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Dubucs C, N'Go V, Caillet A, Cifuentes EA, Beau AB, Frémont F, Hurault-Delarue C, Courtade-Saïdi M, Damase-Michel C. The EFEMEREYE Study: prenatal medication exposure and ocular anomaly occurrence in EFEMERIS health database. J AAPOS 2024:103931. [PMID: 38719141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe ocular anomalies (OAs) in children and fetuses in a French general population, to estimate their prevalence, and to investigate a possible association between prenatal medication exposure and the occurrence of OA in utero or in early childhood. METHODS We conducted a case-control study using the EFEMERIS cohort, a database containing pregnancies registered in Haute-Garonne and their outcomes. We collected OA descriptions of fetuses at the time of pregnancy termination or of children at birth and the results of eye examinations of children at 9 months and 2 years of age. RESULTS The prevalence of overall OAs was 2.13%, of which 0.04% were congenital ocular malformations (COMs). A total of 2,968 cases and 136,619 controls were selected for analysis. There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to prenatal exposure to medications for the digestive tract and metabolism, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system. Multivariable analysis revealed an increased risk of OA in children of mothers exposed to magnesium during and 1 month before pregnancy (OR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38). CONCLUSIONS This first pharmaco-epidemiological study on OA in France suggests that OA may be associated with exposure to commonly used medications. Given the rarity of COM, larger, international studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dubucs
- Département d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France; Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Van N'Go
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Caillet
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Erika-Alejandra Cifuentes
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anna-Belle Beau
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Félix Frémont
- Clinique Honoré Cave, Montauban, France; Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Hurault-Delarue
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christine Damase-Michel
- Unité de Pharmaco-épidémiologie, UMR 1027, équipe SPHERE - Study of Perinatal, paediatric and adolescent Health: Epidemiological Research and Evaluation, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de pharmacologie, équipe médicament et grossesse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Huang J, Zheng W, Wang A, Han W, Chen J, An H, Yan L, Li Z, Li G. Molybdenum Concentration and the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study - Beijing Municipality, China, 2018-2020. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:261-266. [PMID: 38633198 PMCID: PMC11018551 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? The level of molybdenum (Mo) in a mother's urine has been linked to the growth rate of the fetus and the blood pressure levels in children. What is added by this report? We evaluated the variations in maternal plasma Mo concentrations throughout pregnancy and their potential association with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). What are the implications for public health practice? Future research must determine the Mo levels in pregnant women across various regions in China. Moreover, particular attention needs to be given to the potential increase in Mo concentration throughout pregnancy and its possible adverse impacts on the health of both the mother and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxi Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang An
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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Huang D, Wang S. Association between urine uranium and asthma prevalence. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1326258. [PMID: 38259799 PMCID: PMC10800476 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that urine uranium (U) is associated with asthma prevalence in adults. However, the association between them among the general population is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this unclear association. Methods The data of the participants were collected from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) performed in the United States. Continuous variables with a skewed distribution were analyzed using Ln-transformation. The association between urine U and asthma prevalence was analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and the linear association between them was evaluated by smoothed curve fitting. The subgroup analysis was performed using the hierarchical multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 13,581 participants were included in our analysis. The multivariate regression analysis showed that LnU was independently and positively correlated with asthma prevalence in the general population (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.20; p = 0.002). The subgroup analysis revealed that college graduate or above showed a stronger association between LnU and asthma prevalence (<9th grade: OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.61-1.14; 9-11th grade: OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.99-1.52; high school grade: OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.84-1.19; college: OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91-1.19; ≥college graduate: OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11-1.57; P for interaction = 0.0389). Conclusion Our research suggested that urinary U levels are positively associated with asthma prevalence among the general population of the United States, and the association is especially strong among people with high levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saibin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
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Gang H, Zuo J, Jia Z, Liu H, Xia W, Xu S, Shen Y, Li Y. Trimester-Specific Urinary Strontium Concentrations during Pregnancy and Longitudinally Assessed Fetal Growth: Findings from a Prospective Cohort. J Nutr 2024; 154:224-232. [PMID: 37984738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have claimed that strontium (Sr) is associated with fetal growth, but the research evidence is insufficient. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to evaluate associations of trimester-specific urinary Sr concentrations with fetal growth parameters and birth size indicators. METHODS In this prospective cohort, 9015 urine samples (first trimester: 3561, 2nd trimester: 2756, 3rd trimester: 2698) from 3810 mothers were measured for urinary Sr levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and adjusted to urine specific gravity. We calculated standard deviation scores (SD-scores) for ultrasound-measured fetal growth parameters (head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight) at 16, 24, 31, and 37 wk of gestation and birth size indicators (birth weight, birth length, and Ponderal index). Generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations models were used. Models were adjusted for potential covariates (gestational age, maternal age, body mass index, parity, passive smoking during pregnancy, education, folic acid supplements use, physical activity, maternal and paternal height, and infant sex). RESULTS Positive associations of naturally logarithm-transformed Sr concentrations with fetal growth parameters and birth size indicators were observed. With each doubling increase in the urinary ln-Sr level in all 3 trimesters resulting in a percent change in SD-scores fetal growth parameters at 24, 31, and 37 wk of gestation and birth size indicators, 5.09%-8.23% in femur length, 7.57%-11.53% in estimated fetal weight, 6.56%-10.42% in abdominal circumference, 6.25% in head circumference, 5.15%-7.85% in birth weight, and 5.71%-9.39% in birth length, respectively. Most of the above statistical results could only be observed in male fetuses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential association between Sr concentration and increased fetal growth, but these results and underlying mechanisms need further confirmation and clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Gang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Gynaecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Murata T, Kyozuka H, Fukuda T, Imaizumi K, Isogami H, Yasuda S, Yamaguchi A, Sato A, Ogata Y, Shinoki K, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Hashimoto K, Nishigori H, Fujimori K. Maternal magnesium intake and childhood wheezing in offspring at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1973-1981. [PMID: 37232101 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between maternal magnesium intake (MMI) and childhood wheezing incidence in 3-year-old offspring. We hypothesised that higher MMI imparts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that decrease childhood wheezing incidence in offspring. Data of 79 907 women (singleton pregnancy, ≥ 22 weeks) from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (enrolled between 2011 and 2014) were analysed. Participants were categorised into quintiles of MMI (< 148·00, 148·00-187·99, 188·00-228·99, 229·00-289·99 and ≥ 290·00 mg/d), quintiles of adjusted MMI for daily energy intake (aMMI) (< 0·107, 0·107-0·119, 0·120-0·132, 0·133-0·149 and ≥ 0·150 mg/kcal) and MMI levels either below or above the ideal value (< 310·00 or ≥ 310·00 mg/d). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate OR for the incidence of childhood wheezing in offspring among participants in each MMI category, with the lowest MMI group considered the reference group. Maternal demographic, socio-economic, medical and other nutrient intake backgrounds were considered potential confounding factors. The adjusted OR (aOR) for childhood wheezing in the offspring of women with the highest MMI was 1·09 (95 % CI, 1·00, 1·20), whereas that calculated based on aMMI categories and offspring of women with above-ideal MMI levels remained unchanged. The highest MMI was associated with slightly increased childhood wheezing incidence in the offspring. MMI during pregnancy had an insignificant clinical impact on this incidence; moreover, modifying MMI would not significantly improve childhood wheezing incidence in offspring. Therefore, further studies should clarify the association between other prenatal factors and childhood wheezing incidence in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Hyo Kyozuka
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Karin Imaizumi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Isogami
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamaguchi
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
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Wang Z, Dou Y, Guo W, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Jiang T, Qin R, Lv H, Lu Q, Jin G, Ma H, Hu Z, Liu H, Du J. Association between prenatal exposure to trace elements mixture and visual acuity in infants: A prospective birth cohort study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138905. [PMID: 37187369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal environmental factors may affect the development of the offspring and can bring long lasting consequences to the offspring's health. To date, only few studies have reported inconclusive association between prenatal single trace element exposure and visual acuity, and no studies have investigated the association between prenatal exposure to trace elements mixture and visual acuity in infants. METHODS In the prospective cohort study, grating acuity in infants (12 ± 1 months) was measured by Teller Acuity Cards II. Concentrations of 20 trace elements in maternal urine samples collected in early-trimester were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Elastic net regression (ENET) was applied to select important trace elements. Nonlinear associations of the trace elements levels with abnormal grating were explored using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method. The associations between selected individual elements and abnormal grating acuity were further appraised using the logistic regression model. Then Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was used to estimate the joint effects of mixture and interactions between trace elements combining with NLinteraction. RESULTS Of 932 mother-infant pairs, 70 infants had abnormal grating acuity. The ENET model produced 8 trace elements with non-zero coefficients, including cadmium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, rubidium, antimony, tin and titanium. RCS analyses identified no nonlinear associations of the 8 elements with abnormal grating acuity. The single-exposure analyses using logistic regression revealed that prenatal molybdenum exposure possessed a significantly positive association with abnormal grating acuity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.44 per IQR increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.96; P = 0.023), while prenatal nickel exposure presented with a significantly inverse association with abnormal grating acuity (OR: 0.64 per IQR increase, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.89; P = 0.009). Similar effects were also observed in BKMR models. Moreover, the BKMR models and NLinteraction method identified potential interaction between molybdenum and nickel. CONCLUSIONS We established that prenatal exposure to high concentration of molybdenum and low concentration of nickel was associated with the increased risk of abnormal visual acuity. Potential interaction may exist between molybdenum and nickel on abnormal visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Tong J, Liang C, Tao S, Geng M, Gan H, Yan S, Cao H, Xie L, Huang K, Tao F, Wu X. Association of maternal and cord blood barium exposure with preschoolers' intellectual function: Evidence from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC) study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160029. [PMID: 36356737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Barium is widely involved in drilling fluids, plastics, and personal care products. Although the neurodevelopmental toxicity of barium has been reported in animals, human data are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal barium concentrations on preschoolers' intellectual function based on a birth cohort study. METHODS A total of 2164 mother-child pairs from Ma'anshan city, China were included in this study. We measured serum barium concentrations in the first, second, and third trimesters and in cord blood. Intellectual function in children aged 3.0-6.0 years old was assessed using the Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV). Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between averaged barium exposure during pregnancy and intellectual function. Multiple informant models were performed to jointly test for differences in associations between four repeated barium exposure and intellectual function. All models were further stratified by child sex. RESULTS Collectively, we observed significant inverse associations of average maternal barium exposure levels with verbal comprehension index (VCI), visual spatial index (VSI), processing speed index (PSI), and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores. Maternal serum log10-transformed barium levels in the second trimester were inversely associated with VCI [-2.33 (95%CI: -4.02, -0.64)], VSI [-2.30 (95%CI: -4.08, -0.52)], working memory index (WMI) [-2.09 (95%CI: -3.71, -0.46)], PSI [-2.23 (95%CI: -3.82, -0.65)], and FSIQ scores [-2.73 (95%CI: -4.23, -1.22)]. Prenatal barium exposure was inversely associated with VCI, VSI, WMI, PSI, and FSIQ in girls, except for the fluid reasoning index (FRI). Additionally, inverse associations were found between prenatal barium exposure and VSI, PSI, and FSIQ in boys. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal barium exposure had detrimental effects on intellectual function in preschoolers and girls drove these inverse associations more than boys. The second trimester may be the critical window of neurotoxicity to barium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Menglong Geng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Xie
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Takami M, Ogra Y, Tanaka YK, Iwase H, Tanaka K, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Nakagawa H. Cadmium body burden and health effects after restoration of cadmium-polluted soils in cadmium-polluted areas in the Jinzu River basin. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:49. [PMID: 37690834 PMCID: PMC10495241 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itai-itai disease is caused by environmental cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Jinzu River basin in Japan. To reduce the Cd contamination of rice, soil restoration of paddy fields was carried out. We evaluated the effect of soil restoration on the health status of residents of the former Cd-polluted area. METHODS Participants were 1,030 men and 944 women who lived in the area of restoration of Cd-polluted rice paddies. First morning urine was collected and urinary Cd, β2-microglobulin (β2MG), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were measured. Associations among age, years of residence before and after soil restoration, and urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG levels were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The geometric mean (interquartile range) of urinary Cd (µg/g Cr) was 1.00 (0.58-1.68) in men and 1.67 (1.02-2.91) in women. The geometric means of urinary β2MG (µg/g Cr) and NAG (U/g Cr) were 174.6 (92.6-234.2) and 1.47 (0.72-3.14) in men, and 217.6 (115.3-28.7) and 1.48 (0.73-2.96) in women, respectively. Urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01 all). Age and duration of residence in the Cd-polluted area before soil restoration were independently associated with urinary Cd, β2MG, and NAG. Among the 916 participants who had resided in the area before the soil restoration, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly higher, thus by 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) in men and 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.05) in women, when the years of residence before soil restoration by each 5-years increment. By contrast, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly lower, thus 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) lower in men and 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.95-0.99) lower in women, by each 5-year increment of residence after soil restoration. A similar association was observed for urinary β2MG concentration, and no significant association was observed for urinary NAG levels in men or women. CONCLUSIONS Cd exposure and associated renal tubular dysfunction in residents of a former Cd-polluted area were influenced by Cd exposure from the environment prior to soil restoration. Soil restoration in Cd-polluted areas reduced the Cd exposure of local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takami
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
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Fujitani T, Lyu Z, Sassa MH, Harada KH. Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:63. [PMID: 37899210 PMCID: PMC10613555 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc absorption and competition among gut bacteria have been reported in animal studies. Thus, gut bacteria may modify zinc availability in humans. Metabolism of intestinal bacteria is known to be necessary for the activation of several phytoconstituents in the body. For example, equol, a typical substance of soybean isoflavone, is produced by intestinal bacteria metabolizing daidzein and the enterotype is one of distinct ones among Japanese population. The difference in the intestinal microflora can modify the bioavailability of zinc. In this study, we examined urinary zinc concentrations in adult female equol producers (EQPs). METHODS Urine samples from women participating in health examinations in Miyagi, Okinawa, Kyoto, Kochi, and Hokkaido prefectures were used; from total 17,484 samples, approximately 25 samples were randomly selected for each age group from 30 to 60 years per region (subsample: n = 520), and 520 samples with available urinary zinc concentration (determined by flame atomic absorption analysis) and enterobacterial type were analyzed. EQP was defined as log(equol/daidzein) ≥ -1.42, and urinary concentrations were corrected for creatinine concentration. Urinary zinc concentrations were compared by Student's t-test and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS The geometric mean urinary zinc concentration (µg/g-Cr) was lower in EQP than in non-EQP (p = 0.0136 by t-test after logarithm transformation). On the other hand, there was no correlation between urinary zinc concentration with daidzein (r = -0.0495, P = 0.436) and equol concentrations (r = -0.0721, P = 0.256). There was a significant negative association between urinary zinc concentration and EQP (β = -0.392, P = 0.0311) after adjusting with other potential confounding variables, such as daidzein intake. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gut bacteria that produce equol are involved in the metabolism of zinc. Based on previous studies, the bacteria that affect the metabolism of both substances are thought to be Enterococcus. Future studies are expected to identify specific intestinal bacteria for zinc availability and understand individual differences in the effects of micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Dahiri B, Martín-Carrasco I, Carbonero-Aguilar P, Cerrillos L, Ostos R, Fernández-Palacín A, Bautista J, Moreno I. Monitoring of metals and metalloids from maternal and cord blood samples in a population from Seville (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158687. [PMID: 36099946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is an increasing concern about exposition during prenatal stage to environmental pollutants such as metals, that make pregnant women a vulnerable group of population. Numerous studies have shown associations between the prenatal exposition to some metals and an impact on cognitive, motor and intellectual development of the child. Metals and metalloid are ubiquitous in the environment and pregnant women are exposed to them though their diet, lifestyle factors or occupational and environmental sources. One hundred of maternal and one hundred of cord blood samples were obtained at delivery from pregnant women after signing of the informed consent to determine simultaneously levels of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn by ICP-MS. Among these metals, essential ones (Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) can have health beneficial effects at low levels, however, in high concentration are potentially toxic. On the other hand, elements such as Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb are classified as toxic metals, no matter what its concentration was. The aim of this study was to find the potential relationships between these metals and metalloid levels, newborn's parameters, pregnancy details and the epidemiologic information obtained using a questionnaire data from the participant pregnant women from Seville (Spain). A n = 100 of participants have been enrolled, 15.6 % of the women from Virgen del Rocio Hospital were smokers during pregnancy but only 11.1 % from Virgen de Valme had the habit. Dietary habits of all participants from both hospital were quite similar in average rice, fish and canned food consumption. The characteristics of newborns were also quite similar for both hospitals. A positive correlation between maternal and cord blood was found between all metals except for Cr and Cu. The strongest correlation was found for Hg (r = 0.779, p < 0.005). Positive but weaker correlations between maternal blood and lifestyle habits were also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Dahiri
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Martín-Carrasco
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pilar Carbonero-Aguilar
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Lucas Cerrillos
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ostos
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstretrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Ctra. de Cádiz, 41014 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana Fernández-Palacín
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. Dr. Fedriani, s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Grison S, Souidi M. Use of omics analysis for low-dose radiotoxicology and health risk assessment: the case of uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac025. [PMID: 36518874 PMCID: PMC9743459 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollution and the increase in the incidence of multifactorial diseases in the population have become health problems for industrialized countries. In this context, the question of the health impact of exposure to these pollutants is not clearly identified in the low-dose range. This article looks at this problem using the example of preclinical studies of the effects of chronic low-dose exposure to uranium in rats. These studies demonstrate the value of molecular screening analyses (omics) and multimodal integrative approaches, of which the extreme sensitivity and breadth of observation spectrum make it possible to observe all the biological processes affected and the mechanisms of action triggered at the molecular level by exposure to low doses. They also show the value of these analytical approaches for finding diagnostic biomarkers or indicators of prognosis, which can be necessary to evaluate a risk. Finally, the results of these studies raise the question of the health risk caused by epigenomic deregulations occurring during critical developmental phases and their potential contribution to the development of chronic diseases that are metabolic in origin or to the development of certain cancer liable in the long term to affect the exposed adult and possibly its progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- *Correspondence address. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. Tel: +331-58-35-91-23; E-mail:
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Li S, Wang Q, Luo W, Jia S, Liu D, Ma W, Gu H, Wei X, He Y, Cao S, Yuan Z. Relationship between maternal heavy metal exposure and congenital heart defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55348-55366. [PMID: 35668266 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are one of the major causes of death in infants and young children, and heavy metal exposure during pregnancy is one of the possible risk factors. However, the effect of heavy metal exposure on CHDs is still controversial. We searched English (PubMed, Web of Science) and Chinese (CNKI and WanFang database) databases for relevant articles. The summarized effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by pooling estimates using the random-effects model. Egger's test was used to estimate publication bias. Heterogeneity among studies was indicated by p-values and I2. Finally, we conducted subgroup analyses to elucidate the causes of heterogeneity. Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. A positive association between maternal exposure to heavy metals and CHDs was found. Pooling odds ratios (ORs) for arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were 2.12, 1.30, 1.22, and 2.30, respectively for total CHDs. Regarding CHD subtypes, arsenic was associated with an increased risk of septal defects (OR: 1.82), barium with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) (OR: 1.15) and septal defects (OR: 1.21), and lead with conotruncal defects (OR: 2.34) and LVOTO (OR: 1.93). A heterogeneous relationship was found between studies using different methods of measurement, which were mainly due to differences in actual exposure levels to heavy metals. This meta-analysis suggests significant associations between arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead exposure during pregnancy and an increased risk of specific CHDs in offspring. These findings underscore the importance of heavy metal exposure during pregnancy in the risk of CHDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Ruan F, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun X, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Association between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and early childhood allergic diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112615. [PMID: 34968434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between prenatal exposure to the metal mixture and allergic diseases is poorly understood. We aimed to explore the individual effect and the combined effect of prenatal exposure to vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), thallium (Tl), and lead (Pb) on early childhood allergic diseases based on a birth cohort study that included 628 mother-infant pairs. Metals were measured in maternal urine samples collected in the first, second, and third trimesters. Children were prospectively followed up at age 4 years to collect information on allergic rhinitis, wheeze, and eczema status. By applying logistic regression models, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), the different statistical analyses revealed urinary metals were only associated with early childhood allergic rhinitis. The averaged prenatal As exposure was significantly associated with an increased OR for allergic rhinitis in both single-metal (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.07) and multiple-metal logistic regression models (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.78). The WQS index of mixed metal exposure was positively associated with allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.19), and As and Tl had the largest weights in the WQS index (weighted 0.51 and 0.29, respectively). The BKMR analysis also showed the overall effect of the metal mixture was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis when all the metals were at their 55th percentile or above, compared to their 50th percentile. The effect of As and Tl on the risk of allergic rhinitis was significant when all of the other metals were fixed at the specific percentiles. Our findings suggest that prenatal co-exposure to higher levels of the seven metals increases the risk of allergic rhinitis in children, and As and Tl may contribute most to the combined risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Lozano M, Murcia M, Soler-Blasco R, Casas M, Zubero B, Riutort-Mayol G, Gil F, Olmedo P, Grimalt JO, Amorós R, Lertxundi A, Vrijheid M, Ballester F, Llop S. Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: Levels and associated factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131809. [PMID: 34388877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. OBJECTIVES To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. METHODS Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. RESULTS The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lozano
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Sistemas de Información Sanitaria, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begotxu Zubero
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Gabriel Riutort-Mayol
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Amorós
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Neamtu RI, Craina M, Dahma G, Popescu AV, Erimescu AG, Citu I, Dobrescu A, Horhat FG, Vulcanescu DD, Gorun F, Bernad ES, Motoc A, Citu IC. Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:111. [PMID: 34970334 PMCID: PMC8713173 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of the fetus is a complex phenomenon that can be influenced by several variables. High quantities of heavy metal ions in the amniotic fluid have been linked to poor health, especially in industrial, polluted and poor areas. The aim of the present study was to assess the differences in the concentration of these ions between preterm (weeks 15-37) and term pregnancies (starting at week 37). Another objective was to compare pregnancies from two cities with different industry levels. Two sample lots from two Romanian cities were analyzed. A total of 100 patients from Timisoara were compared with 60 from Petrosani, a heavy industry city in Romania. Demographic data were collected, and amniocentesis was performed on all women. Lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were assessed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data and the Fisher's exact test for categorical data. In addition, categorical data was represented graphically. In the Timisoara cohort, the differences in heavy metal concentrations between preterm and term pregnancies were not statistically significant. In the Petrosani cohort, however, the concentrations of Zn (P=0.02606) and Cd (P=0.01512) were higher in preterm than in term pregnancies. When comparing the two cohorts as a whole, the concentration of Pb (P=0.04513), Cd (P=0.00002), As (P=0.03027) and Zn (P<0.00001) were higher in the patients from Petrosani than in those from Timisoara. Only Cu concentrations were higher in the Timisoara cohort (P<0.00001). The concentrations of Ni (P=0.78150) and Fe (P=0.44540) did not differ statistically. Thus, amniocentesis is an important diagnostic and exploratory tool in determining differences in the concentrations of elements such as heavy metal ions. Research over a longer period of time should be carried out to examine the relation between heavy metal ions concentration and possible postnatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ionut Neamtu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Craina
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - George Dahma
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Viorel Popescu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Geanina Erimescu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Citu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amadeus Dobrescu
- Department of Surgery, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (Multi-Rez), Microbiology Department, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Clinical Laboratory, 'Louis Turcanu' Emergency Hospital for Children, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Dumitru Vulcanescu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (Multi-Rez), Microbiology Department, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Clinical Laboratory, 'Louis Turcanu' Emergency Hospital for Children, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Gorun
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Silvia Bernad
- Department of Internal Medicine I, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Motoc
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Cosmin Citu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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16
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Sáez C, Sánchez A, Yusà V, Dualde P, Fernández SF, López A, Corpas-Burgos F, Aguirre MÁ, Coscollà C. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to 15 Essential and Toxic Elements in Spanish Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13012. [PMID: 34948623 PMCID: PMC8701213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This case study investigates the exposure of 119 Spanish women of reproductive age to 5 essential (Co, Cu, Mn, V, Zn) and 10 toxic (Ba, Be, Cs, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Th, Al, U) elements and assesses their risk. The essential elements (Co, Cu, Mn, V, and Zn) showed average concentrations (GM: geometric mean) of 0.8, 35, 0.5, 0.2, and 347 μg/L, respectively. Five of the toxic elements (Ba, Cs, Ni, Al, U) exhibited detection frequencies of 100%. The GM concentrations of the novel toxic elements were 12 μg/L (Al), 0.01 μg/L (Pt), 0.02 μg/L (U), 0.12 μg/L (Th), 0.009 μg/L (Be) and 4 μg/L (Cs). The urine analysis was combined with a survey to assess any variations between subgroups and potential predictors of exposure to elements in the female population. Significant differences were obtained between the rural and urban areas studied for the toxic element Cs, with higher levels found in mothers living in urban areas. In relation to diet, statistically significantly higher levels of essential (Cu) and toxic (Ba) elements were detected in women with a high consumption of fish, while mothers who consumed a large quantity of legumes presented higher levels of the toxic element Ni (p = 0.0134). In a risk-assessment context, hazard quotients (HQs) greater than 1 were only observed for the essential elements Zn and Cu in P95. No deficiency was found regarding the only essential element for which a biomonitoring equivalent for nutritional deficit is available (Zn). For the less-studied toxic elements (Al, Pt, U, Th, Be, and Cs), HQs were lower than 1, and thus, the health risk due to exposure to these elements is expected to be low for the female population under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sáez
- Public Health Laboratory of Alicante, 6 Plaza de España, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Public Health Laboratory of Alicante, 6 Plaza de España, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (C.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Sandra F. Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Institute of Materials, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (V.Y.); (P.D.); (S.F.F.); (A.L.); (F.C.-B.)
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