1
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Singer A, Ramos A, Keating AE. Elaboration of the Homer1 recognition landscape reveals incomplete divergence of paralogous EVH1 domains. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5094. [PMID: 38989636 PMCID: PMC11237882 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Short sequences that mediate interactions with modular binding domains are ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic proteomes. Networks of short linear motifs (SLiMs) and their corresponding binding domains orchestrate many cellular processes, and the low mutational barrier to evolving novel interactions provides a way for biological systems to rapidly sample selectable phenotypes. Mapping SLiM binding specificity and the rules that govern SLiM evolution is fundamental to uncovering the pathways regulated by these networks and developing the tools to manipulate them. We used high-throughput screening of the human proteome to identify sequences that bind to the Enabled/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) domain of the postsynaptic density scaffolding protein Homer1. This expanded our understanding of the determinants of Homer EVH1 binding preferences and defined a new motif that can facilitate the discovery of additional Homer-mediated interactions. Interestingly, the Homer1 EVH1 domain preferentially binds to sequences containing an N-terminally overlapping motif that is bound by the paralogous family of Ena/VASP actin polymerases, and many of these sequences can bind to EVH1 domains from both protein families. We provide evidence from orthologous EVH1 domains in pre-metazoan organisms that the overlap in human Ena/VASP and Homer binding preferences corresponds to an incomplete divergence from a common Ena/VASP ancestor. Given this overlap in binding profiles, promiscuous sequences that can be recognized by both families either achieve specificity through extrinsic regulatory strategies or may provide functional benefits via multi-specificity. This may explain why these paralogs incompletely diverged despite the accessibility of further diverged isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinoam Singer
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alejandra Ramos
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy E. Keating
- Department of BiologyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Vellucci L, De Simone G, Morley-Fletcher S, Buonaguro EF, Avagliano C, Barone A, Maccari S, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. Perinatal stress modulates glutamatergic functional connectivity: A post-synaptic density immediate early gene-based network analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111032. [PMID: 38762163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress may induce synaptic changes within brain regions associated with behavioral disorders. Here, we investigated glutamatergic functional connectivity by a postsynaptic density immediate-early gene-based network analysis. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups: one exposed to stress sessions and the other serving as a stress-free control group. Homer1 expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization technique in eighty-eight brain regions of interest of male rat offspring. Differences between the perinatal stress exposed group (PRS) (n = 5) and the control group (CTR) (n = 5) were assessed by performing the Student's t-test via SPSS 28.0.1.0 with Bonferroni correction. Additionally, all possible pairwise Spearman's correlations were computed as well as correlation matrices and networks for each experimental group were generated via RStudio and Cytoscape. Perinatal stress exposure was associated with Homer1a reduction in several cortical, thalamic, and striatal regions. Furthermore, it was found to affect functional connectivity between: the lateral septal nucleus, the central medial thalamic nucleus, the anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, and both retrosplenial granular b cortex and hippocampal regions; the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdaloid nuclei, and hippocampal regions; and lastly, among regions involved in limbic system. Finally, the PRS networks showed a significant reduction in multiple connections for the ventrolateral part of the anteroventral thalamic nucleus after perinatal stress exposure, as well as a decrease in the centrality of ventral anterior thalamic and amygdaloid nuclei suggestive of putative reduced cortical control over these regions. Within the present preclinical setting, perinatal stress exposure is a modifier of glutamatergic early gene-based functional connectivity in neuronal circuits involved in behaviors relevant to model neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000 Lille, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS, Neuromed, Rome, Italy and University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Lille, France
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Avagliano
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, F-59000 Lille, France; International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Perinatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases", Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS, Neuromed, Rome, Italy and University of Lille - CNRS, UMR 8576, Lille, France; Department of Science and Medical-Surgical Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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3
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Saint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Orai1/STIMs modulators in pulmonary vascular diseases. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102892. [PMID: 38735127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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4
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Zhang Z, Gao X, Tian Z, Yang E, Huang Y, Liu D, Dai S, Zhang H, Bao M, Jiang X, Li X, Luo P. Preso enhances mGluR1-mediated excitotoxicity by modulating the phosphorylation of mGluR1-Homer1 complex and facilitating an ER stress after traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:153. [PMID: 38531909 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptor (GluR)-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism causing delayed neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Preso, as a core scaffolding protein of postsynaptic density (PSD), is considered an important regulator during excitotoxicity and TBI and combines with glutamate receptors to form functional units for excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission, and elucidating the mechanisms of these functional units will provide new targets for the treatment of TBI. As a multidomain scaffolding protein, Preso directly interacts with metabotropic GluR (mGluR) and another scaffold protein, Homer. Because the mGluR-Homer complex plays a crucial role in TBI, modulation of this complex by Preso may be an important mechanism affecting the excitotoxic damage to neurons after TBI. Here, we demonstrate that Preso facilitates the interaction between metabotropic mGluR1 and Homer1 to activate mGluR1 signaling and cause excitotoxic neuronal injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after TBI. The regulatory effect of Preso on the mGluR1-Homer1 complex is dependent on the direct association between Preso and this complex and also involves the phosphorylation of the interactive binding sites of mGluR1 and Homer1 by Preso. Further studies confirmed that Preso, as an adaptor of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), promotes the phosphorylation of the Homer1-binding site on mGluR1 by CDK5 and thereby enhances the interaction between mGluR1 and Homer1. Preso can also promote the formation of the mGluR1-Homer1 complex by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Homer1 hinge region by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα). Based on these molecular mechanisms, we designed several blocking peptides targeting the interaction between Preso and the mGluR1-Homer1 complex and found that directly disrupting the association between mGluR1 and scaffolding proteins significantly promotes the recovery of motor function after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhicheng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erwan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yutao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingdong Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Gershon Z, Bonito-Oliva A, Kanke M, Terceros A, Rankin G, Fak J, Harada Y, Iannone AF, Gebremedhin M, Fabella B, De Marco Garcia NV, Sethupathy P, Rajasethupathy P. Genetic mapping identifies Homer1 as a developmental modifier of attention. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.17.533136. [PMID: 36993710 PMCID: PMC10055164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Attention is required for most higher-order cognitive functions. Prior studies have revealed functional roles for the prefrontal cortex and its extended circuits to enabling attention, but the underlying molecular processes and their impacts on cellular and circuit function remain poorly understood. To develop insights, we here took an unbiased forward genetics approach to identify single genes of large effect on attention. We studied 200 genetically diverse mice on measures of pre-attentive processing and through genetic mapping identified a small locus on chromosome 13 (95%CI: 92.22-94.09 Mb) driving substantial variation (19%) in this trait. Further characterization of the locus revealed a causative gene, Homer1, encoding a synaptic protein, where down-regulation of its short isoforms in prefrontal cortex (PFC) during early postnatal development led to improvements in multiple measures of attention in the adult. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that prefrontal Homer1 down-regulation is associated with GABAergic receptor up-regulation in those same cells. This enhanced inhibitory influence, together with dynamic neuromodulatory coupling, led to strikingly low PFC activity at baseline periods of the task but targeted elevations at cue onset, predicting short-latency correct choices. Notably high-Homer1, low-attentional performers, exhibited uniformly elevated PFC activity throughout the task. We thus identify a single gene of large effect on attention - Homer1 - and find that it improves prefrontal inhibitory tone and signal-to-noise (SNR) to enhance attentional performance. A therapeutic strategy focused on reducing prefrontal activity and increasing SNR, rather than uniformly elevating PFC activity, may complement the use of stimulants to improve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gershon
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | | | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Andrea Terceros
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Genelle Rankin
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - John Fak
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Yujin Harada
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Andrew F. Iannone
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell; New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Millennium Gebremedhin
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Brian Fabella
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Priya Rajasethupathy
- Laboratory of Neural Dynamics & Cognition, Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065 USA
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6
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Chen L, Shan X, Wan X, Zha W, Fan R. HOMER3 promotes liver hepatocellular carcinoma cancer progression by -upregulating EZH2 and mediating miR-361/GPNMB axis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155150. [PMID: 38266459 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is among the most lethal human cancers. Studies have shown that Homer scaffold protein 3 (HOMER3) plays important roles in various diseases and cancers, but its biological function and molecular mechanism in LIHC have never been investigated. Our study discovered the aberrantly high expression of HOMER3 and its promising diagnostic and prognostic significance in LIHC. Functionally, HOMER3 knockdown inhibited the proliferative and migrative abilities of LIHC cells and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, HOMER3 mediated the aggressiveness of LIHC cells via GPNMB. Meanwhile, miR-361 directly targeted GPNMB and attenuated LIHC progression by suppressing GPNMB expression. The regulatory effect of HOMER3 during LIHC progression was exerted through the miR-361/GPNMB axis. Furthermore, EZH2 supplementation or miR-361 depletion effectively abated the tumor-suppressive effect of HOMER3 knockdown on LIHC progression. In conclusion, HOMER3 mediated LIHC progression through the EZH2/miR-361/GPNMB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Medical College of Nantong University, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- Department of General Surgery, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China
| | - Rengen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, China.
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7
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Joseph J, Mathew J, Alexander J. Scaffold Proteins in Autoimmune Disorders. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:14-26. [PMID: 37670692 DOI: 10.2174/1573397119666230904151024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cells transmit information to the external environment and within themselves through signaling molecules that modulate cellular activities. Aberrant cell signaling disturbs cellular homeostasis causing a number of different diseases, including autoimmunity. Scaffold proteins, as the name suggests, serve as the anchor for binding and stabilizing signaling proteins at a particular locale, allowing both intra and intercellular signal amplification and effective signal transmission. Scaffold proteins play a critical role in the functioning of tight junctions present at the intersection of two cells. In addition, they also participate in cleavage formation during cytokinesis, and in the organization of neural synapses, and modulate receptor management outcomes. In autoimmune settings such as lupus, scaffold proteins can lower the cell activation threshold resulting in uncontrolled signaling and hyperactivity. Scaffold proteins, through their binding domains, mediate protein- protein interaction and play numerous roles in cellular communication and homeostasis. This review presents an overview of scaffold proteins, their influence on the different signaling pathways, and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and auto inflammatory diseases. Since these proteins participate in many roles and interact with several other signaling pathways, it is necessary to gain a thorough understanding of these proteins and their nuances to facilitate effective target identification and therapeutic design for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josna Joseph
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, CMC Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, CMC Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jessy Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, New York, USA
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8
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Micheva KD, Gong B, Collman F, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Trimmer JS, Murray KD. Developing a Toolbox of Antibodies Validated for Array Tomography-Based Imaging of Brain Synapses. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0290-23.2023. [PMID: 37945352 PMCID: PMC10748464 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0290-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody (Ab)-based imaging techniques rely on reagents whose performance may be application specific. Because commercial antibodies are validated for only a few purposes, users interested in other applications may have to perform extensive in-house antibody testing. Here, we present a novel application-specific proxy screening step to efficiently identify candidate antibodies for array tomography (AT), a serial section volume microscopy technique for high-dimensional quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome. To identify antibodies suitable for AT-based analysis of synapses in mammalian brain, we introduce a heterologous cell-based assay that simulates characteristic features of AT, such as chemical fixation and resin embedding that are likely to influence antibody binding. The assay was included into an initial screening strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for AT. This approach simplifies the screening of candidate antibodies and has high predictive value for identifying antibodies suitable for AT analyses. In addition, we have created a comprehensive database of AT-validated antibodies with a neuroscience focus and show that these antibodies have a high likelihood of success for postembedding applications in general, including immunogold electron microscopy. The generation of a large and growing toolbox of AT-compatible antibodies will further enhance the value of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D Micheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
| | | | - Richard J Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514, NC
| | | | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, 95618, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, 95618, CA
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9
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Ford K, Zuin E, Righelli D, Medina E, Schoch H, Singletary K, Muheim C, Frank MG, Hicks SC, Risso D, Peixoto L. A Global Transcriptional Atlas of the Effect of Sleep Deprivation in the Mouse Frontal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569011. [PMID: 38076891 PMCID: PMC10705260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has negative effects on brain function. Sleep problems are prevalent in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the molecular consequences of SD is of fundamental importance in neuroscience. In this study, we present the first simultaneous bulk and single-nuclear (sn)RNA sequencing characterization of the effects of SD in the mouse frontal cortex. We show that SD predominantly affects glutamatergic neurons, specifically in layers 4 and 5, and produces isoform switching of thousands of transcripts. At both the global and cell-type specific level, SD has a large repressive effect on transcription, down-regulating thousands of genes and transcripts; underscoring the importance of accounting for the effects of sleep loss in transcriptome studies of brain function. As a resource we provide extensive characterizations of cell types, genes, transcripts and pathways affected by SD; as well as tutorials for data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Ford
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Elena Zuin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Righelli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Christine Muheim
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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10
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Micheva KD, Gong B, Collman F, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Trimmer JS, Murray KD. Developing a Toolbox of Antibodies Validated for Array Tomography-Based Imaging of Brain Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546920. [PMID: 37425759 PMCID: PMC10327040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based imaging techniques rely on reagents whose performance may be application-specific. Because commercial antibodies are validated for only a few purposes, users interested in other applications may have to perform extensive in-house antibody testing. Here we present a novel application-specific proxy screening step to efficiently identify candidate antibodies for array tomography (AT), a serial section volume microscopy technique for high-dimensional quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome. To identify antibodies suitable for AT-based analysis of synapses in mammalian brain, we introduce a heterologous cell-based assay that simulates characteristic features of AT, such as chemical fixation and resin embedding that are likely to influence antibody binding. The assay was included into an initial screening strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for AT. This approach simplifies the screening of candidate antibodies and has high predictive value for identifying antibodies suitable for AT analyses. In addition, we have created a comprehensive database of AT-validated antibodies with a neuroscience focus and show that these antibodies have a high likelihood of success for postembedding applications in general, including immunogold electron microscopy. The generation of a large and growing toolbox of AT-compatible antibodies will further enhance the value of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. Micheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | | | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - James S. Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Karl D. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
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11
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Yang AJT, Mohammad A, Finch MS, Tsiani E, Spencer G, Necakov A, MacPherson REK. Influence of metabolic stress and metformin on synaptic protein profile in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:10.14814/phy2.15852. [PMID: 38010200 PMCID: PMC10680579 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with reductions in neuronal proteins often observed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, the mechanisms through which IR promotes neurodegeneration/AD pathogenesis are poorly understood. Metformin (MET), a potent activator of the metabolic regulator AMPK is used to treat IR but its effectiveness for AD is unclear. We have previously shown that chronic AMPK activation impairs neurite growth and protein synthesis in SH-SY5Y neurons, however, AMPK activation in IR was not explored. Therefore, we examined the effects of MET-driven AMPK activation with and without IR. Retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons were treated with: (1) Ctl: 24 h vehicle followed by 24 h Vehicle; (2) HI: 100 nM insulin (24 h HI followed by 24 h HI); or (3) MET: 24 h vehicle followed by 24 h 2 mM metformin; (4) HI/MET: 24 h 100 nM insulin followed by 24 h 100 nM INS+2 mM MET. INS and INS/MET groups saw impairments in markers of insulin signaling (Akt S473, mTOR S2448, p70s6k T389, and IRS-1S636) demonstrating IR was not recovered with MET treatment. All treatment groups showed reductions in neuronal markers (post-synaptic marker HOMER1 mRNA content and synapse marker synaptophysin protein content). INS and MET treatments showed a reduction in the content of the mature neuronal marker NeuN that was prevented by INS/MET. Similarly, increases in cell size/area, neurite length/area observed with INS and MET, were prevented with INS/MET. These findings indicate that IR and MET impair neuronal markers through distinct pathways and suggest that MET is ineffective in treating IR-driven impairments in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. T. Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Michael S. Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Gaynor Spencer
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Department of Biological SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for NeuroscienceBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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12
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Gastélum-López MDLÁ, Aguilar-Medina M, García Mata C, López-Gutiérrez J, Romero-Quintana G, Bermúdez M, Avendaño-Felix M, López-Camarillo C, Pérez-Plascencia C, Beltrán AS, Ramos-Payán R. Organotypic 3D Cell-Architecture Impacts the Expression Pattern of miRNAs-mRNAs Network in Breast Cancer SKBR3 Cells. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37987362 PMCID: PMC10661268 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, most of the research on breast cancer has been carried out in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures due to its practical benefits, however, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is becoming the model of choice in cancer research because it allows cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, mimicking the native microenvironment of tumors in vivo. METHODS In this work, we evaluated the effect of 3D cell organization on the expression pattern of miRNAs (by Small-RNAseq) and mRNAs (by microarrays) in the breast cancer SKBR3 cell line and analyzed the biological processes and signaling pathways regulated by the differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DE-mRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-microRNAs) found in the organoids. RESULTS We obtained well-defined cell-aggregated organoids with a grape cluster-like morphology with a size up to 9.2 × 105 μm3. The transcriptomic assays showed that cell growth in organoids significantly affected (all p < 0.01) the gene expression patterns of both miRNAs, and mRNAs, finding 20 upregulated and 19 downregulated DE-microRNAs, as well as 49 upregulated and 123 downregulated DE-mRNAs. In silico analysis showed that a subset of 11 upregulated DE-microRNAs target 70 downregulated DE-mRNAs. These genes are involved in 150 gene ontology (GO) biological processes such as regulation of cell morphogenesis, regulation of cell shape, regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, morphogenesis of epithelium, regulation of cytoskeleton organization, as well as in the MAPK and AGE-RAGE signaling KEGG-pathways. Interestingly, hsa-mir-122-5p (Fold Change (FC) = 15.4), hsa-mir-369-3p (FC = 11.4), and hsa-mir-10b-5p (FC = 20.1) regulated up to 81% of the 70 downregulated DE-mRNAs. CONCLUSION The organotypic 3D cell-organization architecture of breast cancer SKBR3 cells impacts the expression pattern of the miRNAs-mRNAs network mainly through overexpression of hsa-mir-122-5p, hsa-mir-369-3p, and hsa-mir-10b-5p. All these findings suggest that the interaction between cell-cell and cell-ECM as well as the change in the culture architecture impacts gene expression, and, therefore, support the pertinence of migrating breast cancer research from conventional cultures to 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Gastélum-López
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Cristina García Mata
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Jorge López-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Geovanni Romero-Quintana
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Av. Escorza No. 900, Centro, Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Felix
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Postgraduate in Genomic Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico City, San Lorenzo 290, Col del Valle, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plascencia
- National Cancer Institute, Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Sec. 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. de los Barrios S/N, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Adriana S Beltrán
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payán
- Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez s/n y Avenida de las Américas, Culiacan 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico (M.A.-M.); (G.R.-Q.); (M.A.-F.)
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Castelli V, Lavanco G, D’Amico C, Feo S, Tringali G, Kuchar M, Cannizzaro C, Brancato A. CBD enhances the cognitive score of adolescent rats prenatally exposed to THC and fine-tunes relevant effectors of hippocampal plasticity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237485. [PMID: 37583903 PMCID: PMC10424934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An altered neurodevelopmental trajectory associated with prenatal exposure to ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) leads to aberrant cognitive processing through a perturbation in the effectors of hippocampal plasticity in the juvenile offspring. As adolescence presents a unique window of opportunity for "brain reprogramming", we aimed at assessing the role of the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) as a rescue strategy to temper prenatal THC-induced harm. Methods: To this aim, Wistar rats prenatally exposed to THC (2 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle (gestational days 5-20) were tested for specific indexes of spatial and configural memory in the reinforcement-motivated Can test and in the aversion-driven Barnes maze test during adolescence. Markers of hippocampal excitatory plasticity and endocannabinoid signaling-NMDAR subunits NR1 and 2A-, mGluR5-, and their respective scaffold proteins PSD95- and Homer 1-; CB1R- and the neuromodulatory protein HINT1 mRNA levels were evaluated. CBD (40 mg/kg i.p.) was administered to the adolescent offspring before the cognitive tasks. Results: The present results show that prenatal THC impairs hippocampal memory functions and the underlying synaptic plasticity; CBD is able to mitigate cognitive impairment in both reinforcement- and aversion-related tasks and the neuroadaptation of hippocampal excitatory synapses and CB1R-related signaling. Discussion: While this research shows CBD potential in dampening prenatal THC-induced consequences, we point out the urgency to curb cannabis use during pregnancy in order to avoid detrimental bio-behavioral outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Castelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare D’Amico
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies and ATEN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies and ATEN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Krüssel S, Deb I, Son S, Ewall G, Chang M, Lee HK, do Heo W, Kwon HB. Exuberant de novo dendritic spine growth in mature neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.550095. [PMID: 37546796 PMCID: PMC10401948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.550095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are structural correlates of excitatory synapses maintaining stable synaptic communications. However, this strong spine-synapse relationship was mainly characterized in excitatory pyramidal neurons (PyNs), raising a possibility that inferring synaptic density from dendritic spine number may not be universally applied to all neuronal types. Here we found that the ectopic expression of H-Ras increased dendritic spine numbers regardless of cortical cell types such as layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PyNs), parvalbumin (PV)- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-positive interneurons (INs) in the primary motor cortex (M1). The probability of detecting dendritic spines was positively correlated with the magnitude of H-Ras activity, suggesting elevated local H-Ras activity is involved in the process of dendritic spine formation. H-Ras overexpression caused high spine turnover rate via adding more spines rather than eliminating them. Two-photon photolysis of glutamate triggered de novo dendritic spine formation in mature neurons, suggesting H-Ras induced spine formation is not restricted to the early development. In PyNs and PV-INs, but not VIP-INs, we observed a shift in average spine neck length towards longer filopodia-like phenotypes. The portion of dendritic spines lacking key excitatory synaptic proteins were significantly increased in H-Ras transfected neurons, suggesting that these increased spines have other distinct functions. High spine density caused by H-Ras did not result in change in the frequency or the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Thus, our results propose that dendritic spines possess more multifaceted functions beyond the morphological proxy of excitatory synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Krüssel
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ishana Deb
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seungkyu Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabrielle Ewall
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Minhyeok Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Zanvyl-Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Won do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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15
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Chung IH, Huang YS, Fang TH, Chen CH. Whole Genome Sequencing Revealed Inherited Rare Oligogenic Variants Contributing to Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder in Two Families. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11777. [PMID: 37511534 PMCID: PMC10380944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and affective disorder are two major complex mental disorders with high heritability. Evidence shows that rare variants with significant clinical impacts contribute to the genetic liability of these two disorders. Also, rare variants associated with schizophrenia and affective disorders are highly personalized; each patient may carry different variants. We used whole genome sequencing analysis to study the genetic basis of two families with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We did not detect de novo, autosomal dominant, or recessive pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with psychiatric disorders in these two families. Nevertheless, we identified multiple rare inherited variants with unknown significance in the probands. In family 1, with singleton schizophrenia, we detected four rare variants in genes implicated in schizophrenia, including p.Arg1627Trp of LAMA2, p.Pro1338Ser of CSMD1, p.Arg691Gly of TLR4, and Arg182X of AGTR2. The p.Arg691Gly of TLR4 was inherited from the father, while the other three were inherited from the mother. In family 2, with two affected sisters diagnosed with major depressive disorder, we detected three rare variants shared by the two sisters in three genes implicated in affective disorders, including p.Ala4551Gly of FAT1, p.Val231Leu of HOMER3, and p.Ile185Met of GPM6B. These three rare variants were assumed to be inherited from their parents. Prompted by these findings, we suggest that these rare inherited variants may interact with each other and lead to psychiatric conditions in these two families. Our observations support the conclusion that inherited rare variants may contribute to the heritability of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hang Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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16
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Vaché C, Cubedo N, Mansard L, Sarniguet J, Baux D, Faugère V, Baudoin C, Moclyn M, Touraine R, Lina-Granade G, Cossée M, Bergougnoux A, Kalatzis V, Rossel M, Roux AF. Identification and in vivo functional investigation of a HOMER2 nonstop variant causing hearing loss. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:834-840. [PMID: 37173411 PMCID: PMC10326047 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DFNA68 is a rare subtype of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing impairment caused by heterozygous alterations in the HOMER2 gene. To date, only 5 pathogenic or likely pathogenic coding variants, including two missense substitutions (c.188 C > T and c.587 G > C), a single base pair duplication (c.840dupC) and two short deletions (c.592_597delACCACA and c.832_836delCCTCA) have been described in 5 families. In this study, we report a novel HOMER2 variation, identified by massively parallel sequencing, in a Sicilian family suffering from progressive dominant hearing loss over 3 generations. This novel alteration is a nonstop substitution (c.1064 A > G) that converts the translational termination codon (TAG) of the gene into a tryptophan codon (TGG) and is predicted to extend the HOMER2 protein by 10 amino acids. RNA analyses from the proband suggested that HOMER2 transcripts carrying the nonstop variant escaped the non-stop decay pathway. Finally, in vivo studies using a zebrafish animal model and behavioral tests clearly established the deleterious impact of this novel HOMER2 alteration on hearing function. This study identifies the fourth causal variation responsible for DFNA68 and describes a simple in vivo approach to assess the pathogenicity of candidate HOMER2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vaché
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nicolas Cubedo
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luke Mansard
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Baux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Faugère
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Baudoin
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Melody Moclyn
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Department of Genetics, CHU Hopital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Geneviève Lina-Granade
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bergougnoux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anne-Françoise Roux
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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17
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Woelfle S, Deshpande D, Feldengut S, Braak H, Del Tredici K, Roselli F, Deisseroth K, Michaelis J, Boeckers TM, Schön M. CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long-term archived human brain tissue. BMC Biol 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37221592 PMCID: PMC10207789 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post mortem human brain tissue is an essential resource to study cell types, connectivity as well as subcellular structures down to the molecular setup of the central nervous system especially with respect to the plethora of brain diseases. A key method is immunostaining with fluorescent dyes, which allows high-resolution imaging in three dimensions of multiple structures simultaneously. Although there are large collections of formalin-fixed brains, research is often limited because several conditions arise that complicate the use of human brain tissue for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this study, we developed a clearing approach for immunofluorescence-based analysis of perfusion- and immersion-fixed post mortem human brain tissue, termed human Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging / Immunostaining / In situ hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (hCLARITY). hCLARITY is optimized for specificity by reducing off-target labeling and yields very sensitive stainings in human brain sections allowing for super-resolution microscopy with unprecedented imaging of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease were preserved with hCLARITY, and importantly classical 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or Nissl stainings are compatible with this protocol. hCLARITY is very versatile as demonstrated by the use of more than 30 well performing antibodies and allows for de- and subsequent re-staining of the same tissue section, which is important for multi-labeling approaches, e.g., in super-resolution microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, hCLARITY enables research of the human brain with high sensitivity and down to sub-diffraction resolution. It therefore has enormous potential for the investigation of local morphological changes, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, IGradU, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dhruva Deshpande
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Simone Feldengut
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Braak
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kelly Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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18
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Prenatal Exposure to Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Affects Hippocampus-Related Cognitive Functions in the Adolescent Rat Offspring: Focus on Specific Markers of Neuroplasticity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020692. [PMID: 36840014 PMCID: PMC9963541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to THC (pTHC) derails the neurodevelopmental trajectories towards a vulnerable phenotype for impaired emotional regulation and limbic memory. Here we aimed to investigate pTHC effect on hippocampus-related cognitive functions and markers of neuroplasticity in adolescent male offspring. Wistar rats were exposed to THC (2 mg/kg) from gestational day 5 to 20 and tested for spatial memory, object recognition memory and reversal learning in the reinforce-motivated Can test and in the aversion-driven Barnes maze test; locomotor activity and exploration, anxiety-like behaviour, and response to natural reward were assessed in the open field, elevated plus maze, and sucrose preference tests, respectively. The gene expression levels of NMDA NR1-2A subunits, mGluR5, and their respective scaffold proteins PSD95 and Homer1, as well as CB1R and the neuromodulatory protein HINT1, were measured in the hippocampus. pTHC offspring exhibited deficits in spatial and object recognition memory and reversal learning, increased locomotor activity, increased NR1-, decreased NR2A- and PSD95-, increased mGluR5- and Homer1-, and augmented CB1R- and HINT1-hippocampal mRNA levels. Our data shows that pTHC is associated with specific impairment in spatial cognitive processing and effectors of hippocampal neuroplasticity and suggests novel targets for future pharmacological challenges.
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Holter KM, Pierce BE, Gould RW. Metabotropic glutamate receptor function and regulation of sleep-wake cycles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:93-175. [PMID: 36868636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are the most abundant family of G-protein coupled receptors and are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in glutamate homeostasis, including dysregulations in mGlu receptor function, have been indicated as key contributors to multiple CNS disorders. Fluctuations in mGlu receptor expression and function also occur across diurnal sleep-wake cycles. Sleep disturbances including insomnia are frequently comorbid with neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative conditions. These often precede behavioral symptoms and/or correlate with symptom severity and relapse. Chronic sleep disturbances may also be a consequence of primary symptom progression and can exacerbate neurodegeneration in disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, there is a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and CNS disorders; disrupted sleep may serve as both a cause and a consequence of the disorder. Importantly, comorbid sleep disturbances are rarely a direct target of primary pharmacological treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders even though improving sleep can positively impact other symptom clusters. This chapter details known roles of mGlu receptor subtypes in both sleep-wake regulation and CNS disorders focusing on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, AD, and substance use disorder (cocaine and opioid). In this chapter, preclinical electrophysiological, genetic, and pharmacological studies are described, and, when possible, human genetic, imaging, and post-mortem studies are also discussed. In addition to reviewing the important relationships between sleep, mGlu receptors, and CNS disorders, this chapter highlights the development of selective mGlu receptor ligands that hold promise for improving both primary symptoms and sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Holter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany E Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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20
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Sirago G, Pellegrino MA, Bottinelli R, Franchi MV, Narici MV. Loss of neuromuscular junction integrity and muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle disuse. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101810. [PMID: 36471545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) is a major risk factor of chronic diseases. A major aspect of PI is loss of muscle mass and strength. The latter phenomenon significantly impacts daily life and represent a major issue for global health. Understandably, skeletal muscle itself has been the major focus of studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying loss of mass and strength. Relatively lesser attention has been given to the contribution of alterations in somatomotor control, despite the fact that these changes can start very early and can occur at multiple levels, from the cortex down to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). It is well known that exposure to chronic inactivity or immobilization causes a disproportionate loss of force compared to muscle mass, i.e. a loss of specific or intrinsic whole muscle force. The latter phenomenon may be partially explained by the loss of specific force of individual muscle fibres, but several other players are very likely to contribute to such detrimental phenomenon. Irrespective of the length of the disuse period, the loss of force is, in fact, more than two-fold greater than that of muscle size. It is very likely that somatomotor alterations may contribute to this loss in intrinsic muscle force. Here we review evidence that alterations of one component of somatomotor control, namely the neuromuscular junction, occur in disuse. We also discuss some of the novel players in NMJ stability (e.g., homer, bassoon, pannexin) and the importance of new established and emerging molecular markers of neurodegenerative processes in humans such as agrin, neural-cell adhesion molecule and light-chain neurofilaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Maria A Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco V Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy; CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
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21
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Aberrant ventral dentate gyrus structure and function in trauma susceptible mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:502. [PMID: 36473832 PMCID: PMC9723770 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder vulnerable individuals can develop following a traumatic event, whereas others are resilient. Enhanced insight into the mechanistic underpinnings contributing to these inter-individual differences in trauma susceptibility is key to improved treatment and prevention. Aberrant function of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) may contribute to its psychopathology, with the dorsal DG potentially encoding trauma memory generalization and the ventral DG anxiety. Using a mouse model, we hypothesized that susceptibility to develop PTSD-like symptoms following trauma will be underpinned by aberrant DG structure and function. Mice were exposed to a traumatic event (unpredictable, inescapable foot shocks) and tested for PTSD-like symptomatology following recovery. In four independent experiments, DG neuronal morphology, synaptic protein gene and protein expression, and neuronal activity during trauma encoding and recall were assessed. Behaviorally, trauma-susceptible animals displayed increased anxiety-like behavior already prior to trauma, increased novelty-induced freezing, but no clear differences in remote trauma memory recall. Comparison of the ventral DG of trauma susceptible vs resilient mice revealed lower spine density, reduced expression of the postsynaptic protein homer1b/c gene and protein, a larger population of neurons active during trauma encoding, and a greater presence of somatostatin neurons. In contrast, the dorsal DG of trauma-susceptible animals did not differ in terms of spine density or gene expression but displayed more active neurons during trauma encoding and a lower amount of somatostatin neurons. Collectively, we here report on specific structural and functional changes in the ventral DG in trauma susceptible male mice.
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22
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Xu Q, Rydz C, Nguyen Huu VA, Rocha L, Palomino La Torre C, Lee I, Cho W, Jabari M, Donello J, Lyon DC, Brooke RT, Horvath S, Weinreb RN, Ju W, Foik A, Skowronska‐Krawczyk D. Stress induced aging in mouse eye. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13737. [PMID: 36397653 PMCID: PMC9741506 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, a universal process that affects all cells in an organism, is a major risk factor for a group of neuropathies called glaucoma, where elevated intraocular pressure is one of the known stresses affecting the tissue. Our understanding of molecular impact of aging on response to stress in retina is very limited; therefore, we developed a new mouse model to approach this question experimentally. Here we show that susceptibility to response to stress increases with age and is primed on chromatin level. We demonstrate that ocular hypertension activates a stress response that is similar to natural aging and involves activation of inflammation and senescence. We show that multiple instances of pressure elevation cause aging of young retina as measured on transcriptional and DNA methylation level and are accompanied by local histone modification changes. Our data show that repeated stress accelerates appearance of aging features in tissues and suggest chromatin modifications as the key molecular components of aging. Lastly, our work further emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention as well as age-specific management of age-related diseases, including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cezary Rydz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lorena Rocha
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Claudia Palomino La Torre
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Irene Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Cho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary Jabari
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Donello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Lyon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Steve Horvath
- Epigenetic Clock Development FoundationTorranceCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Won‐Kyu Ju
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrzej Foik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA,International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Dorota Skowronska‐Krawczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Schubert M, Pelz A, Trautmann G, Block K, Furlan S, Gutsmann M, Kohler S, Volpe P, Blottner D, Meisel A, Salanova M. Opposite Regulation of Homer Signal at the NMJ Postsynaptic Micro Domain between Slow- and Fast-Twitch Muscles in an Experimentally Induced Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315052. [PMID: 36499379 PMCID: PMC9738765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated postsynaptic remodelling and disturbance of neuromuscular transmission are common features of autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases. Homer protein isoform expression, crosslinking activity and neuromuscular subcellular localisation are studied in mouse hind limb muscles of an experimentally induced autoimmune model of Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) and correlated to motor end plate integrity. Soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and gastrocnemius (GAS) skeletal muscles are investigated. nAChR membrane clusters were studied to monitor neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. Fibre-type cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis is carried out in order to determine the extent of muscle atrophy. Our findings clearly showed that crosslinking activity of Homer long forms (Homer 1b/c and Homer2a/b) are decreased in slow-twitch and increased in fast-twitch muscle of EAMG whereas the short form of Homer that disrupts Homer crosslinking (Homer1a) is upregulated in slow-twitch muscle only. Densitometry analysis showed a 125% increase in Homer protein expression in EDL, and a 45% decrease in SOL of EAMG mice. In contrast, nAChR fluorescence pixel intensity decreased in endplates of EAMG mice, more distinct in type-I dominant SOL muscle. Morphometric CSA of EAMG vs. control (CTR) revealed a significant reduction in EDL but not in GAS and SOL. Taken together, these results indicate that postsynaptic Homer signalling is impaired in slow-twitch SOL muscle from EAMG mice and provide compelling evidence suggesting a functional coupling between Homer and nAChR, underscoring the key role of Homer in skeletal muscle neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schubert
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pelz
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabor Trautmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Block
- Center of Space Medicine Berlin, Neuromuscular Signaling and System, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Furlan
- C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gutsmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siegfried Kohler
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Center of Space Medicine Berlin, Neuromuscular Signaling and System, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Salanova
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Center of Space Medicine Berlin, Neuromuscular Signaling and System, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450528-354
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Plumbly W, Patikas N, Field SF, Foskolou S, Metzakopian E. Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100341. [PMID: 36452863 PMCID: PMC9701618 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), those used to produce sensory neurons remain difficult to replicate and result in heterogenous populations. There is a growing clinical burden of chronic pain conditions, highlighting the need for relevant human cellular models. This study presents a hybrid differentiation method to produce nociceptive sensory neurons from hPSCs. Lines harboring an inducible NEUROG2 construct were patterned toward precursors with small molecules followed by NEUROG2 overexpression. Neurons expressed key markers, including BRN3A and ISL1, with single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing populations of nociceptors expressing SCN9A and TRP channels. Physiological profiling with multi-electrode arrays revealed that neurons responded to noxious stimuli, including capsaicin. Finally, we modeled pain-like states to identify genes and pathways involved in pain transduction. This study presents an optimized method to efficiently produce nociceptive sensory neurons and provides a tool to aid development of chronic pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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25
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Postsynaptic Proteins at Excitatory Synapses in the Brain—Relationship with Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911423. [PMID: 36232725 PMCID: PMC9569598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders (DDs) are an increasingly common health problem that affects all age groups. DDs pathogenesis is multifactorial. However, it was proven that stress is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of these conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the glutamatergic system in the context of pharmacotherapy of DDs. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the functioning of excitatory synapses in pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders (including DDs). This knowledge may lead to the description of new mechanisms of depression and indicate new potential targets for the pharmacotherapy of illness. An excitatory synapse is a highly complex and very dynamic structure, containing a vast number of proteins. This review aimed to discuss in detail the role of the key postsynaptic proteins (e.g., NMDAR, AMPAR, mGluR5, PSD-95, Homer, NOS etc.) in the excitatory synapse and to systematize the knowledge about changes that occur in the clinical course of depression and after antidepressant treatment. In addition, a discussion on the potential use of ligands and/or modulators of postsynaptic proteins at the excitatory synapse has been presented.
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26
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Costa RO, Martins LF, Tahiri E, Duarte CB. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced regulation of RNA metabolism in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1713. [PMID: 35075821 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the nervous system, including in neuronal development, in long-term synaptic potentiation in different brain regions, and in neuronal survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms account for several diseases of the nervous system. The synaptic effects of BDNF mediated by activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors are partly mediated by stimulation of local protein synthesis which is now considered a ubiquitous feature in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuron. The capacity to locally synthesize proteins is of great relevance at several neuronal developmental stages, including during neurite development, synapse formation, and stabilization. The available evidence shows that the effects of BDNF-TrkB signaling on local protein synthesis regulate the structure and function of the developing and mature synapses. While a large number of studies have illustrated a wide range of effects of BDNF on the postsynaptic proteome, a growing number of studies also point to presynaptic effects of the neurotrophin in the local regulation of the protein composition at the presynaptic level. Here, we will review the latest evidence on the role of BDNF in local protein synthesis, comparing the effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments. Additionally, we overview the relevance of BDNF-associated local protein synthesis in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, and their relevance in terms of disease. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui O Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuel Tahiri
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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mGluR5 PAMs rescue cortical and behavioural defects in a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 48:877-886. [PMID: 35945276 PMCID: PMC10156697 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a devastating rare neurodevelopmental disease without a cure, caused by mutations of the serine/threonine kinase CDKL5 highly expressed in the forebrain. CDD is characterized by early-onset seizures, severe intellectual disabilities, autistic-like traits, sensorimotor and cortical visual impairments (CVI). The lack of an effective therapeutic strategy for CDD urgently demands the identification of novel druggable targets potentially relevant for CDD pathophysiology. To this aim, we studied Class I metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5) because of their important role in the neuropathological signs produced by the lack of CDKL5 in-vivo, such as defective synaptogenesis, dendritic spines formation/maturation, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Importantly, mGluR5 function strictly depends on the correct expression of the postsynaptic protein Homer1bc that we previously found atypical in the cerebral cortex of Cdkl5-/y mice. In this study, we reveal that CDKL5 loss tampers with (i) the binding strength of Homer1bc-mGluR5 complexes, (ii) the synaptic localization of mGluR5 and (iii) the mGluR5-mediated enhancement of NMDA-induced neuronal responses. Importantly, we showed that the stimulation of mGluR5 activity by administering in mice specific positive-allosteric-modulators (PAMs), i.e., 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) or RO6807794, corrected the synaptic, functional and behavioral defects shown by Cdkl5-/y mice. Notably, in the visual cortex of 2 CDD patients we found changes in synaptic organization that recapitulate those of mutant CDKL5 mice, including the reduced expression of mGluR5, suggesting that these receptors represent a promising therapeutic target for CDD.
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Barman B, Kushwaha A, Thakur MK. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors-Mediated Activation of PKC Restores the Hippocampal Immediate Early Gene Expression and CREB Phosphorylation in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5722-5733. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Harbers M, Nakao H, Watanabe T, Matsuyama K, Tohyama S, Nakao K, Kishimoto Y, Kano M, Aiba A. mGluR5 Is Substitutable for mGluR1 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells for Motor Coordination, Developmental Synapse Elimination, and Motor Learning. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132004. [PMID: 35805089 PMCID: PMC9265771 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) include mGluR1 and mGluR5, which are coupled to the Gq family of heterotrimeric G-proteins and readily activated by their selective agonist 3,5-dihydroxyphenilglycine (DHPG). mGluR1 and mGluR5 exhibit nearly complementary distributions spatially or temporally in the central nervous system (CNS). In adult cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), mGluR1 is a dominant group I mGluR and mGluR5 is undetectable. mGluR1 expression increases substantially during the first three weeks of postnatal development and remains high throughout adulthood. On the other hand, mGluR5 expression is observed during the first two postnatal weeks and then decreases. However, functional differences between mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the CNS remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, we generated “mGluR5-rescue” mice in which mGluR5 is specifically expressed in PCs in global mGluR1-knockout (KO) mice. mGluR5-rescue mice exhibited apparently normal motor coordination, developmental elimination of redundant climbing fiber (CF)-PC synapses, and delay eyeblink conditioning, which were severely impaired in mGluR1-KO mice. We concluded that mGluR5 is functionally comparable with mGluR1 in cerebellar PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Harbers
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.H.); (H.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Harumi Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.H.); (H.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Takaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (T.W.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyoko Matsuyama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (T.W.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Shoichi Tohyama
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (S.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.H.); (H.N.); (K.N.)
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (S.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (T.W.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (M.H.); (H.N.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Riffo-Campos AL, Perez-Hernandez J, Martinez-Arroyo O, Ortega A, Flores-Chova A, Redon J, Cortes R. Biofluid Specificity of Long Non-Coding RNA Profile in Hypertension: Relevance of Exosomal Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095199. [PMID: 35563588 PMCID: PMC9101961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated targeting of various genes regulates the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN). However, very few circulating long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be altered in essential HTN. The aim of our study was to identify a lncRNA profile in plasma and plasma exosomes associated with urinary albumin excretion in HTN by next-generation sequencing and to assess biological functions enriched in response to albuminuria using GO and KEGG analysis. Plasma exosomes showed higher diversity and fold change of lncRNAs than plasma, and low transcript overlapping was found between the two biofluids. Enrichment analysis identified different biological pathways regulated in plasma or exosome fraction, which were implicated in fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix, and mechanisms of sorting ncRNAs into exosomes, while plasma pathways were implicated in genome reorganization, interference with RNA polymerase, and as scaffolds for assembling transcriptional regulators. Our study found a biofluid specific lncRNA profile associated with albuminuria, with higher diversity in exosomal fraction, which identifies several potential targets that may be utilized to study mechanisms of albuminuria and cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Riffo-Campos
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed) and Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Computer Science, ETSE, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- T-Cell Tolerance, Biomarkers and Therapies in Type 1 Diabetes Team, Institut Cochin CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (R.C.); Tel.: +34-961973517 (R.C.)
| | - Ana Flores-Chova
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.P.-H.); (O.M.-A.); (A.F.-C.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (R.C.); Tel.: +34-961973517 (R.C.)
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F. The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104596. [PMID: 35248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different signal transduction pathways within PSD, involved in motor and cognitive functions, with putative implications in psychiatric disorders. Regulation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, modulation of calcium signaling, tuning of long-term potentiation, organization of dendritic spines' growth, as well as meta- and homeostatic plasticity control are only a few of the multiple endocellular and synaptic functions that have been linked to Homer1. Findings from preclinical studies, as well as genetic studies conducted in humans, suggest that both constitutive (Homer1b/c) and inducible (Homer1a) isoforms of Homer1 play a role in the neurobiology of several psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. On this background, Homer1 has been proposed as a putative novel target in psychopharmacological treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize and systematize the growing body of evidence on Homer proteins, highlighting the role of Homer1 in the pathophysiology and therapy of mental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Jean-Charles PY, Rajiv V, Sarker S, Han S, Bai Y, Masoudi A, Shenoy SK. A single phenylalanine residue in β-arrestin2 critically regulates its binding to G protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101837. [PMID: 35307348 PMCID: PMC9052155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins and their yeast homologs, arrestin-related trafficking adaptors (ARTs), share a stretch of 29 amino acids called the ART motif. However, the functionality of that motif is unknown. We now report that deleting this motif prevents agonist-induced ubiquitination of β-arrestin2 (β-arr2) and blocks its association with activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). Within the ART motif, we have identified a conserved phenylalanine residue, Phe116, that is critical for the formation of β-arr2–GPCR complexes. β-arr2 Phe116Ala mutant has negligible effect on blunting β2-adrenergic receptor–induced cAMP generation unlike β-arr2, which promotes rapid desensitization. Furthermore, available structures for inactive and inositol hexakisphosphate 6–activated forms of bovine β-arr2 revealed that Phe116 is ensconced in a hydrophobic pocket, whereas the adjacent Phe117 and Phe118 residues are not. Mutagenesis of Phe117 and Phe118, but not Phe116, preserves GPCR interaction of β-arr2. Surprisingly, Phe116 is dispensable for the association of β-arr2 with its non-GPCR partners. β-arr2 Phe116Ala mutant presents a significantly reduced protein half-life compared with β-arr2 and undergoes constitutive Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination, which tags proteins for proteasomal degradation. We also found that Phe116 is critical for agonist-dependent β-arr2 ubiquitination with Lys-63-polyubiquitin linkages that are known mediators of protein scaffolding and signal transduction. Finally, we have shown that β-arr2 Phe116Ala interaction with activated β2-adrenergic receptor can be rescued with an in-frame fusion of ubiquitin. Taken together, we conclude that Phe116 preserves structural stability of β-arr2, regulates the formation of β-arr2–GPCR complexes that inhibit G protein signaling, and promotes subsequent ubiquitin-dependent β-arr2 localization and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Jean-Charles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vishwaesh Rajiv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Subhodeep Sarker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sangoh Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yushi Bai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Afshar S, Lule S, Yuan G, Qu X, Pan C, Whalen M, Brownell AL, Mody M. Longitudinal PET studies of mGluR5 in FXS using an FMR1 knockout mouse model. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:80-92. [PMID: 35582646 PMCID: PMC9055256 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a monogenic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and behavioral challenges. It is caused by aberrant methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Given the failure of clinical trials in FXS and growing evidence of a role of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors (mGluR5) in the pathophysiology of the disorder, we investigated mGluR5 function in FMR1 Knockout (FMR1-KO) mice and age- and sex-matched control mice using longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to better understand the disorder. The studies were repeated at four time points to examine age- and disease-induced changes in mGluR5 availability using 3-fluoro-[18F]5-(2-pyridinylethynyl)benzonitrile ([18F]FPEB). We found that the binding potential (BP) of [18F]FPEB was significantly lower in the KO mice in mGluR5-implicated brain areas including striatum, cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb. The BP also changed with age, regardless of disorder status, increasing in early adulthood in male but not in female mice before decreasing later in both sexes. The difference in mGluR5 availability between the FMR1-KO and control mice and the change in BP in the KO mice as a function of age and sex illustrate the nature of the disorder and its progression, providing mechanistic insights for treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Afshar
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Sevda Lule
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Gengyang Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Xiying Qu
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Chuzhi Pan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Michael Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , United States of America
| | - Maria Mody
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown , 02129 MA , USA
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Stillman M, Lautz JD, Johnson RS, MacCoss MJ, Smith SEP. Activity dependent dissociation of the Homer1 interactome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3207. [PMID: 35217690 PMCID: PMC8881602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons encode information by rapidly modifying synaptic protein complexes, which changes the strength of specific synaptic connections. Homer1 is abundantly expressed at glutamatergic synapses, and is known to alter its binding to metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) in response to synaptic activity. However, Homer participates in many additional known interactions whose activity-dependence is unclear. Here, we used co-immunoprecipitation and label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize activity-dependent interactions in the cerebral cortex of wildtype and Homer1 knockout mice. We identified a small, high-confidence protein network consisting of mGlu5, Shank2 and 3, and Homer1–3, of which only mGlu5 and Shank3 were significantly reduced following neuronal depolarization. We identified several other proteins that reduced their co-association in an activity-dependent manner, likely mediated by Shank proteins. We conclude that Homer1 dissociates from mGlu5 and Shank3 following depolarization, but our data suggest that direct Homer1 interactions in the cortex may be more limited than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Stillman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Psychiatry Residency Program, Dartmouth, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Miao A, Yu C, Sun Y, Wang L, Ge J, Wang X. Acute Cerebellitis Associated With Anti-homer 3 Antibodies: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:837937. [PMID: 35250837 PMCID: PMC8895947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.837937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebellitis associated with Homer-3 antibodies is very rare. Here we present a 20-year-old woman who suffered from uncontrollable head shaking quickly from side to side and an unsteady gait for 2 days after the cold. Antibodies were screened by cell-based assays. The indirect immunofluorescence technique results revealed anti-Homer-3 antibody titers of 1:3.2 in the CSF and 1:100 in the serum. The woman was obviously improved after antiviral and immunosuppression (immunoglobin, methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil) treatment. Our report indicated immune-mediated causes should be considered in the acute cerebellitis. Immunotherapy can contribute to the improvement of cerebellar syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailiang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Video-Electroencephalpgram, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ailiang Miao
| | - Chuanyong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Video-Electroencephalpgram, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Mingji Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Video-Electroencephalpgram, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqing Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Video-Electroencephalpgram, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Video-Electroencephalpgram, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hermey G. Deciphering the transcriptomic signature of synaptic activity. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:82-84. [PMID: 34100431 PMCID: PMC8451554 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.315229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Late-Onset Behavioral and Synaptic Consequences of L-Type Ca 2+ Channel Activation in the Basolateral Amygdala of Developing Rats. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0282-21.2022. [PMID: 35064022 PMCID: PMC8868026 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0282-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal CNS development is fine-tuned to drive the functional needs of succeeding life stages; accordingly, the emergence of sensory and motor functions, behavioral patterns and cognitive abilities relies on a complex interplay of signaling pathways. Strictly regulated Ca2+ signaling mediated by L-type channels (LTCCs) is crucial in neural circuit development and aberrant increases in neuronal LTCC activity are linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. In the amygdala, a brain region that integrates signals associated with aversive and rewarding stimuli, LTCCs contribute to NMDA-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) and are required for the consolidation and extinction of fear memory. In vitro studies have elucidated distinct electrophysiological and synaptic properties characterizing the transition from immature to functionally mature basolateral subdivision of the amygdala (BLA) principal neurons. Further, acute increase of LTCC activity selectively regulates excitability and spontaneous synaptic activity in immature BLA neurons, suggesting an age-dependent regulation of BLA circuitry by LTCCs. This study aimed to elucidate whether early life alterations in LTCC activity subsequently affect synaptic strength and amygdala-dependent behaviors in early adulthood. In vivo intra-amygdala injection of an LTCC agonist at a critical period of postnatal neurodevelopment in male rat pups was used to examine synaptic plasticity of BLA excitatory inputs, expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) and glutamate receptors, as well as anxiety and social affiliation behaviors at a juvenile age. Results indicate that enhanced LTCC activity in immature BLA principal neurons trigger persistent changes in the developmental trajectory to modify membrane properties and synaptic LTP at later stages, concomitant with alterations in amygdala-related behavioral patterns.
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Yan W, Zhu H, Yu B, Ma X, Liang H, Zhao S, Deng K. Effects of two inhibitors of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 on expression of endogenous homer scaffold protein 1 in the auditory cortex of mice with tinnitus. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7156-7164. [PMID: 34546852 PMCID: PMC8806735 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1979354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is deemed as the result of abnormal neural activities in the brain, and Homer proteins are expressed in the brain that convey nociception. The expression of Homer in tinnitus has not been studied. We hypothesized that expression of Homer in the auditory cortex was altered after tinnitus treatment. Mice were injected with sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus. Expression of Homer was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays. We found that Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice with tinnitus, while expression of Homer2 or Homer3 exhibited no significant alteration. Effects of two inhibitors of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), noncompetitive 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) and competitive α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), on the tinnitus scores of the mice and on Homer1 expression were detected. MPEP significantly reduced tinnitus scores and suppressed Homer1 expression in a concentration dependent manner. MCPG had no significant effects on tinnitus scores or Homer1 expression. In conclusion, Homer1 expression was upregulated in the auditory cortex of mice after tinnitus, and was suppressed by noncompetitive mGluR5 inhibitor MPEP, but not competitive mGluR5 inhibitor MCPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yan
- The First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bianbian Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kebin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Hámor PU, Schwendt M. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Trafficking and its Role in Drug-Induced Neurobehavioral Plasticity. Brain Plast 2021; 7:61-76. [PMID: 34868874 PMCID: PMC8609495 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that guides developmental and experience-dependent changes in many cellular substrates and brain circuits, through the process collectively referred to as neurobehavioral plasticity. Regulation of cell surface expression and membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors represents an important mechanism that assures optimal excitatory transmission, and at the same time, also allows for fine-tuning neuronal responses to glutamate. On the other hand, there is growing evidence implicating dysregulated glutamate receptor trafficking in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. This review provides up-to-date information on the molecular determinants regulating trafficking and surface expression of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the rodent and human brain and discusses the role of mGluR trafficking in maladaptive synaptic plasticity produced by addictive drugs. As substantial evidence links glutamatergic dysfunction to the progression and the severity of drug addiction, advances in our understanding of mGluR trafficking may provide opportunities for the development of novel pharmacotherapies of addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U. Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Rodat-Despoix L, Chamlali M, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Ion channels as key partners of cytoskeleton in cancer disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188627. [PMID: 34520803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several processes occur during tumor development including changes in cell morphology, a reorganization of the expression and distribution of the cytoskeleton proteins as well as ion channels. If cytoskeleton proteins and ion channels have been widely investigated in understanding cancer mechanisms, the interaction between these two elements and the identification of the associated signaling pathways are only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize the work published over the past 15 years relating to the roles played by ion channels in these mechanisms of reorganization of the cellular morphology, essential to metastatic dissemination, both through the physical interactions with elements of the cytoskeleton and by intracellular signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Rodat-Despoix
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Mohamed Chamlali
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Vitamin B 12-folic acid supplementation regulates neuronal immediate early gene expression and improves hippocampal dendritic arborization and memory in old male mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105181. [PMID: 34509560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the relationship among diet, brain aging and memory is complex, it provides ample opportunity for research in multiple directions including behaviour, epigenetics and neuroplasticity. Nutritional deficiencies together with genetic and environmental factors are the major cause of many age-associated pathologies including memory loss. A compromised vitamin B12-folate status in older people is highly prevalent worldwide. Researchers have established a close association between the adequate level of B12-folate and the maintenance of cognitive brain functions. One of the main reasons for age-associated memory loss is downregulation of neuronal immediate early genes (nIEGs). Therefore, we hypothesize here that vitamin B12-folic acid supplementation in old mice can improve memory by altering the expression status of nIEGs. To check this, 72-week-old male Swiss albino mice were orally administered with 2 μg of vitamin B12 and 22 μg of folic acid/mouse/day for eight weeks. Such supplementation improved recognition memory in old and altered the expression of nIEGs. The expression of nIEGs was further found to be regulated by changes in DNA methylation at their promoter regions and CREB phosphorylation (pCREB). In addition, Golgi-Cox staining showed significant improvement in dendritic length, number of branching points and spine density of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by B12-folic acid supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that vitamin B12-folic acid supplementation regulates nIEGs expression and improves dendritic arborization of hippocampal neurons and memory in old male mice.
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Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179205. [PMID: 34502114 PMCID: PMC8430762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOMER1 gene is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recent studies show that circular RNA derived from HOMER1 (circHOMER1) expression is altered in some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain regions. In addition, HOMER1 messenger (mRNA) levels have been associated with β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain cortical regions. Our aim was to measure the expression levels of HOMER1 circRNAs and their linear forms in the human AD entorhinal cortex. First, we showed downregulation of HOMER1B/C and HOMER1A mRNA and hsa_circ_0006916 and hsa_circ_0073127 levels in AD female cases compared to controls by RT-qPCR. A positive correlation was observed between HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073128 with HOMER1B/C protein only in females. Global average area of Aβ deposits in entorhinal cortex samples was negatively correlated with HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073127 in both genders. Furthermore, no differences in DNA methylation were found in two regions of HOMER1 promoter between AD cases and controls. To sum up, we demonstrate that linear and circular RNA variants of HOMER1 are downregulated in the entorhinal cortex of female patients with AD. These results add to the notion that HOMER1 and its circular forms could be playing a female-specific role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Krohs C, Körber C, Ebbers L, Altaf F, Hollje G, Hoppe S, Dörflinger Y, Prosser HM, Nothwang HG. Loss of miR-183/96 Alters Synaptic Strength via Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms at a Central Synapse. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6796-6811. [PMID: 34193555 PMCID: PMC8360680 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0139-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A point mutation in miR-96 causes non-syndromic progressive peripheral hearing loss and alters structure and physiology of the central auditory system. To gain further insight into the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) within the central auditory system, we investigated constitutive Mir-183/96dko mice of both sexes. In this mouse model, the genomically clustered miR-183 and miR-96 are constitutively deleted. It shows significantly and specifically reduced volumes of auditory hindbrain nuclei, because of decreases in cell number and soma size. Electrophysiological analysis of the calyx of Held synapse in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) demonstrated strongly altered synaptic transmission in young-adult mice. We observed an increase in quantal content and readily releasable vesicle pool size in the presynapse while the overall morphology of the calyx was unchanged. Detailed analysis of the active zones (AZs) revealed differences in its molecular composition and synaptic vesicle (SV) distribution. Postsynaptically, altered clustering and increased synaptic abundancy of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 was observed resulting in an increase in quantal amplitude. Together, these presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations led to a 2-fold increase of the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in MNTB neurons. None of these changes were observed in deaf Cldn14ko mice, confirming an on-site role of miR-183 and miR-96 in the auditory hindbrain. Our data suggest that the Mir-183/96 cluster plays a key role for proper synaptic transmission at the calyx of Held and for the development of the auditory hindbrain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The calyx of Held is the outstanding model system to study basic synaptic physiology. Yet, genetic factors driving its morphologic and functional maturation are largely unknown. Here, we identify the Mir-183/96 cluster as an important factor to regulate its synaptic strength. Presynaptically, Mir-183/96dko calyces show an increase in release-ready synaptic vesicles (SVs), quantal content and abundance of the proteins Bassoon and Piccolo. Postsynaptically, the quantal size as well as number and size of GluA1 puncta were increased. The two microRNAs (miRNAs) are thus attractive candidates for regulation of synaptic maturation and long-term adaptations to sound levels. Moreover, the different phenotypic outcomes of different types of mutations in the Mir-183 cluster corroborate the requirement of mutation-tailored therapies in patients with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Krohs
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Christoph Körber
- Institute of Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lena Ebbers
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Faiza Altaf
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Giulia Hollje
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Simone Hoppe
- Institute of Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yvette Dörflinger
- Institute of Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Haydn M Prosser
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Xu P, Chang JC, Zhou X, Wang W, Bamkole M, Wong E, Bettayeb K, Jiang LL, Huang T, Luo W, Xu H, Nairn AC, Flajolet M, Ip NY, Li YM, Greengard P. GSAP regulates lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202446. [PMID: 34156424 PMCID: PMC8222926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical, pathogenic, and human genetic data confirm that GSAP (γ-secretase activating protein), a selective γ-secretase modulatory protein, plays important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying GSAP-dependent pathogenesis remains largely elusive. Here, through unbiased proteomics and single-nuclei RNAseq, we identified that GSAP regulates multiple biological pathways, including protein phosphorylation, trafficking, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that GSAP physically interacts with the Fe65-APP complex to regulate APP trafficking/partitioning. GSAP is enriched in the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) and regulates lipid homeostasis through the amyloidogenic processing of APP. GSAP deletion generates a lipid environment unfavorable for AD pathogenesis, leading to improved mitochondrial function and the rescue of cognitive deficits in an AD mouse model. Finally, we identified a novel GSAP single-nucleotide polymorphism that regulates its brain transcript level and is associated with an increased AD risk. Together, our findings indicate that GSAP impairs mitochondrial function through its MAM localization and that lowering GSAP expression reduces pathological effects associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jerry C. Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Bamkole
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Karima Bettayeb
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Lu-Lin Jiang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timothy Huang
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Angus C. Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease, and Drug Development, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Program of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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45
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Reshetnikov VV, Bondar NP. The Role of Stress-Induced Changes of Homer1 Expression in Stress Susceptibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:613-626. [PMID: 34225586 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress negatively affects processes of synaptic plasticity and is a major risk factor of various psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety. HOMER1 is an important component of the postsynaptic density: constitutively expressed long isoforms HOMER1b and HOMER1c bind to group I metabotropic glutamate receptors MGLUR1 (GRM1) and MGLUR5 and to other effector proteins, thereby forming a postsynaptic protein scaffold. Activation of the GLUR1-HOMER1b,c and/or GLUR5-HOMER1b,c complex regulates activity of the NMDA and AMPA receptors and Ca2+ homeostasis, thus modulating various types of synaptic plasticity. Dominant negative transcript Homer1a is formed as a result of activity-induced alternative termination of transcription. Expression of this truncated isoform in response to neuronal activation impairs interactions of HOMER1b,c with adaptor proteins, triggers ligand-independent signal transduction through MGLUR1 and/or MGLUR5, leads to suppression of the AMPA- and NMDA-mediated signal transmission, and thereby launches remodeling of the postsynaptic protein scaffold and inhibits long-term potentiation. The studies on animal models confirm that the HOMER1a-dependent remodeling most likely plays an important part in the stress susceptibility, whereas HOMER1a itself can be regarded as a neuroprotector. In this review article, we consider the effects of different stressors in various animal models on HOMER1 expression as well as impact of different HOMER1 variants on human behavior as well as structural and functional characteristics of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Bockaert J, Perroy J, Ango F. The Complex Formed by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) and Homer1a Plays a Central Role in Metaplasticity and Homeostatic Synaptic Scaling. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5567-5578. [PMID: 34193623 PMCID: PMC8244974 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0026-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors can be constitutively activated following physical interaction with intracellular proteins. The first example described was the constitutive activation of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR: mGluR1,5) following their interaction with Homer1a, an activity-inducible early-termination variant of the scaffolding protein Homer that lacks dimerization capacity (Ango et al., 2001). Homer1a disrupts the links, maintained by the long form of Homer (cross-linking Homers), between mGluR1,5 and the Shank-GKAP-PSD-95-ionotropic glutamate receptor network. Two characteristics of the constitutive activation of the Group I mGluR-Homer1a complex are particularly interesting: (1) it affects a large number of synapses in which Homer1a is upregulated following enhanced, long-lasting neuronal activity; and (2) it mainly depends on Homer1a protein turnover. The constitutively active Group I mGluR-Homer1a complex is involved in the two main forms of non-Hebbian neuronal plasticity: "metaplasticity" and "homeostatic synaptic scaling," which are implicated in a large series of physiological and pathologic processes. Those include non-Hebbian plasticity observed in visual system, synapses modulated by addictive drugs (rewarded synapses), chronically overactivated synaptic networks, normal sleep, and sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Montpellier, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Ango
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34295 Montpellier, France
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47
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Furuichi T, Muto Y, Sadakata T, Sato Y, Hayashi K, Shiraishi-Yamaguchi Y, Shinoda Y. The physiological role of Homer2a and its novel short isoform, Homer2e, in NMDA receptor-mediated apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells. Mol Brain 2021; 14:90. [PMID: 34118975 PMCID: PMC8199691 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Homer is a postsynaptic scaffold protein, which has long and short isoforms. The long form of Homer consists of an N-terminal target-binding domain and a C-terminal multimerization domain, linking multiple proteins within a complex. The short form of Homer only has the N-terminal domain and likely acts as a dominant negative regulator. Homer2a, one of the long form isoforms of the Homer family, expresses with a transient peak in the early postnatal stage of mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs); however, the functions of Homer2a in CGCs are not fully understood yet. In this study, we investigated the physiological roles of Homer2a in CGCs using recombinant adenovirus vectors. Overexpression of the Homer2a N-terminal domain construct, which was made structurally reminiscent with Homer1a, altered NMDAR1 localization, decreased NMDA currents, and promoted the survival of CGCs. These results suggest that the Homer2a N-terminal domain acts as a dominant negative protein to attenuate NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. Moreover, we identified a novel short form N-terminal domain-containing Homer2, named Homer2e, which was induced by apoptotic stimulation such as ischemic brain injury. Our study suggests that the long and short forms of Homer2 are involved in apoptosis of CGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiichi Furuichi
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- JST-CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuko Muto
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sadakata
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- JST-CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- JST-CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Shiraishi-Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Developing Human Resources for R&D Programs, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8666, Japan
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurogenesis, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- JST-CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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48
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May HJ, Jeong J, Revah-Politi A, Cohen JS, Chassevent A, Baptista J, Baugh EH, Bier L, Bottani A, Carminho A Rodrigues MT, Conlon C, Fluss J, Guipponi M, Kim CA, Matsumoto N, Person R, Primiano M, Rankin J, Shinawi M, Smith-Hicks C, Telegrafi A, Toy S, Uchiyama Y, Aggarwal V, Goldstein DB, Roche KW, Anyane-Yeboa K. Truncating variants in the SHANK1 gene are associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Genet Med 2021; 23:1912-1921. [PMID: 34113010 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to characterize the clinical phenotype of a SHANK1-related disorder and define the functional consequences of SHANK1 truncating variants. METHODS Exome sequencing (ES) was performed for six individuals who presented with neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals were ascertained with the use of GeneMatcher and Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER). We evaluated potential nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of two variants by making knock-in cell lines of endogenous truncated SHANK1, and expressed the truncated SHANK1 complementary DNA (cDNA) in HEK293 cells and cultured hippocampal neurons to examine the proteins. RESULTS ES detected de novo truncating variants in SHANK1 in six individuals. Evaluation of NMD resulted in stable transcripts, and the truncated SHANK1 completely lost binding with Homer1, a linker protein that binds to the C-terminus of SHANK1. These variants may disrupt protein-protein networks in dendritic spines. Dispersed localization of the truncated SHANK1 variants within the spine and dendritic shaft was also observed when expressed in neurons, indicating impaired synaptic localization of truncated SHANK1. CONCLUSION This report expands the clinical spectrum of individuals with truncating SHANK1 variants and describes the impact these variants may have on the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie J May
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jaehoon Jeong
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chassevent
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia Baptista
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.,Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Evan H Baugh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Armand Bottani
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Charles Conlon
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatrics Subspecialties Service, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Richard Person
- Clinical Genomics Program, GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Primiano
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Rankin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Constance Smith-Hicks
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aida Telegrafi
- Clinical Genomics Program, GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Toy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Extinction vs. Abstinence: A Review of the Molecular and Circuit Consequences of Different Post-Cocaine Experiences. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116113. [PMID: 34204090 PMCID: PMC8200945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intravenous cocaine self-administration model is widely used to characterize the neurobiology of cocaine seeking. When studies are aimed at understanding relapse to cocaine-seeking, a post-cocaine abstinence period is imposed, followed by “relapse” tests to assess the ability of drug-related stimuli (“primes”) to evoke the resumption of the instrumental response previously made to obtain cocaine. Here, we review the literature on the impact of post-cocaine abstinence procedures on neurobiology, finding that the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex are recruited by extinction training, and are not part of the relapse circuitry when extinction training does not occur. Pairing cocaine infusions with discrete cues recruits the involvement of the NA, which together with the dorsal striatum, is a key part of the relapse circuit regardless of abstinence procedures. Differences in molecular adaptations in the NA core include increased expression of GluN1 and glutamate receptor signaling partners after extinction training. AMPA receptors and glutamate transporters are similarly affected by abstinence and extinction. Glutamate receptor antagonists show efficacy at reducing relapse following extinction and abstinence, with a modest increase in efficacy of compounds that restore glutamate homeostasis after extinction training. Imaging studies in humans reveal cocaine-induced adaptations that are similar to those produced after extinction training. Thus, while instrumental extinction training does not have face validity, its use does not produce adaptations distinct from human cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-2185
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50
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mGluR1 signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells: Subcellular organization and involvement in cerebellar function and disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 194:108629. [PMID: 34089728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is essential for the control, coordination, and learning of movements, and for certain aspects of cognitive function. Purkinje cells are the sole output neurons in the cerebellar cortex and therefore play crucial roles in the diverse functions of the cerebellum. The type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) is prominently enriched in Purkinje cells and triggers downstream signaling pathways that are required for functional and structural plasticity, and for synaptic responses. To understand how mGluR1 contributes to cerebellar functions, it is important to consider not only the operational properties of this receptor, but also its spatial organization and the molecular interactions that enable its proper functioning. In this review, we highlight how mGluR1 and its related signaling molecules are organized into tightly coupled microdomains to fulfill physiological functions. We also describe emerging evidence that altered mGluR1 signaling in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar dysfunction in ataxias of human patients and mouse models.
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