIB mutations in the EMT subtype. EMT tumors additionally displayed strong KRAS activation signatures downstream of genetic activating events primarily ascribed to KRAS activating mutations, but also FGFR2 amplification. Analogous genetic events in human breast cancer showed stark decreases in overall survival. In further analyzing transcriptional heterogeneity of the MMTV-Myc model, we report a supervised machine learning model that classifies MMTV-Myc histological subtypes and other mouse models as being representative of different human intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the well-established MMTV-Myc mouse model presents further opportunities for investigation of human breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson D Broeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mylena M O Ortiz
- Genetics and Genomics Science Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2194, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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15
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Gauthier M, Defrance J, Jumarie C, Vulliet E, Garric J, Boily M, Geffard O. Disruption of oogenesis and molting by methoprene and glyphosate in Gammarus fossarum: involvement of retinoic acid? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86060-86071. [PMID: 37394563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum proved to be a promising sentinel species in active biomonitoring programs to assess the effects of environmental contamination on non-target organisms. Given that the highly conserved retinoid (RETs) metabolism supports many biological functions and is perturbed by xenobiotics and used as biomarker for vertebrates, we explored the RETs functions in the crustacean model Gammarus fossarum. More specifically, we studied the implication of all -trans retinoic acid (atRA) in the reproduction (embryo, oocyte, and juvenile production) and development (success and delay of molting) by exposing G. fossarum females to atRA and citral (CIT), a known inhibitor of RA synthesis. In parallel, we exposed gammarids to methoprene (MET) and glyphosate (GLY), two pesticides suspected to interfere with atRA metabolism and signaling and frequently found in water systems. After 14 days of exposure, atRA, CIT, and MET reduced the number of oocytes, whereas only MET caused a reduced number of embryos. After 44 days, MET and GLY showed a tendency to decrease juvenile production. The duration of the molting cycle increased following the exposures to atRA and MET, while the treatment with CIT caused a typical endocrine disruptive inverted U-shaped curve. The exposure to GLY led to increased duration of the molting cycle at the lowest concentrations and lowered molting success at the highest concentration tested. This study highlights for the first time the implication of RA in the oogenesis and molting of G. fossarum and suggests that it may be a potential mediator of MET-induced effects on these processes. This study adds to the comprehension of the reproductive and developmental control in G. fossarum and opens new research avenues to study the effects of xenobiotics on the RET system in this sentinel species. Ultimately, our study will drive the development of RET-based biomarkers for non-target aquatic invertebrates exposed to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jérémy Defrance
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. de Lyon, 15, Parvis René Descartes, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de La Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Monique Boily
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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16
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Petrelli B, Oztürk A, Pind M, Ayele H, Fainsod A, Hicks GG. Genetically programmed retinoic acid deficiency during gastrulation phenocopies most known developmental defects due to acute prenatal alcohol exposure in FASD. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208279. [PMID: 37397253 PMCID: PMC10311642 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) arises from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy affecting 2%-5% of the Western population. In Xenopus laevis studies, we showed that alcohol exposure during early gastrulation reduces retinoic acid (RA) levels at this critical embryonic stage inducing craniofacial malformations associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A genetic mouse model that induces a transient RA deficiency in the node during gastrulation is described. These mice recapitulate the phenotypes characteristic of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) suggesting a molecular etiology for the craniofacial malformations seen in children with FASD. Gsc +/Cyp26A1 mouse embryos have a reduced RA domain and expression in the developing frontonasal prominence region and delayed HoxA1 and HoxB1 expression at E8.5. These embryos also show aberrant neurofilament expression during cranial nerve formation at E10.5 and have significant FASD sentinel-like craniofacial phenotypes at E18.5. Gsc +/Cyp26A1 mice develop severe maxillary malocclusions in adulthood. Phenocopying the PAE-induced developmental malformations with a genetic model inducing RA deficiency during early gastrulation strongly supports the alcohol/vitamin A competition model as a major molecular etiology for the neurodevelopmental defects and craniofacial malformations seen in children with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Petrelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A. Oztürk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M. Pind
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - H. Ayele
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A. Fainsod
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel–Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G. G. Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Regenerative Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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Li Z, Chen C, Yu W, Xu L, Jia H, Wang C, Pei N, Liu Z, Luo D, Wang J, Lv W, Yuan B, Zhang J, Jiang H. Colitis-Mediated Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Flora and Impaired Vitamin A Absorption Reduce Ovarian Function in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112425. [PMID: 37299390 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the composition and ratio of the flora during colitis have been found to potentially affect ovarian function through nutrient absorption. However, the mechanisms have not been fully explored. To investigate whether colitis-induced dysbacteriosis of the intestinal flora affects ovarian function, mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) through drinking water. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to clarify the composition and proportion of bacterial flora as well as gene expression changes in the colon. Changes in follicle type, number, and hormone secretion in the ovary were detected. The results showed that 2.5% DSS could induce severe colitis symptoms, including increased inflammatory cell infiltration, severe damage to the crypt, and high expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, vitamin A synthesis metabolism-related genes Rdh10, Aldh1a1, Cyp26a1, Cyp26b1, and Rarβ were significantly decreased, as well as the levels of the steroid hormone synthase-related proteins STAR and CYP11A1. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, and Anti-Mullerian hormone as well as the quality of oocytes decreased significantly. The significantly changed abundances of Alistipes, Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and some other flora had potentially important roles. DSS-induced colitis and impaired vitamin A absorption reduced ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chengzhen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haitao Jia
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Pei
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zibin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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18
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Wang F, Tang Y, Cai Y, Yang R, Wang Z, Wang X, Yang Q, Wang W, Tian J, An L. Intrafollicular Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Important for Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Oocyte Meiotic Resumption. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040946. [PMID: 37107703 PMCID: PMC10137601 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been clear that retinoic acid (RA), the most active vitamin A (VA) derivative, plays a central role in governing oocyte meiosis initiation. However, it has not been functionally determined if RA participates in luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced resumption from long-lasting oocyte meiotic arrest, which is essential for haploid oocyte formation. In the present study, using well-established in vivo and in vitro models, we identified that intrafollicular RA signaling is important for normal oocyte meiotic resumption. A mechanistic study indicated that mural granulosa cells (MGCs) are the indispensable follicular compartment for RA-prompted meiotic resumption. Moreover, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is essential for mediating RA signaling to regulate meiotic resumption. Furthermore, we found zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) is the transcriptional target of RAR. Both RA signaling and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling were activated in MGCs in response to LH surge, and two intrafollicular signalings cooperate to induce rapid Zfp36 upregulation and Nppc mRNA decrease, which is critical to LH-induced meiotic resumption. These findings extend our understanding of the role of RA in oocyte meiosis: RA not only governs meiotic initiation but also regulates LH-induced meiotic resumption. We also emphasize the importance of LH-induced metabolic changes in MGCs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yawen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yijie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei An
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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19
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Suzuki K, Koyama H, Nakamura N, Kimura Y, Ogata A, Ikenuma H, Ishii H, Zhang MR, Kawamura K, Minamimoto T, Nagai Y, Katsuki H, Kimura T, Kimura N, Ichise M, Kato T, Ito K, Suzuki M. 11C-Labeling of acyclic retinoid peretinoin by rapid C-[ 11C]methylation to disclose novel brain permeability and central nervous system activities hidden in antitumor agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 85:129212. [PMID: 36871703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, retinoid actions on the central nervous system (CNS) have attracted considerable attention from the perspectives of brain disease diagnosis and drug development. Firstly, we successfully synthesized [11C]peretinoin esters (methyl, ethyl, and benzyl) using a Pd(0)-mediated rapid C-[11C]methylation of the corresponding stannyl precursors without geometrical isomerization in 82%, 66%, and 57% radiochemical yields (RCYs). Subsequent hydrolysis of the 11C-labeled ester produced [11C]peretinoin in 13 ± 8% RCY (n = 3). After pharmaceutical formulation, the resulting [11C]benzyl ester and [11C]peretinoin had high radiochemical purity (>99% each) and molar activities of 144 and 118 ± 49 GBq μmol-1 at total synthesis times of 31 min and 40 ± 3 min, respectively. Rat brain PET imaging for the [11C]ester revealed a unique time-radioactivity curve, suggesting the participation of the acid [11C]peretinoin for the brain permeability. However, the curve of the [11C]peretinoin rose steadily after a shorter time lag to reach 1.4 standardized uptake value (SUV) at 60 min. These various phenomena between the ester and acid became more pronounced in the monkey brain (SUV of > 3.0 at 90 min). With the opportunity to identify high brain uptake of [11C]peretinoin, we discovered CNS activities of a drug candidate called peretinoin, such as the induction of a stem-cell to neuronal cell differentiation and the suppression of neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Suzuki
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Narumasa Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Aya Ogata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani 509-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Research and Development Management Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka 7-430, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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20
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Mwamanenge N, Mariki H, Mkony M, Manji KP. Caudal regression syndrome without maternal diabetes mellitus. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:16/3/e253136. [PMID: 36958756 PMCID: PMC10040001 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caudal regression is a rare complex disorder impacting the formation of the caudal segment of the spine and spinal cord. We report a preterm newborn baby who was referred to us due to respiratory distress syndrome and bilateral knee contracture. A clinical examination and a radiographic skeletal survey revealed a short spinal cord with complete agenesis of the lumbar, sacrum and coccygeal spine, and hypoplastic iliac bones with bilateral knee contractures. The mother did not have diabetes. The long-term outcome is not well-known in our set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Mwamanenge
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Haika Mariki
- Pediatrics, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Martha Mkony
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Karim Premji Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
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21
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Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil in Beta-Cyclodextrin for Solid-State Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030914. [PMID: 36986775 PMCID: PMC10051612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance related to the misuse of antibiotics is a well-known current topic. Their excessive use in several fields has led to enormous selective pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria, driving the evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes with severe impacts on human health. Among all the possible strategies, a viable one could be the development of medical features that employ essential oils (EOs), complex natural mixtures extracted from different plant organs, rich in organic compounds showing, among others, antiseptic properties. In this work, green extracted essential oil of Thymus vulgaris was included in cyclic oligosaccharides cyclodextrins (CD) and prepared in the form of tablets. This essential oil has been shown to have a strong transversal efficacy both as an antifungal and as an antibacterial agent. Its inclusion allows its effective use because an extension of the exposure time to the active compounds is obtained and, therefore, a more marked efficacy, especially against biofilm-producing microorganisms such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, was registered. The efficacy of the tablet against candidiasis opens their possible use as a chewable tablet against oral candidiasis and as a vaginal tablet against vaginal candidiasis. Moreover, the registered wide efficacy is even more positive since the proposed approach can be defined as effective, safe, and green. In fact, the natural mixture of the essential oil is produced by the steam current method; therefore, the manufacturer employs substances that are not harmful, with very low production and management costs.
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22
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Vitamin A: A Key Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:7405954. [PMID: 36776154 PMCID: PMC9908342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7405954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, the conversion of preadipocytes to mature functional adipocytes, might represent a new approach to treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α are two master coregulators controlling adipogenesis both in culture and in vivo. Many recent studies have confirmed the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and the conversion of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes; however, these studies have shown that RA potently blocks the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nevertheless, the functional role of RA in early tissue development and stem cell differentiation, including in adipose tissue, remains unclear. This study highlights transcription factors that block adipocyte differentiation and maintain preadipocyte status, focusing on those controlled by RA. However, some of these novel adipogenesis inhibitors have not been validated in vivo, and their mechanisms of action require further clarification.
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23
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Kaplan L, Drexler C, Pfaller AM, Brenna S, Wunderlich KA, Dimitracopoulos A, Merl-Pham J, Perez MT, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Enzmann V, Samardzija M, Puig B, Fuchs P, Franze K, Hauck SM, Grosche A. Retinal regions shape human and murine Müller cell proteome profile and functionality. Glia 2023; 71:391-414. [PMID: 36334068 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human macula is a highly specialized retinal region with pit-like morphology and rich in cones. How Müller cells, the principal glial cell type in the retina, are adapted to this environment is still poorly understood. We compared proteomic data from cone- and rod-rich retinae from human and mice and identified different expression profiles of cone- and rod-associated Müller cells that converged on pathways representing extracellular matrix and cell adhesion. In particular, epiplakin (EPPK1), which is thought to play a role in intermediate filament organization, was highly expressed in macular Müller cells. Furthermore, EPPK1 knockout in a human Müller cell-derived cell line led to a decrease in traction forces as well as to changes in cell size, shape, and filopodia characteristics. We here identified EPPK1 as a central molecular player in the region-specific architecture of the human retina, which likely enables specific functions under the immense mechanical loads in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Drexler
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna M Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santra Brenna
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Dimitracopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Theresa Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,NanoLund, Nanometer Structure Consortium, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berta Puig
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fuchs
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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24
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Zhang Q, Zheng S, Shi X, Luo C, Huang W, Lin H, Peng J, Tan W, Wu K. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107745. [PMID: 36657258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As a substitute for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is widely used in our daily products and diffusely exists in our living surroundings, but there is a paucity of information concerning its neurodevelopmental toxicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of TPhP exposure on developmental parameters, locomotor behavior, oxidative stress, apoptosis and transcriptional levels in zebrafish at different developmental stages, so as to explore the effects of TPhP exposure on zebrafish neural development and the underlying molecular mechanisms. TPhP concentration gradient exposure reduced the survival rate, hatchability, heart rate, body length and eye distance of zebrafish embryos/larvae, and caused malformations of zebrafish larvae. TPhP also leads to abnormal locomotor behaviors, such as reduced swimming distance and swimming speed, and impaired panic avoidance reflex to high light stimulation. TPhP caused ROS accumulation in 96 hpf larvae and induced Nrf2-antioxidant response in zebrafish. In addition, TPhP further activated mitochondrial signaling pathways, which affected apoptosis in the zebrafish eye region, resulting in visual impairment. Neurodevelopmental (mbpa, syn2a, foxo3a and pax6a), Retinoid acid metabolism (cyp26a1, raraa, rbp5, rdh1, crabp1a and rbp2a) and apoptosis-related genes (bcl2a, baxa and casp9) revealed the molecular mechanism of abnormal behavior and phenotypic symptoms, and also indicated that 96 hpf larvae are more sensitive than 7 dpf larvae. Thus, in the present study, we revealed the neurotoxic effects of TPhP at different early life stages in zebrafish, and zebrafish locomotor behavior impairments induced by TPhP exposure are attributed to co-regulation of visuomotor dysfunction and neuro-related genes. These results suggest that the safety of TPhP in organisms and even in humans needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Henghui Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Xia Y, Cui K, Alonso A, Lowenstein ED, Hernandez-Miranda LR. Transcription factors regulating the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1072475. [PMID: 36523603 PMCID: PMC9745097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breathing (or respiration) is an unconscious and complex motor behavior which neuronal drive emerges from the brainstem. In simplistic terms, respiratory motor activity comprises two phases, inspiration (uptake of oxygen, O2) and expiration (release of carbon dioxide, CO2). Breathing is not rigid, but instead highly adaptable to external and internal physiological demands of the organism. The neurons that generate, monitor, and adjust breathing patterns locate to two major brainstem structures, the pons and medulla oblongata. Extensive research over the last three decades has begun to identify the developmental origins of most brainstem neurons that control different aspects of breathing. This research has also elucidated the transcriptional control that secures the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation that operates during the specification of respiratory neurons, and we will highlight the cell lineages that contribute to the central respiratory circuit. Lastly, we will discuss on genetic disturbances altering transcription factor regulation and their impact in hypoventilation disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Xia
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Cui
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Functional Genoarchitecture and Neurobiology Groups, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elijah D. Lowenstein
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R. Hernandez-Miranda
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Nuclear Proteomics of Induced Leukemia Cell Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203221. [PMID: 36291090 PMCID: PMC9600443 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of induced granulocytic differentiation help to reveal molecular mechanisms of cell maturation. The nuclear proteome represents a rich source of regulatory molecules, including transcription factors (TFs). It is important to have an understanding of molecular perturbations at the early stages of the differentiation processes. By applying the proteomic quantitative profiling using isobaric labeling, we found that the contents of 214, 319, 376, 426, and 391 proteins were altered at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 72 h, respectively, compared to 0 h in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction under all-trans-retinoid acid (ATRA) treatment. From 1860 identified nuclear proteins, 231 proteins were annotated as proteins with transcription factor (TF) activity. Six TFs (RREB1, SRCAP, CCDC124, TRIM24, BRD7, and BUD31) were downregulated and three TFs EWSR1, ENO1, and FUS were upregulated at early time points (3–12 h) after ATRA treatment. Bioinformatic annotation indicates involvement of the HL-60 nuclear proteome in DNA damage recognition in the RUNX1-triggered pathway, and in the p53-regulation pathway. By applying scheduled multiple reaction monitoring using stable isotopically labeled peptide standards (MRM/SIS), we found a persistent increase in the content of the following proteins: PRAM1, CEPBP, RBPJ, and HIC1 in the HL-60 cell nuclear fraction during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. In the case of STAT1, CASP3, PARP1, and PRKDC proteins, a transient increase in their content was observed at early time points (3–12 h) after the ATRA treatment. Obtained data on nuclear proteome composition and dynamics during granulocytic differentiation could be beneficial for the development of new treatment approaches for leukemias with the mutated p53 gene.
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27
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Sehnal L, Smutná M, Bláhová L, Babica P, Šplíchalová P, Hilscherová K. The Origin of Teratogenic Retinoids in Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090636. [PMID: 36136574 PMCID: PMC9501733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although information about the occurrence and distribution of retinoids in the environment is scarce, cyanobacterial water blooms have been identified as a significant source of these small molecules. Despite the confirmed presence of retinoids in the freshwater blooms dominated by cyanobacteria and their described teratogenic effects, reliable identification of retinoid producers and the mechanism of their biosynthesis is missing. In this study, the cultures of several taxonomically diverse species of axenic cyanobacteria were confirmed as significant producers of retinoid-like compounds. The consequent bioinformatic analysis suggested that the enzymatic background required for the biosynthesis of all-trans retinoic acid from retinal is not present across phylum Cyanobacteria. However, we demonstrated that retinal conversion into other retinoids can be mediated non-enzymatically by free radical oxidation, which leads to the production of retinoids widely detected in cyanobacteria and environmental water blooms, such as all-trans retinoic acid or all-trans 5,6epoxy retinoic acid. Importantly, the production of these metabolites by cyanobacteria in association with the mass development of water blooms can lead to adverse impacts in aquatic ecosystems regarding the described teratogenicity of retinoids. Moreover, our finding that retinal can be non-enzymatically converted into more bioactive retinoids, also in water, and out of the cells, increases the environmental significance of this process.
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28
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Enteric Neural Network Assembly Was Promoted by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vitamin A but Inhibited by Epidermal Growth Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182841. [PMID: 36139415 PMCID: PMC9496868 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending well beyond the original use of propagating neural precursors from the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia, neurosphere medium (NSM) and self-renewal medium (SRM) are two distinct formulas with widespread popularity in enteric neural stem cell (ENSC) applications. However, it remains unknown what growth factors or nutrients are crucial to ENSC development, let alone whether the discrepancy in their components may affect the outcomes of ENSC culture. Dispersed enterocytes from murine fetal gut were nurtured in NSM, SRM or their modifications by selective component elimination or addition to assess their effects on ENSC development. NSM generated neuriteless neurospheres, whereas SRM, even deprived of chicken embryo extract, might wire ganglia together to assemble neural networks. The distinct outcomes came from epidermal growth factor, which inhibited enteric neuronal wiring in NSM. In contrast, basic fibroblast growth factor promoted enteric neurogenesis, gangliogenesis, and neuronal wiring. Moreover, vitamin A derivatives might facilitate neuronal maturation evidenced by p75 downregulation during ENSC differentiation toward enteric neurons to promote gangliogenesis and network assembly. Our results might help to better manipulate ENSC propagation and differentiation in vitro, and open a new avenue for the study of enteric neuronal neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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29
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Vitamin A Deficiency Alters the Phototransduction Machinery and Distinct Non-Vision-Specific Pathways in the Drosophila Eye Proteome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081083. [PMID: 36008977 PMCID: PMC9405971 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirement of vitamin A for the synthesis of the visual chromophore and the light-sensing pigments has been studied in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. To identify the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the ocular response to vitamin A deprivation, we took advantage of the fact that Drosophila melanogaster predominantly requires vitamin A for vision, but not for development or survival. We analyzed the impacts of vitamin A deficiency on the morphology, the lipidome, and the proteome of the Drosophila eye. We found that chronic vitamin A deprivation damaged the light-sensing compartments and caused a dramatic loss of visual pigments, but also decreased the molar abundance of most phototransduction proteins that amplify and transduce the visual signal. Unexpectedly, vitamin A deficiency also decreased the abundances of specific subunits of mitochondrial TCA cycle and respiratory chain components but increased the levels of cuticle- and lens-related proteins. In contrast, we found no apparent effects of vitamin A deficiency on the ocular lipidome. In summary, chronic vitamin A deficiency decreases the levels of most components of the visual signaling pathway, but also affects molecular pathways that are not vision-specific and whose mechanistic connection to vitamin A remains to be elucidated.
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30
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Petrova SY, Albanova VI. Barrier function of the skin and the role of fat-soluble vitamins in the correction of its disorders. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2022. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the skin is to protect the body from negative environmental influences. The physical barrier permeability is mainly represented by the stratum corneum; however, other layers of the epidermis and the dermis are its important components. The mechanical strength of the skin is provided by intercellular contacts in the epidermis and structural proteins of the dermis. The chemical-biological barrier includes lipids, acids, natural moisturizing factor and antimicrobial peptides. Mucosal immunity system creates a barrier against infection. The microflora of healthy skin counteracts its colonization by pathogens and is vital for its immune functions. Physiological processes in the skin are closely related. A violation in one of them often leads to the formation of a whole cascade of pathological reactions affecting all the links of its protection. Vitamins A, D and E are used to correct impaired barrier function of the skin. The most pronounced effect of vitamin A (retinol palmitate) is the proliferation of epidermal cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix structures of the dermis; vitamin D (cholecalciferol) regulation of differentiation and suppression of excessive proliferation of keratinocytes; vitamin E (tocopherol acetate) antioxidant effect. The combined use of these vitamins in the composition of RadevitActive ointment affects all the main elements of the protection of the epidermis and dermis: strengthens the mechanical strength of the stratum corneum and dermis, stabilizes chemical and physical protection, including prevents the penetration of foreign substances and microorganisms, reduces transepidermal loss of water and electrolytes, reduces the damaging effect of UV, increases antimicrobial and antioxidant protection.
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The pharmaco-therapy potential of astaxanthin: human and animal targeting roles. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent pandemic stress and the impacts of climatic changes on humans’ and animals’ health status and well-being resulted in severe drawbacks. Initially, stress-induced oxidation resulting from the generation of free radicals leading to the impairment of cellular function and a high possibility of attack with infection. Astaxanthin is a bioactive material derived from fish, crustaceans, and algae with high antioxidative potential. Astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble carotenoid that can easily cross through the cellular membrane layers to catch the reactive oxygen metabolites. Astaxanthin also has pigmentation properties making it suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, agriculture, and aquaculture sectors. Recently, astaxanthin is suggested as a natural scavenger for free radicals induced by COVID-19. Besides, using astaxanthin as antioxidative and immunostimulant agents is well-reported in several clinical studies. The output of these investigations should be simplified and presented to the scientific community to utilize the available information and fill the gap of knowledge. Also, it is necessary to update the researchers with the recent recommendations of applying astaxanthin in vivo and in vitro to help in proposing new horizons for engaging natural antioxidative agents to protect human and animal health. Herein, this review article tackled the nature, sources, potential roles, applicable sides, and availability of astaxanthin to fortify the scientific community with the required knowledge for further research efforts.
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Pípal M, Novák J, Rafajová A, Smutná M, Hilscherová K. Teratogenicity of retinoids detected in surface waters in zebrafish embryos and its predictability by in vitro assays. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 246:106151. [PMID: 35390581 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids are newly detected compounds in aquatic ecosystems associated with cyanobacterial water blooms. Their potential health risks are only scarcely described despite numerous detections of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its derivatives in the environment. Besides the known teratogen ATRA there is only little or no information about their potency and namely their effects in vivo. We characterize ATRA and 8 other retinoids reported to occur in the environment for their bioactivity and teratogenicity using four in vitro reporter gene assays and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryotoxicity assay. Our results document the ability of these compounds to interfere with retinoid signalling and cause teratogenicity at environmentally relevant levels with EC50 values at nM (hundreds of ng/L) levels and teratogenic indexes ranging from 2.8 (9cis retinoic acid) to 15.8 (retinal). The relative potency of individual compounds for teratogenicity ranged from 0.059 (retinal) to 0.96 (5,6-epoxy ATRA) when compared to ATRA. An environmentally relevant mixture of retinoids was tested showing good predictability of teratogenicity from the in vitro activities and additive toxicity of the mixture. The high teratogenicity of the newly described compounds associated with cyanobacteria presents a concern for developmental stages due to high conservation of the retinoid signalling across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pípal
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rafajová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic.
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Kim DH, Ahn J, Suh Y, Ziouzenkova O, Lee JW, Lee K. Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876031. [PMID: 35493071 PMCID: PMC9047791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol is an essential nutrient in animals. Its metabolites, specifically retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for cell differentiation, including adipogenesis. Retinol binding protein 7 (Rbp7) is under the control of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the role of RBP7 in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study showed that Rbp7 was abundantly expressed in white and brown mouse adipose tissues and had a higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal vascular fraction. Rbp7 overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with increased triglyceride accumulation and up-regulation of Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and AdipoQ. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression, which were rescued by RA supplementation. Indirect assessment of relative nuclear RA levels using RAR response element (RARE)-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased RARE-Luc reporter activity. Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression of those genes involved in retinol metabolism. These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis. Our data indicate critical RBP7 functions in adipocytes: regulation of transcriptional activity of RARE and adipocytes differentiation, potentially providing a new target for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Rekler D, Kalcheim C. Completion of neural crest cell production and emigration is regulated by retinoic-acid-dependent inhibition of BMP signaling. eLife 2022; 11:72723. [PMID: 35394423 PMCID: PMC8993216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and emigration of neural crest cells is a transient process followed by the emergence of the definitive roof plate. The mechanisms regulating the end of neural crest ontogeny are poorly understood. Whereas early crest development is stimulated by mesoderm-derived retinoic acid, we report that the end of the neural crest period is regulated by retinoic acid synthesized in the dorsal neural tube. Inhibition of retinoic acid signaling in the neural tube prevents the normal upregulation of BMP inhibitors in the nascent roof plate and prolongs the period of BMP responsiveness which otherwise ceases close to roof plate establishment. Consequently, neural crest production and emigration are extended well into the roof plate stage. In turn, extending the activity of neural crest-specific genes inhibits the onset of retinoic acid synthesis in roof plate suggesting a mutual repressive interaction between neural crest and roof plate traits. Although several roof plate-specific genes are normally expressed in the absence of retinoic acid signaling, roof plate and crest markers are co-expressed in single cells and this domain also contains dorsal interneurons. Hence, the cellular and molecular architecture of the roof plate is compromised. Collectively, our results demonstrate that neural tube-derived retinoic acid, via inhibition of BMP signaling, is an essential factor responsible for the end of neural crest generation and the proper segregation of dorsal neural lineages. The division between the central nervous system – formed by the brain and spinal cord – and the peripheral nervous system – which consists of the neurons that sense and relay information to and from the body – takes place early during embryonic development. Initially, the nervous system consists of a tube of cells called the neural tube. From the top region of this tube, some cells change their shape, exit the tube and migrate to different places in the developing body. These cells are called the ‘neural crest’, and they form many different structures, including the peripheral nervous system. Neural crest cells keep leaving the neural tube for a period of time, but after that, the neural tube stops producing them. At this point, the region of the neural tube that had been producing neural crest cells becomes the ‘roof plate’ of the central nervous system, a structure that is essential for the development of specific groups of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In bird embryos, a protein called bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is essential for neural crest production because it triggers the migration of these cells away from the neural tube. Before the roof plate is formed, the activity of BMP is blocked by proteins known as BMP inhibitors, which stop more cells from leaving the neural tube. Around the time when neural crest formation stops, another molecule called retinoic acid begins to be synthesized in the top region of the neural tube. Rekler and Kalcheim asked whether retinoic acid is involved in the transition from neural crest to roof plate. To test this hypothesis, Rekler and Kalcheim blocked the activity of retinoic acid in the neural tube of quail embryos at the time when they should stop producing neural crest cells. This resulted in embryos in which the neural tube keeps producing neural crest cells after the roof plate has formed. In these embryos, individual cells in the resulting ‘roof plate’ produced both proteins that are normally only found in neural crest cells, and proteins typically exclusive to the roof plate. This suggests that, in the absence of retinoic acid activity, the segregation of neural crest identity from roof plate identity is compromised. Rekler and Kalcheim also found that, in the embryos where retinoic acid activity had been blocked, the cells in the area where the roof plate should be produced virtually no BMP inhibitors, and exhibited extended BMP activity. This allowed neural crest cells to continue forming and migrating away from the neural tube well after the period when they would stop in a normal embryo. These results indicate that retinoic acid stops the production of neural crest cells by repressing BMP activity in the roof plate of the neural tube. Rekler and Kalcheim’s experiments shed light on the mechanisms that allow the central and peripheral nervous systems to become segregated. This could increase our understanding of the origin of several neurodevelopmental disorders, potentially providing insights into their treatment or prevention. Additionally, the process of neural crest production and exit from the neural tube is highly similar to the process of metastasis in many invasive cancers. Thus, by understanding how the production of neural crest cells is terminated, it may be possible to learn how to prevent malignant cancer cells from spreading through the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Rekler
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhang X, Cong Y, Chu Z, Shi L, Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Geng S, Guo K. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of RARβ by TET2 is involved in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma resistance to retinoic acid. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106190. [PMID: 35248720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the growing incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), the treatment-resistant invasive CSCC should be taken seriously. Retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) functions as a tumor suppressor gene and is associated with the proliferation inhibition to retinoic acid. Demethylase TET2 directed epigenetic landscape contributes to cell malignant transform and is involved in therapeutic resistance in tumors. Whether aberrant TET2 participated in the deficient RARβ remains largely unknown. Hereby, we identified the aberrant-TET2 directed epigenetic landscape contribute to the deficient RARβ in CSCC. METHODS The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RARβ and TET2. The bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to detect the RARβ promoter methylation. Plasmid transfection was used to upregulate TET2 in CSCC cells. Stable overxpressed TET2 cells were used to detect the effect of TET2 on RARβ and drug sensitivity in the CCSC. RESULTS We observed RARβ decreased with promoter hypermethylation in CSCC and aberrant TET2 associated with deficient RARβ. We upregulated TET2 could reverse promoter hypermethylation and showed a significantly increased expression of RARβ, which enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to retinoic acid treatment. CONCLUSION Aberrant TET2 leaded to the hypermethylation of RARβ promoter, which contributed to the deficient RARβ in CSCC. While reversing the hypermethylation of the RARβ promoter by recovering the TET2 could enhance tumor cells to be sensitive to retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Cong
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhaowei Chu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Sears KE, Gullapalli K, Trivedi D, Mihas A, Bukys MA, Jensen J. Controlling neural territory patterning from pluripotency using a systems developmental biology approach. iScience 2022; 25:104133. [PMID: 35434550 PMCID: PMC9010746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful manufacture of specialized human cells requires process understanding of directed differentiation. Here, we apply high-dimensional Design of Experiments (HD-DoE) methodology to identify critical process parameters (CPPs) that govern neural territory patterning from pluripotency—the first stage toward specification of central nervous system (CNS) cell fates. Using computerized experimental design, 7 developmental signaling pathways were simultaneously perturbed in human pluripotent stem cell culture. Regionally specific genes spanning the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the developing embryo were measured after 3 days and mathematical models describing pathway control were developed using regression analysis. High-dimensional models revealed particular combinations of signaling inputs that induce expression profiles consistent with emerging CNS territories and defined CPPs for anterior and posterior neuroectoderm patterning. The results demonstrate the importance of combinatorial control during neural induction and challenge the use of generic neural induction strategies such as dual-SMAD inhibition, when seeking to specify particular lineages from pluripotency. Mathematical models describe pathway control of neuroectoderm marker expression Stage 1 media conditions optimized for regionally specific neuroectoderm in 3 days Optimized conditions are more consistent than dual-SMADi across hiPSC lines
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Gur M, Bendelac-Kapon L, Shabtai Y, Pillemer G, Fainsod A. Reduced Retinoic Acid Signaling During Gastrulation Induces Developmental Microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844619. [PMID: 35372345 PMCID: PMC8967241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a central signaling molecule regulating multiple developmental decisions during embryogenesis. Excess RA induces head malformations, primarily by expansion of posterior brain structures at the expense of anterior head regions, i.e., hindbrain expansion. Despite this extensively studied RA teratogenic effect, a number of syndromes exhibiting microcephaly, such as DiGeorge, Vitamin A Deficiency, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and others, have been attributed to reduced RA signaling. This causative link suggests a requirement for RA signaling during normal head development in all these syndromes. To characterize this novel RA function, we studied the involvement of RA in the early events leading to head formation in Xenopus embryos. This effect was mapped to the earliest RA biosynthesis in the embryo within the gastrula Spemann-Mangold organizer. Head malformations were observed when reduced RA signaling was induced in the endogenous Spemann-Mangold organizer and in the ectopic organizer of twinned embryos. Two embryonic retinaldehyde dehydrogenases, ALDH1A2 (RALDH2) and ALDH1A3 (RALDH3) are initially expressed in the organizer and subsequently mark the trunk and the migrating leading edge mesendoderm, respectively. Gene-specific knockdowns and CRISPR/Cas9 targeting show that RALDH3 is a key enzyme involved in RA production required for head formation. These observations indicate that in addition to the teratogenic effect of excess RA on head development, RA signaling also has a positive and required regulatory role in the early formation of the head during gastrula stages. These results identify a novel RA activity that concurs with its proposed reduction in syndromes exhibiting microcephaly.
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Synthesis, in-vivo anti-diabetic & anticancer activities and molecular modelling studies of tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole tethered nicotinohydrazide derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Vitória JJM, Trigo D, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Revisiting APP secretases: an overview on the holistic effects of retinoic acid receptor stimulation in APP processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:101. [PMID: 35089425 PMCID: PMC11073327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and is characterized by the accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain, along with profound alterations in phosphorylation-related events and regulatory pathways. The production of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide via amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a crucial step in AD development. APP is highly expressed in the brain and is complexly metabolized by a series of sequential secretases, commonly denoted the α-, β-, and γ-cleavages. The toxicity of resulting fragments is a direct consequence of the first cleaving event. β-secretase (BACE1) induces amyloidogenic cleavages, while α-secretases (ADAM10 and ADAM17) result in less pathological peptides. Hence this first cleavage event is a prime therapeutic target for preventing or reverting initial biochemical events involved in AD. The subsequent cleavage by γ-secretase has a reduced impact on Aβ formation but affects the peptides' aggregating capacity. An array of therapeutic strategies are being explored, among them targeting Retinoic Acid (RA) signalling, which has long been associated with neuronal health. Additionally, several studies have described altered RA levels in AD patients, reinforcing RA Receptor (RAR) signalling as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review we provide a holistic approach focussing on the effects of isoform-specific RAR modulation with respect to APP secretases and discuss its advantages and drawbacks in subcellular AD related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J M Vitória
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Trigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Morato NM, Hallett JE, Wang WH, Elzey BD, Cresswell GM, Cooper BR, Ferreira CR. Changes in Lipid Profile and SOX-2 Expression in RM-1 Cells after Co-Culture with Preimplantation Embryos or with Deproteinated Blastocyst Extracts. Mol Omics 2022; 18:480-489. [PMID: 35506630 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic environment can modify cancer cell metabolism, and it is reported to induce the loss of tumorigenic properties and even affect the differentiation of cancer cells into normal tissues....
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M Morato
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Judy E Hallett
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Gene Editing Core, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bruce R Cooper
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Dickinson AJG, Turner SD, Wahl S, Kennedy AE, Wyatt BH, Howton DA. E-liquids and vanillin flavoring disrupts retinoic acid signaling and causes craniofacial defects in Xenopus embryos. Dev Biol 2022; 481:14-29. [PMID: 34543654 PMCID: PMC8665092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental teratogens such as smoking are known risk factors for developmental disorders such as cleft palate. While smoking rates have declined, a new type of smoking, called vaping is on the rise. Vaping is the use of e-cigarettes to vaporize and inhale an e-liquid containing nicotine and food-like flavors. There is the potential that, like smoking, vaping could also pose a danger to the developing human. Rather than waiting for epidemiological and mammalian studies, we have turned to an aquatic developmental model, Xenopus laevis, to more quickly assess whether e-liquids contain teratogens that could lead to craniofacial malformations. Xenopus, like zebrafish, has the benefit of being a well-established developmental model and has also been effective in predicting whether a chemical could be a teratogen. We have determined that embryonic exposure to dessert flavored e-liquids can cause craniofacial abnormalities, including an orofacial cleft in Xenopus. To better understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to these defects, transcriptomic analysis of the facial tissues of embryos exposed to a representative dessert flavored e-liquid vapor extract was performed. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in these embryos revealed several genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism or the signaling pathway. Consistently, retinoic acid receptor inhibition phenocopied the craniofacial defects as those embryos exposed to the vapor extract of the e-liquid. Such malformations also correlated with a group of common differentially expressed genes, two of which are associated with midface birth defects in humans. Further, e-liquid exposure sensitized embryos to forming craniofacial malformations when they already had depressed retinoic acid signaling. Moreover, 13-cis-retinoic acid treatment could significantly reduce the e-liquid induced malformation in the midface. Such results suggest the possibility of an interaction between retinoic acid signaling and e-liquid exposure. One of the most popular and concentrated flavoring chemicals in dessert flavored e-liquids is vanillin. Xenopus embryos exposed to this chemical closely resembled embryos exposed to dessert-like e-liquids and a retinoic acid receptor antagonist. In summary, we determined that e-liquid chemicals, in particular vanillin, can cause craniofacial defects potentially by dysregulating retinoic acid signaling. This work warrants the evaluation of vanillin and other such flavoring additives in e-liquids on mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen D Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Signature Science LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stacey Wahl
- Research and Education Department, Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Allyson E Kennedy
- Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Brent H Wyatt
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Deborah A Howton
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Commentary on: Evaluation of spice and herb as phyto-derived selective modulators of human retinaldehyde dehydrogenases using simple in vitro method. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230568. [PMID: 34940794 PMCID: PMC8753342 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly known that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a promising therapeutic target in many diseases. Bui et al. - the authors of the paper I am discussing here (Biosci Rep (2021) 41(5): BSR20210491; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20210491) - point that there is a lack of research on the use of spices and herbs as the sources of naturally occurring modulators of ALDH activity. In order to carry out this type of research, the authors prepared ethanolic extracts of 22 spices and herbs. The main objective of the study was to investigate retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), of which retinal is the main substrate and ALDH2, the mitochondrial isoform, having acetaldehyde as the main substrate. The obtained results indicated that the tested extracts exhibited differential regulatory effects on RALDHs/ALDH2 and some of them showed a potential selective inhibition of the activity of RALDHs.
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Kakebeen AD, Niswander L. Micronutrient imbalance and common phenotypes in neural tube defects. Genesis 2021; 59:e23455. [PMID: 34665506 PMCID: PMC8599664 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common birth defects, with a prevalence of close to 19 per 10,000 births worldwide. The etiology of NTDs is complex involving the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Since nutrient deficiency is a risk factor and dietary changes are the major preventative measure to reduce the risk of NTDs, a more detailed understanding of how common micronutrient imbalances contribute to NTDs is crucial. While folic acid has been the most discussed environmental factor due to the success that population-wide fortification has had on prevention of NTDs, folic acid supplementation does not prevent all NTDs. The imbalance of several other micronutrients has been implicated as risks for NTDs by epidemiological studies and in vivo studies in animal models. In this review, we highlight recent literature deciphering the multifactorial mechanisms underlying NTDs with an emphasis on mouse and human data. Specifically, we focus on advances in our understanding of how too much or too little retinoic acid, zinc, and iron alter gene expression and cellular processes contributing to the pathobiology of NTDs. Synthesis of the discussed literature reveals common cellular phenotypes found in embryos with NTDs resulting from several micronutrient imbalances. The goal is to combine knowledge of these common cellular phenotypes with mechanisms underlying micronutrient imbalances to provide insights into possible new targets for preventative measures against NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Dixie Kakebeen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Bang J, Han M, Yoo TJ, Qiao L, Jung J, Na J, Carlson BA, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL, Kim JH, Kim LK, Lee BJ. Identification of Signaling Pathways for Early Embryonic Lethality and Developmental Retardation in Sephs1-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111647. [PMID: 34769078 PMCID: PMC8583877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SEPHS1) plays an essential role in cell growth and survival. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the pathways regulated by SEPHS1 during gastrulation were determined by bioinformatical analyses and experimental verification using systemic knockout mice targeting Sephs1. We found that the coagulation system and retinoic acid signaling were most highly affected by SEPHS1 deficiency throughout gastrulation. Gene expression patterns of altered embryo morphogenesis and inhibition of Wnt signaling were predicted with high probability at E6.5. These predictions were verified by structural abnormalities in the dermal layer of Sephs1−/− embryos. At E7.5, organogenesis and activation of prolactin signaling were predicted to be affected by Sephs1 knockout. Delay of head fold formation was observed in the Sephs1−/− embryos. At E8.5, gene expression associated with organ development and insulin-like growth hormone signaling that regulates organ growth during development was altered. Consistent with these observations, various morphological abnormalities of organs and axial rotation failure were observed. We also found that the gene sets related to redox homeostasis and apoptosis were gradually enriched in a time-dependent manner until E8.5. However, DNA damage and apoptosis markers were detected only when the Sephs1−/− embryos aged to E9.5. Our results suggest that SEPHS1 deficiency causes a gradual increase of oxidative stress which changes signaling pathways during gastrulation, and afterwards leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyoung Bang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Minguk Han
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Tack-Jin Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Lu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jisu Jung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jiwoon Na
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.C.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.A.C.); (D.L.H.)
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.K.); (B.J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-880-6775 (B.J.L.)
| | - Byeong Jae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.B.); (M.H.)
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.-J.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.J.); (J.N.); (J.-H.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.K.); (B.J.L.); Tel.: +82-2-880-6775 (B.J.L.)
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Duong TB, Waxman JS. Patterning of vertebrate cardiac progenitor fields by retinoic acid signaling. Genesis 2021; 59:e23458. [PMID: 34665508 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling on vertebrate development has a well-studied history. Cumulatively, we now understand that RA signaling has a conserved requirement early in development restricting cardiac progenitors within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of RA signaling in vertebrate models have shown that proper heart development is achieved through the deployment of positive and negative feedback mechanisms, which maintain appropriate RA levels. In this brief review, we present a chronological overview of key work that has led to a current model of the critical role for early RA signaling in limiting the generation of cardiac progenitors within vertebrate embryos. Furthermore, we integrate the previous work in mice and our recent findings using zebrafish, which together show that RA signaling has remarkably conserved influences on the later-differentiating progenitor populations at the arterial and venous poles. We discuss how recognizing the significant conservation of RA signaling on the differentiation of these progenitor populations offers new perspectives and may impact future work dedicated to examining vertebrate heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany B Duong
- Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Cho K, Lee SM, Heo J, Kwon YM, Chung D, Yu WJ, Bae SS, Choi G, Lee DS, Kim Y. Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibition-Related Adverse Outcome Pathway: Potential Risk of Retinoic Acid Synthesis Inhibition during Embryogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110739. [PMID: 34822523 PMCID: PMC8623920 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is one of the factors crucial for cell growth, differentiation, and embryogenesis; it interacts with the retinoic acid receptor and retinoic acid X receptor to eventually regulate target gene expression in chordates. RA is transformed from retinaldehyde via oxidization by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH), which belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. Several chemicals, including disulphiram, diethylaminobenzaldehyde, and SB-210661, can effectively inhibit RALDH activity, potentially causing reproductive and developmental toxicity. The modes of action can be sequentially explained based on the molecular initiating event toward key events, and finally the adverse outcomes. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual and theoretical framework that describes the sequential chain of casually liked events at different biological levels from molecular events to adverse effects. In the present review, we discussed a recently registered AOP (AOP297; inhibition of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase leads to population decline) to explain and support the weight of evidence for RALDH inhibition-related developmental toxicity using the existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Cho
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Sang-Moo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Jina Heo
- Department of Growth Engine Research, Chungbuk Research Institute (CRI), Chungju 28517, Korea;
| | - Yong Min Kwon
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Woon-Jong Yu
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Seung Seob Bae
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Korea; (K.C.); (Y.M.K.); (D.C.); (W.-J.Y.); (S.S.B.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Campus E 7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (Y.K.)
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Dewett D, Labaf M, Lam-Kamath K, Zarringhalam K, Rister J. Vitamin A deficiency affects gene expression in the Drosophila melanogaster head. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab297. [PMID: 34849795 PMCID: PMC8527478 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A causes various human diseases. For instance, chronic vitamin A deprivation causes blindness, slow growth, impaired immunity, and an increased risk of mortality in children. In contrast to these diverse effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in mammals, chronic VAD in flies neither causes obvious developmental defects nor lethality. As in mammals, VAD in flies severely affects the visual system: it impairs the synthesis of the retinal chromophore, disrupts the formation of the visual pigments (Rhodopsins), and damages the photoreceptors. However, the molecular mechanisms that respond to VAD remain poorly understood. To identify genes and signaling pathways that are affected by VAD, we performed RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. We found an upregulation of genes that are essential for the synthesis of the retinal chromophore, specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and major nutrient reservoir proteins. We also discovered that VAD affects several genes that are required for the termination of the light response: for instance, we found a downregulation of both arrestin genes that are essential for the inactivation of Rhodopsin. A comparison of the VAD-responsive genes with previously identified blue light stress-responsive genes revealed that the two types of environmental stress trigger largely nonoverlapping transcriptome responses. Yet, both stresses increase the expression of seven genes with poorly understood functions. Taken together, our transcriptome analysis offers insights into the molecular mechanisms that respond to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshe Dewett
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Maryam Labaf
- Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Khanh Lam-Kamath
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Kourosh Zarringhalam
- Department of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jens Rister
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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Human Placental Transcriptome Reveals Critical Alterations in Inflammation and Energy Metabolism with Fetal Sex Differences in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157899. [PMID: 34360662 PMCID: PMC8347496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-functioning placenta is crucial for normal gestation and regulates the nutrient, gas, and waste exchanges between the maternal and fetal circulations and is an important endocrine organ producing hormones that regulate both the maternal and fetal physiologies during pregnancy. Placental insufficiency is implicated in spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). We proposed that deficits in the capacity of the placenta to maintain bioenergetic and metabolic stability during pregnancy may ultimately result in SPTB. To explore our hypothesis, we performed a RNA-seq study in male and female placentas from women with SPTB (<36 weeks gestation) compared to normal pregnancies (≥38 weeks gestation) to assess the alterations in the gene expression profiles. We focused exclusively on Black women (cases and controls), who are at the highest risk of SPTB. Six hundred and seventy differentially expressed genes were identified in male SPTB placentas. Among them, 313 and 357 transcripts were increased and decreased, respectively. In contrast, only 61 differentially expressed genes were identified in female SPTB placenta. The ingenuity pathway analysis showed alterations in the genes and canonical pathways critical for regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, detoxification, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. Many upstream regulators and master regulators important for nutrient-sensing and metabolism were also altered in SPTB placentas, including the PI3K complex, TGFB1/SMADs, SMARCA4, TP63, CDKN2A, BRCA1, and NFAT. The transcriptome was integrated with published human placental metabolome to assess the interactions of altered genes and metabolites. Collectively, significant and biologically relevant alterations in the transcriptome were identified in SPTB placentas with fetal sex disparities. Altered energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and detoxification may underly the mechanisms of placental dysfunction in SPTB.
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Abstract
Retinoids are defined as molecules that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors to influence the proliferation and differentiation of cells. Topical retinoids have evolved over the past several decades, being used in multiple dermatological conditions. This review aims to differentiate between synthetic and natural retinoids, discuss the pharmacology behind topical retinoids, highlight clinical applications, and categorize all the commercially available agents, including combination products. Understanding retinoid affinities for unique receptor subtypes can impact clinical decisions, resulting in optimizing treatment and enhancing patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Parbeer Grewal
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Rejuvenation Dermatology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sun D, Wang S. Sphingosine kinases are involved in the regulation of all-trans retinoic acid sensitivity of K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:581. [PMID: 34122632 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been reported to be limited both as single-drug treatment or in combination with other drugs. Our previous study demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate attenuated the effects of ATRA on human colon cancer cells by blocking the expression of retinoic acid receptor β. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the ATRA-dependent proliferation inhibition of K562 cells was regulated by sphingosine kinases (SphKs). The results of cell proliferation assay and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that ATRA may exert synergistic effects with the SphK1 inhibitor SKI 5C or the pan-SphK inhibitor SKI II to inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and upregulate the expression levels of the ATRA-inducible enzyme cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1). Knocking down the expression of SphK1 or SphK2 in K562 cells by small interfering RNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of ATRA and induced the expression of CYP26A1. Crude asterosaponins, which abrogated the expression of SphK2, also enhanced the effects of ATRA on K562 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that SphKs may be involved in the regulation of the sensitivity of CML cells to ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Siping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Shan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
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