1
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Gong L, Voon DC, Nakayama J, Takahashi C, Kohno S. RB1 loss induces quiescent state through downregulation of RAS signaling in mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1576-1586. [PMID: 38468443 PMCID: PMC11093197 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While loss of function (LOF) of retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is known to drive initiation of small-cell lung cancer and retinoblastoma, RB1 mutation is rarely observed in breast cancers at their initiation. In this study, we investigated the impact on untransformed mammary epithelial cells given by RB1 LOF. Depletion of RB1 in anon-tumorigenic MCF10A cells induced reversible growth arrest (quiescence) featured by downregulation of multiple cyclins and MYC, upregulation of p27KIP1, and lack of expression of markers which indicate cellular senescence or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We observed a similar phenomenon in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) as well. Additionally, we found that RB1 depletion attenuated the activity of RAS and the downstream MAPK pathway in an RBL2/p130-dependent manner. The expression of farnesyltransferase β, which is essential for RAS maturation, was found to be downregulated following RB1 depletion also in an RBL2/p130-dependent manner. These findings unveiled an unexpected mechanism whereby normal mammary epithelial cells resist to tumor initiation upon RB1 LOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Gong
- Division of Oncology and Molecular BiologyCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Joji Nakayama
- Division of Oncology and Molecular BiologyCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular BiologyCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular BiologyCancer Research Institute, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaIshikawaJapan
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2
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Khan S, Conover R, Asthagiri AR, Slavov N. Dynamics of Single-Cell Protein Covariation during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38663020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Physiological processes, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are mediated by changes in protein interactions. These changes may be better reflected in protein covariation within a cellular cluster than in the temporal dynamics of cluster-average protein abundance. To explore this possibility, we quantified proteins in single human cells undergoing EMT. Covariation analysis of the data revealed that functionally coherent protein clusters dynamically changed their protein-protein correlations without concomitant changes in the cluster-average protein abundance. These dynamics of protein-protein correlations were monotonic in time and delineated protein modules functioning in actin cytoskeleton organization, energy metabolism, and protein transport. These protein modules are defined by protein covariation within the same time point and cluster and, thus, reflect biological regulation masked by the cluster-average protein dynamics. Thus, protein correlation dynamics across single cells offers a window into protein regulation during physiological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel Conover
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anand R Asthagiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Parallel Squared Technology Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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3
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Khan S, Conover R, Asthagiri AR, Slavov N. Dynamics of single-cell protein covariation during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.21.572913. [PMID: 38187715 PMCID: PMC10769332 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Physiological processes, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are mediated by changes in protein interactions. These changes may be better reflected in protein covariation within cellular cluster than in the temporal dynamics of cluster-average protein abundance. To explore this possibility, we quantified proteins in single human cells undergoing EMT. Covariation analysis of the data revealed that functionally coherent protein clusters dynamically changed their protein-protein correlations without concomitant changes in cluster-average protein abundance. These dynamics of protein-protein correlations were monotonic in time and delineated protein modules functioning in actin cytoskeleton organization, energy metabolism and protein transport. These protein modules are defined by protein covariation within the same time point and cluster and thus reflect biological regulation masked by the cluster-average protein dynamics. Thus, protein correlation dynamics across single cells offer a window into protein regulation during physiological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Conover
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand R. Asthagiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Parallel Squared Technology Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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4
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Luo L, Xu N, Fan W, Wu Y, Chen P, Li Z, He Z, Liu H, Lin Y, Zheng G. The TGFβ2-Snail1-miRNA TGFβ2 Circuitry is Critical for the Development of Aggressive Functions in Breast Cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1558. [PMID: 38299307 PMCID: PMC10831563 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been contradictory reports on the biological role of transforming growth factor-βs (TGFβs) in breast cancer (BC), especially with regard to their ability to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we show that TGFβ2 is preferentially expressed in mesenchymal-like BCs and maintains the EMT phenotype, correlating with cancer stem cell-like characteristics, growth, metastasis and chemo-resistance and predicting worse clinical outcomes. However, this is only true in ERα- BC. In ERα+ luminal-type BC, estrogen receptor interacts with p-Smads to block TGFβ signalling. Furthermore, we also identify a microRNAs (miRNAs) signature (miRNAsTGFβ2 ) that is weakened in TGFβ2-overexpressing BC cells. We discover that TGFβ2-Snail1 recruits enhancer of zeste homolog-2 to convert miRNAsTGFβ2 promoters from an active to repressive chromatin configuration and then repress miRNAsTGFβ2 transcription, forming a negative feedback loop. On the other hand, miRNAsTGFβ2 overexpression reverses the mesenchymal-like traits in agreement with the inhibition of TGFβ2-Snail1 signalling in BC cells. These findings clarify the roles of TGFβ2 in BC and suggest novel therapeutic strategies based on the TGFβ2-Snail1-miRNAsTGFβ2 loop for a subset type of human BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Luo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Ning Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Weina Fan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Pingping Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhihui Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Lin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
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5
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Jain P, Pillai M, Duddu AS, Somarelli JA, Goyal Y, Jolly MK. Dynamical hallmarks of cancer: Phenotypic switching in melanoma and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:48-63. [PMID: 37788736 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity was recently incorporated as a hallmark of cancer. This plasticity can manifest along many interconnected axes, such as stemness and differentiation, drug-sensitive and drug-resistant states, and between epithelial and mesenchymal cell-states. Despite growing acceptance for phenotypic plasticity as a hallmark of cancer, the dynamics of this process remains poorly understood. In particular, the knowledge necessary for a predictive understanding of how individual cancer cells and populations of cells dynamically switch their phenotypes in response to the intensity and/or duration of their current and past environmental stimuli remains far from complete. Here, we present recent investigations of phenotypic plasticity from a systems-level perspective using two exemplars: epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in carcinomas and phenotypic switching in melanoma. We highlight how an integrated computational-experimental approach has helped unravel insights into specific dynamical hallmarks of phenotypic plasticity in different cancers to address the following questions: a) how many distinct cell-states or phenotypes exist?; b) how reversible are transitions among these cell-states, and what factors control the extent of reversibility?; and c) how might cell-cell communication be able to alter rates of cell-state switching and enable diverse patterns of phenotypic heterogeneity? Understanding these dynamic features of phenotypic plasticity may be a key component in shifting the paradigm of cancer treatment from reactionary to a more predictive, proactive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Jain
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Maalavika Pillai
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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6
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Traberg WC, Uribe J, Druet V, Hama A, Moysidou CM, Huerta M, McCoy R, Hayward D, Savva A, Genovese AMR, Pavagada S, Lu Z, Koklu A, Pappa AM, Fitzgerald R, Inal S, Daniel S, Owens RM. Organic Electronic Platform for Real-Time Phenotypic Screening of Extracellular-Vesicle-Driven Breast Cancer Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301194. [PMID: 37171457 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in nonmalignant cells to promote invasion and cancer metastasis, representing a novel therapeutic target in a field severely lacking in efficacious antimetastasis treatments. However, scalable technologies that allow continuous, multiparametric monitoring for identifying metastasis inhibitors are absent. Here, the development of a functional phenotypic screening platform based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of TEV-induced EMT and screening of antimetastatic drugs is reported. TEVs derived from the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 induce EMT in nonmalignant breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) over a nine-day period, recapitulating a model of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasis. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence imaging confirm the EMT status of TEV-treated cells, while dual optical and electrical readouts of cell phenotype are obtained using OECTs. Further, heparin, a competitive inhibitor of cell surface receptors, is identified as an effective blocker of TEV-induced EMT. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of the platform for TEV-targeted drug discovery, allowing for facile modeling of the transient drug response using electrical measurements, and provide proof of concept that inhibitors of TEV function have potential as antimetastatic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther C Traberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Johana Uribe
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Victor Druet
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Hama
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Amaury M R Genovese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Suraj Pavagada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Zixuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Anil Koklu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Healthcare Innovation Engineering Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 3955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Daniel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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7
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Hiraki HL, Matera DL, Wang WY, Prabhu ES, Zhang Z, Midekssa F, Argento AE, Buschhaus JM, Humphries BA, Luker GD, Pena-Francesch A, Baker BM. Fiber density and matrix stiffness modulate distinct cell migration modes in a 3D stroma mimetic composite hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2023; 163:378-391. [PMID: 36179980 PMCID: PMC10043045 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The peritumoral stroma is a complex 3D tissue that provides cells with myriad biophysical and biochemical cues. Histologic observations suggest that during metastatic spread of carcinomas, these cues influence transformed epithelial cells, prompting a diversity of migration modes spanning single cell and multicellular phenotypes. Purported consequences of these variations in tumor escape strategies include differential metastatic capability and therapy resistance. Therefore, understanding how cues from the peritumoral stromal microenvironment regulate migration mode has both prognostic and therapeutic value. Here, we utilize a synthetic stromal mimetic in which matrix fiber density and bulk hydrogel mechanics can be orthogonally tuned to investigate the contribution of these two key matrix attributes on MCF10A migration mode phenotypes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasive potential. We develop an automated computational image analysis framework to extract migratory phenotypes from fluorescent images and determine 3D migration metrics relevant to metastatic spread. Using this analysis, we find that matrix fiber density and bulk hydrogel mechanics distinctly contribute to a variety of MCF10A migration modes including amoeboid, single mesenchymal, clusters, and strands. We identify combinations of physical and soluble cues that induce a variety of migration modes originating from the same MCF10A spheroid and use these settings to examine a functional consequence of migration mode -resistance to apoptosis. We find that cells migrating as strands are more resistant to staurosporine-induced apoptosis than either disconnected clusters or individual invading cells. Improved models of the peritumoral stromal microenvironment and understanding of the relationships between matrix attributes and cell migration mode can aid ongoing efforts to identify effective cancer therapeutics that address cell plasticity-based therapy resistances. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal extracellular matrix structure dictates both cell homeostasis and activation towards migratory phenotypes. However decoupling the effects of myriad biophysical cues has been difficult to achieve. Here, we encapsulate electrospun fiber segments within an amorphous hydrogel to create a fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite in which fiber density and hydrogel stiffness can be orthogonally tuned. Quantification of 3D cell migration reveal these two parameters uniquely contribute to a diversity of migration phenotypes spanning amoeboid, single mesenchymal, multicellular cluster, and collective strand. By tuning biophysical and biochemical cues to elicit heterogeneous migration phenotypes, we find that collective strands best resist apoptosis. This work establishes a composite approach to modulate fibrous topography and bulk hydrogel mechanics and identified biomaterial parameters to direct distinct 3D cell migration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Daniel L Matera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - William Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Eashan S Prabhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Zane Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 481095, United States
| | - Firaol Midekssa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Anna E Argento
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Johanna M Buschhaus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Brock A Humphries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 481095, United States
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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8
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Talukdar SN, McGregor B, Osan JK, Hur J, Mehedi M. RSV infection does not induce EMT. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532506. [PMID: 36993657 PMCID: PMC10055011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection does not cause severe disease in most of us despite suffering from multiple RSV infections in our lives. However, infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised patients are unfortunately vulnerable to RSV-associated severe diseases. A recent study suggested that RSV infection causes cell expansion, resulting in bronchial wall thickening in vitro. Whether the virus-induced changes in the lung airway resemble epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is still unknown. Here, we report that RSV does not induce EMT in three different in vitro lung models: the epithelial A549 cell line, primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and pseudostratified airway epithelium. We found that RSV increases the cell surface area and perimeter in the infected airway epithelium, which is distinct from the effects of a potent EMT inducer, TGF-β1-driven cell elongation-indicative of cell motility. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that both RSV and TGF-β1 have distinct modulation patterns of the transcriptome, which suggests that RSV-induced changes are distinct from EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattya N. Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Brett McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jaspreet K. Osan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Masfique Mehedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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9
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Kandagalla S, Sharath BS, Sherapura A, Grishina M, Potemkin V, Lee J, Ramaswamy G, Prabhakar BT, Hanumanthappa M. A systems biology investigation of curcumin potency against TGF-β-induced EMT signaling in lung cancer. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:306. [PMID: 36276461 PMCID: PMC9526769 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is bioactive phenolic compound which exerts diverse antimetastatic effect. Several studies have reported the antimetastatic effect of curcumin by its ability to modulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in different cancers, but underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. EMT is a highly conserved biological process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal-like characteristics by losing their cell-cell junctions and polarity. As a consequence, deviation in cellular mechanism leads to cancer metastasis and thereby death. In this perspective, we explored the antimetastatic potential and mechanism of curcumin on the EMT process by establishing in vitro EMT model in lungs cancer (A549) cells induced by TGF-β1. Our results showed that curcumin mitigates EMT by regulating the expression of crucial mesenchymal markers such as MMP2, vimentin and N-cadherin. Besides, the transcriptional analysis revealed that the curcumin treatment differentially regulated the expression of 75 genes in NanoString nCounter platform. Further protein-protein interaction network and clusters analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed their involvement in essential biological processes that plays a key role during EMT transition. Altogether, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the antimetastatic potential of curcumin in TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03360-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivananda Kandagalla
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka India
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical & Biological School, South Ural State University, 20-A, Tchaikovsky Str., Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - B. S. Sharath
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka India
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ankith Sherapura
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical & Biological School, South Ural State University, 20-A, Tchaikovsky Str., Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Potemkin
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical & Biological School, South Ural State University, 20-A, Tchaikovsky Str., Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Julian Lee
- School of Systems Biomedical Science and Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - B. T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka India
| | - Manjunatha Hanumanthappa
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka India
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka India
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10
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Promny T, Kutz CS, Jost T, Distel LV, Kadam S, Schmid R, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Kengelbach-Weigand A. An In Vitro Approach for Investigating the Safety of Lipotransfer after Breast-Conserving Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081284. [PMID: 36013233 PMCID: PMC9409821 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of lipotransfer after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and irradiation in breast cancer patients is an already widespread procedure for reconstructing volume deficits of the diseased breast. Nevertheless, the safety of lipotransfer has still not been clarified yet due to contradictory data. The goal of this in vitro study was to further elucidate the potential effects of lipotransfer on the irradiated remaining breast tissue. The mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A was co-cultured with the fibroblast cell line MRC-5 and irradiated with 2 and 5 Gy. Afterwards, cells were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), and the effects on the cellular functions of MCF-10A cells and on gene expression at the mRNA level in MCF-10A and MRC-5 cells were analyzed. Treatment with ADSC CM stimulated transmigration and invasion and decreased the surviving fraction of MCF-10A cells. Further, the expression of cytokines, extracellular, and mesenchymal markers was enhanced in mammary epithelial cells. Only an effect of ADSC CM on irradiated fibroblasts could be observed. The present data suggest epithelial–mesenchymal transition-like changes in the epithelial mammary breast cell line. Thus, the benefits of lipotransfer after BCT should be critically weighed against its possible risks for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Promny
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-853327
| | - Chiara-Sophia Kutz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sheetal Kadam
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Schmid
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Kengelbach-Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head neck cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13255. [PMID: 35918485 PMCID: PMC9345891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes cancer aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Similar traits are associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). We questioned whether mitochondrial dysfunction induces EMT in head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines. We induced mitochondrial dysfunction in four HNC cell lines with carbonyl cyanide-4(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial electron transport chain uncoupling agent, and oligomycin, a mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor. Extracellular flux analyses and expression of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc (xCT) served to confirm mitochondrial dysfunction. Expression of the EMT-related transcription factor SNAI2, the mesenchymal marker vimentin and vimentin/cytokeratin double positivity served to detect EMT. In addition, holotomographic microscopy was used to search for morphological features of EMT. Extracellular flux analysis and xCT expression confirmed that FCCP/oligomycin induced mitochondrial dysfunction in all cell lines. Across the four cell lines, mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in an increase in relative SNAI2 expression from 8.5 ± 0.8 to 12.0 ± 1.1 (mean ± SEM; p = 0.007). This effect was predominantly caused by the CAL 27 cell line (increase from 2.2 ± 0.4 to 5.5 ± 1.0; p < 0.001). Similarly, only in CAL 27 cells vimentin expression increased from 2.2 ± 0.5 × 10-3 to 33.2 ± 10.2 × 10-3 (p = 0.002) and vimentin/cytokeratin double positive cells increased from 34.7 ± 5.1 to 67.5 ± 9.8% (p = 0.003), while the other 3 cell lines did not respond with EMT (all p > 0.1). Across all cell lines, FCCP/oligomycin had no effect on EMT characteristics in holotomographic microscopy. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced EMT in 1 of 4 HNC cell lines. Given the heterogeneity of HNC, mitochondrial dysfunction may be sporadically induced by EMT, but EMT does not explain the tumor promoting effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in general.
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12
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Liang M, Li JW, Luo H, Lulu S, Calbay O, Shenoy A, Tan M, Law BK, Huang S, Xiao TS, Chen H, Wu L, Chang J, Lu J. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Suppresses AMPK and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Pyroptosis under Energy Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142208. [PMID: 35883651 PMCID: PMC9322750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. It remains a challenge to target cancer cells that have undergone EMT. The Snail family of key EMT-inducing transcription factors directly binds to and transcriptionally represses not only epithelial genes but also a myriad of additional genomic targets that may carry out significant biological functions. Therefore, we reasoned that EMT inherently causes various concomitant phenotypes, some of which may create targetable vulnerabilities for cancer treatment. In the present study, we found that Snail transcription factors bind to the promoters of multiple genes encoding subunits of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex, and expression of AMPK genes was markedly downregulated by EMT. Accordingly, high AMPK expression in tumors correlated with epithelial cell markers and low AMPK expression in tumors was strongly associated with adverse prognosis. AMPK is the principal sensor of cellular energy status. In response to energy stress, AMPK is activated and critically reprograms cellular metabolism to restore energy homeostasis and maintain cell survival. We showed that activation of AMPK by energy stress was severely impaired by EMT. Consequently, EMT cancer cells became hypersensitive to a variety of energy stress conditions and primarily underwent pyroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death. Collectively, the study suggests that EMT impedes the activation of AMPK signaling induced by energy stress and sensitizes cancer cells to pyroptotic cell death under energy stress conditions. Therefore, while EMT promotes malignant progression, it concurrently induces collateral vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jennifer W. Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Huacheng Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Sarah Lulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ozlem Calbay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (O.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Anitha Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (O.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jia Chang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Nalluri SM, Sankhe CS, O'Connor JW, Blanchard PL, Khouri JN, Phan SH, Virgi G, Gomez EW. Crosstalk between ERK and MRTF‐A signaling regulates TGFβ1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2503-2515. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep M. Nalluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Chinmay S. Sankhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joseph W. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Paul L. Blanchard
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Joelle N. Khouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Steven H. Phan
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Gage Virgi
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
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14
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Mass cytometric and transcriptomic profiling of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in human mammary cell lines. Sci Data 2022; 9:44. [PMID: 35140234 PMCID: PMC8828897 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) equips breast cancer cells for metastasis and treatment resistance. However, detection, inhibition, and elimination of EMT-undergoing cells is challenging due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer cells and the phenotypic diversity of EMT programs. We comprehensively profiled EMT transition phenotypes in four non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cell lines using a flow cytometry surface marker screen, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry. EMT was induced in the HMLE and MCF10A cell lines and in the HMLE-Twist-ER and HMLE-Snail-ER cell lines by prolonged exposure to TGFβ1 or 4-hydroxytamoxifen, respectively. Each cell line exhibited a spectrum of EMT transition phenotypes, which we compared to the steady-state phenotypes of fifteen luminal, HER2-positive, and basal breast cancer cell lines. Our data provide multiparametric insights at single-cell level into the phenotypic diversity of EMT at different time points and in four human cellular models. These insights are valuable to better understand the complexity of EMT, to compare EMT transitions between the cellular models used here, and for the design of EMT time course experiments. Measurement(s) | RNA-seq gene expression profiling assay • cell surface proteins • protein expression at the single-cell level • Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition • breast cancer cell • mammary gland epithelial cell | Technology Type(s) | mRNA Sequencing • Flow Cytometry • cytometry time of flight assay • Cell Culture | Factor Type(s) | protein level • gene expression • cell morphology | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Homo sapiens | Sample Characteristic - Environment | cell culture |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16989301
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15
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Bai F, Zheng C, Liu X, Chan HL, Liu S, Ma J, Ren S, Zhu WG, Pei XH. Loss of function of GATA3 induces basal-like mammary tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:720-733. [PMID: 34976209 PMCID: PMC8692904 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: GATA3 is a transcription factor essential for mammary luminal epithelial cell differentiation. Expression of GATA3 is absent or significantly reduced in basal-like breast cancers. Gata3 loss-of-function impairs cell proliferation, making it difficult to investigate the role of GATA3 deficiency in vivo. We previously demonstrated that CDK inhibitor p18INK4c (p18) is a downstream target of GATA3 and restrains mammary epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Whether and how loss-of-function of GATA3 results in basal-like breast cancers remains elusive. Methods: We generated mutant mouse strains with heterozygous germline deletion of Gata3 in p18 deficient backgrounds and developed a Gata3 depleted mammary tumor model system to determine the role of Gata3 loss in controlling cell proliferation and aberrant differentiation in mammary tumor development and progression. Results: Haploid loss of Gata3 reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation with induction of p18, impaired luminal differentiation, and promoted basal differentiation in mammary glands. p18 deficiency induced luminal type mammary tumors and rescued the proliferative defect caused by haploid loss of Gata3. Haploid loss of Gata3 accelerated p18 deficient mammary tumor development and changed the properties of these tumors, resulting in their malignant and luminal-to-basal transformation. Expression of Gata3 negatively correlated with basal differentiation markers in MMTV-PyMT mammary tumor cells. Depletion of Gata3 in luminal tumor cells also reduced cell proliferation with induction of p18 and promoted basal differentiation. We confirmed that expression of GATA3 and basal markers are inversely correlated in human basal-like breast cancers. Conclusions: This study provides the first genetic evidence demonstrating that loss-of-function of GATA3 directly induces basal-like breast cancer. Our finding suggests that basal-like breast cancer may also originate from luminal type cancer.
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Kondratyeva L, Chernov I, Kopantzev E, Didych D, Kuzmich A, Alekseenko I, Kostrov S, Sverdlov E. Pancreatic Lineage Specifier PDX1 Increases Adhesion and Decreases Motility of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174390. [PMID: 34503200 PMCID: PMC8430990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular interactions involving adhesion factors are key operators in cancer progression. In particular, these factors are responsible for facilitating cell migration and metastasis. Strengthening of adhesion between tumor cells and surrounding cells or extracellular matrix (ECM), may provide a way to inhibit tumor cell migration. Recently, we demonstrated that PDX1 ectopic expression results in the reduction of pancreatic cancer line PANC-1 cell motility in vitro and in vivo, and we now provide experimental data confirming the hypothesis that suppression of migration may be related to the effect of PDX1 on cell adhesion. Cell migration analyses demonstrated decreased motility of pancreatic Colo357 and PANC-1 cell lines expressing PDX1. We observed decreased expression levels of genes associated with promoting cell migration and increased expression of genes negatively affecting cell motility. Expression of the EMT regulator genes was only mildly induced in cells expressing PDX1 during the simulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the addition of TGFβ1 to the medium. PDX1-expressing cancer cell lines showed increased cell adhesion to collagen type I, fibronectin, and poly-lysine. We conclude that ectopic expression of PDX1 reduces the migration potential of cancer cells, by increasing the adhesive properties of cells and reducing the sensitivity to TGFβ1-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kondratyeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Igor Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Eugene Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Dmitry Didych
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Alexey Kuzmich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.C.); (E.K.); (D.D.); (A.K.); (I.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Kostrov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eugene Sverdlov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploshchad’ Akademika Kurchatova, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (E.S.)
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Human Primary Breast Cancer Stem Cells Are Characterized by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041808. [PMID: 33670400 PMCID: PMC7918351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, with only limited treatment options available. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as the potential drivers of tumor progression due to their ability to both self-renew and give rise to differentiated progeny. The CSC state has been linked to the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to the highly flexible state of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). We aimed to establish primary breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) cultures isolated from TNBC specimens. These cells grow as tumor spheres under anchorage-independent culture conditions in vitro and reliably form tumors in mice when transplanted in limiting dilutions in vivo. The BCSC xenograft tumors phenocopy the original patient tumor in architecture and gene expression. Analysis of an EMT-related marker profile revealed the concomitant expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers suggesting an EMP state for BCSCs of TNBC. Furthermore, BCSCs were susceptible to stimulation with the EMT inducer TGF-β1, resulting in upregulation of mesenchymal genes and enhanced migratory abilities. Overall, primary BCSC cultures are a promising model close to the patient that can be used both in vitro and in vivo to address questions of BCSC biology and evaluate new treatment options for TNBC.
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18
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Different Regulation of Glut1 Expression and Glucose Uptake during the Induction and Chronic Stages of TGFβ1-Induced EMT in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121621. [PMID: 33271824 PMCID: PMC7760794 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lymph metastasis, and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Paradoxically, TGF-β1 is also a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. TGF-β1-induced EMT involves activation of several pathways including AKT, which also regulates glucose uptake. Recent data show that prolonged TGF-β1 exposure leads to a more stable EMT phenotype in breast cancer cells. However, whether this is linked to changes in glucose metabolism is not clear. Here, we used a model of TGF-β1-induced EMT in mammary epithelial cells to study the regulation of Glut1 and EMT markers during the induction compared to a prolonged phase of EMT by western blot, immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis. We also measured cell proliferation and uptake of the glucose analogue 2-NDBG. We found that EMT induction was associated with decreased Glut1 expression and glucose uptake. These effects were linked to reduced cell proliferation rather than EMT. Knockdown of Glut1 resulted in growth inhibition and less induction of vimentin during TGF-β1-induced EMT. Intriguingly, Glut1 levels, glucose uptake and cell proliferation were restored during prolonged EMT. The results link Glut1 repression to the anti-proliferative response of TGF-β1 and indicate that re-expression of Glut1 during chronic TGF-β1 exposure allows breast cancer cells to develop stable EMT and proliferate, in parallel.
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Jia W, Tripathi S, Chakraborty P, Chedere A, Rangarajan A, Levine H, Jolly MK. Epigenetic feedback and stochastic partitioning during cell division can drive resistance to EMT. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2611-2624. [PMID: 32676163 PMCID: PMC7343638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are central to metastatic aggressiveness and therapy resistance in solid tumors. While molecular determinants of both processes have been extensively characterized, the heterogeneity in the response of tumor cells to EMT and MET inducers has come into focus recently, and has been implicated in the failure of anti-cancer therapies. Recent experimental studies have shown that some cells can undergo an irreversible EMT depending on the duration of exposure to EMT-inducing signals. While the irreversibility of MET, or equivalently, resistance to EMT, has not been studied in as much detail, evidence supporting such behavior is slowly emerging. Here, we identify two possible mechanisms that can underlie resistance of cells to undergo EMT: epigenetic feedback in ZEB1/GRHL2 feedback loop and stochastic partitioning of biomolecules during cell division. Identifying the ZEB1/GRHL2 axis as a key determinant of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity across many cancer types, we use mechanistic mathematical models to show how GRHL2 can be involved in both the abovementioned processes, thus driving an irreversible MET. Our study highlights how an isogenic population may contain subpopulation with varying degrees of susceptibility or resistance to EMT, and proposes a next set of questions for detailed experimental studies characterizing the irreversibility of MET/resistance to EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Adithya Chedere
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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20
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Mano SS, Uto K, Ebara M. Fluidity of Poly (ε-Caprolactone)-Based Material Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1757. [PMID: 32143443 PMCID: PMC7084864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose the potential studies on material fluidity to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF-7 cells. In this study, we examined for the first time the effect of material fluidity on EMT using poly(ε-caprolactone-co-D,L-lactide) (P(CL-co-DLLA)) with tunable elasticity and fluidity. METHODS The fluidity was altered by chemically crosslinking the polymer networks. The crosslinked P(CL-co-DLLA) substrate showed a solid-like property with a stiffness of 261 kPa, while the non-crosslinked P(CL-co-DLLA) substrate of 100 units (high fluidity) and 500 units (low fluidity) existed in a quasi-liquid state with loss modulus of 33 kPa and 30.8 kPa, respectively, and storage modulus of 10.8 kPa and 20.1 kPa, respectively. RESULTS We observed that MCF-7 cells on low fluidic substrates decreased the expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, and increased expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. This showed that the cells lose their epithelial phenotype and gain a mesenchymal property. On the other hand, MCF-7 cells on high fluidic substrates maintained their epithelial phenotype, suggesting that the cells did not undergo EMT. CONCLUSION Considering these results as the fundamental information for material fluidity induced EMT, our system could be used to regulate the degree of EMT by turning the fluidity of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmy Saimon Mano
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
| | - Koichiro Uto
- International Center for Young Scientist (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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Hutchinson LD, Darling NJ, Nicolaou S, Gori I, Squair DR, Cohen P, Hill CS, Sapkota GP. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) regulate TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and apoptotic responses. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:49. [PMID: 31969556 PMCID: PMC6976658 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signalling pathways initiated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family of cytokines control many metazoan cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. TGFβ signalling is therefore strictly regulated to ensure appropriate context-dependent physiological responses. In an attempt to identify novel regulatory components of the TGFβ signalling pathway, we performed a pharmacological screen by using a cell line engineered to report the endogenous transcription of the TGFβ-responsive target gene PAI-1. The screen revealed that small molecule inhibitors of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) attenuate TGFβ-mediated transcription of PAI-1 without affecting receptor-mediated SMAD phosphorylation, SMAD complex formation or nuclear translocation. We provide evidence that genetic inactivation of SIK isoforms also attenuates TGFβ-dependent transcriptional responses. Pharmacological inhibition of SIKs by using multiple small-molecule inhibitors potentiated apoptotic cell death induced by TGFβ stimulation. Our data therefore provide evidence for a novel function of SIKs in modulating TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Hutchinson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nicola J Darling
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Stephanos Nicolaou
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Daniel R Squair
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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22
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Cooke M, Baker MJ, Kazanietz MG, Casado-Medrano V. PKCε regulates Rho GTPases and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Small GTPases 2019; 12:202-208. [PMID: 31648598 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1684785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) promotes the formation of membrane ruffles and motility in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that PKCε is down-regulated when NSCLC cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to TGF-β, thus becoming dispensable for migration and invasion in the mesenchymal state. PKCε silencing or inhibition leads to stress fibre formation, suggesting that this kinase negatively regulates RhoA activity. Ruffle formation induced by PKCε activation in the epithelial state is dependent on PI3K, but does not involve the PI3K-dependent Rac-GEFs Ect2, Trio, Vav2 or Tiam1, suggesting alternative Rac-GEFs as mediators of this response. In the proposed model, PKCε acts as a rheostat for Rho GTPases that differs in the epithelial and mesenchymal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Baker
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Liu Q, Borcherding N, Shao P, Cao H, Zhang W, Qi HH. Identification of novel TGF-β regulated genes with pro-migratory roles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165537. [PMID: 31449970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays fundamental roles in the development and homeostasis of somatic cells. Dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer progression and relapse to therapies by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enriching cancer stem cells, and promoting immunosuppression. Although many TGF-β-regulated genes have been identified, only a few datasets were obtained by next-generation sequencing. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of MCF10A cells and identified 1166 genes that were upregulated and 861 genes that were downregulated by TGF-β. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion and metabolic pathways were the top enriched pathways of the up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Genes in these pathways also possess significant predictive value for renal cancers. Moreover, we confirmed that TGF-β induced expression of MICAL1 and 2, and the histone demethylase, KDM7A, and revealed their regulatory roles on TGF-β-induced cell migration. We also show a critical effect of KDM7A in regulating the acetylation of H3K27 on TGF-β-induced genes. In sum, this study identified novel effectors that mediate the pro-migratory role of TGF-β signaling, paving the way for future studies that investigate the function of MICAL family members in cancer and the novel epigenetic mechanisms downstream TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hank Heng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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24
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Tajbakhsh A, Rivandi M, Abedini S, Pasdar A, Sahebkar A. Regulators and mechanisms of anoikis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 140:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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25
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Shi F, Ma Y, Qian Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao M, Hu Z. A Novel Peptide Probe for Identification of PLS3-Expressed Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9640-9647. [PMID: 31293151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The T-plastin (PLS3) has a significant implication in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and breast cancer prognosis. Using one-bead-one-compound library strategy, a novel peptide TP1 (KVKSDRVC) toward PLS3 was screened and exhibited the specificity for identifying PLS3-expressed cancer cells. Moreover, we found Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled TP1 (FITC-TP1) could act as a novel probe for EMT-induced cancer cells, preferentially in the leading edge. It also has satisfactory specificity for PLS3-expressed cancer cells spiked in the blood. FITC-TP1 was expected to become a diagnostic tool to identify PLS3-expressed circulating tumor cells and predict prognosis for patients with breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yixia Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
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26
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Promotes the Differentiation Potential of Xenopus tropicalis Immature Sertoli Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8387478. [PMID: 31191685 PMCID: PMC6525813 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8387478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development by which sessile epithelial cells are converted into migratory mesenchymal cells. Our laboratory has been successful in the establishment of Xenopus tropicalis immature Sertoli cells (XtiSCs) with the restricted differentiation potential. The aim of this study is the determination of factors responsible for EMT activation in XtiSCs and stemness window acquisition where cells possess the broadest differentiation potential. For this purpose, we tested three potent EMT inducers—GSK-3 inhibitor (CHIR99021), FGF2, and/or TGF-β1 ligand. XtiSCs underwent full EMT after 3-day treatment with CHIR99021 and partial EMT with FGF2 but not with TGF-β1. The morphological change of CHIR-treated XtiSCs to the typical spindle-like cell shape was associated with the upregulation of mesenchymal markers and the downregulation of epithelial markers. Moreover, only CHIR-treated XtiSCs were able to differentiate into chondrocytes in vitro and cardiomyocytes in vivo. Interestingly, EMT-shifted cells could migrate towards cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro and to the injury site in vivo. The results provide a better understanding of signaling pathways underlying the generation of testis-derived stem cells.
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27
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Seachrist DD, Keri RA. The Activin Social Network: Activin, Inhibin, and Follistatin in Breast Development and Cancer. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1097-1110. [PMID: 30874767 PMCID: PMC6475112 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activins and inhibins are closely related protein heterodimers with a similar tissue distribution; however, these two complexes have opposing functions in development and disease. Both are secreted cytokine hormones, with activin the primary inducer of downstream signaling cascades and inhibin acting as a rheostat that exquisitely governs activin function. Adding to the complexity of activin signaling, follistatin, a highly glycosylated monomeric protein, binds activin with high affinity and restrains downstream pathway activation but through a mechanism distinct from that of inhibin. These three proteins were first identified as key ovarian hormones in the pituitary-gonadal axis that direct the synthesis and secretion of FSH from the pituitary, hence controlling folliculogenesis. Research during the past 30 years has expanded the roles of these proteins, first by discovering the ubiquitous expression of the trio and then by implicating them in a wide array of biological functions. In concert, these three hormones govern tissue development, homeostasis, and disease in multiple organ systems through diverse autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the present study, we have reviewed the actions of activin and its biological inhibitors, inhibin, and follistatin, in mammary gland morphogenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D Seachrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of General Medical Sciences–Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Correspondence: Ruth A. Keri, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. E-mail:
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28
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Distinctive requirement of PKCε in the control of Rho GTPases in epithelial and mesenchymally transformed lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5396-5412. [PMID: 30923343 PMCID: PMC6609469 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG)/phorbol ester-regulated protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been widely linked to tumor promotion and the development of a metastatic phenotype. PKCε, an oncogenic member of the PKC family, is abnormally overexpressed in lung cancer and other cancer types. This kinase plays significant roles in proliferation, survival and migration; however its role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been scarcely studied. Silencing experiments in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells revealed that PKCε or other DAG-regulated PKCs (PKCα and PKCδ) were dispensable for the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Unexpectedly, we found a nearly complete down-regulation of PKCε expression in TGF-β-mesenchymally transformed NSCLC cells. PMA and AJH-836 (a DAG-mimetic that preferentially activates PKCε) promote ruffle formation in NSCLC cells via Rac1, however they fail to induce these morphological changes in TGF-β-mesenchymally transformed cells despite their elevated Rac1 activity. Several Rac Guanine nucleotide Exchange-Factors (Rac-GEFs) were also up-regulated in TGF-β-treated NSCLC cells, including Trio and Tiam2, which were required for cell motility. Lastly, we found that silencing or inhibiting PKCε enhances RhoA activity and stress fiber formation, a phenotype also observed in TGF-β-transformed cells. Our studies established a distinctive involvement of PKCε in epithelial and mesenchymal NSCLC cells, and identified a complex interplay between PKCε and small GTPases that contributes to regulation of NSCLC cell morphology and motile activity.
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29
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Liao SJ, Luo J, Li D, Zhou YH, Yan B, Wei JJ, Tu JC, Li YR, Zhang GM, Feng ZH. TGF-β1 and TNF-α synergistically induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by enhancing TAK1 activation. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:369-380. [PMID: 30739244 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a main inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, many breast cancer cells are not sensitive to the EMT induction by TGF-β1 alone. So far, the mechanisms underlying the induction of TGF-β1-insensitive breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here we report that TNF-α can induce EMT and invasiveness of breast cancer cells which are insensitive to TGF-β1. Intriguingly, TGF-β1 could cooperate with TNF-α to promote the EMT and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The prolonged co-stimulation with TGF-β1 and TNF-α could enhance the sustained activation of Smad2/3, p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK and NF-κB pathways by enhancing the activation of TAK1, which was mediated by the gradually up-regulated TβRs. Except for JNK, all of these pathways were required for the effects of TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Importantly, the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK pathways resulted in a positive feed-back effect on TAK1 activation by up-regulating the expression of TβRs, favoring the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, SLUG was up-regulated and required for the TGF-β1/TNF-α-induced EMT and invasiveness. In addition, SLUG could also enhance the activation of signaling pathways by promoting TβRII expression. These findings suggest that the up-regulation of TβRs contributes to the sustained activation of TAK1 induced by TGF-β1/TNF-α and the following activation of multiple signaling pathways, resulting in EMT and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jun Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Cheng Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Gamage TKJB, Schierding W, Hurley D, Tsai P, Ludgate JL, Bhoothpur C, Chamley LW, Weeks RJ, Macaulay EC, James JL. The role of DNA methylation in human trophoblast differentiation. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1154-1173. [PMID: 30475094 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1549462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a vital fetal exchange organ connecting mother and baby. Specialised placental epithelial cells, called trophoblasts, are essential for adequate placental function. Trophoblasts transform the maternal vasculature to allow efficient blood flow to the placenta and facilitate adequate nutrient uptake. Placental development is in part regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. However, our understanding of how DNA methylation contributes to human trophoblast differentiation is limited. To better understand how genome-wide methylation differences affect trophoblast differentiation, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was conducted on four matched sets of trophoblasts; side-population trophoblasts (a candidate human trophoblast stem cell population), cytotrophoblasts (an intermediate progenitor population), and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT, a terminally differentiated population) each isolated from the same first trimester placenta. Each trophoblast population had a distinct methylome. In line with their close differentiation relationship, the methylation profile of side-population trophoblasts was most similar to cytotrophoblasts, whilst EVT had the most distinct methylome. In comparison to mature trophoblast populations, side-population trophoblasts exhibited differential methylation of genes and miRNAs involved in cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and regulation of pluripotency. A combined methylomic and transcriptomic approach was taken to better understand cytotrophoblast differentiation to EVT. This revealed methylation of 41 genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and metastatic cancer pathways, which likely contributes to the acquisition of an invasive EVT phenotype. However, the methylation status of a gene did not always predict gene expression. Therefore, while CpG methylation plays a role in trophoblast differentiation, it is likely not the only regulatory mechanism involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena K J B Gamage
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - William Schierding
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Daniel Hurley
- b Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Peter Tsai
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jackie L Ludgate
- c Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | | | - Lawrence W Chamley
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Robert J Weeks
- c Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Erin C Macaulay
- c Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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31
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Zhang Y, Weinberg RA. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities. Front Med 2018; 12:361-373. [PMID: 30043221 PMCID: PMC6186394 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in both development and cancer progression. Depending on the contextual signals and intracellular gene circuits of a particular cell, this program can drive fully epithelial cells to enter into a series of phenotypic states arrayed along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic axis. These cell states display distinctive cellular characteristics, including stemness, invasiveness, drug-resistance and the ability to form metastases at distant organs, and thereby contribute to cancer metastasis and relapse. Currently we still lack a coherent overview of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms inducing cells to enter various states along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic spectrum. An improved understanding of the dynamic and plastic nature of the EMT program has the potential to yield novel therapies targeting this cellular program that may aid in the management of high-grade malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,MIT Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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32
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Li Y, Zhu G, Zhai H, Jia J, Yang W, Li X, Liu L. Simultaneous stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells via the NF-κB pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6873-6880. [PMID: 29725419 PMCID: PMC5920468 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical in the progression of numerous types of carcinoma, and endows invasive and metastatic properties upon cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor metastasis to distant organs. Various signaling pathways contribute to this process. In the present study, SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1; 10 ng/ml) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 20 ng/ml), alone or in combination, for 72 h, and EMT was assessed using immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and migration assays. The functions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in EMT were examined. It was demonstrated that the cooperation of TGF-β1 and TNF-α signaling promoted the morphological conversion of the SW480 cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, simultaneous exposure to TNF-α and TGF-β1 downregulated the expression of E-cadherin (an epithelial marker) and increased the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin (mesenchymal markers). Additionally, the migratory capacity of the SW480 cells increased. The inhibition of p38 and ERK signaling exhibited no effect on EMT, whereas the inhibition of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit β blocked the EMT induced by TGF-β1 and TNF-α. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that TNF-α and TGF-β1 synergistically promoted EMT in SW480 cells via the NF-κB pathway, independent of p38 activation and ERK1/2 signaling. These results suggest a novel function of TGF-β1 and TNF-α during EMT in colon carcinoma and, thus, provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The 264th Hospital of the PLA, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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33
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Nalluri SM, O'Connor JW, Virgi GA, Stewart SE, Ye D, Gomez EW. TGFβ1-induced expression of caldesmon mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:201-212. [PMID: 29466836 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process that mediates organ development and wound healing, and in pathological contexts, it can contribute to the progression of fibrosis and cancer. During EMT, cells exhibit marked changes in cytoskeletal organization and increased expression of a variety of actin associated proteins. Here, we sought to determine the role of caldesmon in mediating EMT in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. We find that the expression level and phosphorylation state of caldesmon increase as a function of time following induction of EMT by TGFβ1 and these changes in caldesmon correlate with increased focal adhesion number and size and increased cell contractility. Knockdown and forced expression of caldesmon in epithelial cells reveals that caldesmon expression plays an important role in regulating the expression of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin. Results from these studies provide insight into the role of cytoskeletal associated proteins in the regulation of EMT and may suggest ways to target the cell cytoskeleton for regulating EMT processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep M Nalluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Joseph W O'Connor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gage A Virgi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Samantha E Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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34
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Bui KC, Barat S, Chen X, Bozko P, Scholta T, Nguyen MLT, Bhuria V, Xing J, Nguyen LT, Le HS, Velavan TP, Sipos B, Wilkens L, Malek NP, Plentz RR. Silencing of Kangai 1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin suppresses progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:59-67. [PMID: 29366806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. CC treatment options are very limited especially for patients with distant metastasis. Kangai 1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN) is highly expressed in numerous cancers, but the role of KITENIN in CC remains unknown. Here, we have investigated for the first time the function of KITENIN in human CC cell lines (TFK-1, SZ-1), tissues and a CC mouse model (Alb-Cre/LSL-KRASG12D/p53L/L). KITENIN was expressed in 92.2% of human CC tissues, in murine CC samples and also in human CC cell lines. Knockdown of KITENIN by small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively reduced proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in both intra- and extra-hepatic CC cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers like N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Slug were suppressed in KITENIN knockdown CC cells. Our results indicate that KITENIN is crucial for cholangiocarcinogenesis and it might become a potential therapeutic target for human CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khac Cuong Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Scholta
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mai Ly Thi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jun Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linh Toan Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Song Le
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Regional Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruben R Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Bremen-Nord Hospital, Bremen, Germany.
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35
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Aguilera A, Aroeira LS, Ramirez-Huesca M, Perez-Lozano ML, Cirugeda A, Bajo MA, Del Peso G, Valenzuela-Fernandez A, Sanchez-Tomero JA, Lopez-Cabrera M, Selgas R. Effects of Rapamycin on the Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition of Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 28:164-9. [PMID: 15770593 DOI: 10.1177/039139880502800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of the peritoneal membrane is crucial for long-term survival in peritoneal dialysis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process demonstrated in mesothelial cells (MC), responsible for negative peritoneal changes and directly related to PD. EMT enables neovascularization and fibrogenic capabilities in MC. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the mediator for neo-vascularization. Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressor with antifibrotic action in renal allografts and has a demonstrated anti-VEGF effect. We performed this study with the hypothesis that rapamycin may regulate the EMT of MC. MC from human omentum were cultured. When mesothelial cells reached confluence, some of them were stimulated with r-TGF-ß (1 ng/mL) to induce EMT, co-administered with rapamycin (0.2, 2, 4, 20 and 40 nM). Other groups of cells received similar doses of rapamycin or r-TGF-ß, separately. Cells were analyzed at 6, 24, 48 hours and 7 days. As markers of EMT we included α-SMA, E-cadherin and snail nuclear factor by quantitative RT-PCR. EMT markers and regulators demonstrated the following changes with rapamycin: E-cadherin (a protective gene for EMT) increased 2.5-fold relative to controls under 40 nM, at 24h. Importantly, rapamycin inhibited snail expression induced by TGF-ß at 6h, whereas TGF-ß increased snail 10fold. At day 7, rapamycin showed no anti-EMT properties. An important decrease in α-SMA expression by MC after rapamycin addition was observed. In conclusion, rapamycin shows a mild protective effect on EMT, as it increases E-cadherin and decreases α-SMA expression. Consequently, rapamycin might partially regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aguilera
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Wang W, Yi M, Chen S, Li J, Li G, Yang J, Zheng P, Zhang H, Xiong W, McCarthy JB, Li G, Li X, Xiang B. Significance of the NOR1-FOXA1/HDAC2-Slug regulatory network in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16745-59. [PMID: 26934447 PMCID: PMC4941348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is believed to play a crucial role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression, a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with the tendency to metastasize early. At present, much attention has been given to the inducer of EMT involved in NPC progression, while antagonists have been less intensively characterized. In this study, unbiased analysis of EMT-associated gene expression patterns was performed using data mining of global gene expression profiles derived from NPC samples, leading to the successful identification of NOR1, FOXA1, and Slug, all of which showed aberrant expression during NPC progression. The effect of tumor suppressor NOR1 on Slug-induced NPC cells during the EMT process was investigated by use of ectopic expression and RNA interference methods. The molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor-suppressing effect of NOR1 on Slug-induced EMT were thought to be dependent on the cooperation of NOR1 with the FOXA1-HDAC2 complex. We also showed that FOXA1 and HDAC2 bind the slug promoter and directly repress its transcription. Our data revealed a previously unrecognized role of the NOR1-FOXA1/HDAC2-Slug network in the regulation of the EMT process and aggressiveness of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, The Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, The Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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37
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Tveitarås MK, Reigstad I, Leiss L, Reed RK, Stuhr L. Single factors alone can induce mesenchymal-like morphology, but not promote full EMT in breast cancer cell lines with different hormone statuses. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Togami K, Yamaguchi K, Chono S, Tada H. Evaluation of permeability alteration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β1 in A549, NCI-H441, and Calu-3 cells: Development of an in vitro model of respiratory epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 86:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Milano DF, Natividad RJ, Saito Y, Luo CY, Muthuswamy SK, Asthagiri AR. Positive Quantitative Relationship between EMT and Contact-Initiated Sliding on Fiber-like Tracks. Biophys J 2017; 111:1569-1574. [PMID: 27705778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process by which cells acquire invasive properties that enable escape from the primary tumor. Complete EMT, however, is not required for metastasis: circulating tumor cells exhibit hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal states, and genetic perturbations promoting partial EMT induce metastasis in vivo. An open question is whether and to what extent intermediate stages of EMT promote invasiveness. Here, we investigate this question, building on recent observation of a new invasive property. Migrating cancer cell lines and cells transduced with prometastatic genes slide around other cells on spatially confined, fiberlike micropatterns. We show here that low-dosage/short-duration exposure to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induces partial EMT and enables sliding on narrower (26 μm) micropatterns than untreated counterparts (41 μm). High-dosage/long-duration exposure induces more complete EMT, including disrupted cell-cell contacts and reduced E-cadherin expression, and promotes sliding on the narrowest (15 μm) micropatterns. These results identify a direct and quantitative relationship between EMT and cell sliding and show that EMT-associated invasive sliding is progressive, with cells that undergo partial EMT exhibiting intermediate sliding behavior and cells that transition more completely through EMT displaying maximal sliding. Our findings suggest a model in which fiber maturation and EMT work synergistically to promote invasiveness during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Milano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Natividad
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasuhiro Saito
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Y Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anand R Asthagiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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40
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Baronsky T, Ruhlandt D, Brückner BR, Schäfer J, Karedla N, Isbaner S, Hähnel D, Gregor I, Enderlein J, Janshoff A, Chizhik AI. Cell-Substrate Dynamics of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3320-3326. [PMID: 28440076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological process of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows epithelial cells to enhance their migratory and invasive behavior and plays a key role in embryogenesis, fibrosis, wound healing, and metastasis. Among the multiple biochemical changes from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, the alteration of cellular dynamics in cell-cell as well as cell-substrate contacts is crucial. To determine these variations over the whole time scale of the EMT, we measure the cell-substrate distance of epithelial NMuMG cells during EMT using our newly established metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) microscopy, which allows one to achieve nanometer axial resolution. We show that, in the very first hours of the transition, the cell-substrate distance increases substantially, but later in the process after reaching the mesenchymal state, this distance is reduced again to the level of untreated cells. These findings relate to a change in the number of adhesion points and will help to better understand remodeling processes associated with wound healing, embryonic development, cancer progression, or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Baronsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen , Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daja Ruhlandt
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Rouven Brückner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen , Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schäfer
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen , Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Narain Karedla
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Isbaner
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hähnel
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Gregor
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen , Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexey I Chizhik
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Ma C, Wei F, Xia H, Liu H, Dong X, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Liu Y, Li Y. MicroRNA-10b mediates TGF-β1-regulated glioblastoma proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1739-1748. [PMID: 28393237 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that exaggerated proliferation, metastasis and the mesenchymal subtype is related with worst prognoses in glioblastoma (GBM) and that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent factor in regulating the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of GBM, the detailed mechanisms are still far from elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which play critical roles in various diseases by regulating target gene expression. We report that miR-10b, a molecule downstream of TGF-β1, is involved in TGF-β1-regulated GBM cell proliferation, migration and EMT. We found that exposure of GBM cells to TGF-β1 significantly upregulated miR-10b expression. Overexpression of miR-10b promotes GBM cell proliferation, migration and EMT, whereas depletion of miR-10b obtained reverse effects. Further studies uncovered that some tumor-associated genes including epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are target genes of miR-10b. In human GBM xenografts, antagomiR directed against miR-10b markedly suppressed tumor growth, and the tumor volume shrunk from 1252.5±285 to 873.4±205 mm3 after antagomiR‑10b treatment for 3 weeks compared with the control group (P<0.01). Taken together, our data collectively demonstrate that the proliferation, migration and EMT features of GBM cells can be regulated by TGF-β1 stimulation through controlling miR-10b. Thus, our findings provide a rationale for targeting TGF-β1 or miR-10b for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuechao Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of PLA, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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42
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Intracellular IL-37b interacts with Smad3 to suppress multiple signaling pathways and the metastatic phenotype of tumor cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:2889-2899. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Schaar A, Sukumaran P, Sun Y, Dhasarathy A, Singh BB. TRPC1-STIM1 activation modulates transforming growth factor β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80554-80567. [PMID: 27793015 PMCID: PMC5348340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is important for tumor metastasis. Although growth factors such as TGFβ and EGF have been shown to induce EMT in breast epithelial cells, the mechanism resulting in migration is not well understood. Herein, we provide evidence that Ca2+ entry into the cell, especially upon store-depletion, plays an important role in TGFβ-induced EMT by promoting cellular migration and potentially leading to metastasis. The increased migration by TGFβ in non-cancerous cells was due to the loss of E-cadherin along with a subsequent increase in N-cadherin levels. Importantly, TGFβ-treatment increases store-mediated Ca2+ entry, which was essential for the activation of calpain leading to the loss of E-cadherin and MMP activation. Inhibition of Ca2+ entry by using Ca2+ channel blocker SKF-96365, significantly decreased Ca2+ entry, decreased TGFβ-induced calpain activation, and suppressed the loss of E-cadherin along with inhibiting cell migration. Furthermore, TRPC1 function as an endogenous Ca2+ entry channel and silencing of either TRPC1 or its activator, STIM1, significantly decreased TGFβ induced Ca2+ entry, inhibited TGFβ-mediated calpain activation and cell migration. In contrast, overexpression of TRPC1 showed increased Ca2+ entry and promoted TGFβ-mediated cell migration. Moreover, increased TRPC1 expression was observed in ductal carcinoma cells. Together these results suggest that disrupting Ca2+ influx via TRPC1/STIM1 mechanism reduces calpain activity, which could restore intercellular junction proteins thereby inhibiting EMT induced motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schaar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Archana Dhasarathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
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44
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Hashimoto A, Hashimoto S, Sugino H, Yoshikawa A, Onodera Y, Handa H, Oikawa T, Sabe H. ZEB1 induces EPB41L5 in the cancer mesenchymal program that drives ARF6-based invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e259. [PMID: 27617643 PMCID: PMC5047961 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onset of the cancer mesenchymal program is closely associated with cancer malignancy and drug resistance. Among the different epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcriptional factors, ZEB1 has a key role in inducing the mesenchymal phenotypes and stem cell-like properties of different breast cancer cells. ARF6 and its effector AMAP1 are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer cells, and promote invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. EPB41L5 is induced during EMT, and mediates the disruption of E-cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion and the promotion of focal adhesion dynamics. Here we show that EPB41L5 is an integral component of the ARF6-based pathway, which is induced by ZEB1. We found that EPB41L5 is expressed at high levels in malignant breast cancer cells and binds to AMAP1. ZEB1 induced EPB41L5 both in cancer cells and normal cells. This relationship was recaptured with The Cancer Genome Atlas RNASeq data set, and correlated with the poor outcome of the patients. In contrast, diversified events, such as tumor growth factor β1 stimulation, expression of SNAI1 and TP53 mutation, can each cause the induction of ZEB1 and EPB41L5, depending on the cellular context. Our results demonstrated that the ZEB1-EPB41L5 axis is at the core of the cancer mesenchymal program that drives ARF6-based invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of significant populations of primary breast cancers, and is tightly correlated with the poor outcomes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Sugino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Y Onodera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Handa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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45
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Sun SH, Liu D, Deng YT, Zhang XX, Wan DY, Xi BX, Huang W, Chen Q, Li MC, Wang MW, Yang F, Shu P, Wu KZ, Gao QL. SIX1 coordinates with TGFβ signals to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1271-1278. [PMID: 27446426 PMCID: PMC4950046 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the key cofactors that modulate the signal transduction to induce EMT have note been fully explored to date. The present study reports that sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) is able to promote EMT of cervical cancer by coordinating with transforming growth factor (TGF)β-SMAD signals. The expression of SIX1 was negatively correlated with the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in two independent groups of cervical cancer specimens. SIX1 could promote the transition of mesenchymal phenotype in the presence of active TGFβ signals in vitro and in vivo. TGFβ-SMAD signals were required for the SIX1-mediated promotion of EMT and metastatic capacity of cervical cancer cells. Together, SIX1 and TGFβ cooperated to induce more remarkable changes in the transition of phenotype than each of them alone, and coordinated to promote cell motility and tumor metastasis in cervical cancer. These results suggest that the coordination of SIX1 and TGFβ signals may be crucial in the EMT program, and that SIX1/TGFβ may be considered a valuable marker for evaluating the metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells, or a therapeutic target in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Te Deng
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yi Wan
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Xin Xi
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Chen Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Ping Shu
- Department of Medical Records Room, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wu
- Department of Medical Records Room, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Lei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
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Zhang P, Yang X, Yin Q, Yi J, Shen W, Zhao L, Zhu Z, Liu J. Inhibition of SK4 Potassium Channels Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Migration and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154471. [PMID: 27124117 PMCID: PMC4849628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are limited; intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK4) channels are closely involved in tumor progression, but little is known about these channels in TNBC. We aimed to investigate whether SK4 channels affect TNBC. First, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB), increased SK4 protein expression in breast tumor tissues was detected relative to that in non-tumor breast tissues, but there was no apparent expression difference between various subtypes of breast cancer (p>0.05). Next, functional SK4 channels were detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 using WB, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and patch-clamp recording. By employing SK4 specific siRNAs and blockers, including TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, in combination with an MTT assay, a colony-formation assay, flow cytometry and a cell motility assay, we found that the suppression of SK4 channels significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (p<0.05). Further investigation revealed that treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to show increased SK4 mRNA expression. In addition, the down-regulation of SK4 expression inhibited the EMT markers Vimentin and Snail1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SK4 channels are expressed in TNBC and are involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT processes of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jilin Yi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhuang Shen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Flotillin-2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and is necessary for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9781-93. [PMID: 25909165 PMCID: PMC4496397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promotes cancer metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but the underlying mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. Flotillin-2 (Flot2), a specialized lipid raft domain in cellular membrane, was reported to promote cancer metastasis. Recently, in neuropathy, it was also suggested that Flot2 was involved in Src activation, which is known as the downstream signal of TGF-β. Therefore, we intended to find out the relationship between Flot2 and TGF-β in the process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. In this study, we found that Flot2 expression level positively correlated with the cancer stage in NPC tissues. Elevated Flot2 in tumor tissue was an independent prognostic marker, and higher Flot2 expression level showed shorter overall survival time in 181 NPC patients. In NPC cells, silencing Flot2 reversed the metastatic effect induced by TGF-β. Moreover, TGF-β-induced Src phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by Flot2 knocking down. As the consequence of Flot2 inhibition, the expression of the epithelial biomarker E-cadherin was upregulated, while the mesenchymal marker vimentin and signaling transducer β-catenin was suppressed. In conclusions, Flot2 is an indispensable member for TGF-β signaling, which is essential for the EMT process in NPC metastasis. Suppressing Flot2 may be a novel way against TGF-β-induced EMT.
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48
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Cheng H, Wang S, Feng R. STIM1 plays an important role in TGF-β-induced suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16866-78. [PMID: 26919241 PMCID: PMC4941356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) signaling is involved in cancer progression. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggers store-operated calcium channels to induce SOCE. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) influences a wide range of cellular behaviors, including cell proliferation. However, little is known about the relationship between calcium signaling and TGF-β signaling in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we found that TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and suppressed cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These effects were impaired by extracellular Ca2+ chelator EGTA or SOCE specific inhibitor SKF96365 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Treating MDA-MB-231 cells with TGF-β for 24 and 48 h markedly decreased STIM1 expression and thapsigargin-induced SOCE. A transcriptional inhibitor of STIM1, Wilm's tumor suppressor 1 (WT1), was upregulated in TGF-β-treated MDA-MB-231 cells, and knockdown of WT1 expression partially restored the TGF-β-induced downregulation of STIM1. Stably overexpressing STIM1 in MDA-MB-231 cells restored the TGF-β-induced effects. The p21 mRNA level increased in SKF96365- or TGF-β-treated MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas that for cyclin E1 decreased. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that STIM1 and SOCE are involved in the TGF-β-induced suppression of cell proliferation. Furthermore, our studies also provide a new approach to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation with small molecules targeting STIM1 and SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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49
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Reversible interconversion and maintenance of mammary epithelial cell characteristics by the ligand-regulated EGFR system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20209. [PMID: 26831618 PMCID: PMC4735799 DOI: 10.1038/srep20209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell plasticity is controlled by extracellular cues, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AREG) are high- and low-affinity ligands for EGF receptor (EGFR), respectively. EGFR signaling is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the activation of ERK and the induction of an EMT transcription factor, ZEB1. Here, we demonstrate that ligand-switching between EGF and AREG at equivalent molarity reversibly interconverts epithelial and mesenchymal-like states of EGFR signal-dependent mammary epithelial cells. The EGF- and AREG-cultured cells also differ in their epithelial characteristics, including the expression of cell surface markers, the mode of migration and the ability for acinus-formation. The ligand-switching between EGF and AREG temporally alters strength of the shared EGFR-ERK signaling. This alteration inverts relative expression levels of ZEB1 and its antagonizing microRNAs, miR-205 and miR-200c, those are critical determinants of the epithelial phenotype. Further, AREG-induced EGFR accumulation on the plasma membrane compensates for the weak association between AREG and EGFR. The EGFR dynamics enables AREG to support proliferation as efficiently as EGF at equivalent molarity and to maintain epithelial characteristics. Our findings reveal a role of EGFR ligands-generated signal strength in the regulation of mammary epithelial cell plasticity.
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50
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Valcourt U, Carthy J, Okita Y, Alcaraz L, Kato M, Thuault S, Bartholin L, Moustakas A. Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor β. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1344:147-81. [PMID: 26520123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2966-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of the cell biological process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been established via an exponentially growing number of reports. EMT has been documented during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression in vitro, in animal models in vivo and in human specimens. EMT relates to many molecular and cellular alterations that occur when epithelial cells undergo a switch in differentiation that generates mesenchymal-like cells with newly acquired migratory and invasive properties. In addition, EMT relates to a nuclear reprogramming similar to the one occurring in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Via such a process, EMT is gradually established to promote the generation and maintenance of adult tissue stem cells which under disease states such as cancer, are known as cancer stem cells. EMT is induced by developmental growth factors, oncogenes, radiation, and hypoxia. A prominent growth factor that causes EMT is transforming growth factor β (TGF-β).A series of molecular and cellular techniques can be applied to define and characterize the state of EMT in diverse biological samples. These methods range from DNA and RNA-based techniques that measure the expression of key EMT regulators and markers of epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation to functional assays of cell mobility, invasiveness and in vitro stemness. This chapter focuses on EMT induced by TGF-β and provides authoritative protocols and relevant reagents and citations of key publications aiming at assisting newcomers that enter this prolific area of biomedical sciences, and offering a useful reference tool to pioneers and aficionados of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Valcourt
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathon Carthy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukari Okita
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lindsay Alcaraz
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sylvie Thuault
- INSERM UMR 911 CRO2, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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