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van den Driest L, Kelly P, Marshall A, Johnson CH, Lasky-Su J, Lannigan A, Rattray Z, Rattray NJ. A gap analysis of UK biobank publications reveals SNPs associated with intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2200-2210. [PMID: 38817965 PMCID: PMC11137368 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifaceted disease and a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in females across the globe. In 2020 alone, 2.3 million women were diagnosed and 685,000 died of breast cancer worldwide. With the number of diagnoses projected to increase to 3 million per year by 2040 it is essential that new methods of detection and disease stratification are sought to decrease this global cancer burden. Although significant improvements have been made in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of breast cancer remains poor in some patient groups (i.e. triple negative breast cancer), necessitating research into better patient stratification, diagnosis and drug discovery. The UK Biobank, a comprehensive biomedical and epidemiological database with a wide variety of multiomics data (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) offers huge potential to uncover groundbreaking discoveries in breast cancer research leading to improved patient stratification. Combining genomic, proteomic, and metabolic profiles of breast cancer in combination with histological classification, can aid treatment decisions through accurate diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tumor behaviour. Here, we systematically reviewed PubMed publications reporting the analysis of UK Biobank data in breast cancer research. Our analysis of UK Biobank studies in the past five years identified 125 publications, of which 76 focussed on genomic data analysis. Interestingly, only two studies reported the analysis of metabolomics and proteomics data, with none performing multiomics analysis of breast cancer. A meta-analysis of the 76 publications identified 2870 genetic variants associated with breast cancer across 445 genes. Subtype analysis revealed differential genetic alteration in 13 of the 445 genes and the identification of 59 well-established breast cancer genes. in differential pathways. Pathway interaction analyses illuminated their involvement in general cancer biomolecular pathways (e.g. DNA damage repair, Gene expression). While our meta-analysis only measured genetic differences in breast cancer due to current usage of UK Biobank data, minimal multi-omics analyses have been performed and the potential for harnessing multi-omics strategies within the UK Biobank cohort holds promise for unravelling the biological signatures of distinct breast cancer subtypes further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa van den Driest
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Patricia Kelly
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Alan Marshall
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, UK
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alison Lannigan
- NHS Lanarkshire, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
- Wishaw General Hospital, NHS Lanarkshire, 50 Netherton St, Wishaw ML2 0DP, UK
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- NHS Lanarkshire, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicholas J.W. Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- NHS Lanarkshire, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
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Chen BD, Lee C, Tapia AL, Reiner AP, Tang H, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Li Y, Raffield LM. Proteome-wide association study using cis and trans variants and applied to blood cell and lipid-related traits in the Women's Health Initiative study. Genet Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38940271 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In most Proteome-Wide Association Studies (PWAS), variants near the protein-coding gene (±1 Mb), also known as cis single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are used to predict protein levels, which are then tested for association with phenotypes. However, proteins can be regulated through variants outside of the cis region. An intermediate GWAS step to identify protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) allows for the inclusion of trans SNPs outside the cis region in protein-level prediction models. Here, we assess the prediction of 540 proteins in 1002 individuals from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), split equally into a GWAS set, an elastic net training set, and a testing set. We compared the testing r2 between measured and predicted protein levels using this proposed approach, to the testing r2 using only cis SNPs. The two methods usually resulted in similar testing r2, but some proteins showed a significant increase in testing r2 with our method. For example, for cartilage acidic protein 1, the testing r2 increased from 0.101 to 0.351. We also demonstrate reproducible findings for predicted protein association with lipid and blood cell traits in WHI participants without proteomics data and in UK Biobank utilizing our PWAS weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chanhwa Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda L Tapia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sansoucy M, Naud JF. Using Proteins As Markers for Anabolic Steroid Abuse: A New Perspective in Doping Control? Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1168-1173. [PMID: 37561919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug toxicity is a major concern and has motivated numerous studies to elucidate specific adverse mechanisms, with acetaminophen being the favorite candidate in toxicology studies. Conversely, androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) also represent a severe public health issue in sports for elite and non-elite athletes. Supraphysiological dosages of AASs are associated with various adverse effects, from cardiovascular to neurological repercussions including liver dysfunction. Yet, few studies have addressed the toxicity of anabolic steroids, and a significant amount of work will be needed to elucidate and understand steroid toxicity properly. This Perspective suggests ideas on how proteomics and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) can contribute to (1) pinpoint serum proteins affected by substantial doses of anabolic steroids that would represent interesting novel candidates for routine testing and (2) provide additional knowledge on androgenic anabolic steroid toxicity to help raise awareness on the harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Sansoucy
- Laboratoire de contrôle du dopage, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Naud
- Laboratoire de contrôle du dopage, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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4
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Appiah D, Schreiner PJ, Pankow JS, Brock G, Tang W, Norby FL, Michos ED, Ballantyne CM, Folsom AR. Long-term changes in plasma proteomic profiles in premenopausal and postmenopausal Black and White women: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Menopause 2022; 29:1150-1160. [PMID: 35969495 PMCID: PMC9509415 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activity, localization, and turnover of proteins within cells and plasma may contribute to physiologic changes during menopause and may influence disease occurrence. We examined cross-sectional differences and long-term changes in plasma proteins between premenopausal and naturally postmenopausal women. METHODS We used data from 4,508 (19% Black) women enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. SOMAscan multiplexed aptamer technology was used to measure 4,697 plasma proteins. Linear regression models were used to compare differences in proteins at baseline (1993-1995) and 18-year change in proteins from baseline to 2011-2013. RESULTS At baseline, 472 women reported being premenopausal and 4,036 women reported being postmenopausal, with average ages of 52.3 and 61.4 years, respectively. A greater proportion of postmenopausal women had diabetes (15 vs 9%), used hypertension (38 vs 27%) and lipid-lowering medications (10 vs 3%), and had elevated total cholesterol and waist girth. In multivariable adjusted models, 38 proteins differed significantly between premenopausal and postmenopausal women at baseline, with 29 of the proteins also showing significantly different changes between groups over the 18-year follow-up as the premenopausal women also reached menopause. These proteins were associated with various molecular/cellular functions (cellular development, growth, proliferation and maintenance), physiological system development (skeletal and muscular system development, and cardiovascular system development and function), and diseases/disorders (hematological and metabolic diseases and developmental disorders). CONCLUSIONS We observed significantly different changes between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in several plasma proteins that reflect many biological processes. These processes may help to understand disease development during the postmenopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock TX
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Faye L. Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA
| | | | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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5
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Tian Y, Kim AE, Bien SA, Lin Y, Qu C, Harrison TA, Carreras-Torres R, Díez-Obrero V, Dimou N, Drew DA, Hidaka A, Huyghe JR, Jordahl KM, Morrison J, Murphy N, Obón-Santacana M, Ulrich CM, Ose J, Peoples AR, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Shcherbina A, Stern MC, Su YR, van Duijnhoven FJB, Arndt V, Baurley JW, Berndt SI, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Chan AT, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger S, Gruber SB, Harlid S, Hoffmeister M, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Keku TO, Larsson SC, Le Marchand L, Li L, Giles GG, Milne RL, Nan H, Nassir R, Ogino S, Budiarto A, Platz EA, Potter JD, Prentice RL, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Thibodeau SN, Van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Campbell PT, Casey G, Conti DV, Gunter MJ, Kundaje A, Lewinger JP, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Pardamean B, Thomas DC, Tsilidis KK, Peters U, Gauderman WJ, Hsu L, Chang-Claude J. Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis of Genetic Variants With Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1135-1148. [PMID: 35512400 PMCID: PMC9360460 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may interact with genetic variants to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide, gene-environment interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the use of any MHT, estrogen only, and combined estrogen-progestogen therapy with CRC risk, among 28 486 postmenopausal women (11 519 CRC patients and 16 967 participants without CRC) from 38 studies, using logistic regression, 2-step method, and 2- or 3-degree-of-freedom joint test. A set-based score test was applied for rare genetic variants. RESULTS The use of any MHT, estrogen only and estrogen-progestogen were associated with a reduced CRC risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64 to 0.78; OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.79; and OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.90, respectively). The 2-step method identified a statistically significant interaction between a GRIN2B variant rs117868593 and MHT use, whereby MHT-associated CRC risk was statistically significantly reduced in women with the GG genotype (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.72) but not within strata of GC or CC genotypes. A statistically significant interaction between a DCBLD1 intronic variant at 6q22.1 (rs10782186) and MHT use was identified by the 2-degree-of-freedom joint test. The MHT-associated CRC risk was reduced with increasing number of rs10782186-C alleles, showing odds ratios of 0.78 (95% CI = 0.70 to 0.87) for TT, 0.68 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.73) for TC, and 0.66 (95% CI = 0.60 to 0.74) for CC genotypes. In addition, 5 genes in rare variant analysis showed suggestive interactions with MHT (2-sided P < 1.2 × 10-4). CONCLUSION Genetic variants that modify the association between MHT and CRC risk were identified, offering new insights into pathways of CRC carcinogenesis and potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Andre E Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James W Baurley
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- BioRealm LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura’a University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arif Budiarto
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John’s, NL,Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Thomas CE, Dahl L, Byström S, Chen Y, Uhlén M, Mälarstig A, Czene K, Hall P, Schwenk JM, Gabrielson M. Circulating proteins reveal prior use of menopausal hormonal therapy and increased risk of breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101339. [PMID: 35033985 PMCID: PMC8760550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accessible risk predictors are crucial for improving the early detection and prognosis of breast cancer. Blood samples are widely available and contain proteins that provide important information about human health and disease, however, little is still known about the contribution of circulating proteins to breast cancer risk prediction. We profiled EDTA plasma samples collected before diagnosis from the Swedish KARMA breast cancer cohort to evaluate circulating proteins as molecular predictors. A data-driven analysis strategy was applied to the molecular phenotypes built on 700 circulating proteins to identify and annotate clusters of women. The unsupervised analysis of 183 future breast cancer cases and 366 age-matched controls revealed five stable clusters with distinct proteomic plasma profiles. Among these women, those in the most stable cluster (N = 19; mean Jaccard index: 0.70 ± 0.29) were significantly more likely to have used menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT), get a breast cancer diagnosis, and were older compared to the remaining clusters. The circulating proteins associated with this cluster (FDR < 0.001) represented physiological processes related to cell junctions (F11R, CLDN15, ITGAL), DNA repair (RBBP8), cell replication (TJP3), and included proteins found in female reproductive tissue (PTCH1, ZP4). Using a data-driven approach on plasma proteomics data revealed the potential long-lasting molecular effects of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) on the circulating proteome, even after women had ended their treatment. This provides valuable insights concerning proteomics efforts to identify molecular markers for breast cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Thomas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Leo Dahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sanna Byström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.
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7
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Madika AL, MacDonald CJ, Fournier A, Mounier-Vehier C, Béraud G, Boutron-Ruault MC. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of incident hypertension: role of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens in the E3N cohort. Menopause 2021; 28:1204-1208. [PMID: 34581294 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms of menopause, its association with the development of arterial hypertension remains unclear. We sought to explore associations between different formulations of MHT and incident hypertension among menopausal women in a prospective cohort study. METHODS We used the Etude Epidémiologique de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education (E3N) cohort, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990 on 98,995 women. Out of these, 49,905 menopausal women with complete information on the use of MHT, and without prevalent hypertension at inclusion were included. RESULTS The mean age of the population at baseline was 54.2 ± 4.3 years, and 32,183 (64.5%) reported ever using MHT. Among these women, 10,173 cases of incident hypertension were identified over an average follow-up time of 10.6 years. Compared with women who never used MHT, those who ever used it had an increased risk of incident hypertension (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) after adjustment for body mass index and other potential confounders. Oral but not transdermal estrogen use was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (adjusted HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14 and HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.99-1.07, respectively). However, the HRs associated with oral and transdermal estrogens did not differ significantly (P-homogeneity = 0.09). Regarding the role of concomitant progestogens, pregnane and norpregnane derivatives were significantly associated with hypertension risk (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.19 and HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MHT was associated with a modest but significant increased risk of incident hypertension, especially when using oral estrogen in combination with a progestogen such as pregnane and norpregnane derivatives. Surveillance of blood pressure should be added to the medical surveillance of MHT users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conor James MacDonald
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Mounier-Vehier
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Institut Cœur-Poumon, Médecine Vasculaire et HTA, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Béraud
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
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8
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In vivo estrogenicity of p-phenoxyphenol and p-pentyloxyphenol. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17305. [PMID: 33057140 PMCID: PMC7560878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Alkoxyphenols (AOPs) are a class of ethers that are widely used in industrial and agricultural productions and daily necessities. p-Phenoxyphenol (PhOP) and p-pentyloxyphenol (PeOP) belong to this class and have been reported to be estrogenic in vitro. However, their in vivo estrogenic activities have rarely been of concern. In this study, we performed an immature mouse uterotrophic assay and studied the estrogenic effects of these two compounds in mice. The results revealed that the uterine weights of the animals treated with PhOP significantly increased at doses of 30 and 300 mg kg-1 bw day-1 for 3 days (P < 0.05), while no significant uterotrophic effects were observed in the mice treated with PeOP. Using next-generation transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we also analyzed the gene expression in the uterine tissue of mice treated with PhOP and PeOP. The observed gene regulation patterns of the PhOP- and PeOP-treated specimens were similar to those of the 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated specimens. In particular, some estrogen-responsive genes, such as the Sprr2 gene family, Apoa1, Prap1, and Ahsg, displayed a regulation trend similar to that of E2. In addition, molecule docking analysis revealed that both PhOP and PeOP could be well docked into the active site of hERα, with potential of mean force (PMF) values of − 58.68 and − 52.67 kcal mol-1 for PhOP and PeOP, respectively. The results of this study indicate that PhOP exhibits relatively strong in vivo estrogenic activity, which could be of future concern.
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Olausson N, Mobarrez F, Zubarev R, Chernobrovkin A, Rutishauser D, Bremme K, Westerlund E, Hovatta O, Wallén H, Henriksson P. Changes in the plasma microvesicle proteome during the ovarian hyperstimulation phase of assisted reproductive technology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13645. [PMID: 32788624 PMCID: PMC7423945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism is increased during the first trimester of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conception. We previously found that haemostatic plasma variables changed but within normal limits during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) concomitant with a major increase in plasma microvesicles (MVs) and markers indicating cell activation. We now explored the proteome of these MVs. Thirty-one women undergoing ART were blood sampled at down-regulation (DR) of oestrogen and at high level stimulation (HLS) with its 10–100-fold increased oestrogen level. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the proteome. We identified 306 proteins in the MVs and 72 had changed significantly at HLS compared to DR and more than 20% of them were associated with haemostasis. Thus, proteins related to both haemostasis and complement activation altered in plasma MVs in parallel with MV activation during COH. This needs to be further explored in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Olausson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roman Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey Chernobrovkin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Bremme
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eli Westerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Henriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Mandili G, Follia L, Ferrero G, Katayama H, Hong W, Momin AA, Capello M, Giordano D, Spadi R, Satolli MA, Evangelista A, Hanash SM, Cordero F, Novelli F. Immune-Complexome Analysis Identifies Immunoglobulin-Bound Biomarkers That Predict the Response to Chemotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E746. [PMID: 32245227 PMCID: PMC7140049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor outcome. Although chemotherapy (CT) treatment has poor efficacy, it can enhance tumor immunogenicity. Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA) are self-proteins that are overexpressed in tumors that may induce antibody production and can be PDA theranostic targets. However, the prognostic value of TAA-antibody association as Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC) has not yet been elucidated, mainly due to the lack of techniques that lead to their identification. In this study, we show a novel method to separate IgG, IgM, and IgA CIC from sera to use them as prognostic biomarkers of CT response. The PDA Immune-Complexome (IC) was identified using a LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer followed by computational analysis. The analysis of the IC of 37 PDA patients before and after CT revealed differential associated antigens (DAA) for each immunoglobulin class. Our method identified different PDA-specific CIC in patients that were associated with poor prognosis patients. Finally, CIC levels were significantly modified by CT suggesting that they can be used as effective prognostic biomarkers to follow CT response in PDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mandili
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wang Hong
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amin A. Momin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michela Capello
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Giordano
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosella Spadi
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino (COES), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Evangelista
- Cittá della salute e della scienza University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Samir M. Hanash
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Cittá della salute e della scienza University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
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11
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Effects of oral conjugated equine estrogens with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate on incident hypertension in the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials. Menopause 2019; 25:753-761. [PMID: 29381666 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the effect of menopausal hormone therapy on incident hypertension in the two Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials and in extended postintervention follow-up. METHODS A total of 27,347 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years were enrolled at 40 US centers. This analysis includes the subsample of 18,015 women who did not report hypertension at baseline and were not taking antihypertensive medication. Women with an intact uterus received conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; 0.625 mg/d) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 2.5 mg/d) (n = 5,994) or placebo (n = 5,679). Women with prior hysterectomy received CEE alone (0.625 mg/d) (n = 3,108) or placebo (n = 3,234). The intervention lasted a median of 5.6 years in the CEE plus MPA trial and 7.2 years in the CEE-alone trial with 13 years of cumulative follow-up until September 30, 2010. The primary outcome for these analyses was self-report of a new diagnosis of hypertension and/or high blood pressure requiring treatment with medication. RESULTS During the CEE and CEE plus MPA intervention phase, the rate of incident hypertension was 18% higher for intervention than for placebo (CEE: hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09-1.29; CEE plus MPA: HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09-1.27). This effect dissipated postintervention in both trials (CEE: HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94-1.20; CEE plus MPA: HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.10). CONCLUSIONS CEE (0.625 mg/d) administered orally, with or without MPA, is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in older postmenopausal women. Whether lower doses, different estrogen formulations, or transdermal route of administration offer lower risks warrant further study.
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12
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Stevens VL, Wang Y, Carter BD, Gaudet MM, Gapstur SM. Serum metabolomic profiles associated with postmenopausal hormone use. Metabolomics 2018; 14:97. [PMID: 30830410 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postmenopausal hormone use is linked to several health outcomes and the risk associated with some may differ depending on whether estrogen is used alone or in combination with progestin. OBJECTIVE Metabolomic analyses of postmenopausal hormone use and differences between hormone regimes was done to identify metabolites associated with each type of hormone treatment. METHODS Untargeted metabolomics analysis was done on serum from 1336 women enrolled in the Cancer Prevention II Nutrition Cohort. Levels of 781 named metabolites were compared between 667 nonusers with 332 estrogen-only and with 337 estrogen plus progestin users using linear regression. Metabolite levels were also compared between estrogen-only and estrogen plus progestin users. RESULTS Compared to nonusers, 276 metabolites were statistically significantly (P < 6.40 × 10- 5) associated with estrogen-only use and 222 were associated with estrogen plus progestin use. The metabolites associated with both types of hormones included numerous lipids, acyl carnitines, and amino acids as well as the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the oncometabolite fumarate. The 65 metabolites that differed significantly between estrogen-only and estrogen plus progestin users included 19 steroids and 12 lipids that contained the bioactive fatty acid arachidonic acid. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that postmenopausal hormone use influences metabolic pathways linked to a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of metabolism and stress responses, energy production, and inflammation. The differential association of numerous lipids which influence cellular signaling suggests that differences in signal transduction may contribute to the disparate risks for some diseases between estrogen-only and estrogen plus progestin users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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13
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Yeh CY, Adusumilli R, Kullolli M, Mallick P, John EM, Pitteri SJ. Assessing biological and technological variability in protein levels measured in pre-diagnostic plasma samples of women with breast cancer. Biomark Res 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 29075496 PMCID: PMC5645980 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-017-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative proteomics allows for the discovery and functional investigation of blood-based pre-diagnostic biomarkers for early cancer detection. However, a major limitation of proteomic investigations in biomarker studies remains the biological and technical variability in the analysis of complex clinical samples. Moreover, unlike ‘omics analogues such as genomics and transcriptomics, proteomics has yet to achieve reproducibility and long-term stability on a unified technological platform. Few studies have thoroughly investigated protein variability in pre-diagnostic samples of cancer patients across multiple platforms. Methods We obtained ten blood plasma “case” samples collected up to 2 years prior to breast cancer diagnosis. Each case sample was paired with a matched control plasma from a full biological sister without breast cancer. We measured protein levels using both mass-spectrometry and antibody-based technologies to: (1) assess the technical considerations in different protein assays when analyzing limited clinical samples, and (2) evaluate the statistical power of potential diagnostic analytes. Results Although we found inherent technical variation in the three assays used, we detected protein dependent biological signal from the limited samples. The three assay types yielded 32 proteins with statistically significantly (p < 1E-01) altered expression levels between cases and controls, with no proteins retaining statistical significance after false discovery correction. Conclusions Technical, practical, and study design considerations are essential to maximize information obtained in limited pre-diagnostic samples of cancer patients. This study provides a framework that estimates biological effect sizes critical for consideration in designing studies for pre-diagnostic blood-based biomarker detection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40364-017-0110-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 93405 USA.,Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 93405 USA
| | - Ravali Adusumilli
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Majlinda Kullolli
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Esther M John
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.,Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538 USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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James ML, Christianson T, Woo D, Kon NKK. Gonadal hormone regulation as therapeutic strategy after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105817725081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, USA
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15
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Katayama H, Boldt C, Ladd JJ, Johnson MM, Chao T, Capello M, Suo J, Mao J, Manson JE, Prentice R, Esteva F, Wang H, Disis ML, Hanash S. An Autoimmune Response Signature Associated with the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Reflects Disease Pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3246-54. [PMID: 26088128 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The repertoire of antigens associated with the development of an autoimmune response in breast cancer has relevance to detection and treatment strategies. We have investigated the occurrence of autoantibodies associated with the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the before diagnosis setting and in samples collected at the time of diagnosis of TNBC. Lysate arrays containing protein fractions from the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line were hybridized with TNBC plasmas from the Women's Health Initiative cohort, collected before clinical diagnosis and with plasmas from matched controls. An immune response directed against spliceosome and glycolysis proteins was observed with case plasmas as previously reported in estrogen receptor(+) breast cancer. Importantly, autoantibodies directed against networks involving BRCA1, TP53, and cytokeratin proteins associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype were distinct to TNBC before diagnosis samples. Concordant autoantibody findings were observed with mouse plasma samples collected before occurrence of palpable tumors from a C3(1)-T triple negative mouse model. Plasma samples collected at the time of diagnosis of stage II TNBC and from matched healthy controls were subjected to proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry to identify Ig-bound proteins yielding a predominance of cytokeratins, including several associated with a mesenchymal/basal phenotype among cases compared with controls. Our data provide evidence indicative of a dynamic repertoire of antigens associated with a humoral immune response reflecting disease pathogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon J Ladd
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Timothy Chao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Jianning Mao
- Tumor Vaccine Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Prentice
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Francisco Esteva
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hong Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Aroner SA, Rosner BA, Tamimi RM, Tworoger SS, Baur N, Joos TO, Hankinson SE. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:321-7. [PMID: 25799912 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is an enzyme with important functions in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. However, it is unclear whether circulating MMP2 levels may predict breast cancer risk. We conducted a prospective nested case-control analysis in the Nurses' Health Study among 1136 cases who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2004 and 1136 matched controls. All participants provided blood samples in 1989-1990, and a subset (170 cases, 170 controls) contributed an additional sample in 2000-2002. Pre-diagnostic plasma MMP2 levels were measured via immunoassay, and conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for breast cancer risk factors. No association was observed between plasma MMP2 levels and risk of total invasive breast cancer (top vs. bottom quartile, OR=1.0; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.2; p-trend=0.89). Findings did not vary significantly by time since blood draw, body mass index, postmenopausal hormone use, or menopausal status at either blood draw or breast cancer diagnosis. MMP2 was associated with a greater risk of nodal metastases at diagnosis (top vs. bottom quartile, OR=1.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2; p-heterogeneity, any vs. no lymph nodes=0.002), but no significant associations were observed with other tumor characteristics or with recurrent or fatal cancers. Plasma MMP2 levels do not appear to be predictive of total invasive breast cancer risk, although associations with aggressive disease warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Aroner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadja Baur
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas O Joos
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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17
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García-Bailo B, Josse AR, Jamnik J, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Positive association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein is confounded by hormonal contraceptive use. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 22:417-25. [PMID: 23659482 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the relationship between vitamin D and inflammation are equivocal. This may be due to unaccounted confounding. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use is associated with elevated circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Caucasians and African-Americans, but its effects on 25(OH)D in other ethnicities are unclear. HC use is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker. Our objectives were to assess the effect of HC use on 25(OH)D across ethnic groups, and to examine the association between HC, 25(OH)D and CRP in an ethnically diverse population of young adults. METHODS We recruited Caucasian, East Asian, and South Asian individuals (n=1,403) from Toronto, Canada. Fasting blood measures of 25(OH)D and CRP were obtained. RESULTS Across ethnic groups, women HC users (n=280) had higher 25(OH)D and CRP than women HC non-users (n=695) and men (n=428) (p<0.008 and p<0.0001, respectively). Circulating 25(OH)D was positively associated with CRP in the entire population in models not accounting for HC use (β=0.010±0.003; p<0.0001). There was no association when men and women HC non-users were examined separately. Among women HC users, there was no association after accounting for hormone dose. A positive association between 25(OH)D and CRP among individuals above the median 25(OH)D (≥51.9 nmol/L) was not significant after adjustment for HC use. No association was observed among individuals below the median. CONCLUSIONS HC use and 25(OH)D were positively associated across ethnic groups. We found no association between 25(OH)D and CRP when HC use was accounted for. HC use confounds the association between 25(OH)D and CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana García-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
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Prentice RL. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risks of coronary heart disease, breast cancer, and stroke. Semin Reprod Med 2014; 32:419-25. [PMID: 25321418 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The principal findings are briefly reviewed from the Women's Health Initiative trials of the most commonly used postmenopausal hormone regimens in the United States-conjugated equine estrogens and these same estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. A more detailed review is presented for three major clinical outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD), the primary trial outcome for which a major benefit was hypothesized; invasive breast cancer, the primary safety outcome for which some adverse effect was expected; and stroke which surfaced as an important adverse effect with both regimens, and one that is influential in decisions concerning the continued use of postmenopausal estrogens alone. The review for these outcomes includes an update on interactions of treatment effects with study subject characteristics and exposures and with prerandomization biomarker levels. It also includes a focus on timing issues that are important to the understanding of treatment effects. Specifically, with combined estrogen plus progestin, CHD risk was elevated early with the elevation dissipating after a few years of treatment, whereas breast cancer elevations increased during the treatment period, and climbed to about a threefold increase following 5 years of adherence. Importantly, breast cancer risk elevations appear to be higher among women who initiate treatment at the menopause, or soon thereafter, compared with women having a longer gap time. Stroke effects, on the contrary, did not seem to vary appreciably with these timing issues. The adverse effect was evidently localized to ischemic strokes, for which there was an approximate 50% increase with either regimen. The rather limited knowledge concerning the biomarkers and biological pathways that mediate the hormone therapy effects on these diseases is also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Sund J, Palomäki J, Ahonen N, Savolainen K, Alenius H, Puustinen A. Phagocytosis of nano-sized titanium dioxide triggers changes in protein acetylation. J Proteomics 2014; 108:469-83. [PMID: 24972317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) is one of the most produced engineered nanomaterials and therefore carries a high risk for workplace exposure. In several nanosafety studies, exposure to nTiO2 has been shown to trigger inflammation in mice lung and to cause oxidative stress. Here, cytoplasmic proteome changes in human monocyte derived macrophages were investigated with two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry to evaluate the adverse cellular effects after exposure to different types of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Both studied TiO2 NPs (rutile TiO2 with or without silica coating) evoked similar proteome alterations. The identified proteins were linked to metabolic homeostasis, cytoskeleton remodeling and oxidative stress. The abundances of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 and cathepsin D changed only after exposure to nTiO2 as compared to a coarse particle analog. Enrichment analysis revealed that 70% of the proteins with changed intensities contained known acetylation sites, and it was possible to confirm a significant induction of cytoplasmic protein acetylation after nTiO2 exposure. The course of the events during phagocytosis could account for the observed membrane maintenance, metabolic and cytoskeletal protein expression changes. Lysine acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins in macrophages is emerging as a major cell regulation mechanism after nTiO2 exposure. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE While the amount of nanosafety research conducted in recent years has been constantly increasing, proteomics has not yet been utilized widely in this field. In addition, reversible protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation and phosphorylation have not been investigated in-depth in nanomaterial exposed cells. Proteome changes observed in nanomaterial exposed macrophages revealed active phagocytosis of the particles and provided new insights into underlying mechanisms of biological responses to nTiO2 exposures. Moreover, reversible protein acetylation might be a major cellular regulation event occurring in nanomaterial exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Sund
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Palomäki
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Ahonen
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Puustinen
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; Nanosafety Research Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a b, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland.
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Qiu C, Liu X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Fu Q. Estrogen increases the transcription of human α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein by an interplay of estrogen receptor α and activator protein-1. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1357-67. [PMID: 24504099 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The expression of α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG) was estrogen responsive in oophorectomized (OVX) osteopenic rats and HepG2 cells. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) interacted with the c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimer and indirectly associated with the -1488/-1482 activator protein-1 (AP-1) motif of the AHSG promoter. Estrogen increased c-Jun/c-Fos expression via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. INTRODUCTION AHSG is a hepatic secretory protein implicated in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Serum AHSG in women has been reported to decrease after menopause and increase with estrogen therapy. The detailed regulatory mechanism of estrogen on AHSG is unclear. METHODS A postmenopausal osteoporosis model was generated in OVX rats. Skeletal parameters were determined by automatic biochemical analysis and dual X-ray absorptiometry. The expression of AHSG was evaluated by ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot. The 1.5-kb 5'-promoter region of AHSG was analyzed by serial truncation and luciferase assays. The putative -1488/-1482 AP-1 responsive element was identified by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), re-ChIP, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to characterize the interaction of ERα and AP-1 at the -1488/-1482 AP-1 binding site. The MAPK pathway was evaluated using a specific inhibitor and active transfection. RESULTS The expression of AHSG was estrogen responsive in both OVX rats and estradiol (E2)/ERα-treated HepG2 cells. E2/ERα most prominently increased luciferase activity of a construct with a putative -1488/-1482 AP-1 binding element. ERα interacted with the c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimer and indirectly associated with the -1488/-1482 AP-1 motif of the AHSG promoter. c-Jun/c-Fos expression was increased via the MAPK pathway by E2/ERα. CONCLUSION Estrogen activated the transcription of AHSG through an indirect binding of ERα to the -1488/-1482 AP-1 binding element, with the c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
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21
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Lippi G, Favaloro EJ, Plebani M. Proteomic analysis of venous thromboembolism. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:275-82. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Prentice RL, Zhao S, Johnson M, Aragaki A, Hsia J, Jackson RD, Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Hanash SM. Proteomic risk markers for coronary heart disease and stroke: validation and mediation of randomized trial hormone therapy effects on these diseases. Genome Med 2013; 5:112. [PMID: 24373343 PMCID: PMC3971342 DOI: 10.1186/gm517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported mass spectrometry-based proteomic discovery research to identify novel plasma proteins related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and to identify proteins with concentrations affected by the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Here we report CHD and stroke risk validation studies for highly ranked proteins, and consider the extent to which protein concentration changes relate to disease risk or provide an explanation for hormone therapy effects on these outcomes. METHODS Five proteins potentially associated with CHD (beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), thrombospondin-1(THBS1), complement factor D pre-protein (CFD), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1)) and five potentially associated with stroke (B2M, IGFBP2, IGFBP4, IGFBP6, and hemopexin (HPX)) had high discovery phase significance level ranking and an available ELISA assay, and were included in case-control validation studies within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy trials. Protein concentrations, at baseline and 1 year following randomization, were assessed for 358 CHD cases and 362 stroke cases, along with corresponding disease-free controls. Disease association, and mediation of estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin effects on CHD and stroke risk, were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS B2M, THBS1, and CFD were confirmed (P <0.05) as novel CHD risk markers, and B2M, IGFBP2, and IGFBP4 were confirmed as novel stroke disease risk markers, while the assay for HPX proved to be unreliable. The change from baseline to 1 year in B2M was associated (P <0.05) with subsequent stroke risk, and trended similarly with subsequent CHD risk. Change from baseline to 1 year in IGFBP1 was also associated with CHD risk, and this change provided evidence of hormone therapy effect mediation. CONCLUSIONS Plasma B2M is confirmed to be an informative risk marker for both CHD and stroke. The B2M increase experienced by women during the first year of hormone therapy trial participation conveys cardiovascular disease risk. The increase in IGFBP1 similarly conveys CHD risk, and the magnitude of the IGFBP1 increase following hormone therapy may be a mediator of hormone therapy effects. Plasma THBS1 and CFD are confirmed as CHD risk markers, and plasma IGFBP4 and IGFBP2 are confirmed as stroke risk markers. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Aragaki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Judith Hsia
- Research and Development, AstraZeneca LP, 1971 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, The Ohio State University, 376 West Tenth Avenue, Suite 205, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacques E Rossouw
- WHI Project Office, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Red and Charline McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6767 Bertner Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liumbruno GM, Franchini M. Proteomic analysis of venous thromboembolism: an update. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 10:179-88. [PMID: 23573784 DOI: 10.1586/epr.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a complex, multifactorial disorder, the pathogenesis of which typically involves a variety of inherited or acquired factors. The multifactorial etiology of this disease and the partial correlation between genotype and prothrombotic phenotype limit greatly the value of genetic analysis in assessing thrombotic risk. The integration of several new 'omics' techniques enables a multifaceted and holistic approach to the study of venous thrombotic processes and pave the way to the search and identification of novel blood biomarkers and/or effectors of thrombus formation that can also be the possible future target of new anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies for more personalized medicine. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest candidate proteomic biomarkers of venous thrombosis and of the proteomics studies relevant to its pathophysiology, some of which seem to confirm the existence of a common physiopathological basis for venous thromboembolism and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Maria Liumbruno
- UOC di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale and UOC di Patologia Clinica, San Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy.
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Hansen JA, Hanash SM, Tabellini L, Baik C, Lawler RL, Grogan BM, Storer B, Chin A, Johnson M, Wong CH, Zhang Q, Martin PJ, McDonald GB. A novel soluble form of Tim-3 associated with severe graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1323-30. [PMID: 23791624 PMCID: PMC3966623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The T cell Ig and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) receptor has been implicated as a negative regulator of adaptive immune responses. We have utilized a proteomic strategy to identify novel proteins associated with graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma from subjects with mid-gut and upper-gut GVHD compared with those without GVHD identified increased levels of a protein identified with high confidence as Tim-3. A follow-up validation study using an immunoassay to measure Tim-3 levels in individual plasma samples from 127 patients demonstrated significantly higher plasma Tim-3 concentrations in patients with the more severe mid-gut GVHD, compared with those with upper-gut GVHD (P = .005), patients without GVHD (P = .002), and normal controls (P < .0001). Surface expression of Tim-3 was increased on CD8(+) T cells from patients with grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD (P = .01). Mass spectrometry-based profiling of plasma from multiple subjects diagnosed with common diseases provided evidence for restricted release of soluble Tim-3 in the context of GVHD. These findings have mechanistic implications for the development of novel strategies for targeting the Tim-3 immune regulatory pathway as an approach to improving control of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hansen
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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Chao T, Ladd JJ, Qiu J, Johnson MM, Israel R, Chin A, Wang H, Prentice RL, Feng Z, Disis ML, Hanash S. Proteomic profiling of the autoimmune response to breast cancer antigens uncovers a suppressive effect of hormone therapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:327-36. [PMID: 23401414 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteomics technologies are well suited for harnessing the immune response to tumor antigens for diagnostic applications as in the case of breast cancer. We previously reported a substantial impact of hormone therapy (HT) on the proteome. Here, we investigated the effect of HT on the immune response toward breast tumor antigens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasmas collected 0-10 months prior to diagnosis of ER+ breast cancer from 190 postmenopausal women and 190 controls that participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were analyzed for the effect of HT on IgG reactivity against arrayed proteins from MCF-7 or SKBR3 breast cancer cell line lysates following extensive fractionation. RESULTS HT user cases exhibited significantly reduced autoantibody reactivity against arrayed proteins compared to cases who were Not Current users. An associated reduced level of IL-6 and other immune-related cytokines was observed among HT users relative to nonusers. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest occurrence of a global altered immune response to breast cancer-derived proteins associated with HT. Thus a full understanding of factors that modulate the immune response is necessary to translate autoantibody panels into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Chao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Josse AR, Garcia-Bailo B, Fischer K, El-Sohemy A. Novel effects of hormonal contraceptive use on the plasma proteome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45162. [PMID: 22984625 PMCID: PMC3440362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use may increase cardiometabolic risk; however, the effect of HC on emerging cardiometabolic and other disease risk factors is not clear. Objectives To determine the association between HC use and plasma proteins involved in established and emerging disease risk pathways. Method Concentrations of 54 high-abundance plasma proteins were measured simultaneously by LC-MRM/MS in 783 women from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured separately. ANCOVA was used to test differences in protein concentrations between users and non-users, and among HC users depending on total hormone dose. Linear regression was used to test the association between duration (years) of HC use and plasma protein concentrations. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to identify plasma proteomic profiles in users and non-users. Results After Bonferroni correction, 19 proteins involved in inflammation, innate immunity, coagulation and blood pressure regulation were significantly different between users and non-users (P<0.0009). These differences were replicated across three distinct ethnocultural groups. Traditional markers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also significantly higher among HC users. Neither hormone dose nor duration of use affected protein concentrations. PCA identified 4 distinct proteomic profiles in users and 3 in non-users. Conclusion HC use was associated with different concentrations of plasma proteins along various disease-related pathways, and these differences were present across different ethnicities. Aside from the known effect of HC on traditional biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, HC use also affects numerous proteins that may be biomarkers of dysregulation in inflammation, coagulation and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Josse
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bibiana Garcia-Bailo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karina Fischer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Huang Y, Ballinger DG, Stokowski R, Beilharz E, Robinson JG, Liu S, Robinson RD, Henderson VW, Rossouw JE, Prentice RL. Exploring the interaction between SNP genotype and postmenopausal hormone therapy effects on stroke risk. Genome Med 2012; 4:57. [PMID: 22794791 PMCID: PMC3580413 DOI: 10.1186/gm358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic regions that are associated with stroke risk, but these provide an explanation for only a small fraction of familial stroke aggregation. Genotype by environment interactions may contribute further to such an explanation. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial found increased stroke risk with postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and provides an efficient setting for evaluating genotype-HT interaction on stroke risk. METHODS We examined HT by genotype interactions for 392 SNPs selected from candidate gene studies, and 2,371 SNPs associated with changes in blood protein concentrations after hormone therapy, in analyses that included 2,045 postmenopausal women who developed stroke during WHI clinical trial and observational study follow-up and one-to-one matched controls. A two-stage procedure was implemented where SNPs passing the first stage screening based on marginal association with stroke risk were tested in the second stage for interaction with HT using case-only analysis. RESULTS The two-stage procedure identified two SNPs, rs2154299 and rs12194855, in the coagulation factor XIII subunit A (F13A1) region and two SNPs, rs630431 and rs560892, in the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) region, with an estimated false discovery rate <0.05 based on interaction tests. Further analyses showed significant stroke risk interaction between these F13A1 SNPs and estrogen plus progestin (E+P) treatment for ischemic stroke and for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke combined, and suggested interactions between PCSK9 SNPs with either E+P or estrogen-alone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Genotype by environment interaction information may help to define genomic regions relevant to stroke risk. Two-stage analysis among postmenopausal women generates novel hypotheses concerning the F13A1 and PCSK9 genomic regions and the effects of hormonal exposures on postmenopausal stroke risk for subsequent independent validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dennis G Ballinger
- Complete Genomics, Inc, 2071 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Renee Stokowski
- Aria Diagnostics, 5945 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
| | - Erica Beilharz
- Complete Genomics, Inc, 2071 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Jennifer G Robinson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Medicine Admin. Bldg, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Randal D Robinson
- School of Medicine, UT Heath Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacques E Rossouw
- Women's Health Initiative Project Office, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Amon LM, Pitteri SJ, Li CI, McIntosh M, Ladd JJ, Disis M, Porter P, Wong CH, Zhang Q, Lampe P, Prentice RL, Hanash SM. Concordant release of glycolysis proteins into the plasma preceding a diagnosis of ER+ breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1935-42. [PMID: 22367215 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the identification of peripheral blood biomarkers would enhance early detection strategies for breast cancer, the discovery of protein markers has been challenging. In this study, we sought to identify coordinated changes in plasma proteins associated with breast cancer based on large-scale quantitative mass spectrometry. We analyzed plasma samples collected up to 74 weeks before diagnosis from 420 estrogen receptor (ER)(+) cases and matched controls enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative cohort. A gene set enrichment analysis was applied to 467 quantified proteins, linking their corresponding genes to particular biologic pathways. On the basis of differences in the concentration of individual proteins, glycolysis pathway proteins exhibited a statistically significant difference between cases and controls. In particular, the enrichment was observed among cases in which blood was drawn closer to diagnosis (effect size for the 0-38 weeks prediagnostic group, 1.91; P, 8.3E-05). Analysis of plasmas collected at the time of diagnosis from an independent set of cases and controls confirmed upregulated levels of glycolysis proteins among cases relative to controls. Together, our findings indicate that the concomitant release of glycolysis proteins into the plasma is a pathophysiologic event that precedes a diagnosis of ER(+) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Amon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Abstract
Despite the widespread use of mammography for breast cancer screening, breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The identification of blood-based biomarkers useful for the early detection of breast cancer could have a major impact on reducing breast cancer disease burden by identifying cancers early when they are most treatable. We conducted a series of large-scale proteomic discovery and validation studies using preclinical samples from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study prospective cohort. Of the 503 proteins quantified in experiments conducted on samples from ER(+) breast cancer patients and matched controls, 57 differentiated cases from controls. The seven candidates were assessed in an independent validation set with a commercially available ELISA assay. We confirmed that one of these candidates, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was elevated in cases versus controls. Compared to women in the lowest EGFR quartile, those in the highest quartile has a 2.90-fold (p = 0.0005) increased risk of developing breast cancer. An interaction with use of menopausal hormone therapy was observed such that among current estrogen plus progestin users, those in the highest EGFR quartile had a 9.04-fold (p = 0.0004) increased risk of developing breast cancer. While the performance of EGFR in terms of sensitivity and specificity is insufficient for it to be used on its own clinically, the formal validation of EGFR suggests that there may indeed be changes in the plasma proteome prior to the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer that are detectable and of potential clinical utility.
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Hanash S. Progress in mining the human proteome for disease applications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:133-9. [PMID: 21375461 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently available technologies allow in-depth analysis of multiple facets of the proteome that have clinical relevance and that complement current genomics-based approaches. Although some progress has been made in our knowledge of the human proteome in health and in disease, there is an urgent need to chart a coherent road map with clearly defined milestones to guide proteomics efforts. Areas of emphasis include: (1) building resources, (2) filling gaps in our understanding of biological variation, and (3) systematically characterizing proteome alterations that occur in well-defined disease states, all of which require an organized and collaborative effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hanash
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA.
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Prentice RL. Biomarkers and the risk of stroke in the Women's Health Initiative. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 7:269-273. [PMID: 21612347 DOI: 10.2217/whe.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Abstract
Profiling of serum and plasma proteins has substantial relevance to the discovery of circulating disease biomarkers. However, the extreme complexity and vast dynamic range of protein abundance in serum and plasma present a formidable challenge for protein analysis. Thus, integration of multiple technologies is required to achieve high-resolution and high-sensitivity proteomic analysis of serum or plasma. In this chapter, we describe an orthogonal multidimensional intact-protein analysis system (IPAS) (Wang et al., Mol Cell Proteomics 4:618-625, 2005) coupled with protein tagging (Faca et al., J Proteome Res 5:2009-2018, 2006) to profile the serum and plasma proteomes quantitatively, which we have applied in our biomarker discovery studies (Katayama et al., Genome Med 1:47, 2009; Faca et al., PLoS Med 5:e123, 2008; Zhang et al. Genome Biol 9:R93, 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, North Seattle, WA, USA
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Pitteri SJ, Hanash SM. Confounding effects of hormone replacement therapy in protein biomarker studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 20:134-9. [PMID: 21037107 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently investigated effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum proteome, and found a high proportion of proteins with altered levels associated with oral estrogen and/or estrogen plus progesterone treatment. Given this finding, we have investigated the extent to which exposure to HRT may have a confounding effect in the assessment of circulating proteins as cancer biomarkers. METHODS We utilize mass spectrometry data collected from the HRT serum proteome studies to estimate the overall effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on candidate ovarian cancer biomarkers that have been previously reported. RESULTS Levels of approximately half of the proteins reported as potential ovarian cancer biomarkers were found to be affected by HRT. The impact of HRT on levels of insulin-like growth factor and inhibin protein families was found to be substantial. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the potential confounding effect of HRT and other types of exposures should be taken into consideration in cancer biomarker study design. IMPACT HRT significantly affects the serum proteome and should be taken into account as part of biomarker study design and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Pitteri
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Pitteri SJ, Amon LM, Busald Buson T, Zhang Y, Johnson MM, Chin A, Kennedy J, Wong CH, Zhang Q, Wang H, Lampe PD, Prentice RL, McIntosh MW, Hanash SM, Li CI. Detection of elevated plasma levels of epidermal growth factor receptor before breast cancer diagnosis among hormone therapy users. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8598-606. [PMID: 20959476 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Applying advanced proteomic technologies to prospectively collected specimens from large studies is one means of identifying preclinical changes in plasma proteins that are potentially relevant to the early detection of diseases such as breast cancer. We conducted 14 independent quantitative proteomics experiments comparing pooled plasma samples collected from 420 estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer patients ≤17 months before their diagnosis and matched controls. Based on the more than 3.4 million tandem mass spectra collected in the discovery set, 503 proteins were quantified, of which 57 differentiated cases from controls with a P value of <0.1. Seven of these proteins, for which quantitative ELISA assays were available, were assessed in an independent validation set. Of these candidates, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was validated as a predictor of breast cancer risk in an independent set of preclinical plasma samples for women overall [odds ratio (OR), 1.44; P = 0.0008] and particularly for current users of estrogen plus progestin (E + P) menopausal hormone therapy (OR, 2.49; P = 0.0001). Among current E + P users, the EGFR sensitivity for breast cancer risk was 31% with 90% specificity. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of EGFR are insufficient for a clinically useful early detection biomarker, this study suggests that proteins that are elevated preclinically in women who go on to develop breast cancer can be discovered and validated using current proteomic technologies. Further studies are warranted to examine the role of EGFR and to discover and validate other proteins that could potentially be used for early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Pitteri
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
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The effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on serum estrogen, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2010; 17:622-9. [PMID: 20215977 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cb49e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in disease outcomes between users and nonusers of hormone therapy (HT) and between users of estrogen therapy (ET) and users of estrogen + progesterone therapy (EPT) may relate to differences in serum hormone concentrations between these populations. In this study, we examined the response of serum hormone levels in healthy postmenopausal women after 1 year of HT. METHODS A representative subsample of 200 healthy adherent participants from the active and placebo groups of the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled clinical trials of ET (conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg daily) or EPT (ET plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg daily) were selected for the determination of selected sex hormone levels at baseline and 1 year after randomization. RESULTS In participants receiving active ET intervention compared with placebo, estrogenic hormone levels increased from baseline to year 1 by 3.6-fold for total estrone, 2.7-fold for total estradiol, and 1.8-fold for bioavailable and free estradiol concentrations. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations also increased 2.5-fold. In contrast, progesterone levels decreased slightly in women taking exogenous EPT. The response of serum estrogens and sex hormone-binding globulin did not differ substantially with the addition of progesterone. In subgroup analyses, hormone response varied by age, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, vasomotor symptoms, and baseline hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a reference point for the serum hormone response to HT and demonstrate that the response of serum estrogens is similar for ET and EPT. The implications of the slight decrease in serum progesterone levels with EPT therapy are uncertain. Potential treatment interactions for estrogenic hormones were identified, which suggest a larger response to HT in women with low endogenous levels.
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Prentice RL, Paczesny S, Aragaki A, Amon LM, Chen L, Pitteri SJ, McIntosh M, Wang P, Buson Busald T, Hsia J, Jackson RD, Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Johnson K, Eaton C, Hanash SM. Novel proteins associated with risk for coronary heart disease or stroke among postmenopausal women identified by in-depth plasma proteome profiling. Genome Med 2010; 2:48. [PMID: 20667078 PMCID: PMC2923740 DOI: 10.1186/gm169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were key outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trials of postmenopausal estrogen and estrogen plus progestin therapy. We recently reported a large number of changes in blood protein concentrations in the first year following randomization in these trials using an in-depth quantitative proteomics approach. However, even though many affected proteins are in pathways relevant to the observed clinical effects, the relationships of these proteins to CHD and stroke risk among postmenopausal women remains substantially unknown. Methods The same in-depth proteomics platform was applied to plasma samples, obtained at enrollment in the WHI Observational Study, from 800 women who developed CHD and 800 women who developed stroke during cohort follow-up, and from 1-1 matched controls. A plasma pooling strategy, followed by extensive fractionation prior to mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins related to disease incidence, and the overlap of these proteins with those affected by hormone therapy was examined. Replication studies, using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were carried out in the WHI hormone therapy trial cohorts. Results Case versus control concentration differences were suggested for 37 proteins (nominal P < 0.05) for CHD, with three proteins, beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit (IGFALS) having a false discovery rate < 0.05. Corresponding numbers for stroke were 47 proteins with nominal P < 0.05, three of which, apolipoprotein A-II precursor (APOA2), peptidyl-prolyl isomerase A (PPIA), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), have a false discovery rate < 0.05. Other proteins involved in insulin-like growth factor signaling were also highly ranked. The associations of B2M with CHD (P < 0.001) and IGFBP4 with stroke (P = 0.005) were confirmed using ELISA in replication studies, and changes in these proteins following the initiation of hormone therapy use were shown to have potential to help explain hormone therapy effects on those diseases. Conclusions In-depth proteomic discovery analysis of prediagnostic plasma samples identified B2M and IGFBP4 as risk markers for CHD and stroke respectively, and provided a number of candidate markers of disease risk and candidate mediators of hormone therapy effects on CHD and stroke. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Amon LM, Law W, Fitzgibbon MP, Gross JA, O'Briant K, Peterson A, Drescher C, Martin DB, McIntosh M. Integrative proteomic analysis of serum and peritoneal fluids helps identify proteins that are up-regulated in serum of women with ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11137. [PMID: 20559444 PMCID: PMC2886122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used intensive modern proteomics approaches to identify predictive proteins in ovary cancer. We identify up-regulated proteins in both serum and peritoneal fluid. To evaluate the overall performance of the approach we track the behavior of 20 validated markers across these experiments. METHODOLOGY Mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics following extensive protein fractionation was used to compare serum of women with serous ovarian cancer to healthy women and women with benign ovarian tumors. Quantitation was achieved by isotopically labeling cysteine amino acids. Label-free mass spectrometry was used to compare peritoneal fluid taken from women with serous ovarian cancer and those with benign tumors. All data were integrated and annotated based on whether the proteins have been previously validated using antibody-based assays. FINDINGS We selected 54 quantified serum proteins and 358 peritoneal fluid proteins whose case-control differences exceeded a predefined threshold. Seventeen proteins were quantified in both materials and 14 are extracellular. Of 19 validated markers that were identified all were found in cancer peritoneal fluid and a subset of 7 were quantified in serum, with one of these proteins, IGFBP1, newly validated here. CONCLUSION Proteome profiling applied to symptomatic ovarian cancer cases identifies a large number of up-regulated serum proteins, many of which are or have been confirmed by immunoassays. The number of currently known validated markers is highest in peritoneal fluid, but they make up a higher percentage of the proteins observed in both serum and peritoneal fluid, suggesting that the 10 additional markers in this group may be high quality candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Amon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wendy Law
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Fitzgibbon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Gross
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathy O'Briant
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amelia Peterson
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Charles Drescher
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel B. Martin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martin McIntosh
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Henderson VW, Brinton RD. Menopause and mitochondria: windows into estrogen effects on Alzheimer's disease risk and therapy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2010; 182:77-96. [PMID: 20541661 PMCID: PMC5776041 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(10)82003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic derangements and oxidative stress are early events in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Multi-faceted effects of estrogens include improved cerebral metabolic profile and reduced oxidative stress through actions on mitochondria, suggesting that a woman's endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposures during midlife and in the late post-menopause might favourably influence Alzheimer risk and symptoms. This prediction finds partial support in the clinical literature. As expected, early menopause induced by oophorectomy may increase cognitive vulnerability; however, there is no clear link between age at menopause and Alzheimer risk in other settings, or between natural menopause and memory loss. Further, among older post-menopausal women, initiating estrogen-containing hormone therapy increases dementia risk and probably does not improve Alzheimer's disease symptoms. As suggested by the 'critical window' or 'healthy cell' hypothesis, better outcomes might be expected from earlier estrogen exposures. Some observational results imply that effects of hormone therapy on Alzheimer risk are indeed modified by age at initiation, temporal proximity to menopause, or a woman's health. However, potential methodological biases warrant caution in interpreting observational findings. Anticipated results from large, ongoing clinical trials [Early Versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE), Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)] will help settle whether midlife estrogen therapy improves midlife cognitive skills but not whether midlife estrogen exposures modify late-life Alzheimer risk. Estrogen effects on mitochondria adumbrate the potential relevance of estrogens to Alzheimer's disease. However, laboratory models are inexact embodiments of Alzheimer pathogenesis and progression, making it difficult to surmise net effects of estrogen exposures. Research needs include better predictors of adverse cognitive outcomes, biomarkers for risks associated with hormone therapy, and tools for monitoring brain function and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Henderson
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Pitteri SJ, Hanash SM, Aragaki A, Amon LM, Chen L, Busald Buson T, Paczesny S, Katayama H, Wang H, Johnson MM, Zhang Q, McIntosh M, Wang P, Kooperberg C, Rossouw JE, Jackson RD, Manson JE, Hsia J, Liu S, Martin L, Prentice RL. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin effects on the serum proteome. Genome Med 2009; 1:121. [PMID: 20034393 PMCID: PMC2808737 DOI: 10.1186/gm121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women's Health Initiative randomized trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy reported intervention effects on several clinical outcomes, with some important differences between estrogen alone and estrogen plus progestin. The biologic mechanisms underlying these effects, and these differences, have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods Baseline serum samples were compared with samples drawn 1 year later for 50 women assigned to active hormone therapy in both the estrogen-plus-progestin and estrogen-alone randomized trials, by applying an in-depth proteomic discovery platform to serum pools from 10 women per pool. Results In total, 378 proteins were quantified in two or more of the 10 pooled serum comparisons, by using strict identification criteria. Of these, 169 (44.7%) showed evidence (nominal P < 0.05) of change in concentration between baseline and 1 year for one or both of estrogen-plus-progestin and estrogen-alone groups. Quantitative changes were highly correlated between the two hormone-therapy preparations. A total of 98 proteins had false discovery rates < 0.05 for change with estrogen plus progestin, compared with 94 for estrogen alone. Of these, 84 had false discovery rates <0.05 for both preparations. The observed changes included multiple proteins relevant to coagulation, inflammation, immune response, metabolism, cell adhesion, growth factors, and osteogenesis. Evidence of differential changes also was noted between the hormone preparations, with the strongest evidence in growth factor and inflammation pathways. Conclusions Serum proteomic analyses yielded a large number of proteins similarly affected by estrogen plus progestin and by estrogen alone and identified some proteins and pathways that appear to be differentially affected between the two hormone preparations; this may explain their distinct clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Pitteri
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Veenstra TD. Using a global proteomic approach to identify proteins affected by estrogen therapy. Genome Med 2009; 1:58. [PMID: 19519954 PMCID: PMC2703867 DOI: 10.1186/gm58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in technological capabilities for measuring biological molecules, there is a greater trend to conduct non-biased, discovery-driven studies that collect information on hundreds of molecules in a single study. The hope is that novel findings can be detected within these large datasets. For protein analysis, these non-biased studies are particularly challenging as no technology is presently capable of providing a view of the entire proteome. The ability of non-biased studies to accurately detect specific differences within the proteomes of samples obtained from differentially treated individuals must be conclusively demonstrated before investigators will routinely adopt these methods as part of their experimental protocols. This need is especially true for clinical and epidemiological studies in which limited amounts of samples are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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