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Roy A, Segond von Banchet G, Gimeno-Ferrer F, König C, Eitner A, Ebersberger A, Ebbinghaus M, Leuchtweis J, Schaible HG. Impact of Interleukin-6 Activation and Arthritis on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Activation in Sensory Neurons and the Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7168. [PMID: 39000275 PMCID: PMC11241234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In tumor cells, interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling can lead to activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which prolongs Stat3 activation. In the present experiments, we tested the hypothesis that IL-6 signaling activates EGFR signaling in peripheral and spinal nociception and examined whether EGFR localization and activation coincide with pain-related behaviors in arthritis. In vivo in anesthetized rats, spinal application of the EGFR receptor blocker gefitinib reduced the responses of spinal cord neurons to noxious joint stimulation, but only after spinal pretreatment with IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor. Using Western blots, we found that IL-6-induced Stat3 activation was reduced by gefitinib in microglial cells of the BV2 cell line, but not in cultured DRG neurons. Immunohistochemistry showed EGFR localization in most DRG neurons from normal rats, but significant downregulation in the acute and most painful arthritis phase. In the spinal cord of mice, EGFR was highly activated mainly in the chronic phase of inflammation, with localization in neurons. These data suggest that spinal IL-6 signaling may activate spinal EGFR signaling. Downregulation of EGFR in DRG neurons in acute arthritis may limit nociception, but pronounced delayed activation of EGFR in the spinal cord may be involved in chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutosh Roy
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Gisela Segond von Banchet
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Fátima Gimeno-Ferrer
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Christian König
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Annett Eitner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Andrea Ebersberger
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Matthias Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Johannes Leuchtweis
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.R.); (G.S.v.B.); (F.G.-F.); (C.K.); (A.E.); (M.E.); (J.L.)
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2
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Gober IG, Russell AL, Shick TJ, Vagni VA, Carlson JC, Kochanek PM, Wagner AK. Exploratory assessment of the effect of systemic administration of soluble glycoprotein 130 on cognitive performance and chemokine levels in a mouse model of experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:149. [PMID: 38840141 PMCID: PMC11155101 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neuroinflammation mediates traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology and impairs recovery. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic inflammatory regulator, is associated with poor clinical TBI outcomes. IL-6 operates via classical-signaling through membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and trans-signaling through soluble IL-6 receptor (s)IL-6R. IL-6 trans-signaling specifically contributes to neuropathology, making it a potential precision therapeutic TBI target. Soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) prevents IL-6 trans-signaling, sparing classical signaling, thus is a possible treatment. Mice received either controlled cortical impact (CCI) (6.0 ± 0.2 m/s; 2 mm; 50-60ms) or sham procedures. Vehicle (VEH) or sgp130-Fc was subcutaneously administered to sham (VEH or 1 µg) and CCI (VEH, 0.25 µg or 1 µg) mice on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 post-surgery to assess effects on cognition [Morris Water Maze (MWM)] and ipsilateral hemisphere IL-6 related biomarkers (day 21 post-surgery). CCI + sgp130-Fc groups (0.25 µg and 1 µg) were combined for analysis given similar behavior/biomarker outcomes. CCI + VEH mice had longer latencies and path lengths to the platform and increased peripheral zone time versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice, suggesting injury-induced impairments in learning and anxiety. CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had shorter platform latencies and path lengths and had decreased peripheral zone time, indicating a therapeutic benefit of sgp130-Fc after injury on learning and anxiety. Interestingly, Sham + sgp130-Fc mice had shorter platform latencies, path lengths and peripheral zone times than Sham + VEH mice, suggesting a beneficial effect of sgp130-Fc, independent of injury. CCI + VEH mice had increased brain IL-6 and decreased sgp130 levels versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. There was no treatment effect on IL-6, sIL6-R or sgp130 in Sham + VEH versus Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. There was also no treatment effect on IL-6 in CCI + VEH versus CCI + sgp130-Fc mice. However, CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had increased sIL-6R and sgp130 versus CCI + VEH mice, demonstrating sgp130-Fc treatment effects on brain biomarkers. Inflammatory chemokines (MIP-1β, IP-10, MIG) were increased in CCI + VEH mice versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. However, CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had decreased chemokine levels versus CCI + VEH mice. IL-6 positively correlated, while sgp130 negatively correlated, with chemokine levels. Overall, we found that systemic sgp130-Fc treatment after CCI improved learning, decreased anxiety and reduced CCI-induced brain chemokines. Future studies will explore sex-specific dosing and treatment mechanisms for sgp130-Fc therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Gober
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley L Russell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler J Shick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent A Vagni
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Yang X, Yuan C, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu M, Li Z, Zhang J. Changes in serum angiogenic factors among patients with acute pain and subacute pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:960460. [PMID: 35909446 PMCID: PMC9335149 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.960460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening serum biomarkers for acute and subacute pain is important for precise pain management. This study aimed to examine serum levels of angiogenic factors in patients with acute and subacute pain as potential biomarkers. Serum samples were collected from 12 healthy controls, 20 patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), 4 with low back pain (LBP), and 1 with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Pain intensity in these patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The serum concentrations of 11 angiogenic biomarkers were examined by Milliplex Map Human Angiogenesis Magnetic Bead Panel 2. The pain assessment from VAS showed that all patients showed moderate and severe pain. Among 11 angiogenic factors, osteopontin (OPN), thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPECAM-1), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and soluble epidermal growth factor receptors (sErbB2) were up-regulated and soluble interleukin-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) were down-regulated in patients with pain compared to the healthy participants (all P-values were < 0.005). Moreover, a linear regression model showed that the serum OPN concentration was correlated with pain intensity in patients with PHN (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference between the serum concentration of soluble epidermal growth factor receptors, sErbB3, soluble AXL, tenascin, and soluble neuropilin-1 in patients with acute and subacute pain and that of healthy controls. The results of this study provided new valuable insights into our understanding of angiogenic factors that may contribute to as mechanistic biomarkers of pain, and reveal the pathophysiological mechanism of pain. Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200061775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunmei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhang,
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Vasconcelos DP, Jabangwe C, Lamghari M, Alves CJ. The Neuroimmune Interplay in Joint Pain: The Role of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812962. [PMID: 35355986 PMCID: PMC8959978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain associated with joint disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and implant aseptic loosening (AL), is a highly debilitating symptom that impacts mobility and quality of life in affected patients. The neuroimmune crosstalk has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the onset and establishment of chronic pain conditions. Immune cells release cytokines and immune mediators that can activate and sensitize nociceptors evoking pain, through interaction with receptors in the sensory nerve terminals. On the other hand, sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers release neurotransmitters that bind to their specific receptor expressed on surface of immune cells, initiating an immunomodulatory role. Macrophages have been shown to be key players in the neuroimmune crosstalk. Moreover, macrophages constitute the dominant immune cell population in RA, OA and AL. Importantly, the targeting of macrophages can result in anti-nociceptive effects in chronic pain conditions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the nature and impact of the interaction between the inflammatory response and nerve fibers in these joint disorders regarding the genesis and maintenance of pain. The role of macrophages is highlighted. The alteration in the joint innervation pattern and the inflammatory response are also described. Additionally, the immunomodulatory role of sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters is revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clive Jabangwe
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto- Associação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Pan F, Tian J, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Prospective Association Between Inflammatory Markers and Knee Cartilage Volume Loss and Pain Trajectory. Pain Ther 2021; 11:107-119. [PMID: 34837639 PMCID: PMC8861228 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and pain. We sought to explore the associations between inflammatory serum markers and magnetic resonance imaging-defined long-term structural change and pain trajectory. Methods A total of 169 randomly selected participants (mean age 63 years; 47% female) from a prospective cohort study were included in this study. Circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline. A knee MRI scan was performed to measure cartilage volume (CV) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and at 10.7 years. Knee pain at four visits was measured by the WOMAC pain questionnaire, and pain trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Linear, log-binomial and multi-nominal logistic regression were used for the analyses. Results IL-6 was associated with lateral but not medial tibial CV loss (β = − 0.25% per annum, per standard deviation [SD] log pg/ml; P < 0.05) in the multivariate analysis. IL-6 was also associated with a ‘Moderate pain’ trajectory (relative risk ratio 1.93 per SD log pg/ml; 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.65) relative to the ‘Minimal pain’ trajectory group. There was no significant association of TNF-α and CRP with CV loss and pain trajectory groups with the exception of a beneficial relationship between CRP and medial tibial CV loss (β = 0.20% per annum, per SD log mg/l). No association between inflammatory markers and change in BML size was observed. Conclusions IL-6 was independently associated with compartment-specific CV loss and worse pain trajectory, but the other markers studied were not, suggesting that components of inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of cartilage loss and developing a worse pain course. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40122-021-00341-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
| | - Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Medical School, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3181, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
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Nanus DE, Badoume A, Wijesinghe SN, Halsey AM, Hurley P, Ahmed Z, Botchu R, Davis ET, Lindsay MA, Jones SW. Synovial tissue from sites of joint pain in knee osteoarthritis patients exhibits a differential phenotype with distinct fibroblast subsets. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103618. [PMID: 34628351 PMCID: PMC8511845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial inflammation is associated with pain severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim here was to determine in a population with knee OA, whether synovial tissue from areas associated with pain exhibited different synovial fibroblast subsets, compared to synovial tissue from sites not associated with pain. A further aim was to compare differences between early and end-stage disease synovial fibroblast subsets. METHODS Patients with early knee OA (n = 29) and end-stage knee OA (n = 22) were recruited. Patient reported pain was recorded by questionnaire and using an anatomical knee pain map. Proton density fat suppressed MRI axial and sagittal sequences were analysed and scored for synovitis. Synovial tissue was obtained from the medial and lateral parapatellar and suprapatellar sites. Fibroblast single cell RNA sequencing was performed using Chromium 10X and analysed using Seurat. Transcriptomes were functionally characterised using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the effect of fibroblast secretome on neuronal growth assessed using rat DRGN. FINDINGS Parapatellar synovitis was significantly associated with the pattern of patient-reported pain in knee OA patients. Synovial tissue from sites of patient-reported pain exhibited a differential transcriptomic phenotype, with distinct synovial fibroblast subsets in early OA and end-stage OA. Functional pathway analysis revealed that synovial tissue and fibroblast subsets from painful sites promoted fibrosis, inflammation and the growth and activity of neurons. The secretome of fibroblasts from early OA painful sites induced greater survival and neurite outgrowth in dissociated adult rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons. INTERPRETATION Sites of patient-reported pain in knee OA exhibit a different synovial tissue phenotype and distinct synovial fibroblast subsets. Further interrogation of these fibroblast pathotypes will increase our understanding of the role of synovitis in OA joint pain and provide a rationale for the therapeutic targeting of fibroblast subsets to alleviate pain in patients. FUNDING This study was funded by Versus Arthritis, UK (21530; 21812).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika E Nanus
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Amel Badoume
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne N Wijesinghe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Halsey
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Hurley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,Centre for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Davis
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,Corresponding author.
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Fan L, Wu L, Yu XH, Chen YB, Lin L, Li SG. The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Erycibe (Convolvulaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114312. [PMID: 34107330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Erycibe belongs to the Convolvulaceae family that contains approximately 70 species mainly distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to north of Australia. Several Erycibe species are traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including rheumatic arthralgia, primary glaucoma, hepatopathies, and infectious and malignant diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize comprehensive and updated information on traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Erycibe species to provide a reference for the further research and application of the Erycibe genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scientific and extensive literatures between 1975 and 2020 were systematically gathered from scientific databases such as SciFinder Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), as well as Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc theses, and several official websites. RESULTS Erycibe species have been used for the treatment of various rheumatoid diseases, glaucoma, a variety of hepatic diseases, infectious diseases and various malignancies in the traditional and local medicine. Since the 1970s, 153 compounds, including coumarins, quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and others have been isolated from five species of the Erycibe genus. Pharmacological studies have shown that these extracts and compounds from the Erycibe genus have extensive activities consistent with the traditional and local applications, such as anti-glaucoma, anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective and anti-cancer activities, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSIONS Although there are extensive data on the genus Erycibe, certain specific gaps still exist. For herbal preparations containing Erycibe species, clinical toxicological investigation is required for the safety of these herbal preparation therapies, as well as further investigations on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability for guideline for clinical application. Furthermore, more detailed pharmacological, toxicological and clinical researches are needed to assess the alternatives to Erycibe species. Systematic and comprehensive pre-clinical studies are similarly required to estimate the possibility of extracts and compounds from the genus Erycibe with bioactivity developing into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xu-Hua Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shuo-Guo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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8
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Kummer KK, Zeidler M, Kalpachidou T, Kress M. Role of IL-6 in the regulation of neuronal development, survival and function. Cytokine 2021; 144:155582. [PMID: 34058569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is emerging as a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials. It can exert opposing actions triggering either neuron survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell death in neurodegenerative or neuropathic disorders. Importantly, neurons respond differently to IL-6 and this critically depends on their environment and whether they are located in the peripheral or the central nervous system. In addition to its hub regulator role in inflammation, IL-6 is recently emerging as an important regulator of neuron function in health and disease, offering exciting possibilities for more mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of mental, neurodegenerative and pain disorders and for developing novel therapies for diseases with neuroimmune and neurogenic pathogenic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Abstract
In rheumatology, chronic pain most often sets in after a musculoskeletal injury. Its persistence is not always due to the progression of the initial injury, but in some cases to the onset of central sensitization. Much scientific data suggests that this central sensitization is caused by multiple complex interactions between the nervous system and immune system. Afferent nerve fibers carrying pain information are responsible for peripheral sensitization partly linked to inflammation molecules. These afferent fibers release neurotransmitters in the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, capable of activating microglia, which are the local immune cells. The activated microglia will produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and neuropeptides capable of interacting with the second-order neuron, but also segmental and descending inhibitory neurons. This is referred to as neuroinflammation, which will amplify the hypersensitivity of second-order neurons, otherwise called central sensitization. This neuroinflammation will be able to reach the higher brain structures, which are involved in pain modulation and the emotional and cognitive aspects of pain. The aim of this update is to describe the pathophysiology of chronic pain, incorporating the latest scientific data on neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Vergne-Salle
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Dupuytren 2, 16, rue Bernard-Descottes, 87042 Limoges, France.
| | - Philippe Bertin
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Dupuytren 2, 16, rue Bernard-Descottes, 87042 Limoges, France
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10
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Intra-Articular Injection of (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate to Attenuate Articular Cartilage Degeneration by Enhancing Autophagy in a Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010008. [PMID: 33374730 PMCID: PMC7824012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the main active green tea catechin and has a wide variety of benefits for health. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs as a consequence of joint injuries that commonly happen in the young population. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on PTOA prevention by using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)–OA model and further investigated the roles of autophagy in OA treatment. Our results showed that intra-articular injection of EGCG significantly improved the functional performances and decreased cartilage degradation. EGCG treatment attenuated the inflammation on synovial tissue and cartilage through less immunostained cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13. We further noted EGCG may modulate the chondrocyte apoptosis by activation of the cytoprotective autophagy through reducing the expression of the mTOR and enhancing the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, beclin-1, and p62. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of EGCG after ACL injury inhibited the joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, thereby increasing joint function. EGCG treatment also reduced the chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly by activating autophagy. These findings suggested that EGCG may be a potential disease-modifying drug for preventing OA progression.
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11
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Pain Mechanism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokines to Central Sensitization. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2076328. [PMID: 33005097 PMCID: PMC7503123 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2076328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although in recent years, through the implementation of targeted treatment and the introduction of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the treatment of RA patients has made a significant progress, a large proportion of patients still feel pain. Finding appropriate treatment to alleviate the pain is very important for RA patients. Current research showed that, in addition to inflammation, RA pain involves peripheral sensitization and abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS) pain regulatory mechanisms. This review summarized the literature on pain mechanisms of RA published in recent years. A better understanding of pain mechanisms will help to develop new analgesic targets and deploy new and existing therapies.
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12
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Ramirez MF, Kamdar BB, Cata JP. Optimizing Perioperative Use of Opioids: A Multimodal Approach. CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 10:404-415. [PMID: 33281504 DOI: 10.1007/s40140-020-00413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The main purpose of this article is to review recent literature regarding multimodal analgesia medications, citing their recommended doses, efficacy, and side effects. The second part of this report will provide a description of drugs in different stages of development which have novel mechanisms with less side effects such as tolerance and addiction. Recent Findings Multimodal analgesia is a technique that facilitates perioperative pain management by employing two or more systemic analgesics along with regional anesthesia, when possible. Even though opioids and non-opioid analgesics remain the most common medication used for acute pain management after surgery, they have many undesirable side effects including the potential for misuse. Newer analgesics including peripheral acting opioids, nitric oxide inhibitors, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists, interleukin-6 receptor antagonists and gene therapy are under intensive investigation. Summary A patient's first exposure to opioids is often in the perioperative setting, a vulnerable time when multimodal therapy can play a large role in decreasing opioid exposure. Additionally, the current shift towards faster recovery times, fewer post-operative complications and improved cost-effectiveness during the perioperative period has made multimodal analgesia a central pillar of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ramirez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brinda B Kamdar
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Chen W, Yuan H, Cao W, Wang T, Chen W, Yu H, Fu Y, Jiang B, Zhou H, Guo H, Zhao X. Blocking interleukin-6 trans-signaling protects against renal fibrosis by suppressing STAT3 activation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3980-3991. [PMID: 31281526 PMCID: PMC6592178 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Renal fibrosis is the terminal manifestation of chronic and irreversible renal disease. Effective therapies other than dialysis are extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of targeting elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods: Fc-gp130 was used to specifically block IL-6 trans-signaling. Unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) and ischemia reperfusion (IR) mouse models were constructed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 on renal fibrosis. The role of IL-6 trans-signaling and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in regulating fibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix protein deposition were evaluated in cell experiments and mouse models. Results: The kidneys of mice with UUO were found to have elevated soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in the progression of fibrosis. Fc-gp130 attenuated renal fibrosis in mice, as evidenced by reductions in tubular atrophy and the production of extracellular matrix protein. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling with Fc-gp130 also reduced inflammation levels, immune cell infiltration, and profibrotic cytokines expression in renal tissue, with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced fibroblast accumulation in the renal tissue. In vitro, Fc-gp130 also reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 was confirmed in a model of acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Overall, IL-6 trans-signaling may contribute to crucial events in the development of renal fibrosis, and the targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling by Fc-gp130 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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14
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Choy EHS, Calabrese LH. Neuroendocrine and neurophysiological effects of interleukin 6 in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 57:1885-1895. [PMID: 29186541 PMCID: PMC6199533 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RA is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and degradation of the joints, causing significant negative impact on quality of life. In addition to joint disease, symptoms and co-morbidities associated with RA-namely pain, fatigue and mood disorders-are often as debilitating as the disease itself. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 plays a critical role in RA-associated pathology. However, a greater understanding of the translational effects of IL-6 outside of the immune system is needed. This review discusses our current understanding of emerging aspects of IL-6 in RA-associated pain, fatigue and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. This review also describes the clinical effects of IL-6 inhibition on these symptoms and co-morbidities in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest H S Choy
- Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Quintão NLM, Pastor MVD, Antonialli CDS, da Silva GF, Rocha LW, Berté TE, de Souza MM, Meyre-Silva C, Lucinda-Silva RM, Bresolin TMB, Cechinel Filho V. Aleurites moluccanus and its main active constituent, the flavonoid 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin, in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:248-254. [PMID: 30769038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aleurites moluccana is used in folk medicine to treat pain, fever, asthma, hepatitis, gastric ulcer and inflammatory process in general, and the nut oil had been topically applied to treat arthritis and other joint pain, however the seeds are classified as toxic for oral use. AIM Faced with the need for new alternative to treat the symptoms and modify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of A. moluccanus' leaves dried extract in rats and mice submitted to complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar Rats and Swiss mice were submitted to CFA-induced RA in the right hindpaw. They received A. moluccanus extract (orally; p.o.), dexamethasone (subcutaneously), 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin (p.o.) or vehicle (p.o.), from the 14th day after the CFA injection for up to 8 days. The mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated using the von Frey filaments and the paw-oedema was measured using a plethysmometer. The rats' injected hindpaw was used to perform the histological analysis. RESULTS A. moluccanus was able to significantly reduce the mechanical hypersensitivity in both ipsi- and contralateral hindpaws of mice injected with CFA, in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the paw-oedema was progressively reduced by A. moluccanus. Similar results were obtained for the positive-control drug dexamethasone and the isolated compound 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin. Besides the effects mentioned above, the extract was also effective to repair the joint damage in CFA-induced RA rats, including reduction of fibrosis, cartilage degradation and bone erosion scores. CONCLUSION These results together with the literature data reinforce the anti-hypersensitivity and anti-inflammatory activity of A. moluccanus extract. Part of the observed effects is due to the presence of the compound 2″-O-rhamnosylswertisin. The fact that the extract acted as a disease modifier point this herbal product as a promisor and safe tool to treat RA and other associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Carla de-Souza Antonialli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Francieli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lilian Wünsch Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Talita Elisa Berté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ruth Meri Lucinda-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Belle Bresolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Course, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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16
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Jones SA, Takeuchi T, Aletaha D, Smolen J, Choy EH, McInnes I. Interleukin 6: The biology behind the therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/conmed-2018-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)−6 performs a diverse portfolio of functions in normal physiology and disease. These functions extend beyond the typical role for an inflammatory cytokine, and IL-6 often displays hormone-like properties that affect metabolic processes associated with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and the neuroendocrine system. Consequently, the biology of IL-6 is complex. Recent advances in the field have led to novel interpretations of how IL-6 delivers immune homeostasis in health and yet drives disease pathology during infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Various biological drugs that target IL-6 are in clinical practice or emerging in clinical trials and pre-clinical development programmes. The challenge is knowing how and when to apply these therapies. In this review, we will explore the biology behind IL-6 directed therapies and identify some key hurdles for future investigation.
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17
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Ebersberger A. The analgesic potential of cytokine neutralization with biologicals. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Crotti C, Biggioggero M, Becciolini A, Favalli EG. Sarilumab: patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES 2018; 9:275-284. [PMID: 30154675 PMCID: PMC6108331 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s147286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, strategies for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been increasingly oriented toward more comprehensive control of the disease, taking into account even RA extra-articular manifestations, comorbidities, and the patient’s perception about the disease. The need for improving the shared decision-making process suggested by European League Against Rheumatism recommendations is leading to an increasing interest in the role of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) beside the usual more objective criteria for defining clinical response based on disease-activity composite indices. Measurement of such PROs as pain or fatigue may be significantly influenced by mood disorders often complicating RA, the pathogenesis of which is deeply interconnected with phlogistic processes mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. IL6 is a pleiotropic mediator involved in neuroendocrine and neuropsychological processes, besides its well known effects on immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems. Therefore, there is a growing body of evidence about the efficacy of IL6 blockade in PRO improvement in RA patients. Sarilumab is a monoclonal antibody binding both soluble and membrane-bound IL6Rα, inhibiting the IL6-mediated signaling pathway with favorable efficacy and safety profile. This review analyzes the importance of PROs in strategies for the management of RA and the pathogenic mechanisms linking IL6 with the patient’s perception of the disease. Moreover, the main findings from sarilumab randomized controlled trials are summarized in detail, emphasizing the potential role of this IL6 blocker in the holistic treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Crotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Health Community, University of Milan.,Division of Rheumatology, Gaetano Pini Institute, Milan, Italy
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19
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Raoof R, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Divergent roles of immune cells and their mediators in pain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:429-440. [PMID: 28968842 PMCID: PMC5850827 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major debilitating condition that is difficult to treat. Although chronic pain may appear to be a disorder of the nervous system, crucial roles for immune cells and their mediators have been identified as important contributors in various types of pain. This review focuses on how the immune system regulates pain and discusses the emerging roles of immune cells in the initiation or maintenance of chronic pain. We highlight which immune cells infiltrate damaged nerves, the dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord and tissues around free nerve endings and discuss through which mechanisms they control pain. Finally we discuss emerging roles of the immune system in resolving pain and how the immune system contributes to the transition from acute to chronic pain. We propose that targeting some of these immune processes may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Raoof
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke L D M Willemen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Biomarker of extracellular matrix remodelling C1M and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 are related to synovitis and pain in end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients. Pain 2017; 158:1254-1263. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Hu X, Adebiyi MG, Luo J, Sun K, Le TTT, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhao S, Karmouty-Quintana H, Liu H, Huang A, Wen YE, Zaika OL, Mamenko M, Pochynyuk OM, Kellems RE, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR, Walters ET, Huang D, Hu H, Xia Y. Sustained Elevated Adenosine via ADORA2B Promotes Chronic Pain through Neuro-immune Interaction. Cell Rep 2016; 16:106-119. [PMID: 27320922 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of chronic pain are poorly understood and effective mechanism-based treatments are lacking. Here, we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected chronic mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity due to sustained elevated circulating adenosine. Extending from Ada(-/-) mice, we further discovered that prolonged elevated adenosine contributed to chronic pain behaviors in two additional independent animal models: sickle cell disease mice, a model of severe pain with limited treatment, and complete Freund's adjuvant paw-injected mice, a well-accepted inflammatory model of chronic pain. Mechanistically, we revealed that activation of adenosine A2B receptors on myeloid cells caused nociceptor hyperexcitability and promoted chronic pain via soluble IL-6 receptor trans-signaling, and our findings determined that prolonged accumulated circulating adenosine contributes to chronic pain by promoting immune-neuronal interaction and revealed multiple therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 440851, China
| | - Morayo G Adebiyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thanh-Thuy T Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aji Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Edward Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oleg L Zaika
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mykola Mamenko
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oleh M Pochynyuk
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edgar T Walters
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 440851, China
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Vargas N, Marino F. Heat stress, gastrointestinal permeability and interleukin-6 signaling - Implications for exercise performance and fatigue. Temperature (Austin) 2016; 3:240-251. [PMID: 27857954 PMCID: PMC4964994 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1179380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise in heat stress exacerbates performance decrements compared to normothermic environments. It has been documented that the performance decrements are associated with reduced efferent drive from the central nervous system (CNS), however, specific factors that contribute to the decrements are not completely understood. During exertional heat stress, blood flow is preferentially distributed away from the intestinal area to supply the muscles and brain with oxygen. Consequently, the gastrointestinal barrier becomes increasingly permeable, resulting in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) into the circulation. LPS leakage stimulates an acute-phase inflammatory response, including the release of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to an increasingly endotoxic environment. If LPS translocation is too great, heat shock, neurological dysfunction, or death may ensue. IL-6 acts initially in a pro-inflammatory manner during endotoxemia, but can attenuate the response through signaling the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis. Likewise, IL-6 is believed to be a thermoregulatory sensor in the gut during the febrile response, hence highlighting its role in periphery – to – brain communication. Recently, IL-6 has been implicated in signaling the CNS and influencing perceptions of fatigue and performance during exercise. Therefore, due to the cascade of events that occur during exertional heat stress, it is possible that the release of LPS and exacerbated response of IL-6 contributes to CNS modulation during exertional heat stress. The purpose of this review is to evaluate previous literature and discuss the potential role for IL-6 during exertional heat stress to modulate performance in favor of whole body preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vargas
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Marino
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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23
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Zhao X, Chen W, Ge L, Jiang W, Tang B, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang C, Cao L, Guo H. Transient expression of Fc-fused human glycoprotein 130 in Expi293F suspension cells. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 124:41-7. [PMID: 27113713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human glycoprotein 130 (gp130) is a signal-transducing receptor for interleukin 6 (IL-6), whose signaling plays a critical role in chronic inflammation and cancer. The soluble form of gp130 specifically inhibits IL-6 trans-signaling. However, achieving high-level expression of a large glycoprotein such as gp130 is difficult. Here, we designed and constructed one Fc-gp130-pcDNA mammalian expression vector, with the mouse IgG2a Fc fragment added to the N-terminus of human gp130, which greatly increased the secretion of recombinant gp130 protein from Expi293F suspension cells. Recombinant fusion Fc-gp130 was easily and efficiently purified from the supernatant of transfected cells by one-step affinity chromatography. Moreover, Fc-gp130 could automatically form dimers by the disulfide bond. Fc-gp130 was confirmed as a more efficient IL-6 trans-signaling blocker by its higher biological activity against signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). This purified active Fc-gp130 could be used to develop valuable therapeutic agents against inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Bas DB, Su J, Wigerblad G, Svensson CI. Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: models and mechanisms. Pain Manag 2016; 6:265-84. [PMID: 27086843 DOI: 10.2217/pmt.16.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most challenging symptoms for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-related pain is frequently considered to be solely a consequence of inflammation in the joints; however, recent studies show that multiple mechanisms are involved. Indeed, RA pain may start even before the disease manifests, and frequently does not correlate with the degree of inflammation or pharmacological management. In this aspect, animal studies have the potential to provide new insights into the pathology that initiate and maintain pain in RA. The focus of this review is to describe the most commonly used animal models for studies of RA pathology, which have also been utilized in pain research, and to summarize findings providing potential clues to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of RA-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu B Bas
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Wigerblad
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Jochmann E, Boettger MK, Anand P, Schaible HG. Antigen-induced arthritis in rats is associated with increased growth-associated protein 43-positive intraepidermal nerve fibres remote from the joint. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:299. [PMID: 26503622 PMCID: PMC4621858 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain in arthritis may be experienced in regions outside the affected joint, and hyperalgesia may even be widespread. The spread of pain is usually attributed to mechanisms in the central nervous system. We investigated whether rats with antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) exhibit peripheral changes in skin innervation remote from the inflamed joint. Methods After immunization, unilateral AIA in the knee joint was induced in rats. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density was determined by immunohistochemical staining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and for nerve fibres expressing calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1; the heat and capsaicin receptor), β-tubulin, and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43; a marker of regenerating nerve fibres) in paw pad skin and back skin. Cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b)-positive macrophages and CD3-positive T cells were quantified in skin, and macrophages were quantified in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia. In addition, pain-related behaviour was assessed. Results Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (PGP 9.5) and the numbers of fibres expressing CGRP, SP, TRPV1, or β-tubulin did not show a significant change in the acute (3 days) or chronic phase (21 days) of AIA compared with control rats that were only immunized. However, paw skin and back skin revealed a significantly higher number of nerve fibres expressing GAP-43 at both the acute and chronic stages of AIA. The skin of arthritic rats in these regions did not contain a greater density of CD11b and CD3 immune cells than the skin of control rats. Enhanced expression of GAP-43 in nerve fibres of the skin was not related to hyperalgesia in the joint, but it accompanied persistent secondary cutaneous hyperalgesia in the skin remote from the inflamed joint. Conclusions Although the innervation of the skin remote from the joint did not show significant abnormalities of the other nerve fibre markers, the rapid and persistent increase of GAP-43 expression is conspicuous. The data suggest that immune-mediated arthritis is associated with changes in skin innervation remote from the inflamed joint, although the skin is not inflamed, which may contribute to symptoms in nonarticular tissue remote from the affected joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jochmann
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Teichgraben 8, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Michael Karl Boettger
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Teichgraben 8, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Present address: Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Praveen Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Teichgraben 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are major mediators in the pathogenesis of diseases of joints such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This review emphasizes that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 are also mediators of pain by directly acting on the nociceptive system. Proportions of nociceptive sensory neurons express receptors for these cytokines, and the application of cytokines rapidly changes the excitability, ion currents and second messenger systems of these neurons. By inducing persistent sensitization of nociceptive sensory neurons (C- and a proportion of Aδ-fibers) for mechanical stimuli in the joint (a process called peripheral sensitization), these cytokines significantly contribute to the persistent hyperalgesia typical for many disease states of the joint. In addition, the disease-associated release of cytokines in the spinal cord supports the generation of central sensitization. The therapeutic neutralization of proinflammatory cytokines thus not only reduces the process of inflammation but may directly reduce hyperalgesia and pain by reversing the neuronal effects of cytokines. It is emerging that different cytokines have different actions on neurons. The neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia of the joint. The neutralization of interleukin-1beta attenuates thermal hyperalgesia whereas the neutralization of interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 mainly reduces mechanical hyperalgesia. These different effects are partly explained by influencing different target molecules in sensory neurons. For example, in cultured sensory neurons tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta upregulate the TRPV1 ion channel, which is involved in the transduction of heat stimuli, consistent with an effect of these cytokines in thermal hyperalgesia. By contrast, interleukin-17 upregulates the TRPV4 ion channel, which has a role in the transduction of mechanical stimuli. Thus, the analgesic potential of neutralizing cytokines seems to depend on which cytokine is mainly involved in the particular pain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology I/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Teichgraben 8, Jena, D-07740, Germany.
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Pretreatment Prediction of Individual Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients' Response to Anti-Cytokine Therapy Using Serum Cytokine/Chemokine/Soluble Receptor Biomarkers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132055. [PMID: 26176225 PMCID: PMC4503565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to match rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with the anti-cytokine agent most efficacious for them is a major hindrance to patients’ speedy recovery and to the clinical use of anti-cytokine therapy. Identifying predictive biomarkers that can assist in matching RA patients with more suitable anti-cytokine treatment was our aim in this report. The sample consisted of 138 RA patients (naïve and non-naïve) who were administered tocilizumab or etanercept for a minimum of 16 weeks as a prescribed RA treatment. Pretreatment serum samples were obtained from patients and clinical measures of their disease activity were evaluated at baseline and 16 weeks after treatment commenced. Using patients’ pretreatment serum, we measured 31 cytokines/chemokines/soluble receptors and used multiple linear regression analysis to identify biomarkers that correlated with patients’ symptom levels (DAS28-CRP score) at week 16 and multiple logistic analyses for biomarkers that correlated with patients’ final outcome. The results revealed that sgp130, logIL-6, logIL-8, logEotaxin, logIP-10, logVEGF, logsTNFR-I and logsTNFR-II pretreatment serum levels were predictive of the week 16 DAS28-CRP score in naïve tocilizumab patients while sgp130, logGM-CSF and logIP-10 were predictive in non-naïve patients. Additionally, we found logIL-9, logVEGF and logTNF-α to be less reliable at predicting the week 16 DAS28-CRP score in naïve etanercept patients. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression analyses identified biomarkers that were predictive of remission/non-remission in tocilizumab and etanercept therapy. Although less reliable than those for tocilizumab, we identified a few possible biomarkers for etanercept therapy. The biomarkers for these two therapies differ suggesting that their efficacy will vary for individual patients. We discovered biomarkers in RA pretreatment serum that predicted their week 16 DAS28-CRP score and clinical outcome to tocilizumab therapy. Most of these biomarkers, especially sgp130, are involved in RA pathogenesis and IL-6 signal transduction, which further suggests that they are highly reliable.
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Scopoletin suppresses IL-6 production from fibroblast-like synoviocytes of adjuvant arthritis rats induced by IL-1β stimulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 17:1037-43. [PMID: 24455774 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scopoletin, a coumarin compound naturally occurring in many medicinal plants, has previously been demonstrated to ameliorate synovial inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. As interleukin (IL)-6 is critically involved in the initiation and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the present study was performed to investigate the effect of scopoletin on IL-6 production from fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to get insight into its anti-RA mechanisms. FLS were isolated from synovial membrane tissues of AA rats, and stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Scopoletin, at concentrations of 15, 30, and 60 μM, was shown to only moderately inhibit FLS proliferation, but dramatically reduce IL-6 production at both mRNA and protein levels. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). These findings suggest that scopoletin exerts anti-RA action probably through suppressing IL-6 production from FLS via MAPK/PKC/CREB pathways.
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Miller RE, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis joint pain: the cytokine connection. Cytokine 2014; 70:185-93. [PMID: 25066335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic and painful disease of synovial joints. Chondrocytes, synovial cells and other cells in the joint can express and respond to cytokines and chemokines, and all of these molecules can also be detected in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis. The presence of inflammatory cytokines in the osteoarthritic joint raises the question whether they may directly participate in pain generation by acting on innervating joint nociceptors. Here, we first provide a systematic discussion of the known proalgesic effects of cytokines and chemokines that have been detected in osteoarthritic joints, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, and the chemokines, MCP-1 and fractalkine. Subsequently, we discuss what is known about their contribution to joint pain based on studies in animal models. Finally, we briefly discuss limited data available from clinical studies in human osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Miller
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Rheumatology) and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Division of Rheumatology) and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Bowles RD, Mata BA, Bell RD, Mwangi TK, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Setton LA. In vivo luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity and serum cytokine levels predict pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:637-46. [PMID: 24574224 DOI: 10.1002/art.38279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between NF-κB activity, cytokine levels, and pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA was induced in transgenic NF-κB-luciferase reporter mice via intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Using luminescence imaging we evaluated the temporal kinetics of NF-κB activity and its relationship to the development of pain sensitivities and serum cytokine levels in this model. RESULTS MIA induced a transient increase in joint-related NF-κB activity at early time points (day 3 after injection) and an associated biphasic pain response (mechanical allodynia). NF-κB activity, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10 levels accounted for ∼75% of the variability in pain-related mechanical sensitivities in this model. Specifically, NF-κB activity was strongly correlated with mechanical allodynia and serum IL-6 levels in the inflammatory pain phase of this model (day 3), while serum IL-1β was strongly correlated with pain sensitivities in the chronic pain phase of the model (day 28). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NF-κB activity, IL-6, and IL-1β may play distinct roles in pain sensitivity development in this model of arthritis and may distinguish the acute pain phase from the chronic pain phase. This study establishes luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity as a novel imaging biomarker of pain sensitivities in this model of OA.
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31
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Dawes JM, Antunes-Martins A, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Sisignano M, Schmid R, Rust W, Hildebrandt T, Geisslinger G, Orengo C, Bennett DL, McMahon SB. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of skin and dorsal root ganglia after ultraviolet-B-induced inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93338. [PMID: 24732968 PMCID: PMC3986071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced inflammation produces a dose-dependent mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in both humans and rats, most likely via inflammatory mediators acting at the site of injury. Previous work has shown that the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines is positively correlated between species and that these factors can contribute to UVB-induced pain. In order to investigate other potential pain mediators in this model we used RNA-seq to perform genome-wide transcriptional profiling in both human and rat skin at the peak of hyperalgesia. In addition we have also measured transcriptional changes in the L4 and L5 DRG of the rat model. Our data show that UVB irradiation produces a large number of transcriptional changes in the skin: 2186 and 3888 genes are significantly dysregulated in human and rat skin, respectively. The most highly up-regulated genes in human skin feature those encoding cytokines (IL6 and IL24), chemokines (CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL5), the prostanoid synthesising enzyme COX-2 and members of the keratin gene family. Overall there was a strong positive and significant correlation in gene expression between the human and rat (R = 0.8022). In contrast to the skin, only 39 genes were significantly dysregulated in the rat L4 and L5 DRGs, the majority of which had small fold change values. Amongst the most up-regulated genes in DRG were REG3B, CCL2 and VGF. Overall, our data shows that numerous genes were up-regulated in UVB irradiated skin at the peak of hyperalgesia in both human and rats. Many of the top up-regulated genes were cytokines and chemokines, highlighting again their potential as pain mediators. However many other genes were also up-regulated and might play a role in UVB-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, the strong gene expression correlation between species re-emphasises the value of the UVB model as translational tool to study inflammatory pain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Ganglia, Spinal/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects
- Genome/genetics
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Rats, Wistar
- Reference Standards
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/radiation effects
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Antunes-Martins
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Paterson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum fuer Arzneimittelforschung, -Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ramona Schmid
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Werner Rust
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum fuer Arzneimittelforschung, -Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Orengo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Assessment of rat antigen-induced arthritis and its suppression during glucocorticoid therapy by use of hemicyanine dye probes with different molecular weight in near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging. Invest Radiol 2014; 48:729-37. [PMID: 23835596 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3182954046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arthritic joints are ideal disease entities to be assessed via optical imaging. Here, we investigated the selective accumulation behavior of two differently sized hemicyanine optical probes in arthritic joints and its modification during glucocorticoid therapy in the course of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The well-standardized preclinical antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rats was used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: arthritic, arthritic and dexamethasone-treated, and immunized only. After intravenous coinjection of DY-752 (size, 800 Da) and DY-682-(rat) IgG (size, 150 kDa) probes, spectrally unmixed near-infrared fluorescence images were acquired and analyzed semiquantitatively. Probe organ distribution, joint swelling, blood cell counts, joint vessel density, and histological scoring of arthritis were determined. RESULTS The local joint accumulation kinetics of the DY-752 probe differed from the DY-682-IgG one. In the course of AIA, probe signaling in arthritic joints was similar between each other. Joint swelling and histological scoring were in accordance with signaling. Dexamethasone treatment of rats with AIA significantly reduced both the near-infrared fluorescence signals and severity of arthritis but did not change the joint vascular density or the uptake of the probes by phagocytes. A differential biodistribution of both probes was encountered, but such an accumulation was prevented by dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Near-infrared fluorescence signaling in the course of AIA closely reflects the pathophysiological events of the arthritic joint and the effects of therapy independently of the molecular size of the probe. The results show the suitability of our hemicyanine probes for imaging of arthritis.
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Enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during antigen-induced arthritis in adult rat--a crucial role of immunization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89258. [PMID: 24586636 PMCID: PMC3931708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the mammalian hippocampal dentate gyrus contributes significantly to brain neuroplasticity. There is evidence that inflammation of the central nervous system inhibits neurogenesis but peripheral inflammation such as antigen-induced arthritis may rather enhance neurogenesis. Manifest arthritis is associated with symptoms such as pain and altered locomotion indicating that peripheral inflammation is associated with changes of both the immune system and the nervous system. This raises the intriguing question whether immune or neuronal factors or both actually drive changes of neurogenesis. Here we explored hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat during chronic antigen-induced arthritis in the knee joint. We analyzed neurogenesis in control rats, and in rats which were immunized for the antigen producing arthritis but which did not show arthritis and neurological symptoms, and in rats in which antigen injection into the knee produced manifest local inflammation and symptoms such as pain at the inflamed knee and altered locomotor behavior. Neurogenesis was assessed by quantifying bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in sections of the complete hippocampal dentate gyrus. Compared to control animals, rats with antigen-induced arthritis presenting manifest local inflammation, hyperalgesia at the inflamed knee and significantly altered locomotion exhibited a significant increase of bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells. However, a similar increase in the number of such cells was found in rats which were only immunized against the antigen, but in which no local inflammatory response was induced and which thereby neither showed hyperalgesia nor alterations of locomotion. Thus we conclude that in peripheral immune-mediated arthritis the activation of the immune system in the process of immunization is the causal factor driving enhanced neurogenesis, and neither the local enhancement of inflammation nor the activation of the nervous system leading to neurological symptoms such as pain and altered locomotion. It seems noteworthy to further explore the clinical importance of this neuroimmune interaction.
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Langeslag M, Malsch P, Welling A, Kress M. Reduced excitability of gp130-deficient nociceptors is associated with increased voltage-gated potassium currents and Kcna4 channel upregulation. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2153-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Pain is a major clinical problem of osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, OA has been thought to be a disease of the whole joint with both destruction of cartilage and inflammatory components such as synovitis and bone marrow lesions. Clinical studies have documented a significant inflammatory soft tissue contribution to the severity and frequency of OA pain. Both clinical and experimental studies have provided evidence for the sensitization of pain pathways during OA, involving pronounced changes in joint nociceptors and changes of the nociceptive processing in the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamocortical system. Additionally, evidence has been provided for neuropathic pain components in OA models. Concerning molecular mechanisms of OA pain and potential options for pain therapy, studies on nerve growth factor, cytokines, sodium channel blockers, hyaluronic acid preparations, and others are addressed in this review.
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Braun O, Dewitz C, Möller-Hackbarth K, Scheller J, Schiffelholz T, Baier PC, Rose-John S. Effects of Blockade of Peripheral Interleukin-6 Trans-Signaling on Hippocampus-Dependent and Independent Memory in Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:254-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Braun
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christin Dewitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-II, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schiffelholz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Baier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Shi Q, Abusarah J, Baroudi G, Fernandes JC, Fahmi H, Benderdour M. Response to 'Ramipril attenuates lipid peroxidation and cardiac fibrosis in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis' - authors' reply. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:406. [PMID: 23566352 PMCID: PMC3672737 DOI: 10.1186/ar4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vazquez E, Kahlenbach J, Segond von Banchet G, König C, Schaible HG, Ebersberger A. Spinal interleukin-6 is an amplifier of arthritic pain in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2233-42. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Videoradiographic analysis of the range of motion in unilateral experimental knee joint arthritis in rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R79. [PMID: 21619620 PMCID: PMC3218889 DOI: 10.1186/ar3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The translational and predictive value of animal models highly depends on the validity of respective readout parameters. In arthritis research, there has been a shift from sole threshold testing for pain-related behavior, as well as from swelling and histology assessment for inflammation, toward an analysis of joint function as indicated, for instance, by an increasing number of studies on gait abnormalities. Clinically, the range of motion (ROM) of the affected joint plays a major role in diagnosis and the assessment of treatment benefits. This parameter, however, is only insufficiently detected by currently used analytic systems in animals. Methods Here we used high-resolution videoradiographic analysis to assess ROM in experimental knee joint arthritis in rats. This parameter is described during the 21-day course of antigen-induced arthritis in rats. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of antinociceptive (morphine) and anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone) treatment on ROM are documented. To obtain additional information on the implications of ROM in animal models, correlations were performed to measure pain-related behavior and inflammation. Results The study animals showed a significant reduction in ROM of the inflamed knee joint in the acute phase of arthritis. This was accompanied by an increase in knee joint movement on the contralateral side, indicating a compensational mechanism. Both morphine and dexamethasone treatment increased and thus normalized ROM. Changes in ROM were further stage-dependently correlated with weight bearing and joint swelling, that is, with both pain-related behavior and signs of inflammation. Conclusions The dynamic ROM observed in freely moving rats in our model of knee joint arthritis might serve as a parameter for global disease activity and might thus represent a promising readout parameter for preclinical assessment regarding the overall efficacy not only of antiarthritic but also of antinociceptive compounds.
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Abstract
Pain management in conditions of chronic inflammation is a clinical challenge, and increasing our understanding of the mechanisms driving this type of pain is important. In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Boettger and colleagues examine the role of IL-6 in antigen-induced arthritis using the IL-6 neutralizing soluble glycoprotein 130 and link IL-6 to a pathophysiological role in the generation of pain, independent of the proinflammatory properties of IL-6. The findings presented in this study add to a growing body of evidence highlighting the role of IL-6 in the induction and maintenance of pain.
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