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Muthumula CMR, Khare S, Jog R, Wickramaratne B, Lee A, Chakder S, Burgess DJ, Gokulan K. Evaluation of gender differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral zileuton nanocrystalline formulation using a rat model. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100254. [PMID: 38774112 PMCID: PMC11107231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Zileuton is a leukotriene inhibitor used to treat asthma. As a BCS class II drug it exhibits challenges with solubility which likely impact its absorption. As patient gender significantly impacts the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, this study aimed to investigate potential gender-based pharmacokinetic differences after oral zileuton administration in rats. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats received single oral gavage doses of pure zileuton as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (30 mg/kg body weight (bw)), physical mixture (PM; at 30 mg/kg bw of the formulation contains zileuton, kollidon VA64 fine, dowfax2A1 and trehalose), and nanocrystalline formulation of zileuton (NfZ; at 30 mg/kg bw of the formulation). Plasma, tissue, and urine concentrations were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis showed higher zileuton levels in the plasma of female versus male rats across all evaluated forms of zileuton (API, PM, and NfZ). Female rats demonstrated higher peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) relative to males, regardless of formulation. These findings reveal substantial gender disparities in the pharmacokinetics of zileuton in the rat model. This study emphasizes the critical need to evaluate gender differences during preclinical drug development to enable gender-based precision dosing strategies for equivalent efficacy/safety outcomes in male and female patients. Additional studies are warranted to investigate underlying mechanisms of such pharmacokinetic gender divergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan Reddy Muthumula
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Rajan Jog
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Bhagya Wickramaratne
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Angela Lee
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
| | - Sushanta Chakder
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, White Oak Campus, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States of America
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States of America
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Pappalardo A, Alvarez Cespedes D, Fang S, Herschman AR, Jeon EY, Myers KM, Kysar JW, Abaci HE. Engineering edgeless human skin with enhanced biomechanical properties. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2514. [PMID: 36706190 PMCID: PMC9882972 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancements in skin bioengineering, 3D skin constructs are still produced as flat tissues with open edges, disregarding the fully enclosed geometry of human skin. Therefore, they do not effectively cover anatomically complex body sites, e.g., hands. Here, we challenge the prevailing paradigm by engineering the skin as a fully enclosed 3D tissue that can be shaped after a body part and seamlessly transplanted as a biological clothing. Our wearable edgeless skin constructs (WESCs) show enhanced dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and mechanical properties compared to conventional constructs. WESCs display region-specific cell/ECM alignment, as well as physiologic anisotropic mechanical properties. WESCs replace the skin in full-thickness wounds of challenging body sites (e.g., mouse hindlimbs) with minimal suturing and shorter surgery time. This study provides a compelling technology that may substantially improve wound care and suggests that the recapitulation of the tissue macroanatomy can lead to enhanced biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pappalardo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Alvarez Cespedes
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuyang Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Abigail R. Herschman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eun Young Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kristin M. Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Kysar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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Human Maternal-Fetal Interface Cellular Models to Assess Antiviral Drug Toxicity during Pregnancy. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed3040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period of elevated risk for viral disease severity, resulting in serious health consequences for both the mother and the fetus; yet antiviral drugs lack comprehensive safety and efficacy data for use among pregnant women. In fact, pregnant women are systematically excluded from therapeutic clinical trials to prevent potential fetal harm. Current FDA-recommended reproductive toxicity assessments are studied using small animals which often do not accurately predict the human toxicological profiles of drug candidates. Here, we review the potential of human maternal-fetal interface cellular models in reproductive toxicity assessment of antiviral drugs. We specifically focus on the 2- and 3-dimensional maternal placental models of different gestational stages and those of fetal embryogenesis and organ development. Screening of drug candidates in physiologically relevant human maternal-fetal cellular models will be beneficial to prioritize selection of safe antiviral therapeutics for clinical trials in pregnant women.
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Validated Preclinical Mouse Model for Therapeutic Testing against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0269322. [PMID: 36094219 PMCID: PMC9603883 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02693-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is outpacing the development of new antibiotics. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are a group of clinically important bacteria that have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and are commonly referred to as multidrug resistant (MDR). The medical and research communities have recognized that, without new antimicrobials, infections by MDR bacteria will soon become a leading cause of morbidity and death. Therefore, there is an ever-growing need to expedite the development of novel antimicrobials to combat these infections. Toward this end, we set out to refine an existing mouse model of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to generate a robust preclinical tool that can be used to rapidly and accurately predict novel antimicrobial efficacy. This refinement was achieved by characterizing the virulence of a panel of genetically diverse MDR P. aeruginosa strains in this model, by both 50% lethal dose (LD50) analysis and natural history studies. Further, we defined two antibiotic regimens (aztreonam and amikacin) that can be used as comparators during the future evaluation of novel antimicrobials, and we confirmed that the model can effectively differentiate between successful and unsuccessful treatments, as predicted by in vitro inhibitory data. This validated model represents an important tool in our arsenal to develop new therapies to combat MDR P. aeruginosa strains, with the ability to provide rapid preclinical evaluation of novel antimicrobials and support data from clinical studies during the investigational drug development process. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is a growing problem that necessitates the development of new antibiotics. Preclinical animal models are important tools to facilitate and speed the development of novel antimicrobials. Successful outcomes in animal models not only justify progression of new drugs into human clinical trials but also can support FDA decisions if clinical trial sizes are small due to a small population of infections with specific drug-resistant strains. However, in both cases the preclinical animal model needs to be well characterized and provide robust and reproducible data. Toward this goal, we have refined an existing mouse model to better predict the efficacy of novel antibiotics. This improved model provides an important tool to better predict the clinical success of new antibiotics.
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Rocha SM, Bantle CM, Aboellail T, Chatterjee D, Smeyne RJ, Tjalkens RB. Rotenone induces regionally distinct α-synuclein protein aggregation and activation of glia prior to loss of dopaminergic neurons in C57Bl/6 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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von Knethen A, Heinicke U, Laux V, Parnham MJ, Steinbicker AU, Zacharowski K. Antioxidants as Therapeutic Agents in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Treatment-From Mice to Men. Biomedicines 2022; 10:98. [PMID: 35052778 PMCID: PMC8773193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of patient mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Considering that no causative treatment but only symptomatic care is available, it is obvious that there is a high unmet medical need for a new therapeutic concept. One reason for a missing etiologic therapy strategy is the multifactorial origin of ARDS, which leads to a large heterogeneity of patients. This review summarizes the various kinds of ARDS onset with a special focus on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generally linked to ARDS development and progression. Taking a closer look at the data which already have been established in mouse models, this review finally proposes the translation of these results on successful antioxidant use in a personalized approach to the ICU patient as a potential adjuvant to standard ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas von Knethen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heinicke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Laux
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea U Steinbicker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Wells CI, Milne TGE, Seo SHB, Chapman SJ, Vather R, Bissett IP, O'Grady G. Post-operative ileus: definitions, mechanisms and controversies. ANZ J Surg 2021; 92:62-68. [PMID: 34676664 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative ileus (POI) is a syndrome of impaired gastrointestinal transit which occurs following abdominal surgery. There are few effective targeted therapies for ileus, and research has been limited by inconsistent definitions and an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Despite considerable effort, there remains no widely-adopted definition of ileus, and recent work has identified variation in outcome reporting is a major source of heterogeneity in clinical trials. Outcomes should be clearly-defined, clinically-relevant, and reflective of the underlying biology, impacts on hospital resources and quality of life. Further collaborative efforts will be needed to develop consensus definitions and a core outcome set for postoperative gastrointestinal recovery. Investigation into the pathophysiology of POI has been hindered by use of low-resolution techniques and difficulties linking cellular mechanisms to dysmotility patterns and clinical symptoms. Recent evidence has suggested the common assumption of post-operative GI paralysis is incorrect, and that the distal colon becomes hyperactive following surgery. The post-operative inflammatory response is important in the pathophysiology of ileus, but the time course of this in humans remains unclear, with the majority of evidence coming from animal models. Future work should investigate dysmotility patterns underlying ileus, and identify biomarkers which may be used to diagnose, monitor and stratify patients with ileus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron I Wells
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony G E Milne
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, Counties Manukau District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Ho Beom Seo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ryash Vather
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian P Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Weckx R, Goossens C, Derde S, Pauwels L, Vander Perre S, Van den Bergh G, Langouche L. Identification of the toxic threshold of 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium supplementation in septic mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:50. [PMID: 34544493 PMCID: PMC8454128 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In septic mice, supplementing parenteral nutrition with 150 mg/day 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium-salt (3HB-Na) has previously shown to prevent muscle weakness without obvious toxicity. The main objective of this study was to identify the toxic threshold of 3HB-Na supplementation in septic mice, prior to translation of this promising intervention to human use. METHODS In a centrally-catheterized, antibiotic-treated, fluid-resuscitated, parenterally fed mouse model of prolonged sepsis, we compared with placebo the effects of stepwise escalating doses starting from 150 mg/day 3HB-Na on illness severity and mortality (n = 103). For 5-day survivors, also the impact on ex-vivo-measured muscle force, blood electrolytes, and markers of vital organ inflammation/damage was documented. RESULTS By doubling the reference dose of 150 mg/day to 300 mg/day 3HB-Na, illness severity scores doubled (p = 0.004) and mortality increased from 30.4 to 87.5 % (p = 0.002). De-escalating this dose to 225 mg still increased mortality (p ≤ 0.03) and reducing the dose to 180 mg/day still increased illness severity (p ≤ 0.04). Doses of 180 mg/day and higher caused more pronounced metabolic alkalosis and hypernatremia (p ≤ 0.04) and increased markers of kidney damage (p ≤ 0.05). Doses of 225 mg/day 3HB-Na and higher caused dehydration of brain and lungs (p ≤ 0.05) and increased markers of hippocampal neuronal damage and inflammation (p ≤ 0.02). Among survivors, 150 mg/day and 180 mg/day increased muscle force compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.05) up to healthy control levels (p ≥ 0.3). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 150 mg/day 3HB-Na supplementation prevented sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice. However, this dose appeared maximally effective though close to the toxic threshold, possibly in part explained by excessive Na+ intake with 3HB-Na. Although lower doses were not tested and thus might still hold therapeutic potential, the current results point towards a low toxic threshold for the clinical use of ketone salts in human critically ill patients. Whether 3HB-esters are equally effective and less toxic should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Weckx
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chloë Goossens
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Derde
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Pauwels
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vander Perre
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Bergh
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 503, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Beecher K, Alvarez Cooper I, Wang J, Walters SB, Chehrehasa F, Bartlett SE, Belmer A. Long-Term Overconsumption of Sugar Starting at Adolescence Produces Persistent Hyperactivity and Neurocognitive Deficits in Adulthood. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:670430. [PMID: 34163325 PMCID: PMC8215656 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.670430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar has become embedded in modern food and beverages. This has led to overconsumption of sugar in children, adolescents, and adults, with more than 60 countries consuming more than four times (>100 g/person/day) the WHO recommendations (25 g/person/day). Recent evidence suggests that obesity and impulsivity from poor dietary habits leads to further overconsumption of processed food and beverages. The long-term effects on cognitive processes and hyperactivity from sugar overconsumption, beginning at adolescence are not known. Using a well-validated mouse model of sugar consumption, we found that long-term sugar consumption, at a level that significantly augments weight gain, elicits an abnormal hyperlocomotor response to novelty and alters both episodic and spatial memory. Our results are similar to those reported in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. The deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory were accompanied by altered hippocampal neurogenesis, with an overall decrease in the proliferation and differentiation of newborn neurons within the dentate gyrus. This suggests that long-term overconsumption of sugar, as that which occurs in the Western Diet might contribute to an increased risk of developing persistent hyperactivity and neurocognitive deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Beecher
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ignatius Alvarez Cooper
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Wang
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shaun B Walters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Addiction Neuroscience and Obesity Laboratory, School of Clinical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Nauwelaerts N, Deferm N, Smits A, Bernardini C, Lammens B, Gandia P, Panchaud A, Nordeng H, Bacci ML, Forni M, Ventrella D, Van Calsteren K, DeLise A, Huys I, Bouisset-Leonard M, Allegaert K, Annaert P. A comprehensive review on non-clinical methods to study transfer of medication into breast milk - A contribution from the ConcePTION project. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111038. [PMID: 33526310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding plays a major role in the health and wellbeing of mother and infant. However, information on the safety of maternal medication during breastfeeding is lacking for most medications. This leads to discontinuation of either breastfeeding or maternal therapy, although many medications are likely to be safe. Since human lactation studies are costly and challenging, validated non-clinical methods would offer an attractive alternative. This review gives an extensive overview of the non-clinical methods (in vitro, in vivo and in silico) to study the transfer of maternal medication into the human breast milk, and subsequent neonatal systemic exposure. Several in vitro models are available, but model characterization, including quantitative medication transport data across the in vitro blood-milk barrier, remains rather limited. Furthermore, animal in vivo models have been used successfully in the past. However, these models don't always mimic human physiology due to species-specific differences. Several efforts have been made to predict medication transfer into the milk based on physicochemical characteristics. However, the role of transporter proteins and several physiological factors (e.g., variable milk lipid content) are not accounted for by these methods. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling offers a mechanism-oriented strategy with bio-relevance. Recently, lactation PBPK models have been reported for some medications, showing at least the feasibility and value of PBPK modelling to predict transfer of medication into the human milk. However, reliable data as input for PBPK models is often missing. The iterative development of in vitro, animal in vivo and PBPK modelling methods seems to be a promising approach. Human in vitro models will deliver essential data on the transepithelial transport of medication, whereas the combination of animal in vitro and in vivo methods will deliver information to establish accurate in vitro/in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) algorithms and mechanistic insights. Such a non-clinical platform will be developed and thoroughly evaluated by the Innovative Medicines Initiative ConcePTION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Nauwelaerts
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Neel Deferm
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anne Smits
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven, Neonatology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | | | - Peggy Gandia
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France.
| | - Alice Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PB. 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | | | - Anthony DeLise
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, USA.
| | - Isabelle Huys
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, ON II Herestraat 49 - bus, 521 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Michele Bouisset-Leonard
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Werk Klybeck Postfach, Basel, CH-4002, Switzerland.
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, ON II Herestraat 49 - bus, 521 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter Annaert
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, O&N II Herestraat, 49 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Sorop O, van de Wouw J, Chandler S, Ohanyan V, Tune JD, Chilian WM, Merkus D, Bender SB, Duncker DJ. Experimental animal models of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:756-770. [PMID: 31926020 PMCID: PMC7061277 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is commonly present in patients with metabolic derangements and is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to myocardial ischaemia, both in the presence and absence of epicardial coronary atherosclerosis. The latter condition is termed 'ischaemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease' (INOCA). Notwithstanding the high prevalence of INOCA, effective treatment remains elusive. Although to date there is no animal model for INOCA, animal models of CMD, one of the hallmarks of INOCA, offer excellent test models for enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of CMD and for investigating novel therapies. This article presents an overview of currently available experimental models of CMD-with an emphasis on metabolic derangements as risk factors-in dogs, swine, rabbits, rats, and mice. In all available animal models, metabolic derangements are most often induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes mellitus via injection of alloxan or streptozotocin, but there is also a wide variety of spontaneous as well as transgenic animal models which develop metabolic derangements. Depending on the number, severity, and duration of exposure to risk factors-all these animal models show perturbations in coronary microvascular (endothelial) function and structure, similar to what has been observed in patients with INOCA and comorbid conditions. The use of these animal models will be instrumental in identifying novel therapeutic targets and for the subsequent development and testing of novel therapeutic interventions to combat ischaemic heart disease, the number one cause of death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Sorop
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens van de Wouw
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selena Chandler
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Vahagn Ohanyan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Ventrella D, Forni M, Bacci ML, Annaert P. Non-clinical Models to Determine Drug Passage into Human Breast Milk. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:534-548. [PMID: 30894104 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190320165904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful practice of clinical perinatal pharmacology requires a thorough understanding of the pronounced physiological changes during lactation and how these changes affect various drug disposition processes. In addition, pharmacokinetic processes unique to lactation have remained understudied. Hence, determination of drug disposition mechanisms in lactating women and their babies remains a domain with important knowledge gaps. Indeed, lack of data regarding infant risk during breastfeeding far too often results in discontinuation of breastfeeding and subsequent loss of all the associated benefits to the breastfed infant. In the absence of age-specific toxicity data, human lactation data alone are considered insufficient to rapidly generate the required evidence regarding risks associated with medication use during lactation. METHODS Systematic review of literature to summarize state-of-the art non-clinical approaches that have been developed to explore the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion. RESULTS Several studies have reported methods to predict (to some extent) milk drug excretion rates based on physicochemical properties of the compounds. In vitro studies with primary mammary epithelial cells appear excellent approaches to determine transepithelial drug transport rates across the mammary epithelium. Several of these in vitro tools have been characterized in terms of transporter expression and activity as compared to the mammary gland tissue. In addition, with the advent of physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, these in vitro transport data may prove instrumental in predicting drug milk concentration time profiles prior to the availability of data from clinical lactation studies. In vivo studies in lactating animals have proven their utility in elucidating the mechanisms underlying drug milk excretion. CONCLUSION By combining various non-clinical tools (physicochemistry-based, in vitro and PBPK, in vivo animal) for drug milk excretion, valuable and unique information regarding drug milk concentrations during lactation can be obtained. The recently approved IMI project ConcePTION will address several of the challenges outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, 40064 Ozzano Emilia Bologna, Italy
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Herestraat 49-box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Green CL, Mitchell SE, Derous D, Wang Y, Chen L, Han JDJ, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIV. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Brown Adipose Tissue Changes in Amino Acids, Catecholamines, and Antioxidants After Short-Term Restriction in C57BL/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:218-229. [PMID: 31220223 PMCID: PMC7530471 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals undergoing calorie restriction (CR) often lower their body temperature to conserve energy. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is stimulated through norepinephrine when rapid heat production is needed, as it is highly metabolically active due to the uncoupling of the electron transport chain from ATP synthesis. To better understand how BAT metabolism changes with CR, we used metabolomics to identify 883 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in the BAT of C57BL/6 mice, fed graded CR (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% CR relative to their individual baseline intake), compared with mice fed ad libitum (AL) for 12 hours a day. Pathway analysis revealed that graded CR had an impact on the TCA cycle and fatty acid degradation. In addition, an increase in nucleic acids and catecholamine pathways was seen with graded CR in the BAT metabolome. We saw increases in antioxidants with CR, suggesting a beneficial effect of mitochondrial uncoupling. Importantly, the instigator of BAT activation, norepinephrine, was increased with CR, whereas its precursors l-tyrosine and dopamine were decreased, indicating a shift of metabolites through the activation pathway. Several of these key changes were correlated with food anticipatory activity and body temperature, indicating BAT activation may be driven by responses to hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington at Seattle
| | - David Lusseau
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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14
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Choy S, Lam DV, Lee SM, Hwang DS. Prolonged Biodegradation and Improved Mechanical Stability of Collagen via Vapor-Phase Ti Stitching for Long-Term Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38440-38447. [PMID: 31550884 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Collagen, one of the most popular biomedical materials, exhibits rapid biodegradation accompanied by a notable decrease of mechanical stability in the human body. This is a key challenge for its use in large-sized tissue regeneration, which takes a long time. In order to resolve this problem, we introduced vapor-phase titanium (Ti) derivatives into the interchain regions in collagen via TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD), which has been widely used for thin-film deposition. The introduced Ti simultaneously enhanced both the tensile strength (∼384.45 MPa) and Young's modulus (∼1.56 GPa) by approximately 29 and 26% compared to the pristine commercial collagen membrane. In vitro tests demonstrated that approximately 31% of Ti-infiltrated collagen is retained after 4 weeks, whereas the pristine commercial collagen rapidly degrades by up to 90% within 1 week. The in vivo biodegradation rate was greatly improved and inversely proportional to the number of TiO2 ALD cycles. Moreover, bone mineralization, which is observed during the late stage of bone healing, appeared only in the Ti-infiltrated collagen. We believe that our simple vapor-phase treatment method could be widely used with xenograft materials, which typically require adequate biodegradation rates and stable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Do Van Lam
- Department of Nanomechanics , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , Korea
- Nano Mechatronics , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Lee
- Department of Nanomechanics , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103 , Korea
- Nano Mechatronics , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 , Korea
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15
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Gotts JE, Bernard O, Chun L, Croze RH, Ross JT, Nesseler N, Wu X, Abbott J, Fang X, Calfee CS, Matthay MA. Clinically relevant model of pneumococcal pneumonia, ARDS, and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L717-L736. [PMID: 31509438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other infectious disease. Severe pneumonia is a common cause of acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the introduction of effective antibiotics and intensive supportive care in the 20th century, death rates from community-acquired pneumonia among patients in the intensive care unit remain as high as 35%. Beyond antimicrobial treatment, no targeted molecular therapies have yet proven effective, highlighting the need for additional research. Despite some limitations, small animal models of pneumonia and the mechanistic insights they produce are likely to continue to play an important role in generating new therapeutic targets. Here we describe the development of an innovative mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia developed for enhanced clinical relevance. We first reviewed the literature of small animal models of bacterial pneumonia that incorporated antibiotics. We then did a series of experiments in mice in which we systematically varied the pneumococcal inoculum and the timing of antibiotics while measuring systemic and lung-specific end points, producing a range of models that mirrors the spectrum of pneumococcal lung disease in patients, from mild self-resolving infection to severe pneumonia refractory to antibiotics. A delay in antibiotic treatment resulted in ongoing inflammation and renal and hepatic dysfunction despite effective bacterial killing. The addition of fluid resuscitation to the model improved renal function but worsened the severity of lung injury based on direct measurements of pulmonary edema and lung compliance, analogous to patients with pneumonia and sepsis who develop ARDS following fluid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Chun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - James T Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicolas Nesseler
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pontchaillou, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Xueling Wu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason Abbott
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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16
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Goossens C, Weckx R, Derde S, Dufour T, Vander Perre S, Pauwels L, Thiessen SE, Van Veldhoven PP, Van den Berghe G, Langouche L. Adipose tissue protects against sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice: from lipolysis to ketones. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:236. [PMID: 31262340 PMCID: PMC6600878 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background ICU-acquired weakness is a debilitating consequence of prolonged critical illness that is associated with poor outcome. Recently, premorbid obesity has been shown to protect against such illness-induced muscle wasting and weakness. Here, we hypothesized that this protection was due to increased lipid and ketone availability. Methods In a centrally catheterized, fluid-resuscitated, antibiotic-treated mouse model of prolonged sepsis, we compared markers of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in lean and obese septic mice (n = 117). Next, we compared markers of muscle wasting and weakness in septic obese wild-type and adipose tissue-specific ATGL knockout (AAKO) mice (n = 73), in lean septic mice receiving either intravenous infusion of lipids or standard parenteral nutrition (PN) (n = 70), and in lean septic mice receiving standard PN supplemented with either the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate or isocaloric glucose (n = 49). Results Obese septic mice had more pronounced lipolysis (p ≤ 0.05), peripheral fatty acid oxidation (p ≤ 0.05), and ketogenesis (p ≤ 0.05) than lean mice. Blocking lipolysis in obese septic mice caused severely reduced muscle mass (32% loss vs. 15% in wild-type, p < 0.001) and specific maximal muscle force (59% loss vs. 0% in wild-type; p < 0.001). In contrast, intravenous infusion of lipids in lean septic mice maintained specific maximal muscle force up to healthy control levels (p = 0.6), whereas this was reduced with 28% in septic mice receiving standard PN (p = 0.006). Muscle mass was evenly reduced with 29% in both lean septic groups (p < 0.001). Lipid administration enhanced fatty acid oxidation (p ≤ 0.05) and ketogenesis (p < 0.001), but caused unfavorable liver steatosis (p = 0.01) and a deranged lipid profile (p ≤ 0.01). Supplementation of standard PN with 3-hydroxybutyrate also attenuated specific maximal muscle force up to healthy control levels (p = 0.1), but loss of muscle mass could not be prevented (25% loss in both septic groups; p < 0.001). Importantly, this intervention improved muscle regeneration markers (p ≤ 0.05) without the unfavorable side effects seen with lipid infusion. Conclusions Obesity-induced muscle protection during sepsis is partly mediated by elevated mobilization and metabolism of endogenous fatty acids. Furthermore, increased availability of ketone bodies, either through ketogenesis or through parenteral infusion, appears to protect against sepsis-induced muscle weakness also in the lean. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2506-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë Goossens
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Weckx
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Derde
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dufour
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vander Perre
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Pauwels
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven E Thiessen
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Guillon A, Preau S, Aboab J, Azabou E, Jung B, Silva S, Textoris J, Uhel F, Vodovar D, Zafrani L, de Prost N, Radermacher P. Preclinical septic shock research: why we need an animal ICU. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9:66. [PMID: 31183570 PMCID: PMC6557957 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-019-0543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments are widely used in preclinical medical research with the goal of disease modeling and exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. In the context of sepsis and septic shock, the translation into clinical practice has been disappointing. Classical animal models of septic shock usually involve one-sex-one-age animal models, mostly in mice or rats, contrasting with the heterogeneous population of septic shock patients. Many other factors limit the reliability of preclinical models and may contribute to preclinical research failure in critical care, including the host specificity of several pathogens, the fact that laboratory animals are raised in pathogen-free facilities and that organ support techniques are either absent or minimal. Advanced animal models have been developed with the aim of improving the clinical translatability of experimental findings. So-called animal ICUs refer to the preclinical investigation of adult or even aged animals of either sex, using—in case of rats and mice—miniaturized equipment allowing for reproducing an ICU environment at a small animal scale and integrating chronic comorbidities to more closely reflect the clinical conditions studied. Strength and limitations of preclinical animal models designed to decipher the mechanisms involved in septic cardiomyopathy are discussed. This article reviews the current status and the challenges of setting up an animal ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guillon
- Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sebastien Preau
- Service de Médecine Intensive, Hôpital Salengro, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), U 995, School of Medicine, INSERM, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Aboab
- Service de Réanimation, Hôpital Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Eric Azabou
- Service de Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 92380, Garches, France
| | - Boris Jung
- Service de Réanimation, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Service de Réanimation, CHU Purpan, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 69437, Lyon, France.,EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-induced Immunosuppression, University of Lyon1-Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- Service de Réanimation Médicale et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Rennes, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Centre Antipoison et de Toxicovigilance de Paris - Fédération de Toxicologie, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,UMRS 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Hardin-Pouzet H, Morosan S. [Mice, rats and men: how rodent models are still required to produce knowledge]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:479-482. [PMID: 31115332 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
La recherche biomédicale est considérée par nos sociétés comme une nécessité et les réflexions sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour la développer s’accordent sur le constat que : « à défaut de pouvoir expérimenter sur l’homme, l’expérimentation animale est indispensable » [1]. Celle-ci, pour être légitime, doit respecter la fameuse règle des 3R (Raffiner, Remplacer, Réduire) énoncée dès 1959 par Russell et Burch [2]. En effet, bien que permettant certaines approches moléculaires, expérimentales ou modélisées, les méthodes alternatives conservent un caractère réducteur et ne permettent pas d’appréhender l’ensemble d’un organisme au sein de son environnement. À ce jour, il reste donc encore indispensable d’utiliser des modèles animaux pour générer des connaissances valides en recherche fondamentale et appliquée. La recherche fait ainsi appel à une grande variété d’organismes-modèles, parmi lesquels les rongeurs (rats et souris) sont les plus utilisés : en France, en 2016, 59,6 % des animaux utilisés pour la recherche étaient des souris et 8,9 % étaient des rats [3]. Le propos de cet article est de montrer en quoi les rongeurs sont des modèles expérimentaux importants et de donner quelques exemples des connaissances nouvelles qu’ils ont apportés.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hardin-Pouzet
- Sorbonne Université, UM 119, Inserm UMRS 1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Serban Morosan
- Sorbonne Université, UMS 28, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
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19
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Part III: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Fluid Resuscitation and Antimicrobial Therapy Endpoints. Shock 2019; 51:33-43. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Bronchioloalveolar lung tumors induced in “mice only” by non-genotoxic chemicals are not useful for quantitative assessment of pulmonary adenocarcinoma risk in humans. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318816617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals classified as known human carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) show a low level of concordance between rodents and humans for induction of pulmonary carcinoma. Rats and mice exposed via inhalation for 2 years show a low level of concordance in both tumor development and organ site location. In 2-year inhalation studies using rats and mice, when pulmonary tumors are seen in only male or female mice or both, but not in either sex of rat, there is a high probability that the murine pulmonary tumor has been produced via Clara cell or club cell (CC) metabolism of the inhaled chemical to a cytotoxic metabolite. Cytotoxicity-induced mitogenesis increases mutagenesis via amplification of the background mutation rate. If the chemical being tested is also negative in the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay, and only mouse pulmonary tumors are induced, the probability that this pulmonary tumor is not relevant to human lung cancer risk goes even higher. Mice have a larger percentage of CCs in their distal airways than rats, and a much larger percentage than in humans. The CCs of mice have a much higher concentration of metabolic enzymes capable of metabolizing xenobiotics than CCs in either rats or humans. A principal threat to validity of extrapolating from the murine model lies in the unique capacity of murine CCs to metabolize a significant spectrum of xenobiotics which in turn produces toxicants not seen in rat or human pulmonary pathophysiology.
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21
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Barrett KT, Roy A, Rivard KB, Wilson RJ, Scantlebury MH. Vagal TRPV1 activation exacerbates thermal hyperpnea and increases susceptibility to experimental febrile seizures in immature rats. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:172-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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22
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Partadiredja G, Karima N, Utami KP, Agustiningsih D, Sofro ZM. The Effects of Light and Moderate Intensity Exercise on the Femoral Bone and Cerebellum of d-Galactose-Exposed Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:20-30. [PMID: 29962322 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes the degeneration of organs of the locomotor system, including the cerebellum and bones. Exercise may reverse this deterioration. d-galactose has been frequently used in rodents to accelerate aging. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of exercise on cerebellar and serum growth factors, motor activity, and the number of bone cells of the femoral head of d-galactose-treated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, that is, three treated groups injected with 300 mg/(mL·kg) body weight (bw) d-galactose solution daily for 4 weeks, and a control group injected with normal saline. Following the 4-week administration of d-galactose solution, two of the treated groups performed light- (45% VO2max) and moderate- (55% VO2max) intensity exercise, by running on a treadmill 4 × a week for 4 weeks. Locomotor activity was examined in rotarod and open field tests. The cerebellar and serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of femoral head was estimated using unbiased stereological methods. It was found that the number of osteoclasts was higher in the d-galactose-treated group than the normal control and moderate-intensity exercise groups. No significant difference between groups was found in the rotarod and open field test performance, IGF-1 and BDNF levels, as well as number of osteoblasts. In conclusion, a 4-week administration of high-dosed-galactose caused the increase of the number of osteoclasts. A subsequent 4-week moderate-intensity exercise reversed this increase to the normal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginus Partadiredja
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nisa Karima
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Putri Utami
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,3 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Denny Agustiningsih
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ratio of Creatine Kinase to Alanine Aminotransferase as a Biomarker of Acute Liver Injury in Dystrophinopathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6484610. [PMID: 30018675 PMCID: PMC6029496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6484610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ratios of creatine kinase (CK) to aminotransferases as biomarkers of acute liver injury in dystrophinopathy. Methods C57 and mdx (dystrophic) mice were treated with a hepatotoxic reagent D-galactosamine (D-GalN). The degrees of liver and muscle injury were assessed using histological examinations. To examine whether serum CK-adjusted aminotransferase levels could indicate liver status in dystrophic mice, the CK/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and CK/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratios were analyzed. Furthermore, we enrolled 658 male patients with dystrophinopathy and 378 male patients without muscle and liver injury as control, whose serum ALT, AST, and CK levels were examined. Results Animal experiments indicated that D-GalN treatment could induce acute liver injury but not muscle injury. Additionally, D-GalN decreased the CK/ALT and CK/AST ratios in both C57 mice and mdx mice (P < 0.001). However, there was an overlap of the CK/AST ratio between dystrophic mice with and without acute liver injury. In patients with dystrophinopathy, CK-adjusted ALT diminished the variability associated with age, genotype, clinical phenotype, and motor function (P > 0.05). Conclusions CK/ALT is a potential biomarker for the differential evaluation of acute liver injury in dystrophic mice, which highlights the value to further evaluate the practice of CK/ALT in dystrophinopathy patients.
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Smith CJ, Perfetti TA. The “false-positive” conundrum in the NTP 2-year rodent cancer study database. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318772839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1990, Ames and Gold described a conundrum of “too many carcinogens” among chemicals tested in rodent bioassays. Their proposed nongenotoxic carcinogenic mechanism was amplification of the background mutation rate via cytotoxicity induced by high doses of the test chemicals, thereby leading to increases in reparative cellular proliferation rates. Recently, we have statistically and mechanistically analyzed the entire 594-study (470 final reports) NTP 2-year rodent cancer database to better understand the conundrum posed by Ames and Gold. Our analysis provides several lines of evidence that support the contention of Ames and Gold. First, across different routes of administration, relatively phylogenetically similar rats and mice are nonetheless discordant for the development of tumors at similar organ sites. Tumor site concordance across sex within species is higher than tumor site concordance across species. Second, many chemicals negative in the Ames test nonetheless induce tumors in either rats or mice. Third, 11 out of 58 chemicals tested by the inhalation route induce lung tumors in mice and not rats, are negative in the Ames test, and exhibit hyperplasia. In 2017, Tomasetti et al. provided evidence for the clinical relevance in humans of the Ames and Gold mechanism regarding amplification of the background mutation rate by demonstrating that the majority of human tumors result from accumulated mutations due to DNA replication errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carr J. Smith
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Florida State University, Panama City, FL, USA
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25
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Derde S, Thiessen S, Goossens C, Dufour T, Van den Berghe G, Langouche L. Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28518095 DOI: 10.3791/55553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes a centrally catheterized mouse model of prolonged critical illness. We combine the cecal ligation and puncture method to induce sepsis with the use of a central venous line for fluids, drugs and nutrient administration to mimic the human clinical setting. Critically ill patients require intensive medical support in order to survive. While the majority of patients will recover within a few days, about a quarter of the patients need prolonged intensive care and are at high risk of dying from non-resolving multiple organ failure. Furthermore, the prolonged phase of critical illness is hallmarked by profound muscle weakness, and endocrine and metabolic changes, of which the pathogenesis is currently incompletely understood. The most widely used animal model in critical care research is the cecal ligation and puncture model to induce sepsis. This is a very reproducible model, with acute inflammatory and hemodynamic changes similar to human sepsis, which is designed to study the acute phase of critical illness. However, this model is hallmarked by a high lethality, which is different from the clinical human situation, and is not developed to study the prolonged phase of critical illness. Therefore, we adapted the technique by placing a central venous catheter in the jugular vein allowing us to administer clinically relevant supportive care, to better mimic the human clinical situation of critical illness. This mouse model requires an extensive surgical procedure and daily intensive care of the animals, but it results in a relevant model of the acute and prolonged phase of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Derde
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Steven Thiessen
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Chloë Goossens
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Thomas Dufour
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven;
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26
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Mebazaa A, Laterre PF, Russell JA, Bergmann A, Gattinoni L, Gayat E, Harhay MO, Hartmann O, Hein F, Kjolbye AL, Legrand M, Lewis RJ, Marshall JC, Marx G, Radermacher P, Schroedter M, Scigalla P, Stough WG, Struck J, Van den Berghe G, Yilmaz MB, Angus DC. Designing phase 3 sepsis trials: application of learned experiences from critical care trials in acute heart failure. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:24. [PMID: 27034779 PMCID: PMC4815117 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial attention and resources have been directed to improving outcomes of patients with critical illnesses, in particular sepsis, but all recent clinical trials testing various interventions or strategies have failed to detect a robust benefit on mortality. Acute heart failure is also a critical illness, and although the underlying etiologies differ, acute heart failure and sepsis are critical care illnesses that have a high mortality in which clinical trials have been difficult to conduct and have not yielded effective treatments. Both conditions represent a syndrome that is often difficult to define with a wide variation in patient characteristics, presentation, and standard management across institutions. Referring to past experiences and lessons learned in acute heart failure may be informative and help frame research in the area of sepsis. Academic heart failure investigators and industry have worked closely with regulators for many years to transition acute heart failure trials away from relying on dyspnea assessments and all-cause mortality as the primary measures of efficacy, and recent trials have been designed to assess novel clinical composite endpoints assessing organ dysfunction and mortality while still assessing all-cause mortality as a separate measure of safety. Applying the lessons learned in acute heart failure trials to severe sepsis and septic shock trials might be useful to advance the field. Novel endpoints beyond all-cause mortality should be considered for future sepsis trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mebazaa
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ; U942 Inserm, APHP, Paris, France ; APHP, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis-Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre François Laterre
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - James A Russell
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation and the Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Luciano Gattinoni
- Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation - SMUR, Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis - Lariboisière, INSERM - UMR 942, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Michael O Harhay
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthieu Legrand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Unit, St. Louis Hospital, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, UMR-S942, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Roger J Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - John C Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Wendy Gattis Stough
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC USA
| | | | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Derek C Angus
- CRISMA Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regnerative Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA USA ; Department of Health Policy and Management, McGowan Institute for Regnerative Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Calaza KC, Kam JH, Hogg C, Jeffery G. Mitochondrial decline precedes phenotype development in the complement factor H mouse model of retinal degeneration but can be corrected by near infrared light. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2869-76. [PMID: 26149919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), critical for cellular metabolism. ATP declines with age, which is associated with inflammation. Here, we measure retinal and brain ATP in normal C57BL/6 and complement factor H knockout mice (Cfh(-/-)), which are proposed as a model of age-related macular degeneration. We show a significant premature 30% decline in retinal ATP in Cfh(-/-) mice and a subsequent shift in expression of a heat shock protein that is predominantly mitochondrial (Hsp60). Changes in Hsp60 are associated with stress and neuroprotection. We find no differences in brain ATP between C57BL/6 and Cfh(-/-) mice. Near infrared (NIR) increases ATP and reduces inflammation. ATP decline in Cfh(-/-) mice was corrected with NIR which also shifted Hsp60 labeling patterns. ATP decline in Cfh(-/-) mice occurs before inflammation becomes established and photoreceptor loss occurs and may relate to disease etiology. However, ATP levels were corrected with NIR. In summary, we provide evidence for a mitochondrial basis for this disease in mice and correct this with simple light exposure known to improve mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin C Calaza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Ophthalmology University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Glen Jeffery
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London, London, UK.
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Cain DJ, Del Arroyo AG, Ackland GL. Man is the new mouse: Elective surgery as a key translational model for multi-organ dysfunction and sepsis. J Intensive Care Soc 2015; 16:154-163. [PMID: 28979398 DOI: 10.1177/1751143714564826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational research in critically ill human patients presents many methodological challenges. Diagnostic uncertainty, coupled with poorly defined comorbidities, make the identification of a suitable control population for case-control investigations an arguably insurmountable challenge. Healthy volunteer experiments using endotoxin infusion as an inflammatory model are methodologically robust, but fail to replicate the onset of, and diverse therapeutic interventions associated with, sepsis/trauma. Animal models are also limited by many of these issues. Major elective surgery addresses many of these shortfalls and offers a key model for exploring the human biology underlying the sepsis syndrome. Surgery triggers highly conserved features of the human inflammatory response that are common to both tissue damage and infection. Surgical patients sustain a predictable and relatively high incidence of sepsis, particularly within the 'higher risk' group. The collection of preoperative samples enables each patient to act as their own control. Thus, the surgical model offers unique and elegant experimental design features that provide an important translational bridge between the basic biological understanding afforded by animal laboratory models and the de novo presentation of human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Cain
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Ackland
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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The recognition of LpxC inhibitors as potential antibiotics could revolutionise the management of sepsis in veterinary patients if their unknown biological properties are widely evaluated in suitable animal models. Int J Vet Sci Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Forceville X, Touati S, Le Toumelin P, Ducros V, Laporte F, Chancerelle Y, Agay D. Elements of margin of safety, toxicity and action of sodium selenite in a lipopolysaccharide rat model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:303-10. [PMID: 24813451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PROJECT Both septic shock and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) lead to multiple organ failure through oxidation. Na2SeO3 has direct oxidant effects above the nutritional level and indirect anti-oxidant properties. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rat model we assessed margin of safety, toxicity and beneficial effect of pentahydrate Na2SeO3 (5H2O·Na2SeO3) at oxidant doses. PROCEDURE In a three-step study on 204 rats we: (i) observed toxic effects of Na2SeO3 injected intraperitoneously (IP) and determined its Minimum Dose Without Toxic effect (MDWT) 0.25-0.35 mg/kg selenium (Se) content; (ii) injected IP LPS at 70% lethal dose (LD) followed, or not, one hour later by IP Na2SeO3 at MDWT and (iii) by doses>MDWT. At 48 h, in survivors, we measured plasma creatinine, lactate, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), nitric oxide (NO) and Se concentrations. RESULTS (i) Na2SeO3 alone did not increase NO and lactate. Encephalopathy appeared at 1mg Se/kg. Creatinine increased at 1-1.75 mg Se/kg, AST, ALT at 3-4.5 mg Se/kg, and the minimum LD was 3 mg Se/kg. (ii) Mortality after LPS was 37/50 (74%, [62-86%]) vs. 20/30 (67%, [50-84%]) when followed by Na2SeO3 at MDWT (p=0.483) with a decreased in NO (-31%, p=0.038) a trend for lactate decrease (-19%, p=0.068) and an increased Se in plasma of survivals. (iii) All rats died at doses ≥0.6 mg/kg (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Mechanisms of LPS and Na2SeO3 toxicity differ (i.e. NO, lactate). In septic shock 5H2O·Na2SeO3 toxicity increased, margin of safety decrease, but IP administration of dose considered as oxidant of 5H2O·Na2SeO3 showed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Forceville
- Centre Hospitalier de Meaux, Réanimation Polyvalente, 77104 Meaux, France.
| | - Samia Touati
- Centre Hospitalier de Meaux, Réanimation Polyvalente, 77104 Meaux, France
| | | | - Véronique Ducros
- CHU de Grenoble, Département de Biochimie Toxicologie & Pharmacologie, UF de Biochimie Hormonologie & Nutrition, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - François Laporte
- CHU de Grenoble, Département de Biochimie Toxicologie & Pharmacologie, UF de Biochimie Hormonologie & Nutrition, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Yves Chancerelle
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, 24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan - BP 87, 38702 La Tronche, France
| | - Diane Agay
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département des Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, 24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan - BP 87, 38702 La Tronche, France
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