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Leya M, Jeong H, Yang D, Bao THTN, Raj Pandeya P, Oh SI, Roh YS, Kim JW, Kim B. Hepatocyte-specific casein kinase 1 epsilon ablation ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by upregulating TRAF3 in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00299-2. [PMID: 39179201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, is known to phosphorylate a broad range of substrates. However, its role in the development of chronic liver diseases remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of CK1ε in the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Hepatocyte-specific CK1ε knockout (CK1εΔHEP) mice were generated by crossbreeding mice with floxed CK1ε alleles (CK1εfl/fl) and Cre expressing Albumin mice. Mice were fed either a Western diet (WD) or a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) to induce MASH. CK1εΔHEP was associated with a decreased severity of WD- or MCD-induced MASH, as confirmed by reduced incidence of hepatic lesions and significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. CK1εΔHEP WD-fed mice exhibited significant amelioration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and de novo lipogenic genes, indicating that CK1ε could influence lipid metabolism. CK1εΔHEP WD-fed mice showed significantly downregulated TRAF3, phosphorylated (p) TAK1, pTBK1, and pAKT levels, thereby affecting downstream MAPK signaling, indicating a potential mechanism for the observed rescue. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of CK1ε with PF670462 improved PA-induced steatohepatitis in vitro and attenuated WD-induced metabolic profile in vivo. In conclusion, CK1ε upregulates TRAF3, which in turn causes TAK1-dependent signaling, amplifies downstream MAPK signaling, modifies p-c-Jun levels, and exacerbates inflammation, all of which are factors in WD-induced MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwense Leya
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea
| | - Tien Huyen Ton Nu Bao
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea
| | - Prakash Raj Pandeya
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Korea.
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Yu Z, Jiang X, Yin J, Han L, Xiong C, Huo Z, Xu J, Shang J, Xi K, Nong L, Huang Y, Zhou X. CK1ε drives osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10193-10212. [PMID: 37787983 PMCID: PMC10599756 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is a difficult problem in orthopedics. At present, the treatment mainly relies on autologous or allogeneic bone transplantation, which may lead to some complications such as foreign body rejection, local infection, pain, or numbness at the bone donor site. Local injection of conservative therapy to treat bone defects is one of the research hotspots at present. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can self-renew, significantly proliferate, and differentiate into various types of cells. Although it has been reported that CK1ε could mediate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, leading to the development of the diseases, whether CK1ε plays a role in bone regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CK1ε was involved in the osteogenic differentiation (OD) of BMSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and explore the mechanism. We used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-qPCR), Western blots, immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red staining to detect the effect of CK1ε on the OD of BMSCs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CK1ε was highly expressed in BMSCs with OD, and our study further demonstrated that CK1ε might promote the OD of BMSCs by activating DLV2 phosphorylation, initiating Wnt signaling downstream, and activating β-catenin nuclear transfer. In addition, by locally injecting a CK1ε-carrying adeno-associated virus (AAV5- CK1ε) into a femoral condyle defect rat model, the overexpression of CK1ε significantly promoted bone repair. Our data show that CK1ε was involved in the regulation of OD by mediating Wnt/β-catenin. This may provide a new strategy for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yibin Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Yibin 644104, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xijia Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jianjian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chengwei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Zhennan Huo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Luming Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xindie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Gonghe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai 811800, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
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Lin Y, Song Y, Zhang Y, Shi M, Hou A, Han S. NFAT signaling dysregulation in cancer: Emerging roles in cancer stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115167. [PMID: 37454598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcriptional regulator of activated T cells. The NFAT family is involved in the development of tumors. Furthermore, recent evidence reveals that NFAT proteins regulate the development of inflammatory and immune responses. New discoveries have also been made about the mechanisms by which NFAT regulates cancer progression through cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we discuss the role of the NFAT family in the immune system and various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yifu Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yaochuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mengwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Trebucq LL, Cardama GA, Lorenzano Menna P, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ, Marpegan L. Timing of Novel Drug 1A-116 to Circadian Rhythms Improves Therapeutic Effects against Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1091. [PMID: 34371781 PMCID: PMC8309043 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras homologous family of small guanosine triphosphate-binding enzymes (GTPases) is critical for cell migration and proliferation. The novel drug 1A-116 blocks the interaction site of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) GTPase with some of its guanine exchange factors (GEFs), such as T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), inhibiting cell motility and proliferation. Knowledge of circadian regulation of targets can improve chemotherapy in glioblastoma. Thus, circadian regulation in the efficacy of 1A-116 was studied in LN229 human glioblastoma cells and tumor-bearing nude mice. METHODS Wild-type LN229 and BMAL1-deficient (i.e., lacking a functional circadian clock) LN229E1 cells were assessed for rhythms in TIAM1, BMAL1, and period circadian protein homolog 1 (PER1), as well as Tiam1, Bmal1, and Rac1 mRNA levels. The effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were then assessed upon applying the drug at different circadian times. Finally, 1A-116 was administered to tumor-bearing mice at two different circadian times. RESULTS In LN229 cells, circadian oscillations were found for BMAL1, PER1, and TIAM1 (mRNA and protein), and for the effects of 1A-116 on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, which were abolished in LN229E1 cells. Increased survival time was observed in tumor-bearing mice when treated with 1A-116 at the end of the light period (zeitgeber time 12, ZT12) compared either to animals treated at the beginning (ZT3) or with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS These results unveil the circadian modulation in the efficacy of 1A-116, likely through RAC1 pathway rhythmicity, suggesting that a chronopharmacological approach is a feasible strategy to improve glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucía Trebucq
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Georgina Alexandra Cardama
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Pablo Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (G.A.C.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Juan José Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-CONICET, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (L.L.T.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Luciano Marpegan
- Departamento de Física Médica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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Lu JW, Lin SH, Yeh CM, Yeh KT, Huang LR, Chen CY, Lin YM. Cytoplasmic CK1ε Protein Expression Is Correlated With Distant Metastasis and Survival in Patients With Melanoma. In Vivo 2021; 34:2905-2911. [PMID: 32871831 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a member of the casein kinase 1 family, which includes highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinases. Recent research has revealed that CK1ε plays an important role in a variety of human cancer types; however, its role in human melanoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical role of CK1ε in patients with melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples from 34 patients with melanoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays were also examined by two histopathologists to assess CK1ε protein expression in humans. RESULTS Cytoplasmic CK1ε protein expression was significantly lower in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. Lack of cytoplasmic CK1ε protein was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (p=0.022) and poorer survival (p=0.030). However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that elevated expression of cytoplasmic CK1ε protein was not significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with melanoma. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that lack of cytoplasmic CK1ε protein expression was related to distant metastasis (p<0.001 and p=0.004), showing that CK1ε was a prognostic factor. CONCLUSION CK1ε protein expression might serve as a prognostic indicator in the treatment of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lan-Ru Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Fulcher LJ, Sapkota GP. Functions and regulation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CK1 family: moving beyond promiscuity. Biochem J 2020; 477:4603-4621. [PMID: 33306089 PMCID: PMC7733671 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the known CK1-dependent cellular functions and review the emerging roles of CK1-regulating proteins in these processes. We go on to discuss the advances, limitations and pitfalls that CK1 researchers encounter when attempting to define relationships between CK1 isoforms and their substrates, and the challenges associated with ascertaining the correct physiological CK1 isoform for the substrate of interest. With increasing interest in CK1 isoforms as therapeutic targets, methods of selectively inhibiting CK1 isoform-specific processes is warranted, yet challenging to achieve given their participation in such a vast plethora of signalling pathways. Here, we discuss how one might shut down CK1-specific processes, without impacting other aspects of CK1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
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Janovská P, Normant E, Miskin H, Bryja V. Targeting Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) in Hematological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9026. [PMID: 33261128 PMCID: PMC7730698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase 1 enzymes (CK1) form a family of serine/threonine kinases with seven CK1 isoforms identified in humans. The most important substrates of CK1 kinases are proteins that act in the regulatory nodes essential for tumorigenesis of hematological malignancies. Among those, the most important are the functions of CK1s in the regulation of Wnt pathways, cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. In this review we summarize the recent developments in the understanding of biology and therapeutic potential of the inhibition of CK1 isoforms in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM). CK1δ/ε inhibitors block CLL development in preclinical models via inhibition of WNT-5A/ROR1-driven non-canonical Wnt pathway. While no selective CK1 inhibitors have reached clinical stage to date, one dual PI3Kδ and CK1ε inhibitor, umbralisib, is currently in clinical trials for CLL and NHL patients. In MDS, AML and MM, inhibition of CK1α, acting via activation of p53 pathway, showed promising preclinical activities and the first CK1α inhibitor has now entered the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Janovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Hari Miskin
- TG Therapeutics, New York, NY 10014, USA; (E.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chen Y, Huang L, Dong Y, Tao C, Zhang R, Shao H, Shen H. Effect of AKT1 (p. E17K) Hotspot Mutation on Malignant Tumorigenesis and Prognosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573599. [PMID: 33123537 PMCID: PMC7573235 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution of the seventeenth amino acid glutamate by lysine in the homologous structural domain of the Akt1 gene pleckstrin is a somatic cellular mutation found in breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers, named p. Glu17Lys or E17K. In recent years, a growing number of studies have suggested that this mutation may play a unique role in the development of tumors. In this review article, we describe how AKT1(E17K) mutations stimulate downstream signals that cause cells to emerge transformed; we explore the differential regulation and function of E17K in different physiological and pathological settings; and we also describe the phenomenon that E17K impedes tumor growth by interfering with growth-promoting and chemotherapy-resistant AKT1lowQCC generation, an intriguing finding that mutants may prolong tumor patient survival by activating feedback mechanisms and disrupting transcription. This review is intended to provide a better understanding of the role of AKT1(E17K) in cancer and to inform the development of AKT1(E17K)-based antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Dong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changli Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bono B, Franco G, Riva V, Garbelli A, Maga G. Novel Insights into the Biochemical Mechanism of CK1ε and its Functional Interplay with DDX3X. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176449. [PMID: 32899434 PMCID: PMC7503845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein Kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a member of the serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) CK1 family, known to have crucial roles in several biological scenarios and, ever more frequently, in pathological contexts, such as cancer. Recently, the human DEAD-box RNA helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X), involved in cancer proliferation and viral infections, has been identified as one of CK1ε substrates and its positive regulator in the Wnt/β-catenin network. However, the way by which these two proteins influence each other has not been fully clarified. In order to further investigate their interplay, we defined the kinetic parameters of CK1ε towards its substrates: ATP, casein, Dvl2 and DDX3X. CK1ε affinity for ATP depends on the nature of the substrate: increasing of casein concentrations led to an increase of KmATP, while increasing DDX3X reduced it. In literature, DDX3X is described to act as an allosteric activator of CK1ε. However, when we performed kinase reactions combining DDX3X and casein, we did not find a positive effect of DDX3X on casein phosphorylation by CK1ε, while both substrates were phosphorylated in a competitive manner. Moreover, CK1ε positively stimulates DDX3X ATPase activity. Our data provide a more detailed kinetic characterization on the functional interplay of these two proteins.
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11
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Role of regulatory miRNAs of the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway in tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Gene 2020; 754:144892. [PMID: 32534060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Recently, uncontrolled expression of microRNAs was detected in several human disorders like cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal and autoimmunity diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now investigated as novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for several solid tumors like breast, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Current data suggest that miRNAs are implicated in various oncogenic processes implicated in breast cancer carcinogenesis trough modulating canonical Wnt pathway. Aberrant activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling was shown to be significantly associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. This review presents recent findings on the molecular mechanism of microRNAs in regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling involved in tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
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Batty MB, Schittenhelm RB, Dorin-Semblat D, Doerig C, Garcia-Bustos JF. Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 with components of host cell protein trafficking machinery. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1243-1249. [PMID: 32356940 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A pool of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 (PfCK1) has been shown to localize to the host red blood cell (RBC) membrane and be secreted to the extracellular medium during trophozoite stage of development. We attempted to identify mechanisms for secretion of PfCK1 and its appearance on the RBC membrane. We found that two host proteins with established functions in membrane trafficking in higher eukaryotes, GTPase-activating protein and Vps9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1), and Sorting nexin 22, consistently co-purify with PfCK1, suggesting that the parasite utilizes trafficking pathways previously thought to be inactive in RBCs. Furthermore, reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments with GAPVD1 identified parasite proteins suggestive of a protein recycling pathway hitherto only described in higher eukaryotes. Thus, we have identified components of a trafficking pathway involving parasite proteins that act in concert with host proteins, and which we hypothesize mediates trafficking of PfCK1 to the RBC during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Batty
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominique Dorin-Semblat
- Université de Paris, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Christian Doerig
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Chronic, Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose F Garcia-Bustos
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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13
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He T, Wu D, He L, Wang X, Yang B, Li S, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen R, Liu B, Zhang L, Rong L. Casein kinase 1 epsilon facilitates cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis through JNK pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:6466-6478. [PMID: 32175635 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a high-morbidity skeletal disease worldwide and the exact mechanisms underlying OA pathogenesis are not fully understood. Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, but its relationship with OA is still unknown. We demonstrated that CK1ε was upregulated in articular cartilage of human patients with OA and mice with experimentally induced OA. Activity of CK1ε, demonstrated by analysis of phosphorylated substrates, was significantly elevated in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced OA-mimicking chondrocytes. CK1ε inhibitor or CK1ε short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially blocked matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression by primary chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, and also inhibited cartilage destruction in knee joints of experimental OA model mice. Conversely, overexpression of CK1ε promoted chondrocyte catabolism. Previous studies indicated that CK1ε was involved in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and noncanonical Wnt/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Interestingly, the activity of JNK but not β-catenin decreased after CK1ε knockdown in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes in vitro, and JNK inhibition reduced MMP expression in chondrocytes overexpressing CK1ε, which illustrated that CK1ε-mediated OA was based on JNK pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CK1ε promotes OA development, and inhibition of CK1ε could be a potential strategy for OA treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Depeng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuyong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Orthopedic Trauma, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruiqiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, PR China
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14
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Qi H, Yang Z, Dai C, Wang R, Ke X, Zhang S, Xiang X, Chen K, Li C, Luo J, Shao J, Shen J. STAT3 activates MSK1-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation to promote NFAT signaling in gastric carcinogenesis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32041943 PMCID: PMC7010763 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormalities contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer. However, the underlying regulatory networks from oncogenic signaling pathway to epigenetic dysregulation remain largely unclear. Here we showed that STAT3 signaling, one of the critical links between inflammation and cancer, acted as a control pathway in gastric carcinogenesis. STAT3 aberrantly transactivates the epigenetic kinase mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), thereby phosphorylating histone H3 serine10 (H3S10) and STAT3 itself during carcinogen-induced gastric tumorigenesis. We further identified the calcium pathway transcription factor NFATc2 as a novel downstream target of the STAT3-MSK1 positive-regulating loop. STAT3 forms a functional complex with MSK1 at the promoter of NFATc2 to promote its transcription in a H3S10 phosphorylation-dependent way, thus affecting NFATc2-related inflammatory pathways in gastric carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the STAT3/MSK1/NFATc2 signaling axis significantly suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth, which provides a potential novel approach for gastric carcinogenesis intervention by regulating aberrant epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chujun Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Runan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuilian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueping Xiang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kailin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jindan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Yuan F, Li D, Guo M, Fang T, Sun J, Qi F, Rao Q, Zhao Z, Huang P, Yang B, Xia J. IC261 suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma in a casein kinase 1 δ/ε independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:809-815. [PMID: 31954519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide that responds poorly to existing therapies. The Casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms CK1δ and CK1ε are reported to be highly expressed in several tumor types, and both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CK1δ/ε activity has deleterious effects on tumor cell growth. IC261, an CK1δ/ε selectively inhibitor, shows anti-tumor effect against pancreatic tumor and glioblastoma, but its role in HCC remains poorly characterized. In our research, IC261 displayed time- and dose-dependent inhibition of HCC cell proliferation, and induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effects of IC261 was independent of CK1δ/ε. Additionally, IC261 was verified to induce centrosome fragmentation during mitosis independent of CK1δ status, and intraperitoneal injection of IC261 to HCCLM3 xenograft models inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, our data indicated that IC261 has therapeutic potential for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yuan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Donghe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mengzhou Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jialei Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Feng Qi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qianwen Rao
- Minhang Hospital, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peixin Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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16
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Regulation of Multifunctional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases by Molecular Targeting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:649-679. [PMID: 31646529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases control a broad range of cellular functions in a multitude of cell types. This family of kinases contain several structural similarities and all are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates, inhibits or modulates their kinase activity. As these protein kinases are widely or ubiquitously expressed, and yet regulate a broad range of different cellular functions, additional levels of regulation exist that control these cell-specific functions. Of particular importance for this specificity of function for multifunctional kinases is the expression of specific binding proteins that mediate molecular targeting. These molecular targeting mechanisms allow pools of kinase in different cells, or parts of a cell, to respond differently to activation and produce different functional outcomes.
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17
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Hanáková K, Bernatík O, Kravec M, Micka M, Kumar J, Harnoš J, Ovesná P, Paclíková P, Rádsetoulal M, Potěšil D, Tripsianes K, Čajánek L, Zdráhal Z, Bryja V. Comparative phosphorylation map of Dishevelled 3 links phospho-signatures to biological outputs. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:170. [PMID: 31870452 PMCID: PMC6927192 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dishevelled (DVL) is an essential component of the Wnt signaling cascades. Function of DVL is controlled by phosphorylation but the molecular details are missing. DVL3 contains 131 serines and threonines whose phosphorylation generates complex barcodes underlying diverse DVL3 functions. In order to dissect the role of DVL phosphorylation we analyzed the phosphorylation of human DVL3 induced by previously reported (CK1ε, NEK2, PLK1, CK2α, RIPK4, PKCδ) and newly identified (TTBK2, Aurora A) DVL kinases. Methods Shotgun proteomics including TiO2 enrichment of phosphorylated peptides followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on immunoprecipitates from HEK293T cells was used to identify and quantify phosphorylation of DVL3 protein induced by 8 kinases. Functional characterization was performed by in-cell analysis of phospho-mimicking/non-phosphorylatable DVL3 mutants and supported by FRET assays and NMR spectroscopy. Results We used quantitative mass spectrometry and calculated site occupancies and quantified phosphorylation of > 80 residues. Functional validation demonstrated the importance of CK1ε-induced phosphorylation of S268 and S311 for Wnt-3a-induced β-catenin activation. S630–643 cluster phosphorylation by CK1, NEK2 or TTBK2 is essential for even subcellular distribution of DVL3 when induced by CK1 and TTBK2 but not by NEK2. Further investigation showed that NEK2 utilizes a different mechanism to promote even localization of DVL3. NEK2 triggered phosphorylation of PDZ domain at S263 and S280 prevents binding of DVL C-terminus to PDZ and promotes an open conformation of DVL3 that is more prone to even subcellular localization. Conclusions We identify unique phosphorylation barcodes associated with DVL function. Our data provide an example of functional synergy between phosphorylation in structured domains and unstructured IDRs that together dictate the biological outcome. Video Abtract.
Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hanáková
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bernatík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kravec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Micka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitender Kumar
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Paclíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Rádsetoulal
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čajánek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Nagano K. R-spondin signaling as a pivotal regulator of tissue development and homeostasis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2019; 55:80-87. [PMID: 31049116 PMCID: PMC6479641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
R-spondins (Rspos) are cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins which control a variety of cellular functions and are essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. R-spondins (Rspo1 to 4) have high structural similarity and share 60% sequence homology. It has been shown that their cysteine-rich furin-like (FU) domain and the thrombospondin (TSP) type I repeat domain are essential for initiating downstream signaling cascades and therefore for their biological functions. Although numerous studies have unveiled their pivotal role as critical developmental regulators, the most important finding is that Rspos synergize Wnt signaling. Recent studies have identified novel receptors for Rspos, the Lgr receptors, closely related orphans of the leucin-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptors, and proposed that Rspos potentiate canonical Wnt signaling via these receptors. Given that Wnt signaling is one of the most important developmental signaling pathways that controls cell fate decisions and tissue development, growth and homeostasis, Rspos may function as key players for these processes as well as potential therapeutic targets. Here, I recapitulate the Wnt signaling and then outline the biological role of Rspos in tissue development and homeostasis and explore the possibility that Rspos may be used as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagano
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave, REB314, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Harnoš J, Cañizal MCA, Jurásek M, Kumar J, Holler C, Schambony A, Hanáková K, Bernatík O, Zdráhal Z, Gömöryová K, Gybeľ T, Radaszkiewicz TW, Kravec M, Trantírek L, Ryneš J, Dave Z, Fernández-Llamazares AI, Vácha R, Tripsianes K, Hoffmann C, Bryja V. Dishevelled-3 conformation dynamics analyzed by FRET-based biosensors reveals a key role of casein kinase 1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1804. [PMID: 31000703 PMCID: PMC6472409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is the key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Currently, DVL conformational dynamics under native conditions is unknown. To overcome this limitation, we develop the Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin Binder- (FlAsH-) based FRET in vivo approach to study DVL conformation in living cells. Using this single-cell FRET approach, we demonstrate that (i) Wnt ligands induce open DVL conformation, (ii) DVL variants that are predominantly open, show more even subcellular localization and more efficient membrane recruitment by Frizzled (FZD) and (iii) Casein kinase 1 ɛ (CK1ɛ) has a key regulatory function in DVL conformational dynamics. In silico modeling and in vitro biophysical methods explain how CK1ɛ-specific phosphorylation events control DVL conformations via modulation of the PDZ domain and its interaction with DVL C-terminus. In summary, our study describes an experimental tool for DVL conformational sampling in living cells and elucidates the essential regulatory role of CK1ɛ in DVL conformational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Cañizal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Miroslav Jurásek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jitender Kumar
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelia Holler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.,Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.,Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Kateřina Hanáková
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bernatík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marek Kravec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ryneš
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Zankruti Dave
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.
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20
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Tan Z, Zhang X, Kang T, Zhang L, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide amplifies JQ1 toxicity via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3913-3927. [PMID: 30532520 PMCID: PMC6241694 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gastric and colon cancers have been the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world with limited therapy. Small molecules binding to bromodomains of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) exert strong antitumor activities against hematological malignancies, while generally have limited efficacy in advanced solid tumors. Here, we found that the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET)-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, when combined with arsenic sulfide (As4S4, abbreviated as AS), synergistically decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) as well as the downstream oncogene c-Myc and largely induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cell lines. Methods The synergistic cytotoxicity of AS and JQ1 in gastric and colon cancer cells was determined by MTT assay and verified by FACS assay. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay were used to detect the expression of NFATs and downstream apoptotic proteins. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined by FACS assay, and the metastasis of cancer cells was detected by the wound-healing assay. Results AS and JQ1 synergistically induced cell apoptosis in gastric and colon cancer cells by downregulating NFATs and upregulating apoptotic proteins. Combination of AS and JQ1 was associated with the decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the cytochrome c release, and the subsequent caspase-3 activation. Conclusion Thus, our data indicate that AS can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity of BET inhibitors in gastric and colon cancer cells through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
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Ding X, Ding C, Wang F, Deng W, Yu M, Meng Q, Sun P. Effects of NOTCH1 signaling inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor II on growth of cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6095-6099. [PMID: 30405755 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the effect of the Notch1 signaling inhibitor γ-secretase inhibitor II (GSI II) on the growth and differentiation of tumor cells. The tumor cell line U87 was grown in serum-free media, and cell growth was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Single-cell wall-adherent growing conditions were prepared, GSI II was added, and the differentiation and growth of single tumor cells was evaluated. Immunofluorescence demonstrated positive results for the expression of Nestin and cluster of differentiation 133. The cell proliferation rate was reduced following the addition of GSI II (P<0.05). GSI II may significantly inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of U87 tumor stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wenshuai Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Xu S, Shu P, Zou S, Shen X, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Sun K, Zhang J. NFATc1 is a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma and induces tumor cell apoptosis by activating the FasL-mediated extrinsic signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4701-4717. [PMID: 30085405 PMCID: PMC6143940 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors that have important functions in many tumors. However, the expression level and functional role of NFAT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we showed that NFATc1 expression was decreased in both HCC tissues and cell lines. Low expression of NFATc1 was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, high serum AFP level, and liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, patients with low NFATc1 expression exhibited poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of NFATc1 in HCC cells inhibited proliferation and colony formation, leading to G1 arrest and induction of apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that NFATc1 increased Fas ligand (FasL) expression by directly binding to its promoter and activated the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. NFATc1 and FasL expression patterns and their prognostic value for patients with HCC were also evaluated in TCGA Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma database. Knock‐down of FasL expression by siRNA in HCC cell lines abolished NFATc1's antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects. In conclusion, NFATc1 is frequently inactivated in HCC and functions as a tumor suppressor in liver carcinogenesis. Ectopic expression of NFATc1 in HCC cells induces apoptosis by activating the FasL‐mediated extrinsic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Penghao Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang, China
| | - Song Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanqian Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Silencing of casein kinase 1 delta reduces migration and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30821-30836. [PMID: 30112110 PMCID: PMC6089398 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase 1 delta (CSNK1D) is a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular processes including cell cycle progression, circadian rhythm, and neurite outgrowth. Aberrant expression of CSNK1D is described in several cancer types including breast cancer, where it is amplified in about 30% of triple negative breast (TNBC). Here, we have investigated the function of CSNK1D in triple negative cancer cell migration and metastasis. By using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we found that CNSK1D is highly expressed in primary tumor cells and in tumor cells invading lymphatic nodes compared to non-metastatic tumors. In vitro, knock-down of CSNK1D expression with specific shRNAs in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 markedly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration and affected the expression of the tight junction proteins claudin 1, occludin and the junction adhesion molecule A. In vivo, the inactivation of CSNK1D reduced lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts. Altogether, our results indicate that the downregulation of CSNK1D expression inhibits the proliferation and reduces the migration and the metastasis of breast cancer cells. As numerous inhibitors of CSNK1D are currently under development, this might represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Casein kinase 1 is a therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2018; 131:1206-1218. [PMID: 29317454 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-786947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε (CK1δ/ε) is a key component of noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, which were shown previously to drive pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we investigated thoroughly the effects of CK1δ/ε inhibition on the primary CLL cells and analyzed the therapeutic potential in vivo using 2 murine model systems based on the Eµ-TCL1-induced leukemia (syngeneic adoptive transfer model and spontaneous disease development), which resembles closely human CLL. We can demonstrate that the CK1δ/ε inhibitor PF-670462 significantly blocks microenvironmental interactions (chemotaxis, invasion and communication with stromal cells) in primary CLL cells in all major subtypes of CLL. In the mouse models, CK1 inhibition slows down accumulation of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood and spleen and prevents onset of anemia. As a consequence, PF-670462 treatment results in a significantly longer overall survival. Importantly, CK1 inhibition has synergistic effects to the B-cell receptor (BCR) inhibitors such as ibrutinib in vitro and significantly improves ibrutinib effects in vivo. Mice treated with a combination of PF-670462 and ibrutinib show the slowest progression of disease and survive significantly longer compared with ibrutinib-only treatment when the therapy is discontinued. In summary, this preclinical testing of CK1δ/ε inhibitor PF-670462 demonstrates that CK1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target in CLL, acting in synergy with BCR inhibitors. Our work provides evidence that targeting CK1 can represent an alternative or addition to the therapeutic strategies based on BCR signaling and antiapoptotic signaling (BCL-2) inhibition.
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Morgenstern Y, Das Adhikari U, Ayyash M, Elyada E, Tóth B, Moor A, Itzkovitz S, Ben-Neriah Y. Casein kinase 1-epsilon or 1-delta required for Wnt-mediated intestinal stem cell maintenance. EMBO J 2017; 36:3046-3061. [PMID: 28963394 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium holds an immense regenerative capacity mobilized by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), much of it supported by Wnt pathway activation. Several unique regulatory mechanisms ensuring optimal levels of Wnt signaling have been recognized in ISCs. Here, we identify another Wnt signaling amplifier, CKIε, which is specifically upregulated in ISCs and is essential for ISC maintenance, especially in the absence of its close isoform CKIδ. Co-ablation of CKIδ/ε in the mouse gut epithelium results in rapid ISC elimination, with subsequent growth arrest, crypt-villous shrinking, and rapid mouse death. Unexpectedly, Wnt activation is preserved in all CKIδ/ε-deficient enterocyte populations, with the exception of Lgr5+ ISCs, which exhibit Dvl2-dependent Wnt signaling attenuation. CKIδ/ε-depleted gut organoids cease proliferating and die rapidly, yet survive and resume self-renewal upon reconstitution of Dvl2 expression. Our study underscores a unique regulation mode of the Wnt pathway in ISCs, possibly providing new means of stem cell enrichment for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Morgenstern
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Upasana Das Adhikari
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Elyada
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Moor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhang X, Kang T, Zhang L, Tong Y, Ding W, Chen S. NFATc3 mediates the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to arsenic sulfide. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52735-52745. [PMID: 28881766 PMCID: PMC5581065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide (As4S4) is the main component of Realgar which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previously we showed that As4S4 inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells through regulating nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. Here we explore the role of NFAT in gastric cancer. We showed that As4S4 inhibited the expression of NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4, and modulated the expression of NFATc2 accompanying with p53. The baseline expression of NFATc3 varied distinctly in gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MGC803, MKN28, MKN45, and SGC7901) and the sensitivity of these cells to As4S4 was dissimilar, with AGS and MGC803 cells showing higher sensitivity while the SGC7901 cells relatively resistant. Interestingly, the sensitivity to As4S4 was correlated with the level of expression of NFATc3, and the cells relatively sensitivity just showing higher expression of NFATc3. Furthermore, NFATc3 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Our data also showed that, NFATc3 promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by regulating c-Myc. In conclusion, As4S4 inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through NFATc3/c-Myc pathway and the diverse sensitivity among different cell lines correlated with the expression level of NFATc3 indicating that NFATc3 may be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gong B, Shen W, Xiao W, Meng Y, Meng A, Jia S. The Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins Sec14l3/SEC14L2 act as GTPase proteins to mediate Wnt/Ca 2+ signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28463110 PMCID: PMC5423769 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development, tissue formation and diseases. However, it is unclear how the Wnt ligand-stimulated, G protein-coupled receptor Frizzled activates phospholipases for calcium release. Here, we report that the zebrafish/human phosphatidylinositol transfer protein Sec14l3/SEC14L2 act as GTPase proteins to transduce Wnt signals from Frizzled to phospholipase C (PLC). Depletion of sec14l3 attenuates Wnt/Ca2+ responsive activity and causes convergent and extension (CE) defects in zebrafish embryos. Biochemical analyses in mammalian cells indicate that Sec14l3-GDP forms complex with Frizzled and Dishevelled; Wnt ligand binding of Frizzled induces translocation of Sec14l3 to the plasma membrane; and then Sec14l3-GTP binds to and activates phospholipase Cδ4a (Plcδ4a); subsequently, Plcδ4a initiates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) signaling, ultimately stimulating calcium release. Furthermore, Plcδ4a can act as a GTPase-activating protein to accelerate the hydrolysis of Sec14l3-bound GTP to GDP. Our data provide a new insight into GTPase protein-coupled Wnt/Ca2+ signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anming Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Planar cell polarity signaling in the uterus directs appropriate positioning of the crypt for embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8079-E8088. [PMID: 27911818 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614946113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation is a complex process requiring coordination of a dynamic sequence of embryo-uterine interactions. Blood vessels enter the uterus from the mesometrium, demarcating the uterus into mesometrial (M) and antimesometrial (AM) domains. Implantation occurs along the uterine longitudinal axis within specialized implantation chambers (crypts) that originate within the evaginations directed from the primary lumen toward the AM domain. The morphological orientation of crypts in rodent uteri was recognized more than a century ago, but the mechanism remained unknown. Here we provide evidence that planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling orchestrates directed epithelial evaginations to form crypts for implantation in mice. Uterine deletion of Vang-like protein 2, but not Vang-like protein 1, conferred aberrant PCP signaling, misdirected epithelial evaginations, defective crypt formation, and blastocyst attachment, leading to severely compromised pregnancy outcomes. The study reveals a previously unrecognized role for PCP in executing spatial cues for crypt formation and implantation. Because PCP is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, our study is likely to inspire implantation studies of this signaling pathway in humans and other species.
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29
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The interplay between HPIP and casein kinase 1α promotes renal cell carcinoma growth and metastasis via activation of mTOR pathway. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e260. [PMID: 27694835 PMCID: PMC5117846 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX)-interacting protein (HPIP) was shown to be crucial during the development and progression of a variety of tumors. However, the role of HPIP in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unknown. Here we report that HPIP is upregulated in most RCC patients, positively correlates with tumor size, high Fuhrman grade and preoperative metastasis, and predicts poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, we identified casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a critical regulator of tumorigenesis and metastasis, as a novel HPIP-interacting protein. HPIP facilitates RCC cell growth, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition depending on its interaction with CK1α. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathways by HPIP is partly dependent on CK1α and is required for HPIP modulation of RCC cell proliferation and migration. HPIP knockdown suppresses renal tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice through CK1α. Moreover, expression of CK1α is positively correlated with HPIP in RCC samples, and also predicts poor clinical outcome-like expression of HPIP. Taken together, our data demonstrate the critical regulatory role of the HPIP–CK1α interaction in RCC, and suggest that HPIP and CK1α may be potential targets for RCC therapy.
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Rosenberg LH, Lafitte M, Quereda V, Grant W, Chen W, Bibian M, Noguchi Y, Fallahi M, Yang C, Chang JC, Roush WR, Cleveland JL, Duckett DR. Therapeutic targeting of casein kinase 1δ in breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:318ra202. [PMID: 26676609 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac8773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identification of specific drivers of human cancer is required to instruct the development of targeted therapeutics. We demonstrate that CSNK1D is amplified and/or overexpressed in human breast tumors and that casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is a vulnerability of human breast cancer subtypes overexpressing this kinase. Specifically, selective knockdown of CK1δ, or treatment with a highly selective and potent CK1δ inhibitor, triggers apoptosis of CK1δ-expressing breast tumor cells ex vivo, tumor regression in orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer, including patient-derived xenografts, and tumor growth inhibition in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer models. We also show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of human tumors overexpressing CK1δ, that disabling CK1δ blocks nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and T cell factor transcriptional activity, and that constitutively active β-catenin overrides the effects of inhibition or silencing of CK1δ. Thus, CK1δ inhibition represents a promising strategy for targeted treatment in human breast cancer with Wnt/β-catenin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marie Lafitte
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Rincón R, Zazo S, Chamizo C, Manso R, González-Alonso P, Martín-Aparicio E, Cristóbal I, Cañadas C, Perona R, Lluch A, Eroles P, García-Foncillas J, Albanell J, Rovira A, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inactivation by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 Determines Resistance to Taxanes and Anthracyclines in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2780-2790. [PMID: 27599524 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is overexpressed during malignant transformation of the breast in many patients, and it is usually associated with chemoresistance through interference with JNK-driven apoptotic pathways. Although the molecular settings of the mechanism have been documented, details about the contribution of MKP-1 to the failure of chemotherapeutic interventions are unclear. Transient overexpression of MKP-1 and treatment with JNK-modulating agents in breast carcinoma cells confirmed the mediation of MKP-1 in the resistance to taxanes and anthracyclines in breast cancer, through the inactivation of JNK1/2. We next assessed MKP-1 expression and JNK1/2 phosphorylation status in a large cohort of samples from 350 early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We detected that MKP-1 overexpression is a recurrent event predominantly linked to dephosphorylation of JNK1/2 with an adverse impact on relapse of the tumor and overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, MKP-1 and p-JNK1/2 determinations in 64 locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy showed an inverse correlation between MKP-1 overexpression (together with JNK1/2 inhibition) and the pathologic response of the tumors. Our results emphasize the importance of MKP-1 as a potential predictive biomarker for a subset of breast cancer patients with worse outcome and less susceptibility to treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2780-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rincón
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Chamizo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Manso
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute FJD-UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cañadas
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- "Alberto Sols" Biomedical Research Institute CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute FJD-UAM, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Nabavi S. Identifying candidate drivers of drug response in heterogeneous cancer by mining high throughput genomics data. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:638. [PMID: 27526849 PMCID: PMC4986197 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With advances in technologies, huge amounts of multiple types of high-throughput genomics data are available. These data have tremendous potential to identify new and clinically valuable biomarkers to guide the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and treatment of complex diseases, such as cancer. Integrating, analyzing, and interpreting big and noisy genomics data to obtain biologically meaningful results, however, remains highly challenging. Mining genomics datasets by utilizing advanced computational methods can help to address these issues. RESULTS To facilitate the identification of a short list of biologically meaningful genes as candidate drivers of anti-cancer drug resistance from an enormous amount of heterogeneous data, we employed statistical machine-learning techniques and integrated genomics datasets. We developed a computational method that integrates gene expression, somatic mutation, and copy number aberration data of sensitive and resistant tumors. In this method, an integrative method based on module network analysis is applied to identify potential driver genes. This is followed by cross-validation and a comparison of the results of sensitive and resistance groups to obtain the final list of candidate biomarkers. We applied this method to the ovarian cancer data from the cancer genome atlas. The final result contains biologically relevant genes, such as COL11A1, which has been reported as a cis-platinum resistant biomarker for epithelial ovarian carcinoma in several recent studies. CONCLUSIONS The described method yields a short list of aberrant genes that also control the expression of their co-regulated genes. The results suggest that the unbiased data driven computational method can identify biologically relevant candidate biomarkers. It can be utilized in a wide range of applications that compare two conditions with highly heterogeneous datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Nabavi
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Way, Unit 4155, Storrs, CT, 06268, USA.
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High casein kinase 1 epsilon levels are correlated with better prognosis in subsets of patients with breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30343-56. [PMID: 26327509 PMCID: PMC4745804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable biological markers that predict breast cancer (BC) outcomes after multidisciplinary therapy have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the association between casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) and the risk of recurrence in patients with BC. Using 168 available tumor samples from patients with BC treated with surgery +/− chemo(radio)therapy, we scored the CK1ε expression as high (≥1.5) or low (<1.5) using an immunohistochemical method. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the risk of relapse, and Cox proportional hazards analyses were utilized to evaluate the effect of CK1ε expression on this risk. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range 35-96). A total of 58% of the patients underwent breast conservation surgery, while 42% underwent mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were administered in 101 (60%) and 137 cases (82%), respectively. Relapse was observed in 24 patients (14%). Multivariate analysis found high expression of CK1ε to be associated with a statistically significant higher disease-free survival (DFS) in BC patients with wild-type p53 (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.91; P = 0.018) or poor histological differentiation ([HR] = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.94; P = 0.039) or in those without adjuvant chemotherapy ([HR] = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.97; P = 0.006). Our data indicate that CK1ε expression is associated with DFS in BC patients with wild-type p53 or poor histological differentiation or in those without adjuvant chemotherapy and thus may serve as a predictor of recurrence in these subsets of patients.
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Tunçer S, Tunçay Çağatay S, Keşküş AG, Çolakoğlu M, Konu Ö, Banerjee S. Interplay between 15-lipoxygenase-1 and metastasis-associated antigen 1 in the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:448-59. [PMID: 27320813 PMCID: PMC6495825 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metastasis-associated antigen 1 (MTA1) is implicated in metastasis while 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) reduces cell motility, when re-expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to understand any potential interplay between MTA1 and 15-LOX-1 in CRC metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALOX15 and MTA1 expression in tumour and normal samples were analysed from TCGA RNA-seq data, microarray data sets and a human CRC cDNA array. Western blots, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were carried out in HT-29 and LoVo cells re-expressing 15-LOX-1 to determine NF- κB activity at the MTA1 promoter. Functional assays in cells ectopically expressing either 15-LOX-1, MTA-1 or both, were carried out to determine adhesion and cell motility. RESULTS Significantly higher expression of MTA1 was observed in tumours compared to normal tissues; MTA1 overexpression resulted in reduced adhesion in CRC cell lines. Re-expression of 15-LOX-1 in the CRC cell lines reduced expression of endogenous MTA1, corroborated by negative correlation between the two genes in two independent human CRC microarray data sets, with greater significance in specific subsets of patients. DNA binding and transcriptional activity of NF-κB at the MTA1 promoter was significantly lower in cells re-expressing 15-LOX-1. Functionally, the same cells had reduced motility, which was rescued when they overexpressed MTA1, and further corroborated by expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin. CONCLUSIONS Expression of MTA1 and 15-LOX-1 negatively correlated in specific subsets of CRC. Mechanistically, this is at least in part through reduced recruitment of NF-κB to the MTA1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Tunçay Çağatay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A G Keşküş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Çolakoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ö Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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35
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Ding W, Tong Y, Zhang X, Pan M, Chen S. Study of Arsenic Sulfide in Solid Tumor Cells Reveals Regulation of Nuclear Factors of Activated T-cells by PML and p53. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19793. [PMID: 26795951 PMCID: PMC4726130 DOI: 10.1038/srep19793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide (AS) has excellent cytotoxic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but its activity in solid tumors remains to be explored. Here we show that AS and cyclosporine A (CsA) exerted synergistic inhibitory effect on cell growth and c-Myc expression in HCT116 cells. AS inhibited the expression of PML, c-Myc, NFATc1, NFATc3, and NFATc4, while stimulating the expression of p53 and NFATc2. Knockdown of PML reduced NFATc1, NFATc2, NFATc3 and NFATc4 expression while overexpression of p53 stimulated NFATc2-luciferase activity that was further augmented by AS by binding to a set of p53 responsive elements (PREs) on the NFATc2 promoter. Additionally, overexpression of p53 suppressed NFATc3 and NFATc4. Reciprocally, NFATc3 knockdown enhanced p53 while reducing MDM2 expression indicating that NFATc3 is a negative regulator of p53 while a positive regulator of MDM2, consistent with its tumor-promoting property as knockdown of NFATc3 retarded cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in xenograft. In patients with colon cancer, tumor expression of NFATc2 correlated with superior survival, while nuclear NFATc1 with inferior survival. These results indicate that AS differentially regulates NFAT pathway through PML and p53 and reveal an intricate reciprocal regulatory relationship between NFAT proteins and p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minggui Pan
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA.,Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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36
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Jin H, Yu Y, Hu Y, Lu C, Li J, Gu J, Zhang L, Huang H, Zhang D, Wu XR, Gao J, Huang C. Divergent behaviors and underlying mechanisms of cell migration and invasion in non-metastatic T24 and its metastatic derivative T24T bladder cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:522-36. [PMID: 25402510 PMCID: PMC4381612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on cancer cell invasion were primarily focused on its migration because these two events were often considered biologically equivalent. Here we found that T24T cells exhibited higher invasion but lower migration abilities than T24 cells. Expression of Rho-GDPases was much lower and expression of SOD2 was much higher in T24T cells than those in T24 cells. Indeed, knockdown of SOD2 in T24T cells can reverse the cell migration but without affecting cell invasion. We also found that SOD2 inhibited the JNK/c-Jun cascade, and the inhibition of c-Jun activation by ectopic expression of TAM67 impaired Rho-GDPases expression and cell migration in T24T shSOD2 cells. Further, we found that Sp1 can upregulate SOD2 transcription in T24T cells. Importantly, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was overexpressed in T24T and participated in increasing its invasion, and MMP-2 overexpression was mediated by increasing nuclear transport of nucleolin, which enhanced mmp-2 mRNA stability. Taken together, our study unravels an inverse relationship between cell migration and invasion in human bladder cancer T24T cells and suggests a novel mechanism underlying the divergent roles of SOD2 and MMP-2 in regulating metastatic behaviors of human bladder T24T in cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Young Hu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Chris Lu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
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37
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Low cytoplasmic casein kinase 1 epsilon expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3997-4005. [PMID: 26482619 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) is a member of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family, which comprises highly conserved and ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinases. Recent studies have demonstrated that CK1ε plays a role in human cancers; however, the role of CK1ε in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The study used immunohistochemistry to examine CK1ε expression in 230 HCC specimens by tissue microarray (TMA) and assessed the effect of CK1ε knockdown on migration of human hepatoma cells in vitro. The immunohistochemical analyses showed that low CK1ε expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.008), T classification (p = 0.016), tumor vascular invasion (p = 0.002), and cancer stage (p = 0.010). The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that patients with low CK1ε expression had a considerably lower OS rate than that of the patients with high CK1ε expression (p = 0.041, hazard ratio = 1.4; p = 0.039, hazard ratio = 1.4). Moreover, CK1ε small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment exerted an invasion-promoting effect in human hepatoma cells. In conclusion, our data indicated that low CK1ε expression is correlated with a low survival rate and CK1ε may play a role as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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38
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Manda KR, Tripathi P, Hsi AC, Ning J, Ruzinova MB, Liapis H, Bailey M, Zhang H, Maher CA, Humphrey PA, Andriole GL, Ding L, You Z, Chen F. NFATc1 promotes prostate tumorigenesis and overcomes PTEN loss-induced senescence. Oncogene 2015; 35:3282-92. [PMID: 26477312 PMCID: PMC5012433 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent insights into prostate cancer (PCa)-associated genetic changes, full understanding of prostate tumorigenesis remains elusive due to complexity of interactions among various cell types and soluble factors present in prostate tissue. We found upregulation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells c1 (NFATc1) in human PCa and cultured PCa cells, but not in normal prostates and non-tumorigenic prostate cells. To understand the role of NFATc1 in prostate tumorigenesis in situ, we temporally and spatially controlled the activation of NFATc1 in mouse prostate and showed that such activation resulted in prostatic adenocarcinoma with features similar to those seen in human PCa. Our results indicate that the activation of a single transcription factor, NFATc1 in prostatic luminal epithelium to PCa can affect expression of diverse factors in both cells harboring the genetic changes and in neighboring cells through microenvironmental alterations. In addition to the activation of oncogenes c-MYC and STAT3 in tumor cells, a number of cytokines and growth factors, such as IL1β, IL6, and SPP1 (Osteopontin, a key biomarker for PCa), were upregulated in NFATc1-induced PCa, establishing a tumorigenic microenvironment involving both NFATc1 positive and negative cells for prostate tumorigenesis. To further characterize interactions between genes involved in prostate tumorigenesis, we generated mice with both NFATc1 activation and Pten inactivation in prostate. We showed that NFATc1 activation led to acceleration of Pten-null–driven prostate tumorigenesis by overcoming the PTEN loss–induced cellular senescence through inhibition of p21 activation. This study provides direct in vivo evidence of an oncogenic role of NFATc1 in prostate tumorigenesis and reveals multiple functions of NFATc1 in activating oncogenes, in inducing proinflammatory cytokines, in oncogene addiction, and in overcoming cellular senescence, which suggests calcineurin-NFAT signaling as a potential target in preventing PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Manda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Tripathi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A C Hsi
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Ning
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M B Ruzinova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Liapis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Bailey
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C A Maher
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - P A Humphrey
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G L Andriole
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Z You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - F Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
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Mohan N, Sudheesh AP, Francis N, Anderson R, Laishram RS. Phosphorylation regulates the Star-PAP-PIPKIα interaction and directs specificity toward mRNA targets. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:7005-20. [PMID: 26138484 PMCID: PMC4538844 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-PAP is a nuclear non-canonical poly(A) polymerase (PAP) that shows specificity toward mRNA targets. Star-PAP activity is stimulated by lipid messenger phosphatidyl inositol 4,5 bisphoshate (PI4,5P2) and is regulated by the associated Type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase that synthesizes PI4,5P2 as well as protein kinases. These associated kinases act as coactivators of Star-PAP that regulates its activity and specificity toward mRNAs, yet the mechanism of control of these interactions are not defined. We identified a phosphorylated residue (serine 6, S6) on Star-PAP in the zinc finger region, the domain required for PIPKIα interaction. We show that S6 is phosphorylated by CKIα within the nucleus which is required for Star-PAP nuclear retention and interaction with PIPKIα. Unlike the CKIα mediated phosphorylation at the catalytic domain, Star-PAP S6 phosphorylation is insensitive to oxidative stress suggesting a signal mediated regulation of CKIα activity. S6 phosphorylation together with coactivator PIPKIα controlled select subset of Star-PAP target messages by regulating Star-PAP-mRNA association. Our results establish a novel role for phosphorylation in determining Star-PAP target mRNA specificity and regulation of 3'-end processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Mohan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, India
| | - A P Sudheesh
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, India
| | - Nimmy Francis
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, India
| | - Richard Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rakesh S Laishram
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud Post, Poojappura, Trivandrum 695014, India
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40
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Shou J, Jing J, Xie J, You L, Jing Z, Yao J, Han W, Pan H. Nuclear factor of activated T cells in cancer development and treatment. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:174-84. [PMID: 25766658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor in T cells, various NFAT isoforms have been discovered and investigated. Accumulating studies have suggested that NFATs are involved in many aspects of cancer, including carcinogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance and tumor microenvironment. Different NFAT isoforms have distinct functions in different cancers. The exact function of NFAT in cancer or the tumor microenvironment is context dependent. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of NFAT regulation and function in cancer development and treatment. NFATs have emerged as a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangkun You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlin Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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41
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Kourti M, Ikonomou G, Giakoumakis NN, Rapsomaniki MA, Landegren U, Siniossoglou S, Lygerou Z, Simos G, Mylonis I. CK1δ restrains lipin-1 induction, lipid droplet formation and cell proliferation under hypoxia by reducing HIF-1α/ARNT complex formation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1129-40. [PMID: 25744540 PMCID: PMC4390155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of cells under hypoxia is facilitated by metabolic adaptation, mediated by the transcriptional activator Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1α, the inducible subunit of HIF-1 is regulated by oxygen as well as by oxygen-independent mechanisms involving phosphorylation. We have previously shown that CK1δ phosphorylates HIF-1α in its N-terminus and reduces its affinity for its heterodimerization partner ARNT. To investigate the importance of this mechanism for cell proliferation under hypoxia, we visually monitored HIF-1α interactions within the cell nucleus using the in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Both methods show that CK1δ-dependent modification of HIF-1α impairs the formation of a chromatin binding HIF-1 complex. This is confirmed by analyzing expression of lipin-1, a direct target of HIF-1 that mediates hypoxic neutral lipid accumulation. Inhibition of CK1δ increases lipid droplet formation and proliferation of both cancer and normal cells specifically under hypoxia and in an HIF-1α- and lipin-1-dependent manner. These data reveal a novel role for CK1δ in regulating lipid metabolism and, through it, cell adaptation to low oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kourti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Ikonomou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Landegren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Symeon Siniossoglou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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JI JUN, FENG XIAOJING, SHI MIN, CAI QU, YU YINGYAN, ZHU ZHENGGANG, ZHANG JUN. Rac1 is correlated with aggressiveness and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1343-53. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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43
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Gara RK, Kumari S, Ganju A, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Slit/Robo pathway: a promising therapeutic target for cancer. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:156-64. [PMID: 25245168 PMCID: PMC4445861 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Axon guidance molecules, slit glycoprotein (Slit) and Roundabout receptor (Robo), have implications in the regulation of physiological processes. Recent studies indicate that Slit and Robo also have important roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. The Slit/Robo pathway can be considered a master regulator for multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of these molecules and their associated signaling pathways in cancer progression and metastasis. Overall, the current available data suggest that the Slit/Robo pathway could be a promising target for development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Gara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Aditya Ganju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Qin JJ, Nag S, Wang W, Zhou J, Zhang WD, Wang H, Zhang R. NFAT as cancer target: mission possible? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:297-311. [PMID: 25072963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The NFAT signaling pathway regulates various aspects of cellular functions; NFAT acts as a calcium sensor, integrating calcium signaling with other pathways involved in development and growth, immune response, and inflammatory response. The NFAT family of transcription factors regulates diverse cellular functions such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The NFAT isoforms are constitutively activated and overexpressed in several cancer types wherein they transactivate downstream targets that play important roles in cancer development and progression. Though the NFAT family has been conclusively proved to be pivotal in cancer progression, the different isoforms play distinct roles in different cellular contexts. In this review, our discussion is focused on the mechanisms that drive the activation of various NFAT isoforms in cancer. Additionally, we analyze the potential of NFAT as a valid target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Subhasree Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Asad M, Wong MK, Tan TZ, Choolani M, Low J, Mori S, Virshup D, Thiery JP, Huang RYJ. FZD7 drives in vitro aggressiveness in Stem-A subtype of ovarian cancer via regulation of non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1346. [PMID: 25032869 PMCID: PMC4123093 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) can be classified into five biologically distinct molecular subgroups: epithelial-A (Epi-A), Epi-B, mesenchymal (Mes), Stem-A and Stem-B. Among them, Stem-A expresses genes relating to stemness and is correlated with poor clinical prognosis. In this study, we show that frizzled family receptor 7 (FZD7), a receptor for Wnt signalling, is overexpressed in the Stem-A subgroup. To elucidate the functional roles of FZD7, we used an RNA interference gene knockdown approach in three Stem-A cell lines: CH1, PA1 and OV-17R. Si-FZD7 OC cells showed reduced cell proliferation with an increase in the G0/G1 sub-population, with no effect on apoptosis. The cells also displayed a distinctive morphologic change by colony compaction to become more epithelial-like and polarised with smaller internuclear distances and increased z-axis height. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining patterns of pan-cadherin and β-catenin suggested an increase in cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion in si-FZD7 cells. We also observed a significant rearrangement in the actin cytoskeleton and an increase in tensile contractility in si-FZD7 OC cells, as evident by the loss of stress fibres and the redistribution of phospho-myosin light chain (pMLC) from the sites of cell–cell contacts to the periphery of cell colonies. Furthermore, there was reciprocal regulation of RhoA (Ras homolog family member A) and Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP-binding protein Rac1)) activities upon FZD7 knockdown, with a significant reduction in RhoA activity and a concomitant upregulation in Rac1 activity. These changes in pMLC and RhoA, as well as the increased TopFlash reporter activities in si-FZD7 cells, suggested involvement of the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Selected PCP pathway genes (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3), prickle homolog 4 (Drosophila) (PRICKLE4), dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1), profilin 2 (PFN2), protocadherin 9 (PCDH9), protocadherin α1 (PCDHA1), protocadherin β17 pseudogene (PCDHB17), protocadherin β3 (PCDHB3), sprouty homolog 1 (SPRY1) and protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)) were found to be more highly expressed in Stem-A than non Stem-A subgroup of OC. Taken together, our results suggest that FZD7 might drive aggressiveness in Stem-A OC by regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, maintenance of the Mes phenotype and cell migration via casein kinase 1ɛ-mediated non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asad
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M K Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Z Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Low
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [2] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mori
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Virshup
- Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J P Thiery
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore [2] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [3] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [4] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Y-J Huang
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [3] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Bernatík O, Šedová K, Schille C, Ganji RS, Červenka I, Trantírek L, Schambony A, Zdráhal Z, Bryja V. Functional analysis of dishevelled-3 phosphorylation identifies distinct mechanisms driven by casein kinase 1ϵ and frizzled5. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23520-33. [PMID: 24993822 PMCID: PMC4156093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled-3 (Dvl3), a key component of the Wnt signaling pathways, acts downstream of Frizzled (Fzd) receptors and gets heavily phosphorylated in response to pathway activation by Wnt ligands. Casein kinase 1ϵ (CK1ϵ) was identified as the major kinase responsible for Wnt-induced Dvl3 phosphorylation. Currently it is not clear which Dvl residues are phosphorylated and what is the consequence of individual phosphorylation events. In the present study we employed mass spectrometry to analyze in a comprehensive way the phosphorylation of human Dvl3 induced by CK1ϵ. Our analysis revealed >50 phosphorylation sites on Dvl3; only a minority of these sites was found dynamically induced after co-expression of CK1ϵ, and surprisingly, phosphorylation of one cluster of modified residues was down-regulated. Dynamically phosphorylated sites were analyzed functionally. Mutations within PDZ domain (S280A and S311A) reduced the ability of Dvl3 to activate TCF/LEF (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor)-driven transcription and induce secondary axis in Xenopus embryos. In contrast, mutations of clustered Ser/Thr in the Dvl3 C terminus prevented ability of CK1ϵ to induce electrophoretic mobility shift of Dvl3 and its even subcellular localization. Surprisingly, mobility shift and subcellular localization changes induced by Fzd5, a Wnt receptor, were in all these mutants indistinguishable from wild type Dvl3. In summary, our data on the molecular level (i) support previous the assumption that CK1ϵ acts via phosphorylation of distinct residues as the activator as well as the shut-off signal of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and (ii) suggest that CK1ϵ acts on Dvl via different mechanism than Fzd5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Bernatík
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Šedová
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Research Group-Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carolin Schille
- Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ranjani Sri Ganji
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Červenka
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- Structural Biology Program, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic, and Cellular Protein Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic, Research Group-Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic,
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47
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Babron MC, Kazma R, Gaborieau V, McKay J, Brennan P, Sarasin A, Benhamou S. Genetic variants in DNA repair pathways and risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers: combined analysis of data from two genome-wide association studies in European populations. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1523-7. [PMID: 24658182 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair pathways are good candidates for upper aerodigestive tract cancer susceptibility because of their critical role in maintaining genome integrity. We have selected 13 pathways involved in DNA repair representing 212 autosomal genes. To assess the role of these pathways and their associated genes, two European data sets from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium were pooled, totaling 1954 cases and 3121 controls, with documented demographic, lifetime alcohol and tobacco consumption information. We applied an innovative approach that tests single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-sets within DNA repair pathways and then within genes belonging to the significant pathways. We showed an association between the polymerase pathway and oral cavity/pharynx cancers (P-corrected = 4.45 × 10(-) (2)), explained entirely by the association with one SNP, rs1494961 (P = 2.65 × 10(-) (4)), a missense mutation V306I in the second exon of HELQ gene. We also found an association between the cell cycle regulation pathway and esophagus cancer (P-corrected = 1.48 × 10(-) (2)), explained by three SNPs located within or near CSNK1E gene: rs1534891 (P = 1.27 × 10(-) (4)), rs7289981 (P = 3.37 × 10(-) (3)) and rs13054361 (P = 4.09 × 10(-) (3)). As a first attempt to investigate pathway-level associations, our results suggest a role of specific DNA repair genes/pathways in specific upper aerodigestive tract cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Babron
- Inserm, U946, Genetic Variation and Human, Diseases and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMRS-946, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Rémi Kazma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valérie Gaborieau
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - James McKay
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Villejuif, F-94805, France, CNRS, UMR8200, Genomes and Cancers and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Simone Benhamou
- Inserm, U946, Genetic Variation and Human, Diseases and Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMRS-946, Paris, F-75010, France, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
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48
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Knippschild U, Krüger M, Richter J, Xu P, García-Reyes B, Peifer C, Halekotte J, Bakulev V, Bischof J. The CK1 Family: Contribution to Cellular Stress Response and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:96. [PMID: 24904820 PMCID: PMC4032983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed pleiotropic CK1 family play major regulatory roles in many cellular processes including DNA-processing and repair, proliferation, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As a consequence of cellular stress conditions, interaction of CK1 with the mitotic spindle is manifold increased pointing to regulatory functions at the mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, CK1 is able to alter the activity of key proteins in signal transduction and signal integration molecules. In line with this notion, CK1 is tightly connected to the regulation and degradation of β-catenin, p53, and MDM2. Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising that mutations and alterations in the expression and/or activity of CK1 isoforms are often detected in various tumor entities including cancer of the kidney, choriocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, oral cancer, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, scientific effort has enormously increased (i) to understand the regulation of CK1 and its involvement in tumorigenesis- and tumor progression-related signal transduction pathways and (ii) to develop CK1-specific inhibitors for the use in personalized therapy concepts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding CK1 regulation, function, and interaction with cellular proteins playing central roles in cellular stress-responses and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Jakob Halekotte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
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49
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Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by directly binding casein kinase 1ε. Biochem J 2014; 458:159-69. [PMID: 24180524 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway through the last downstream effectors YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (tafazzin). MST (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase) 1 functions as the upstream kinase of the Hippo pathway, and CK1ε (casein kinase 1ε) plays roles in the up-stream signal transduction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, using tandem affinity purification and MS analysis, CK1ε was identified as a novel partner of MST1. Further analysis showed that the interaction between MST1 and CK1ε was mediated by their kinase domains and enhanced by the activation of MST1. To exclude the interference of the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the transduction from MST1 to YAP/TAZ was blocked using anti-WW45 shRNA. In the sh-WW45 cells, MST1 still inhibited the Wnt3A-induced phosphorylation of DVL2 (dishevelled 2) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling by disturbing the interaction of DVL2 and CK1ε. The growth-suppressive effect of MST1 in the presence of Wnt3A was effectively relieved by the downstream activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, MST2, the close homologue of MST1, also displayed the similar function in suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore the results of the present study revealed that, in addition to the phosphorylated YAP/TAZ, the Hippo pathway can suppress the Wnt/β-catenin pathway directly through MST1/2.
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50
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de Groot REA, Ganji RS, Bernatik O, Lloyd-Lewis B, Seipel K, Šedová K, Zdráhal Z, Dhople VM, Dale TC, Korswagen HC, Bryja V. Huwe1-mediated ubiquitylation of dishevelled defines a negative feedback loop in the Wnt signaling pathway. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra26. [PMID: 24643799 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in development, adult tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Several steps in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade are regulated by ubiquitylation, a protein modification that influences the stability, subcellular localization, or interactions of target proteins. To identify regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we performed an RNA interference screen in Caenorhabditis elegans and identified the HECT domain-containing ubiquitin ligase EEL-1 as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling. In human embryonic kidney 293T cells, knockdown of the EEL-1 homolog Huwe1 enhanced the activity of a Wnt reporter in cells stimulated with Wnt3a or in cells that overexpressed casein kinase 1 (CK1) or a constitutively active mutant of the Wnt co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). However, knockdown of Huwe1 had no effect on reporter gene expression in cells expressing constitutively active β-catenin, suggesting that Huwe1 inhibited Wnt signaling upstream of β-catenin and downstream of CK1 and LRP6. Huwe1 bound to and ubiquitylated the cytoplasmic Wnt pathway component Dishevelled (Dvl) in a Wnt3a- and CK1ε-dependent manner. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that Huwe1 promoted K63-linked, but not K48-linked, polyubiquitination of Dvl. Instead of targeting Dvl for degradation, ubiquitylation of the DIX domain of Dvl by Huwe1 inhibited Dvl multimerization, which is necessary for its function. Our findings indicate that Huwe1 is part of an evolutionarily conserved negative feedback loop in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinoud E A de Groot
- 1Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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