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Li W, Li Y, Zhao J, Liao J, Wen W, Chen Y, Cui H. Release of damaged mitochondrial DNA: A novel factor in stimulating inflammatory response. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155330. [PMID: 38733868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular double-stranded genome that exists independently of the nucleus. In recent years, research on mtDNA has significantly increased, leading to a gradual increase in understanding of its physiological and pathological characteristics. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors can damage mtDNA. This damaged mtDNA can escape from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm or extracellular space, subsequently activating immune signaling pathways, such as NLR family pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3), and triggering inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of mtDNA damage and leakage in the pathological mechanisms underlying various diseases including infectious diseases, metabolic inflammation, and immune disorders. Consequently, comprehensive investigation of mtDNA can elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying numerous diseases. The prevention of mtDNA damage and leakage has emerged as a novel approach to disease treatment, and mtDNA has emerged as a promising target for drug development. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-induced inflammation, its association with various diseases, and the methods used for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of TCM Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of TCM Encephalopathy, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Lehmann J, Giaglis S, Kyburz D, Daoudlarian D, Walker UA. Plasma mtDNA as a possible contributor to and biomarker of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:97. [PMID: 38715082 PMCID: PMC11075188 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) contribute to the inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it is unknown if mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) is more abundant in the circulation. It is unclear if DNA concentration measurements may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS This single-center prospective observational study collected plasma from consecutive RA patients and healthy blood donors. Platelets were removed, and mtDNA and nDNA copy numbers were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS One hundred six RA patients and 85 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Circulating median mtDNA copy numbers were increased 19.4-fold in the plasma of patients with RA (median 1.1 x108 copies/mL) compared to HC (median 5.4 x106 copies/mL, p<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of mtDNA copy numbers identified RA patients with high sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (89.4%) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97, p <0.0001 and a positive likelihood ratio of 8.7. Demographic, serological (rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positivity) and treatment factors were not associated with DNA concentrations. mtDNA plasma concentrations, however, correlated significantly with disease activity score-28- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and increased numerically with increasing DAS28-ESR and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) activity. MtDNA copy numbers also discriminated RA in remission (DAS28 <2.6) from HC (p<0.0001). Also, a correlation was observed between mtDNA and the ESR (p = 0.006, R= 0.29). Similar analyses showed no significance for nDNA. CONCLUSION In contrast to nDNA, mtDNA is significantly elevated in the plasma of RA patients compared with HC. Regardless of RA activity, the abundance of circulating mtDNA is a sensitive discriminator between RA patients and HC. Further validation of the diagnostic value of mtDNA testing is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Daoudlarian
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich A Walker
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland.
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Panagopoulou M, Karaglani M, Tzitzikou K, Kessari N, Arvanitidis K, Amarantidis K, Drosos GI, Gerou S, Papanas N, Papazoglou D, Baritaki S, Constantinidis TC, Chatzaki E. Mitochondrial Fraction of Circulating Cell-Free DNA as an Indicator of Human Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4199. [PMID: 38673785 PMCID: PMC11050675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) of mitochondrial origin (ccf-mtDNA) consists of a minor fraction of total ccfDNA in blood or in other biological fluids. Aberrant levels of ccf-mtDNA have been observed in many pathologies. Here, we introduce a simple and effective standardized Taqman probe-based dual-qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection and relative quantification of nuclear and mitochondrial fragments of ccfDNA. Three pathologies of major burden, one malignancy (Breast Cancer, BrCa), one inflammatory (Osteoarthritis, OA) and one metabolic (Type 2 Diabetes, T2D), were studied. Higher levels of ccf-mtDNA were detected both in BrCa and T2D in relation to health, but not in OA. In BrCa, hormonal receptor status was associated with ccf-mtDNA levels. Machine learning analysis of ccf-mtDNA datasets was used to build biosignatures of clinical relevance. (A) a three-feature biosignature discriminating between health and BrCa (AUC: 0.887) and a five-feature biosignature for predicting the overall survival of BrCa patients (Concordance Index: 0.756). (B) a five-feature biosignature stratifying among T2D, prediabetes and health (AUC: 0.772); a five-feature biosignature discriminating between T2D and health (AUC: 0.797); and a four-feature biosignature identifying prediabetes from health (AUC: 0.795). (C) a biosignature including total plasma ccfDNA with very high performance in discriminating OA from health (AUC: 0.934). Aberrant ccf-mtDNA levels could have diagnostic/prognostic potential in BrCa and Diabetes, while the developed multiparameter biosignatures can add value to their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Makrina Karaglani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tzitzikou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
| | - Nikoleta Kessari
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Amarantidis
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George I. Drosos
- Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Spyros Gerou
- Analysis Biopathological Diagnostic Research Laboratories, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papazoglou
- Diabetes Centre, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodoros C. Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.T.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research and Innovation Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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5
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Aboul Naser AF, Ahmed YR, Mohammed MA, Aboelmagd M, Aboutabl ME, Hassan EE, Khalil WKB, Hamed MA. Inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and genetic disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis rats supported by alfalfa seeds metabolomic constituents via blocking interleukin-1receptor. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301653. [PMID: 38158718 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by aggressive cartilage and bone erosion. This work aimed to evaluate the metabolomic profile of Medicago sativa L. (MS) (alfalfa) seeds and explore its therapeutic impact against RA in rats. Arthritis was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and its severity was assessed by the arthritis index. Treatment with MS seeds butanol fraction and interlukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were evaluated through measuring interlukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) type 1 gene expression, interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β), oxidative stress markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), caspase-3 (Cas-3), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), DNA fragmentation, and chromosomal damage. Total phenolics/ flavonoids content in the ethyl acetate, butanol fraction and crude extract of MS seeds were estimated. The major identified compounds were Quercetin, Trans-taxifolin, Gallic acid, 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone, Cinnamic acid, Kudzusaponin SA4, Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-2'',3'',4''-triacetylglucopyranoside, Apigenin, 5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone, Desmethylxanthohumol, Pantothenic acid, Soyasapogenol E, Malvidin, Helilandin B, Stigmasterol, and Wairol. Treatment with MS seeds butanol fraction and IL-1RA enhanced all the biochemical parameters and the histopathological features of the ankle joint. In conclusion, Trans-taxifolin was isolated for the first time from the genus Medicago. MS butanol fraction seeds extract and IL-1 RA were considered as anti-rheumatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna R Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboelmagd
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Entesar E Hassan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Yao J, Sterling K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Song W. The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38177104 PMCID: PMC10766654 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three major components: an upstream sensor molecule that is connected to a downstream effector protein such as caspase-1 through the adapter protein ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs in response to infectious agents or cellular damage. The active inflammasome then triggers caspase-1 activation, followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant inflammasome activation and activity contribute to the development of diabetes, cancer, and several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, recent research has increasingly focused on investigating the mechanisms that regulate inflammasome assembly and activation, as well as the potential of targeting inflammasomes to treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different inflammasomes contribute to disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this article, we provide a summary of the biological and pathological roles of inflammasomes in health and disease. We also highlight key evidence that suggests targeting inflammasomes could be a novel strategy for developing new disease-modifying therapies that may be effective in several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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7
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Garg M, Johri S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology? FEBS J 2023; 290:4395-4418. [PMID: 35731715 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the extramitochondrial compartment. These endogenous immune triggers, called mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet their role remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarise the available literature on mtDAMPs in diseases, with a special focus on respiratory diseases. We highlight the need to bolster mtDAMP research using a multipronged approach, to study their effect on specific cell types, receptors and machinery in pathologies. We emphasise the lacunae in the current understanding of mtDAMPs, particularly in their cellular release and the chemical modifications they undergo. Finally, we conclude by proposing additional effects of mtDAMPs in diseases, specifically their role in modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Garg
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saumya Johri
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Cardio-Respiratory Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Muscari Tomajoli MT, Venditti P. Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process-Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12453. [PMID: 37569829 PMCID: PMC10419829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Acton n. 38, I-80133 Naples, Italy; (G.N.); (M.T.M.T.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples ‘Napoli Federico II’, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
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Seewald LA, Sabino IG, Montney KL, Delco ML. Synovial fluid mitochondrial DNA concentration reflects the degree of cartilage damage after naturally occurring articular injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1056-1065. [PMID: 37028640 PMCID: PMC10524327 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from injured chondrocytes and investigate the utility of synovial fluid mtDNA concentration in early detection of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. METHOD We measured mtDNA release using four models of osteoarthritis: in vitro interleukin-1β stimulation of cultured equine chondrocytes, ex vivo mechanical impact of bovine cartilage explants, in vivo mechanical impact of equine articular cartilage, and naturally occurring equine intraarticular fracture. In our in vivo model, one group was treated with an intraarticular injection of the mitoprotective peptide SS-31 following cartilage injury. mtDNA content was quantified using qPCR. For naturally occurring cases of joint injury, clinical data (radiographs, arthroscopic video footage) were scored for criteria associated with degenerative joint disease. RESULTS Chondrocytes released mtDNA in the acute time frame following inflammatory and mechanical cellular stress in vitro. mtDNA was increased in equine synovial fluid following experimental and naturally occurring injury to the joint surface. In naturally occurring posttraumatic osteoarthritis, we found a strong positive correlation between the degree of cartilage damage and mtDNA concentration (r = 0.80, P = 0.0001). Finally, impact-induced mtDNA release was mitigated by mitoprotective treatment. CONCLUSION Changes in synovial fluid mtDNA occur following joint injury and correlate with the severity of cartilage damage. Mitoprotection mitigates increases in synovial fluid mtDNA suggesting that mtDNA release may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction. Further investigation of mtDNA as a potentially sensitive marker of early articular injury and response to mitoprotective therapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Seewald
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - I G Sabino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - K L Montney
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - M L Delco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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10
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Di Vincenzo F, Yadid Y, Petito V, Emoli V, Masi L, Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Gasbarrini A, Regenberg B, Scaldaferri F. Circular and Circulating DNA in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathogenesis to Potential Molecular Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:1953. [PMID: 37566032 PMCID: PMC10417561 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are chronic multifactorial disorders which affect the gastrointestinal tract with variable extent. Despite extensive research, their etiology and exact pathogenesis are still unknown. Cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) are defined as any DNA fragments which are free from the origin cell and able to circulate into the bloodstream with or without microvescicles. CfDNAs are now being increasingly studied in different human diseases, like cancer or inflammatory diseases. However, to date it is unclear how IBD etiology is linked to cfDNAs in plasma. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) are non-plasmidic, nuclear, circular and closed DNA molecules found in all eukaryotes tested. CfDNAs appear to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, and cancer; recently, interest has also grown in IBD, and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been suggested. We now suggest that eccDNAs also play a role in IBD. In this review, we have comprehensively collected available knowledge in literature regarding cfDNA, eccDNA, and structures involving them such as neutrophil extracellular traps and exosomes, and their role in IBD. Finally, we focused on old and novel potential molecular therapies and drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Ylenia Yadid
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Valeria Emoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Letizia Masi
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
| | - Marcos Jesus Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Calle María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
| | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Room 426, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.V.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (Y.Y.); (V.E.)
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11
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Abstract
According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼16 kb in mammals), circular molecule that is the present-day mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The ability of mtDNA to escape mitochondria and integrate into the nuclear genome was discovered in budding yeast, along with genes that regulate this process. Mitochondria have emerged as key regulators of innate immunity, and it is now recognized that mtDNA released into the cytoplasm, outside of the cell, or into circulation activates multiple innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we first review the mechanisms through which mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, including several inducible mitochondrial pores and defective mitophagy or autophagy. Next, we cover how the different forms of released mtDNA activate specific innate immune nucleic acid sensors and inflammasomes. Finally, we discuss how intracellular and extracellular mtDNA release, including circulating cell-free mtDNA that promotes systemic inflammation, are implicated in human diseases, bacterial and viral infections, senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Newman
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
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12
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Moore RE, Wang T, Duvvuri B, Feser ML, Deane KD, Solomon JJ, Lee Nelson J, Demoruelle MK, Lood C. Prediction of Erosive Disease Development by Antimitochondrial Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:890-899. [PMID: 36580020 PMCID: PMC10238559 DOI: 10.1002/art.42428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are found in the extracellular space in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether mitochondria are a source of autoantigens in RA has not been carefully addressed. Thus, we undertook this study to investigate the presence and significance of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) in patients with RA. METHODS AMAs were measured in serum samples from 3 cross-sectional cohorts of RA patients (n = 95, n = 192, and n = 117) and healthy individuals (n = 38, n = 72, and n = 50) using a flow cytometry-based assay. Further, AMAs were detected using an anti-mitofusin-1 (anti-MFN-1) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. A longitudinal inception cohort, followed up for a median of 8 years, was used to study disease progression. RESULTS AMA levels were elevated in RA patients from all 3 cohorts as compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01), with a range of 14-26% positivity. Levels of anti-MFN-1 antibodies correlated with AMA levels (r = 0.31, P = 0.006) and were elevated in RA patients as compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001). The presence of AMAs was associated with erosive disease (P < 0.05) and interstitial lung disease (P < 0.01). Further, AMA levels were found to predict erosive disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.59, P = 0.006) and joint space narrowing (OR 3.08, P = 0.02) independent of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Finally, anti-MFN-1 antibodies identified seronegative patients developing erosive disease (OR 9.33; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the presence of novel autoantibodies targeting mitochondria in the setting of RA. AMAs were used to stratify patients based on disease phenotype and to predict development of erosive disease, including in patients with seronegative disease. Our results highlight the essential role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of RA and suggest a possible benefit of therapies targeting mitochondrial-mediated inflammation and clearance in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Moore
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie L. Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin D. Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua J. Solomon
- Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J. Lee Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Chen S, Liao Z, Xu P. Mitochondrial control of innate immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166214. [PMID: 37325622 PMCID: PMC10267745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles and essential components of numerous biological processes such as energy metabolism, signal transduction, and cell fate determination. In recent years, their critical roles in innate immunity have come to the forefront, highlighting impacts on pathogenic defense, tissue homeostasis, and degenerative diseases. This review offers an in-depth and comprehensive examination of the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the interactions between mitochondria and innate immune responses. We will delve into the roles of healthy mitochondria as platforms for signalosome assembly, the release of mitochondrial components as signaling messengers, and the regulation of signaling via mitophagy, particularly to cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling and inflammasomes. Furthermore, the review will explore the impacts of mitochondrial proteins and metabolites on modulating innate immune responses, the polarization of innate immune cells, and their implications on infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Jiao Y, Yan Z, Yang A. Mitochondria in innate immunity signaling and its therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160035. [PMID: 37122709 PMCID: PMC10130412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by vast alterations in immune responses, but the pathogenesis remains sophisticated and yet to be fully elucidated. Multiple mechanisms regulating cell differentiation, maturation, and death are critical, among which mitochondria-related cellular organelle functions have recently gained accumulating attention. Mitochondria, as a highly preserved organelle in eukaryotes, have crucial roles in the cellular response to both exogenous and endogenous stress beyond their fundamental functions in chemical energy conversion. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the function of mitochondria in the innate immune response and its aberrancy in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc., mainly focusing on its direct impact on cellular metabolism and its machinery on regulating immune response signaling pathways. More importantly, we summarize the status quo of potential therapeutic targets found in the mitochondrial regulation in the setting of autoimmune diseases and wish to shed light on future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Xian H, Karin M. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA: a protective signal gone awry. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:188-200. [PMID: 36739208 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of mitochondria as key regulators of innate immunity, the mechanisms underlying the generation and release of immunostimulatory alarmins by stressed mitochondria remains nebulous. We propose that the major mitochondrial alarmin in myeloid cells is oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Fragmented Ox-mtDNA enters the cytosol where it activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and generates IL-1β, IL-18, and cGAS-STING to induce type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes. Inflammasome activation further enables the circulatory release of Ox-mtDNA by opening gasdermin D pores. We summarize new data showing that, in addition to being an autoimmune disease biomarker, Ox-mtDNA converts beneficial transient inflammation into long-lasting immunopathology. We discuss how Ox-mtDNA induces short- and long-term immune activation, and highlight its homeostatic and immunopathogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Xian
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Ward GA, Dalton RP, Meyer BS, McLemore AF, Aldrich AL, Lam NB, Onimus AH, Vincelette ND, Trinh TL, Chen X, Calescibetta AR, Christiansen SM, Hou HA, Johnson JO, Wright KL, Padron E, Eksioglu EA, List AF. Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Engages TLR9 to Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043896. [PMID: 36835307 PMCID: PMC9966808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) are bone marrow (BM) failure malignancies characterized by constitutive innate immune activation, including NLRP3 inflammasome driven pyroptotic cell death. We recently reported that the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) is diagnostically increased in MDS plasma although the functional consequences remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that ox-mtDNA is released into the cytosol, upon NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptotic lysis, where it propagates and further enhances the inflammatory cell death feed-forward loop onto healthy tissues. This activation can be mediated via ox-mtDNA engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an endosomal DNA sensing pattern recognition receptor known to prime and activate the inflammasome propagating the IFN-induced inflammatory response in neighboring healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), which presents a potentially targetable axis for the reduction in inflammasome activation in MDS. We found that extracellular ox-mtDNA activates the TLR9-MyD88-inflammasome pathway, demonstrated by increased lysosome formation, IRF7 translocation, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) production. Extracellular ox-mtDNA also induces TLR9 redistribution in MDS HSPCs to the cell surface. The effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation were validated by blocking TLR9 activation via chemical inhibition and CRISPR knockout, demonstrating that TLR9 was necessary for ox-mtDNA-mediated inflammasome activation. Conversely, lentiviral overexpression of TLR9 sensitized cells to ox-mtDNA. Lastly, inhibiting TLR9 restored hematopoietic colony formation in MDS BM. We conclude that MDS HSPCs are primed for inflammasome activation via ox-mtDNA released by pyroptotic cells. Blocking the TLR9/ox-mtDNA axis may prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Ward
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert P. Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Meyer
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy F. McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy L. Aldrich
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nghi B. Lam
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexis H. Onimus
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole D. Vincelette
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Sean M. Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Joseph O. Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8560
| | - Alan F. List
- Precision BioSciences, Inc., Durham, NC 27701, USA
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17
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Role of Myeloid Cell-Specific TLR9 in Mitochondrial DNA-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020939. [PMID: 36674451 PMCID: PMC9864555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common in various pathological conditions including obesity. Release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role in driving the pro-inflammatory response in leukocytes including macrophages. However, the mechanisms by which mtDNA induces leukocyte inflammatory responses in vivo are still unclear. Moreover, how mtDNA is released in an obese setting has not been well understood. By using a mouse model of TLR9 deficiency in myeloid cells (e.g., macrophages), we found that TLR9 signaling in myeloid cells was critical to mtDNA-mediated pro-inflammatory responses such as neutrophil influx and chemokine production. mtDNA release by lung macrophages was enhanced by exposure to palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid related to obesity. Moreover, TLR9 contributed to PA-mediated mtDNA release and inflammatory responses. Pathway analysis of RNA-sequencing data in TLR9-sufficient lung macrophages revealed the up-regulation of axon guidance molecule genes and down-regulation of metabolic pathway genes by PA. However, in TLR9-deficient lung macrophages, PA down-regulated axon guidance molecule genes, but up-regulated metabolic pathway genes. Our results suggest that mtDNA utilizes TLR9 signaling in leukocytes to promote lung inflammatory responses in hosts with increased PA. Moreover, TLR9 signaling is involved in the regulation of axon guidance and metabolic pathways in lung macrophages exposed to PA.
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18
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Bo L, Jin X, Hu Y, Yang R. Role of Liquid Biopsies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:237-246. [PMID: 37450123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective therapy and prognosis of RA, while biomarkers play important roles in early diagnosis. Traditional laboratory tests include rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, which are inadequate in the ability of early diagnosis. Liquid biopsy technology is a technique using biomarkers found in the blood, urine, and other biological samples from patients, including DNA, RNA, exosome, etc. Evidence indicates that these biomarkers are involved in pathological and physiological conditions of RA. We reviewed the effects of liquid biopsy technology in the early diagnosis of RA and may provide new ideas for effective and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojia Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Peng S, Gao J, Stojkov D, Yousefi S, Simon H. Established and emerging roles for mitochondria in neutrophils. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:413-426. [PMID: 36331270 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in human blood, emerging as important players in a variety of diseases. Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles critical for cell fate and function. Mitochondria have been overlooked in neutrophil research owing to the conventional view that neutrophils contain few, if any, competent mitochondria and do not rely on these organelles for adenosine triphosphate production. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria participate in neutrophil biology at many levels, ranging from neutrophil development to chemotaxis, effector function, and cell death. Moreover, mitochondria and mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, can be released by neutrophils to eliminate infection and/or shape immune response, depending on the specific context. In this review, we provide an update on the functional role of mitochondria in neutrophils, highlight mitochondria as key players in modulating the neutrophil phenotype and function during infection and inflammation, and discuss the possibilities and challenges to exploit the unique aspects of mitochondria in neutrophils for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Sechenov University Moscow Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan Federal University Kazan Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School Neuruppin Germany
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20
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Becker YLC, Duvvuri B, Fortin PR, Lood C, Boilard E. The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:621-640. [PMID: 36175664 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an intracellular organelle thought to originate from endosymbiosis between an ancestral eukaryotic cell and an α-proteobacterium. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and can control several important processes within the cell, such as cell death. Conversely, dysregulation of mitochondria possibly contributes to the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases. Defects in mitochondria can be caused by mutations in the mitochondrial genome or by chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, including type I interferons. Following the release of intact mitochondria or mitochondrial components into the cytosol or the extracellular space, the bacteria-like molecular motifs of mitochondria can elicit pro-inflammatory responses by the innate immune system. Moreover, antibodies can target mitochondria in autoimmune diseases, suggesting an interplay between the adaptive immune system and mitochondria. In this Review, we discuss the roles of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. An understanding of the different contributions of mitochondria to distinct rheumatic diseases or manifestations could permit the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the use of mitochondria-derived biomarkers to inform pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann L C Becker
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche ARThrite-Arthrite, Recherche et Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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21
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Liu L, Deng QJ. Role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2102-2107. [PMID: 35259815 PMCID: PMC9083154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are composed of fragments of exfoliated plasma membrane, organelles or nuclei and are released after cell activation, apoptosis or destruction. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant type of extracellular vesicle in the blood of patients with traumatic brain injury. Accumulated laboratory and clinical evidence shows that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the recent progress of research on platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in coagulopathy and inflammation and the potential of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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Jain A, Mittal S, Tripathi LP, Nussinov R, Ahmad S. Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions: A comprehensive review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4415-4436. [PMID: 36051878 PMCID: PMC9420432 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by host cells is an effective host strategy to detect pathogenic invasion and trigger immune responses. In the context of pathogen-specific pharmacology, there is a growing interest in mapping the interactions between pathogen-derived nucleic acids and host proteins. Insight into the principles of the structural and immunological mechanisms underlying such interactions and their roles in host defense is necessary to guide therapeutic intervention. Here, we discuss the newest advances in studies of molecular interactions involving pathogen nucleic acids and host factors, including their drug design, molecular structure and specific patterns. We observed that two groups of nucleic acid recognizing molecules, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs) form the backbone of host responses to pathogen nucleic acids, with additional support provided by absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and DNA-dependent activator of Interferons (IFNs)-regulatory factors (DAI) like cytosolic activity. We review the structural, immunological, and other biological aspects of these representative groups of molecules, especially in terms of their target specificity and affinity and challenges in leveraging host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions (HP-PNI) in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Lokesh P. Tripathi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National, Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shandar Ahmad
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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23
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Uresti-Rivera EE, García-Hernández MH. AIM2-inflammasome role in systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:443-454. [PMID: 35880661 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome AIM2 regulates multiple aspects of innate immune functions and serves as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses. AIM2 inflammasome activation leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 and participates triggering a pyroptosis response needed to counteract excessive cell proliferation. In addition, AIM2 expression and activation is wide regulated since alteration in its activity may derived in pathological consequences. Consequently, deregulated AIM2 activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the activation and function of AIM2 inflammasome, as well as its contribution in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous pathology. Finally, we highlight the participation of the AIM2-inflammasome at the level of joint in rheumatoid arthritis and at kidney in systemic lupus erythematous. The development of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of AIM2-inflammasome activity should have a tissue-specific focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Uresti-Rivera
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M H García-Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
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Lou H, Ling GS, Cao X. Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: From immunopathology to therapeutic target. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102861. [PMID: 35872103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies, especially anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies are highly specific to SLE, and participate in the immune complex formation and inflammatory damage on multiple end-organs such as kidney, skin, and central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanisms of autoantibody-induced tissue damage and systemic inflammation are still not fully understood. Single cell analysis of autoreactive B cells and monoclonal antibody screening from patients with active SLE has improved our understanding on the origin of autoreactive B cells and the antigen targets of the pathogenic autoantibodies. B cell depletion therapies have been widely studied in the clinics, but the development of more specific therapies against the pathogenic B cell subset and autoantibodies with improved efficacy and safety still remain a big challenge. A more comprehensive autoantibody profiling combined with functional characterization of autoantibodies in diseases development will shed new insights on the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE and guide a specific treatment to individual SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DR, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK; Nankai-Oxford International Advanced Institute, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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25
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Zhong XY, Guo Y, Fan Z. Increased level of free-circulating MtDNA in maintenance hemodialysis patients: Possible role in systemic inflammation. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24558. [PMID: 35708020 PMCID: PMC9279998 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) exposed to the extracellular space due to cell death and stress has immunostimulatory properties. However, the clinical significance of circulating MtDNA in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and the precise mechanism of its emergence have yet to be investigated. Methods This cross‐sectional study consisted of 52 MHD patients and 32 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. MHD patients were further categorized into high and low circulating cell‐free MtDNA (ccf‐MtDNA) groups based on the median value. Copy number of MtDNA was quantified using TaqMan‐based qPCR. Plasma cytokines were measured using ELISA kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected using DCFH‐DA or JC‐1 staining. Results The copy numbers of ccf‐MtDNA in patients with MHD were higher than those in healthy controls, and these alterations were correlated with changes of cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6. Adjusted model in multivariate analysis showed that the presence of anuria and longer dialysis vintage were independently associated with higher levels of ccf‐MtDNA. Meanwhile, although not statistically significant, an inverse correlative trend between urinary MtDNA and ccf‐MtDNA was observed in patients with residual urine. Afterward, using PBMCs as surrogates for mitochondria‐rich cells, we found that patients in the high ccf‐MtDNA group exhibited a significantly higher ROS production and lower Δψm in cells. Conclusions Our data suggested that changes in ccf‐MtDNA correlate with the degree of inflammatory status in MHD patients, and that the excessive MtDNA may be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced urinary MtDNA excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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26
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Wang X, Fan D, Cao X, Ye Q, Wang Q, Zhang M, Xiao C. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Synovial Microenvironment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061153. [PMID: 35740050 PMCID: PMC9220354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that begins with a loss of tolerance to modified self-antigens and immune system abnormalities, eventually leading to synovitis and bone and cartilage degradation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly used as destructive or modifying agents of cellular components or they act as signaling molecules in the immune system. During the development of RA, a hypoxic and inflammatory situation in the synovium maintains ROS generation, which can be sustained by increased DNA damage and malfunctioning mitochondria in a feedback loop. Oxidative stress caused by abundant ROS production has also been shown to be associated with synovitis in RA. The goal of this review is to examine the functions of ROS and related molecular mechanisms in diverse cells in the synovial microenvironment of RA. The strategies relying on regulating ROS to treat RA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinbin Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; (X.W.); (Q.Y.); (Q.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (D.F.); (X.C.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: or
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27
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Fan Z, Yang JY, Guo Y, Liu YX, Zhong XY. Altered levels of circulating mitochondrial DNA in elderly people with sarcopenia: Association with mitochondrial impairment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Westhaver LP, Nersesian S, Nelson A, MacLean LK, Carter EB, Rowter D, Wang J, Gala-Lopez BL, Stadnyk AW, Johnston B, Boudreau JE. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns trigger arginase-dependent lymphocyte immunoregulation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110847. [PMID: 35613582 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage leads to loss of cellular and mitochondrial membrane integrity and release of damage-associated molecular patterns, including those of mitochondrial origin (mitoDAMPs). Here, we describe the lymphocyte response to mitoDAMPs. Using primary cells from mice and human donors, we demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and T cells adopt regulatory phenotypes and functions in response to mitoDAMPs. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production, T cell proliferation, and in vivo anti-viral T cell activation are all interrupted in the presence of mitoDAMPs or mitoDAMP-rich irradiated cells in in vitro and in vivo assays. Mass spectrometry analysis of mitoDAMPs demonstrates that arginase and products of its enzymatic activity are prevalent in mitoDAMP preparations. Functional validation by arginase inhibition and/or arginine add-back shows that arginine depletion is responsible for the alteration in immunologic polarity. We conclude that lymphocyte responses to mitoDAMPs reflect a highly conserved mechanism that regulates inflammation in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Leah K MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily B Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Derek Rowter
- CORES Facility, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Boris L Gala-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Jiang N, Zhang X, Chen Q, Kantawong F, Wan S, Liu J, Li H, Zhou J, Lu B, Wu J. Identification of a Mitochondria-Related Gene Signature to Predict the Prognosis in AML. Front Oncol 2022; 12:823831. [PMID: 35359394 PMCID: PMC8960857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.823831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-related metabolic reprogramming plays a major role in the occurrence, development, drug resistance, and recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the roles of mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) in the prognosis and immune microenvironment for AML patients remain largely unknown. In this study, by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, 4 MRGs’ (HPDL, CPT1A, IDH3A, and ETFB) signature was established that demonstrated good robustness in TARGET AML datasets. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses both demonstrated that the MRG signature was a robust independent prognostic factor in overall survival prediction with high accuracy for AML patients. Based on the risk score calculated by the signature, samples were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that the MRG signature is involved in the immune-related pathways. Via immune infiltration analysis and immunosuppressive genes analysis, we found that MRG risk of AML patients was strikingly positively correlated with an immune cell infiltration and expression of critical immune checkpoints, indicating that the poor prognosis might be caused by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In summary, the signature based on MRGs could act as an independent risk factor for predicting the clinical prognosis of AML and could also reflect an association with the immunosuppressive microenvironment, providing a novel method for AML metabolic and immune therapy based on the regulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Foreign Language School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Xinzhuo Zhang
- Foreign Language School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shengli Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Bin Lu,
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Bin Lu,
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30
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Jiang Q, Wang X, Huang E, Wang Q, Wen C, Yang G, Lu L, Cui D. Inflammasome and Its Therapeutic Targeting in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816839. [PMID: 35095918 PMCID: PMC8794704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex that facilitates the clearance of exogenous microorganisms or the recognition of endogenous danger signals, which is critically involved in innate inflammatory response. Excessive or abnormal activation of inflammasomes has been shown to contribute to the development of various diseases including autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative changes, and cancers. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease, in which inflammasome activation plays a pivotal role in immune dysregulation and joint inflammation. This review summarizes recent findings on inflammasome activation and its effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis of RA and potential development of therapeutic targeting of inflammasome for the immunotherapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guocan Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Robinson GA, Wilkinson MGL, Wincup C. The Role of Immunometabolism in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:806560. [PMID: 35154082 PMCID: PMC8826250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which pathogenic abnormalities within both the innate and adaptive immune response have been described. In order to activated, proliferate and maintain this immunological response a drastic upregulation in energy metabolism is required. Recently, a greater understanding of these changes in cellular bioenergetics have provided new insight into the links between immune response and the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, ranging from cancer to diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In this review, we highlight the latest understanding of the role of immunometabolism in SLE with particular focus on the role of abnormal mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism, and mTOR signaling in the immunological phenomenon observed in the SLE. We also consider what implications this has for future therapeutic options in the management of the disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anthony Robinson
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meredyth G Ll Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Rheumatology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Wincup
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospital (UCLH) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), University College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Chowdhury A, Witte S, Aich A. Role of Mitochondrial Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in Health and Patho-Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:796066. [PMID: 35223833 PMCID: PMC8873532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.796066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, in symbiosis with the host cell, carry out a wide variety of functions from generating energy, regulating the metabolic processes, cell death to inflammation. The most prominent function of mitochondria relies on the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. OXPHOS heavily influences the mitochondrial-nuclear communication through a plethora of interconnected signaling pathways. Additionally, owing to the bacterial ancestry, mitochondria also harbor a large number of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). These molecules relay the information about the state of the mitochondrial health and dysfunction to the innate immune system. Consequently, depending on the intracellular or extracellular nature of detection, different inflammatory pathways are elicited. One group of DAMPs, the mitochondrial nucleic acids, hijack the antiviral DNA or RNA sensing mechanisms such as the cGAS/STING and RIG-1/MAVS pathways. A pro-inflammatory response is invoked by these signals predominantly through type I interferon (T1-IFN) cytokines. This affects a wide range of organ systems which exhibit clinical presentations of auto-immune disorders. Interestingly, tumor cells too, have devised ingenious ways to use the mitochondrial DNA mediated cGAS-STING-IRF3 response to promote neoplastic transformations and develop tumor micro-environments. Thus, mitochondrial nucleic acid-sensing pathways are fundamental in understanding the source and nature of disease initiation and development. Apart from the pathological interest, recent studies also attempt to delineate the structural considerations for the release of nucleic acids across the mitochondrial membranes. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of mitochondrial nucleic acid-sensing. It attempts to summarize the nature of the molecular patterns involved, their release and recognition in the cytoplasm and signaling. Finally, a major emphasis is given to elaborate the resulting patho-physiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chowdhury
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Witte
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging, from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Cushen SC, Ricci CA, Bradshaw JL, Silzer T, Blessing A, Sun J, Zhou Z, Scroggins SM, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Phillips NR, Goulopoulou S. Reduced Maternal Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated With the Development of Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021726. [PMID: 35014857 PMCID: PMC9238514 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that reflects cell stress responses and tissue damage, but little is known about ccf-mtDNA in preeclampsia. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA in plasma and mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (2) forms of ccf-mtDNA transport in blood from women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. In addition, we sought to establish the association between aberrance in circulating DNA-related metrics, including ccf-mtDNA and DNA clearance mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia using bootstrapped penalized logistic regression. Methods and Results Absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA were reduced in plasma from women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls (P≤0.02), while mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between groups (P>0.05). While the pattern of reduced ccf-mtDNA in patients with preeclampsia remained, DNA isolation from plasma using membrane lysis buffer resulted in 1000-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the preeclampsia group (P=0.0014) and 430-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the control group (P<0.0001). Plasma from women with preeclampsia did not induce greater Toll-like receptor-9-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells-dependent responses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the human TLR-9 gene (P>0.05). Penalized regression analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were more likely to have lower concentrations of ccf-mtDNA as well as higher concentrations of nuclear DNA and DNase I compared with their matched controls. Conclusions Women with preeclampsia have aberrant circulating DNA dynamics, including reduced ccf-mtDNA concentrations and DNA clearance mechanisms, compared with gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Contessa A Ricci
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Talisa Silzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Alexandra Blessing
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Sabrina M Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
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34
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Metabolomics of Synovial Fluid and Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Patients with Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1101-1117. [PMID: 35041143 PMCID: PMC9095531 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and autoimmune-driven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory joint diseases with complex and insufficiently understood pathogeneses. Our objective was to characterize the metabolic fingerprints of synovial fluid (SF) and its adjacent infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) obtained during the same surgical operation from OA and RA knees. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed for 5 non-inflammatory trauma controls, 10 primary OA (pOA) patients, and 10 seropositive RA patients with high-resolution mass spectrometry-based techniques, and metabolites were matched with known metabolite identities. Groupwise differences in metabolic features were analyzed with the univariate Welch’s t-test and the multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Significant discrimination of metabolite profiles was discovered by LDA for both SF and IFP and by PCA for SF based on diagnosis. In addition to a few drug-derived substances, there were 16 and 13 identified metabolites with significant differences between the diagnoses in SF and IFP, respectively. The pathways downregulated in RA included androgen, bile acid, amino acid, and histamine metabolism, and those upregulated included biotin metabolism in pOA and purine metabolism in RA and pOA. The RA-induced downregulation of androgen and bile acid metabolism was observed for both SF and IFP. The levels of 11 lipid metabolites, mostly glycerophospholipids and fatty acid amides, were also altered by these inflammatory conditions. The identified metabolic pathways could be utilized in the future to deepen our understanding of the pathogeneses of OA and RA and to develop not only biomarkers for their early diagnosis but also therapeutic targets.
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Ding L, Zhou C, Zheng H, Wang Q, Song H, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Migrating Progenitor Cells Derived From Injured Cartilage Surface Respond to Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns. Cartilage 2021; 13:755S-765S. [PMID: 34636628 PMCID: PMC8804768 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211049559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the response of migrating chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that arose from the surface of mechanically injured articular cartilage to proinflammatory damage-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). DESIGN Bovine CPCs and non-CPC chondrocytes isolated from either impacted or scratched articular cartilage were studied. Those 2 types of cells were treated with mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs; 10 nM fMLF and 10 µg/mL CpG DNA), or 10 nM HMGB1, or 10 ng/mL IL-1b for 24 hours. At the end of experiments, conditioned media and cell lysates were collected for analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chemokines, and cytokines that are associated with cartilage degeneration with Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of expression levels was compared by Welch's t-test. RESULTS Our data indicated that HMGB1 and MTDs remarkably upregulated pro-MMP-13 expression in CPCs. Compared with non-CPCs, CPCs expressed significantly more baseline mRNAs of MMP-13, CXCL12, and IL-6. MTDs greatly increased the expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in CPCs by over 100-fold (P < 0.001). MTDs also significantly increased IL-8 expression in CPCs to a similar extent (P < 0.001). However, when IL-1b was present, CPCs expressed less MMP-3 and active MMP-13 proteins as well as less CCL2 and IL-6 than did non-CPCs. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that CPCs were more sensitive than non-CPCs in response to DAMPs, especially MTDs. The proinflammatory nature of CPCs implied their critical role in the early phase of posttraumatic osteoarthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences,
Wuxi College of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Quanming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Department of Endocrinology and
Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin,
China
| | - Joseph A. Buckwalter
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa
City, IA, USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Hamed MA, Aboul Naser AF, Aboutabl ME, Osman AF, Hassan EES, Aziz WM, Khalil WKB, Farghaly AA, El-Hagrassi AM. Bioactive compounds and therapeutic role of Brassica oleracea L. seeds in rheumatoid arthritis rats via regulating inflammatory signalling pathways and antagonizing interleukin-1 receptor action. Biomarkers 2021; 26:788-807. [PMID: 34704882 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1999504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by aggressive and systematic polyarthritis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to isolate and identify the phenolic constituents in Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicaceae) seeds methanolic extract and evaluates its effect against rheumatoid arthritis in rats referring to the new therapy; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The GC/MS profiling of the plant was determined. Arthritis induction was done using complete Freund's adjuvant. Arthritis severity was assessed by percentage of edema and arthritis index. IL-1 receptor type I gene expression, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), oxidative stress markers, protein content, inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), genetic abnormalities and the histopathological features of ankle joint were evaluated. RESULTS For the first time twelve phenolic compounds had been isolated from the seeds extract. Treatment with extract and IL-1RA improved the tested parameters by variable degrees. CONCLUSIONS RA is an irreversible disease, where its severity increases with the time of induction. Brassica oleracea L. seeds extract is considered as a promising anti-arthritis agent. IL-1 RA may be considered as an unusual therapeutic agent for RA disease. More studies are needed to consider the seeds extract as a nutraceutical agent and to recommend IL-1RA as a new RA drug.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Brassica/chemistry
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Male
- Molecular Structure
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phytochemicals/chemistry
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytotherapy/methods
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I/metabolism
- Seeds/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer F Osman
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Entesar E S Hassan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Farghaly
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali M El-Hagrassi
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Scott KF, Mann TJ, Fatima S, Sajinovic M, Razdan A, Kim RR, Cooper A, Roohullah A, Bryant KJ, Gamage KK, Harman DG, Vafaee F, Graham GG, Church WB, Russell PJ, Dong Q, de Souza P. Human Group IIA Phospholipase A 2-Three Decades on from Its Discovery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237267. [PMID: 34885848 PMCID: PMC8658914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes were first recognized as an enzyme activity class in 1961. The secreted (sPLA2) enzymes were the first of the five major classes of human PLA2s to be identified and now number nine catalytically-active structurally homologous proteins. The best-studied of these, group IIA sPLA2, has a clear role in the physiological response to infection and minor injury and acts as an amplifier of pathological inflammation. The enzyme has been a target for anti-inflammatory drug development in multiple disorders where chronic inflammation is a driver of pathology since its cloning in 1989. Despite intensive effort, no clinically approved medicines targeting the enzyme activity have yet been developed. This review catalogues the major discoveries in the human group IIA sPLA2 field, focusing on features of enzyme function that may explain this lack of success and discusses future research that may assist in realizing the potential benefit of targeting this enzyme. Functionally-selective inhibitors together with isoform-selective inhibitors are necessary to limit the apparent toxicity of previous drugs. There is also a need to define the relevance of the catalytic function of hGIIA to human inflammatory pathology relative to its recently-discovered catalysis-independent function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran F. Scott
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8738-9026
| | - Timothy J. Mann
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Shadma Fatima
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Mila Sajinovic
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Anshuli Razdan
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Ryung Rae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (R.R.K.); (W.B.C.)
| | - Adam Cooper
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Aflah Roohullah
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Katherine J. Bryant
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Kasuni K. Gamage
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (K.K.G.); (D.G.H.)
| | - David G. Harman
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (K.K.G.); (D.G.H.)
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- UNSW Data Science Hub, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Garry G. Graham
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - W. Bret Church
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (R.R.K.); (W.B.C.)
| | - Pamela J. Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre—QUT, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Qihan Dong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Paul de Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (T.J.M.); (S.F.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (P.d.S.)
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Wu MY, Wang EJ, Feng D, Li M, Ye RD, Lu JH. Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3364-3378. [PMID: 34900523 PMCID: PMC8642426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism, autophagy is implicated in diverse biological processes. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that autophagy dysregulation may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. A series of autophagy modulators have displayed protective effects on autoimmune disease models, highlighting the emerging role of autophagy modulators in treating autoimmune diseases. This review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases [SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IBD, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. More importantly, the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators (including autophagy inducers and inhibitors) on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
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Miller KN, Victorelli SG, Salmonowicz H, Dasgupta N, Liu T, Passos JF, Adams PD. Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease. Cell 2021; 184:5506-5526. [PMID: 34715021 PMCID: PMC8627867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established, the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish, and their mechanisms of formation, scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge in this rapidly progressing field with emphases on similarities and differences between distinct cytoDNAs, their underlying molecular mechanisms of formation and function, interactions between cytoDNA pathways, and therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Miller
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stella G Victorelli
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hanna Salmonowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences & Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nirmalya Dasgupta
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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40
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De Gaetano A, Solodka K, Zanini G, Selleri V, Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Pinti M. Molecular Mechanisms of mtDNA-Mediated Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:2898. [PMID: 34831121 PMCID: PMC8616383 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their role in cell metabolism, mitochondria display many other functions. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the own genome of the organelle, plays an important role in modulating the inflammatory immune response. When released from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, mtDNA is recognized by cGAS, a cGAMP which activates a pathway leading to enhanced expression of type I interferons, and by NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18. Furthermore, mtDNA can be bound by Toll-like receptor 9 in the endosome and activate a pathway that ultimately leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. mtDNA is released in the extracellular space in different forms (free DNA, protein-bound DNA fragments) either as free circulating molecules or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discussed the latest findings concerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate the release of mtDNA from mitochondria, and the mechanisms that connect mtDNA misplacement to the activation of inflammation in different pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Gaetano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Kateryna Solodka
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.D.G.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (V.S.)
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Grochowska J, Czerwinska J, Borowski LS, Szczesny RJ. Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1690. [PMID: 34498404 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes. One of them is regulation of the innate immune pathway. In this instance, mitochondria function in two different aspects of regulatory mechanisms. First, mitochondria are part of the antiviral signaling cascade that is triggered in the cytoplasm and transmitted to effector proteins through mitochondria-localized proteins. Second, mitochondria can become an endogenous source of innate immune stimuli. Under some pathophysiological conditions, mitochondria release to the cytoplasm immunogenic factors, such as mitochondrial nucleic acids. Here, we focus on immunogenic mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (mt-dsRNA) and its origin and metabolism. We discuss factors that are responsible for regulating mt-dsRNA and its escape from mitochondria, emphasizing the contribution of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, PNPT1). Finally, we review current knowledge of the role of PNPase in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grochowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Czerwinska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz S Borowski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman J Szczesny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Hao C, Zhang J, Zhang F, Wu J, Cao H, Wang W. Mitochondrial DNA may act as a biomarker to predict donor-kidney quality. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14469. [PMID: 34448256 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best therapy for end-stage renal disease. Demand for kidney transplantation rises year-on-year, and the gap between kidney supply and demand remains large. To meet this clinical need, a gradual expansion in the supply of donors is required. However, clinics lack appropriate tools capable of quickly and accurately predicting post-transplant renal allograft function, and thus assess donor-kidney quality before transplantation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a key component of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and plays an important part in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), accelerating the progression of IRI by inducing inflammation and type I interferon responses. mtDNA is known to be closely involved in delayed graft function (DGF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) after transplantation. Thus, mtDNA is a potential biomarker able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. This review summarizes mtDNA biology, the role mtDNA plays in renal transplantation, outlines advances in detecting mtDNA, and details mtDNA's able to predict post-transplant renal allograft function. We aim to elucidate the potential value of mtDNA as a biomarker in the prediction of IRI, and eventually provide help for predicting donor-kidney quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Hao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hashimoto T, Yoshida K, Hashiramoto A, Matsui K. Cell-Free DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8941. [PMID: 34445645 PMCID: PMC8396202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous DNA derived from the nuclei or mitochondria is released into the bloodstream following cell damage or death. Extracellular DNA, called cell-free DNA (cfDNA), is associated with various pathological conditions. Recently, multiple aspects of cfDNA have been assessed, including cfDNA levels, integrity, methylation, and mutations. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, and treatment of RA has highly varied outcomes. cfDNA in patients with RA is elevated in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and is associated with disease activity. Profiling of cfDNA in patients with RA may then be utilized in various aspects of clinical practice, such as the prediction of prognosis and treatment responses; monitoring disease state; and as a diagnostic marker. In this review, we discuss cfDNA in patients with RA, particularly the sources of cfDNA and the correlation of cfDNA with RA pathogenesis. We also highlight the potential of analyzing cfDNA profiles to guide individualized treatment approaches for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
| | - Kohsuke Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Akira Hashiramoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 6540142, Japan; (K.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Kiyoshi Matsui
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638501, Japan;
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de Torre-Minguela C, Gómez AI, Couillin I, Pelegrín P. Gasdermins mediate cellular release of mitochondrial DNA during pyroptosis and apoptosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21757. [PMID: 34233045 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis and intrinsic apoptosis are two forms of regulated cell death driven by active caspases where plasma membrane permeabilization is induced by gasdermin pores. Caspase-1 induces gasdermin D pore formation during pyroptosis, whereas caspase-3 promotes gasdermin E pore formation during apoptosis. These two types of cell death are accompanied by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization due to BAK/BAX pore formation in the external membrane of mitochondria, and to some extent, this complex also affects the inner mitochondrial membrane facilitating mitochondrial DNA relocalization from the matrix to the cytosol. However, the detailed mechanism responsible for this process has not been investigated. Herein, we reported that gasdermin processing is required to induce mitochondrial DNA release from cells during pyroptosis and apoptosis. Gasdermin targeted at the plasma membrane promotes a fast mitochondrial collapse along with the initial accumulation of mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and then facilitates the DNA's release from the cell when the plasma membrane ruptures. These findings demonstrate that gasdermin action has a critical effect on the plasma membrane and facilitates the release of mitochondrial DNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I Gómez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, CNRS, UMR7355, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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45
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Trumpff C, Michelson J, Lagranha CJ, Taleon V, Karan KR, Sturm G, Lindqvist D, Fernström J, Moser D, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: A systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:225-245. [PMID: 33839318 PMCID: PMC8418815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is a marker of inflammatory disease and a predictor of mortality, but little is known about cf-mtDNA in relation to psychobiology. A systematic review of the literature reveals that blood cf-mtDNA varies in response to common real-world stressors including psychopathology, acute psychological stress, and exercise. Moreover, cf-mtDNA is inducible within minutes and exhibits high intra-individual day-to-day variation, highlighting the dynamic regulation of cf-mtDNA levels. We discuss current knowledge on the mechanisms of cf-mtDNA release, its forms of transport ("cell-free" does not mean "membrane-free"), potential physiological functions, putative cellular and neuroendocrine triggers, and factors that may contribute to cf-mtDNA removal from the circulation. A review of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies shows conflicting results around the dogma that physiological forms of cf-mtDNA are pro-inflammatory, opening the possibility of other physiological functions, including the cell-to-cell transfer of whole mitochondria. Finally, to enhance the reproducibility and biological interpretation of human cf-mtDNA research, we propose guidelines for blood collection, cf-mtDNA isolation, quantification, and reporting standards, which can promote concerted advances by the community. Defining the mechanistic basis for cf-mtDNA signaling is an opportunity to elucidate the role of mitochondria in brain-body interactions and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Veronica Taleon
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kalpita R Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Office of Psychiatry and Habilitation, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Johan Fernström
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dirk Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA.
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46
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, Carvajal P, Jara D, Molina C, González S, González MJ. Dysfunctional mitochondria as critical players in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases: Potential role in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102867. [PMID: 34118452 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Relevant reviews highlight the association between dysfunctional mitochondria and inflammation, but few studies address the contribution of mitochondria and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) to cellular homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. The present review outlines the important role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis and how dysfunctional mitochondrion can release and misplace mitochondrial components (cardiolipin, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and mitochondrial formylated peptides) through multiple mechanisms. These components can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and induce an inflammatory response via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Accumulation of damaged ROS-generating mitochondria, accompanied by the release of mitochondrial DAMPs, can activate PRRs such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR9, cGAS/STING, and ZBP1. This process would explain the chronic inflammation that is observed in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type I diabetes (T1D), and Sjögren's syndrome. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of MERCs to mitochondrial function and morphology, cellular homeostasis, and the inflammatory response. MERCs play an important role in calcium homeostasis by mediating the transfer of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria and thereby facilitating the production of ATP. They also contribute to the synthesis and transfer of phospholipids, protein folding in the ER, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, initiation of autophagosome formation, regulation of cell death/survival signaling, and regulation of immune responses. Therefore, alterations within MERCs could increase inflammatory signaling, modulate ER stress responses, cell homeostasis, and ultimately, the cell fate. This study shows severe ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria in salivary gland cells from Sjögren's syndrome patients for the first time, which could trigger alterations in cellular bioenergetics. This finding could explain symptoms such as fatigue and malfunction of the salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome patients, which would contribute to the chronic inflammatory pathology of the disease. However, this is only a first step in solving this complex puzzle, and several other important factors such as changes in mitochondrial morphology, functionality, and their important contacts with other organelles require further in-depth study. Future work should focus on detecting the key milestones that are related to inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren´s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
| | | | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jara
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Oxidized mitochondrial DNA released after inflammasome activation is a disease biomarker for myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2216-2228. [PMID: 33890980 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic stem cell malignancies that can phenotypically resemble other hematologic disorders. Thus, tools that may add to current diagnostic practices could aid in disease discrimination. Constitutive innate immune activation is a pathogenetic driver of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS through Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome-induced pyroptotic cell death. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) is released upon cytolysis, acts as a danger signal, and triggers inflammasome oligomerization via DNA sensors. By using immortalized bone marrow cells from murine models of common MDS somatic gene mutations and MDS primary samples, we demonstrate that ox-mtDNA is released upon pyroptosis. ox-mtDNA was significantly increased in MDS peripheral blood (PB) plasma compared with the plasma of healthy donors, and it was significantly higher in lower-risk MDS vs higher-risk MDS, consistent with the greater pyroptotic cell fraction in lower-risk patients. Furthermore, ox-mtDNA was significantly higher in MDS PB plasma compared with all other hematologic malignancies studied, with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Receiver operating characteristic/area under the curve (ROC/AUC) analysis demonstrated that ox-mtDNA is a sensitive and specific biomarker for patients with MDS compared with healthy donors (AUC, 0.964), other hematologic malignancies excluding CLL (AUC, 0.893), and reactive conditions (AUC, 0.940). ox-mtDNA positively and significantly correlated with levels of known alarmins S100A9, S100A8, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (CARD) specks, which provide an index of medullary pyroptosis. Collectively, these data indicate that quantifiable ox-mtDNA released into the extracellular space upon inflammasome activation serves as a biomarker for MDS and the magnitude of pyroptotic cell death.
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Clayton SA, MacDonald L, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Clark AR. Mitochondria as Key Players in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673916. [PMID: 33995417 PMCID: PMC8118696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major energy-producing organelles that have central roles in cellular metabolism. They also act as important signalling hubs, and their dynamic regulation in response to stress signals helps to dictate the stress response of the cell. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease with high prevalence and complex aetiology. Mitochondrial activity affects differentiation, activation and survival of immune and non-immune cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. This review outlines what is known about the role of mitochondria in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, and how current and future therapeutic strategies can function through modulation of mitochondrial activity. We also highlight areas of this topic that warrant further study. As producers of energy and of metabolites such as succinate and citrate, mitochondria help to shape the inflammatory phenotype of leukocytes during disease. Mitochondrial components can directly stimulate immune receptors by acting as damage-associated molecular patterns, which could represent an initiating factor for the development of sterile inflammation. Mitochondria are also an important source of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and facilitate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces cytokines linked to disease symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. The fact that mitochondria contain their own genetic material renders them susceptible to mutation, which can propagate their dysfunction and immunostimulatory potential. Several drugs currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis regulate mitochondrial function either directly or indirectly. These actions contribute to their immunomodulatory functions, but can also lead to adverse effects. Metabolic and mitochondrial pathways are attractive targets for future anti-rheumatic drugs, however many questions still remain about the precise role of mitochondrial activity in different cell types in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Clayton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy MacDonald
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Duvvuri B, Baddour AA, Deane KD, Feser ML, Nelson JL, Demoruelle MK, Lood C. Mitochondrial N-formyl methionine peptides associate with disease activity as well as contribute to neutrophil activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102630. [PMID: 33713887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Literature suggests that neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are primed to respond to N-formyl methionine group (formylated peptides). Animal models indicate that formylated peptides contribute to joint damage via neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in joints. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also known to inhibit formyl peptide-induced neutrophil activation. The predominant source of formylated peptides in sterile inflammatory conditions like RA is mitochondria, organelles with prokaryotic molecular signatures. However, there is no direct evidence of mitochondrial formyl peptides (mtNFPs) in the circulation of patients with RA and their potential role in neutrophil-mediated inflammation in RA, including their clinical significance. METHODS Levels of mtNFPs (total fMet, MT-ND6) were analyzed using ELISA in plasma and serum obtained from patients in 3 cross-sectional RA cohorts (n = 275), a longitudinal inception cohort (n = 192) followed for a median of 8 years, and age/gender-matched healthy controls (total n = 134). Neutrophil activation assays were done in the absence or presence of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) inhibitor cyclosporine H. RESULTS Elevated levels of total fMet were observed in the circulation of patients with RA as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) associating with disease activity and could distinguish patients with the active disease from patients with inactive disease or patients in remission. Baseline levels of total fMet correlated with current and future joint involvement, respectively and predicted the development of rheumatoid nodules (OR = 1.2, p = 0.04). Further, total fMet levels improved the prognostic ability of ACPA in predicting erosive disease (OR of 7.9, p = 0.001). Total fMet levels correlated with markers of inflammation and neutrophil activation. Circulating mtNFPs induced neutrophil activation in vitro through FPR1-dependent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Circulating mtNFPs could be novel biomarkers of disease monitoring and prognosis for RA and in investigating neutrophil-mediated inflammation in RA. We propose, FPR1 as a novel therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Al Anoud Baddour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie L Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Lee Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christian Lood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Circulating Free DNA and Its Emerging Role in Autoimmune Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020151. [PMID: 33672659 PMCID: PMC7924199 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies can be used to analyse tissue-derived information, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating rare cells, and circulating extracellular vesicles in the blood or other bodily fluids, representing a new way to guide therapeutic decisions in cancer. Among the new challenges of liquid biopsy, we found clinical application in nontumour pathologies, including autoimmune diseases. Since the discovery of the presence of high levels of cfDNA in patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) in the 1960s, cfDNA research in autoimmune diseases has mainly focused on the overall quantification of cfDNA and its association with disease activity. However, with technological advancements and the increasing understanding of the role of DNA sensing receptors in inflammation and autoimmunity, interest in cfDNA and autoimmune diseases has not expanded until recently. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic biology of cfDNA in the context of autoimmune diseases as a biomarker of disease activity, progression, and prediction of the treatment response. We discuss and integrate available information about these important aspects.
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