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Tao Z, Miao X, Shi Z. HD-ZIP IV Gene ROC1 Regulates Leaf Rolling and Drought Response Through Formation of Heterodimers with ROC5 and ROC8 in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:45. [PMID: 39060652 PMCID: PMC11282044 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Leaf morphology is a crucial agronomic characteristic of rice that influences crop yield directly. One primary cause of rice leaf rolling can be attributed to alterations in bulliform cells. Several HD-ZIP IV genes have been identified to be epidemical characterized and function in leaf rolling in rice. Still others need to be studied to fully understand the overall function of HD-ZIP IV family. Among the nine ROC genes encoding HD-ZIP IV family transcription factors in rice, ROC1 exhibits the highest expression in the leaves. Overexpression of ROC1 decreased the size of bulliform cells, and thus resulted in adaxially rolled leaves. To the contrary, knockout of ROC1 (ROC1KO) through Crispr-cas9 system enlarged bulliform cells, and thus led to abaxially rolled leaves. Moreover, ROC1KO plants were sensitive to drought. ROC1 could form homodimers on its own, and heterodimers with ROC5 and ROC8 respectively. Compared to ROC1KO plants, leaves of the ROC1 and ROC8 double knocked out plants (ROC1/8DKO) were more severely rolled abaxially due to enlarged bulliform cells, and ROC1/8DKO plants were more drought sensitive. However, overexpression of ROC8 could not restore the abaxial leaf phenotype of ROC1KO plants. Therefore, we proved that ROC1, a member of the HD-ZIP IV family, regulated leaf rolling and drought stress response through tight association with ROC5 and ROC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Xu X, Wang Y, Lu H, Zhao X, Jiang J, Liu M, Yang C. Morphological characterization and transcriptome analysis of rolled and narrow leaf mutant in soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:686. [PMID: 39026194 PMCID: PMC11264519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, the leaf functions as a solar panel, where photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. In soybean, leaf type traits, including leaf shape, leaf area, leaf width, and leaf width so on, are considered to be associated with yield. In this study, we performed morphological characterization, transcriptome analysis, and endogenous hormone analysis of a rolled and narrow leaf mutant line (rl) in soybean. RESULTS Compared with wild type HX3, mutant line rl showed rolled and narrower leaflet, and smaller leaf, meanwhile rl also performed narrower pod and narrower seed. Anatomical analysis of leaflet demonstrated that cell area of upper epidermis was bigger than the cell area of lower epidermis in rl, which may lead rolled and narrow leaf. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) genes (Glyma.06G028900, Glyma.09G225400, Glyma.13G104700, Glyma.14G099000, and Glyma.17G054500) were up-regulation dramatically, which may cause lower cytokinin level in rl. Endogenous hormone analysis verified that cytokinin content of rl was lower. Hormone treatment results indicated that 6-BA rescued rolled leaf enough, rescued partly narrow leaf. And after 6-BA treatment, the cell area was similar between upper epidermis and lower epidermis in rl. Although IAA content and ABA content were reduced in rl, but exogenous IAA and ABA didn't affect leaf type of HX3 and rl. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest abnormal cytokinin metabolism caused rolled and narrow leaf in rl, and provide valuable clues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying leaf development in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Housheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueqian Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiacan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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3
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Yang H, Huang J, Ye Y, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Li X, Ma Y, Lu T, Rao Y. Research Progress on Mechanical Strength of Rice Stalks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1726. [PMID: 38999566 PMCID: PMC11243543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most important food crops in the world, rice yield is directly related to national food security. Lodging is one of the most important factors restricting rice production, and the cultivation of rice varieties with lodging resistance is of great significance in rice breeding. The lodging resistance of rice is directly related to the mechanical strength of the stalks. In this paper, we reviewed the cell wall structure, its components, and its genetic regulatory mechanism, which improved the regulatory network of rice stalk mechanical strength. Meanwhile, we analyzed the new progress in genetic breeding and put forward some scientific problems that need to be solved in this field in order to provide theoretical support for the improvement and application of rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Li D, Fan L, Shu Q, Guo F. Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A alters leaf anatomy and plant architecture in rice. PLANTA 2024; 260:30. [PMID: 38879830 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of OsWOX9A induces narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves with larger bulliform cells and fewer large veins, probably through regulating the expression of auxin-related and expansin genes. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a pivotal role in plant development by regulating genes involved in various aspects of growth and differentiation. OsWOX9A (DWT1) has been linked to tiller growth, uniform plant growth, and flower meristem activity. However, its impact on leaf growth and development in rice has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the biological role of OsWOX9A in rice growth and development using transgenic plants. Overexpression of OsWOX9A conferred narrow adaxially rolled rice leaves and altered plant architecture. These plants exhibited larger bulliform cells and fewer larger veins compared to wild-type plants. OsWOX9A overexpression also reduced plant height, tiller number, and seed-setting rate. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed auxin-related and expansin genes in OsWOX9A overexpressing plants, consistent with their roles in leaf and plant development. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of OsWOX9A may have multiple effects on the development and growth of rice, providing a more comprehensive picture of how the WOX9 subfamily contributes to leaf development and plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu Guo
- Hainan Institute, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China.
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5
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Lin H, Jiang X, Qian C, Zhang Y, Meng X, Liu N, Li L, Wang J, Ju Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the HD-Zip Gene Family in Lagerstroemia for Regulating Plant Height. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:428. [PMID: 38674363 PMCID: PMC11049174 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) family of transcription factors is crucial in helping plants adapt to environmental changes and promoting their growth and development. Despite research on the HD-Zip family in various plants, studies in Lagerstroemia (crape myrtle) have not been reported. This study aimed to address this gap by comprehensively analyzing the HD-Zip gene family in crape myrtle. This study identified 52 HD-Zip genes in the genome of Lagerstroemia indica, designated as LinHDZ1-LinHDZ52. These genes were distributed across 22 chromosomes and grouped into 4 clusters (HD-Zip I-IV) based on their phylogenetic relationships. Most gene structures and motifs within each cluster were conserved. Analysis of protein properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting regulatory elements revealed diverse roles of LinHDZs in various biological contexts. Examining the expression patterns of these 52 genes in 6 tissues (shoot apical meristem, tender shoot, and mature shoot) of non-dwarf and dwarf crape myrtles revealed that 2 LinHDZs (LinHDZ24 and LinHDZ14) and 2 LinHDZs (LinHDZ9 and LinHDZ35) were respectively upregulated in tender shoot of non-dwarf crape myrtles and tender and mature shoots of dwarf crape myrtles, which suggested the important roles of these genes in regulate the shoot development of Lagerstroemia. In addition, the expression levels of 2 LinHDZs (LinHDZ23 and LinHDZ34) were significantly upregulated in the shoot apical meristem of non-dwarf crape myrtle. These genes were identified as key candidates for regulating Lagerstroemia plant height. This study enhanced the understanding of the functions of HD-Zip family members in the growth and development processes of woody plants and provided a theoretical basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying Lagerstroemia plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Cheng Qian
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Nairui Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Jingcai Wang
- East China Academy of Inventory and Planning of NFGA, Hangzhou 310019, China
| | - Yiqian Ju
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (X.J.); (C.Q.); (Y.Z.); (X.M.); (N.L.); (L.L.)
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Gong X, Chen J, Chen Y, He Y, Jiang D. Advancements in Rice Leaf Development Research. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:904. [PMID: 38592944 PMCID: PMC10976080 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Rice leaf morphology is a pivotal component of the ideal plant architecture, significantly impacting rice yield. The process of leaf development unfolds through three distinct stages: the initiation of leaf primordia, the establishment and maintenance of polarity, and leaf expansion. Genes regulating leaf morphology encompass transcription factors, hormones, and miRNAs. An in-depth synthesis and categorization of genes associated with leaf development, particularly those successfully cloned, hold paramount importance in unraveling the complexity of rice leaf development. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the potential for molecular-level manipulation of rice leaf types. This comprehensive review consolidates the stages of rice leaf development, the genes involved, molecular regulatory pathways, and the influence of plant hormones. Its objective is to establish a foundational understanding of the creation of ideal rice leaf forms and their practical application in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dagang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.G.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.)
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7
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Bull T, Khakhar A. Design principles for synthetic control systems to engineer plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1875-1889. [PMID: 37789180 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Synthetic control systems have led to significant advancement in the study and engineering of unicellular organisms, but it has been challenging to apply these tools to multicellular organisms like plants. The ability to predictably engineer plants will enable the development of novel traits capable of alleviating global problems, such as climate change and food insecurity. Engineering predictable multicellular phenotypes will require the development of synthetic control systems that can precisely regulate how the information encoded in genomes is translated into phenotypes. Many efficient control systems have been developed for unicellular organisms. However, it remains challenging to use such tools to study or engineer multicellular organisms. Plants are a good chassis within which to develop strategies to overcome these challenges, thanks to their capacity to withstand large-scale reprogramming without lethality. Additionally, engineered plants have great potential for solving major societal problems. Here we briefly review the progress of control system development in unicellular organisms, and how that information can be leveraged to characterize control systems in plants. Further, we discuss strategies for developing control systems designed to regulate the expression of transgenes or endogenous loci and generate dosage-dependent or discrete traits. Finally, we discuss the utility that mathematical models of biological processes have for control system deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawni Bull
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Arjun Khakhar
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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8
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Qiao L, Wu Q, Yuan L, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Q, Shahzad N, Li H, Li W. SMALL PLANT AND ORGAN 1 ( SPO1) Encoding a Cellulose Synthase-like Protein D4 (OsCSLD4) Is an Important Regulator for Plant Architecture and Organ Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16974. [PMID: 38069299 PMCID: PMC10707047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the small plant and organ 1 (spo1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that SPO1 is allelic with OsCSLD4, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the spo1 mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of SPO1 in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the spo1 mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of SPO1/OsCSLD4 function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in spo1. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of SPO1/OsCSLD4 in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Liuzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Qinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
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9
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Liu X, Lin Y, Wu C, Yang Y, Su D, Xian Z, Zhu Y, Yu C, Hu G, Deng W, Li Z, Bouzayen M, Chen R, Hao Y. The SlARF4-SlHB8 regulatory module mediates leaf rolling in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111790. [PMID: 37454820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ in plants and the primary energy source all along the plant life. Given the beneficial role of leaf rolling in improving photosynthetic efficiency and yield in specific environmental conditions, a better understanding of the factors and molecular mechanisms underlying this process is highly suited. Previously, the SlARF4 knocking out mutant exhibited upward curly leaf showed higher resistance to water deficit which driving us to uncover the function of SlARF4 in regulating the curly leaf formation. In this study, we unraveled the unexplored role of the SlARF4-SlHB8 module of transcription factors in the development of leaf rolling. Both SlARF4 loss-of-function and SlHB8 overexpressing tomato plants exhibited upward-rolled leaves, reflecting the active role of the two genes in controlling leaf rolling. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and phenotypic analysis of hybrid progenies suggested that SlHB8 acts downstream of SlARF4 in curly leaf formation. SlARF4 and SlHB8 influence the development of leaf palisade tissues via modulating the expression of genes associated with curly leaf formation. SEM analysis revealed no significant differences in leaf epidermal cells between the two leaf-rolling mutants and the wild type, indicating that curly leaves of arf4 and SlHB8-OE do not result from the asymmetric leaf epidermal cell growth. Our data provide novel insight into the molecular mechanism of abaxial-adaxial determination involving SlARF4 and SlHB8 and reveals that leaf rolling operates via different regulation mechanisms in tomato and Arabidopsis model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Caiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- BioGround Biotechnology Institution, International Park of Entrepreneur' Port, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Canye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guojian Hu
- UMR990 INRA/INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- UMR990 INRA/INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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10
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Wang J, Xu J, Wang L, Zhou M, Nian J, Chen M, Lu X, Liu X, Wang Z, Cen J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zeng D, Hu J, Zhu L, Dong G, Ren D, Gao Z, Shen L, Zhang Q, Li Q, Guo L, Yu S, Qian Q, Zhang G. SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 10 stabilizes catalase isozyme B to regulate leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:819-838. [PMID: 36597711 PMCID: PMC10037157 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture and stress tolerance play important roles in rice breeding. Specific leaf morphologies and ideal plant architecture can effectively improve both abiotic stress resistance and rice grain yield. However, the mechanism by which plants simultaneously regulate leaf morphogenesis and stress resistance remains elusive. Here, we report that SRL10, which encodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein, regulates leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice through alteration of microRNA biogenesis. The srl10 mutant had a semi-rolled leaf phenotype and elevated sensitivity to high temperature. SRL10 directly interacted with catalase isozyme B (CATB), and the two proteins mutually increased one other's stability to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) scavenging, thereby contributing to thermotolerance. The natural Hap3 (AGC) type of SRL10 allele was found to be present in the majority of aus rice accessions, and was identified as a thermotolerant allele under high temperature stress in both the field and the growth chamber. Moreover, the seed-setting rate was 3.19 times higher and grain yield per plant was 1.68 times higher in near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying Hap3 allele compared to plants carrying Hap1 allele under heat stress. Collectively, these results reveal a new locus of interest and define a novel SRL10-CATB based regulatory mechanism for developing cultivars with high temperature tolerance and stable yield. Furthermore, our findings provide a theoretical basis for simultaneous breeding for plant architecture and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang ProvinceResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhouChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jinqiang Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xueli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiangsu Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene ResearchCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanyaChina
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11
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Miao X, Zhu W, Jin Q, Song Z, Li L. ZmHOX32 is related to photosynthesis and likely functions in plant architecture of maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119678. [PMID: 37035059 PMCID: PMC10073575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
HOX32, a member of the HD-ZIP III family, functions in the leaf morphogenesis and plant photosynthesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of HOX32 in maize has not been studied and the regulatory relationship in photosynthesis is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive study, including phylogenetic analysis, expression profiling at both transcriptome and translatome levels, subcellular localization, tsCUT&Tag, co-expression analysis, and association analysis with agronomic traits on HOX32 for the dissection of the functional roles of HOX32. ZmHOX32 shows conservation in plants. As expected, maize HOX32 protein is specifically expressed in the nucleus. ZmHOX32 showed constitutively expression at both transcriptome and translatome levels. We uncovered the downstream target genes of ZmHOX32 by tsCUT&Tag and constructed a cascaded regulatory network combining the co-expression networks. Both direct and indirect targets of ZmHOX32 showed significant gene ontology enrichment in terms of photosynthesis in maize. The association study suggested that ZmHOX32 plays an important role in regulation of plant architecture. Our results illustrate a complex regulatory network of HOX32 involving in photosynthesis and plant architecture, which deepens our understanding of the phenotypic variation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanchao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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12
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Wu Y, Xin Y, Zou J, Huang S, Wang C, Feng H. BrCWM Mutation Disrupted Leaf Flattening in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065225. [PMID: 36982299 PMCID: PMC10049106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf flattening plays a vital role in the establishment of plant architecture, which is closely related to plant photosynthesis and, thus, influences the product yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. In this study, we used the doubled haploid line ‘FT’ of Chinese cabbage as the wild type for ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and obtained a mutant cwm with stably inherited compact and wrinkled leaves. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutated trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, Brcwm. Brcwm was preliminarily mapped to chromosome A07 based on bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq) and fine-mapped to a 205.66 kb region containing 39 genes between Indel12 and Indel21 using SSR and Indel analysis. According to the whole-genome re-sequencing results, we found that there was only one nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C to T) within the target interval on exon 4 of BraA07g021970.3C, which resulted in a proline to serine amino acid substitution. The mutated trait co-segregated with the SNP. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that BraA07g021970.3C expression was dramatically higher in ‘FT’ leaves than that in cwm leaves. BraA07g021970.3C is homologous to AT3G55000 encoding a protein related to cortical microtubule organization. A similar phenotype of dwarfism and wrinkled leaves was observed in the recessive homozygous mutant cwm-f1 of AT3G55000, and its T3 transgenic lines were restored to the Arabidopsis wild-type phenotype through ectopic overexpression of BraA07g021970.3C. These results verified that BraA07g021970.3C was the target gene essential for leaf flattening in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1389-889-9863
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13
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Yang M, Chen J, Chang Y, Wan S, Zhao Z, Ni F, Guan R. Fine Mapping of a Pleiotropic Locus ( BnUD1) Responsible for the Up-Curling Leaves and Downward-Pointing Siliques in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043069. [PMID: 36834480 PMCID: PMC9965582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves and siliques are important organs associated with dry matter biosynthesis and vegetable oil accumulation in plants. We identified and characterized a novel locus controlling leaf and silique development using the Brassica napus mutant Bnud1, which has downward-pointing siliques and up-curling leaves. The inheritance analysis showed that the up-curling leaf and downward-pointing silique traits are controlled by one dominant locus (BnUD1) in populations derived from NJAU5773 and Zhongshuang 11. The BnUD1 locus was initially mapped to a 3.99 Mb interval on the A05 chromosome with a BC6F2 population by a bulked segregant analysis-sequencing approach. To more precisely map BnUD1, 103 InDel primer pairs uniformly covering the mapping interval and the BC5F3 and BC6F2 populations consisting of 1042 individuals were used to narrow the mapping interval to a 54.84 kb region. The mapping interval included 11 annotated genes. The bioinformatic analysis and gene sequencing data suggested that BnaA05G0157900ZS and BnaA05G0158100ZS may be responsible for the mutant traits. Protein sequence analyses showed that the mutations in the candidate gene BnaA05G0157900ZS altered the encoded PME in the trans-membrane region (G45A), the PMEI domain (G122S), and the pectinesterase domain (G394D). In addition, a 573 bp insertion was detected in the pectinesterase domain of the BnaA05G0157900ZS gene in the Bnud1 mutant. Other primary experiments indicated that the locus responsible for the downward-pointing siliques and up-curling leaves negatively affected the plant height and 1000-seed weight, but it significantly increased the seeds per silique and positively affected photosynthetic efficiency to some extent. Furthermore, plants carrying the BnUD1 locus were compact, implying they may be useful for increasing B. napus planting density. The findings of this study provide an important foundation for future research on the genetic mechanism regulating the dicotyledonous plant growth status, and the Bnud1 plants can be used directly in breeding.
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14
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Lin Y, Chu S, Xu X, Han X, Huang H, Tong Z, Zhang J. Identification of Nitrogen Starvation-Responsive miRNAs to Reveal the miRNA-Mediated Regulatory Network in Betula luminifera. Front Genet 2022; 13:957505. [PMID: 36061195 PMCID: PMC9428261 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.957505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the immobility, plants encounter a series of stresses, such as varied nutrient concentrations in soil, which regulate plant growth, development, and phase transitions. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors for plants, which was exemplified by the fact that low nitrogen (LN) has a great adverse effect on plant growth and development. In the present study, we explored the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to LN stress in Betula luminifera. We identified 198 miRNAs using sRNA sequencing, including 155 known and 43 novel miRNAs. Among them, 98 known miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed after 0.5 h or 24 h of LN stress. Based on degradome data, 122 differential expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) including 102 known miRNAs and 20 novel miRNAs targeted 203 genes, comprising 321 miRNA–target pairs. A big proportion of target genes were transcription factors and functional proteins, and most of the Gene Ontology terms were enriched in biological processes; moreover, one Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes term “ascorbate and aldarate metabolism” was significantly enriched. The expression patterns of six miRNAs and their corresponding target genes under LN stress were monitored. According to the potential function for targets of DEmiRNAs, a proposed regulatory network mediated by miRNA–target pairs under LN stress in B. luminifera was constructed. Taken together, these findings provide useful information to elucidate miRNA functions and establish a framework for exploring N signaling networks mediated by miRNAs in B. luminifera. It may provide new insights into the genetic engineering of the high use efficiency of N in forestry trees.
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LEAF TIP RUMPLED 1 Regulates Leaf Morphology and Salt Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158818. [PMID: 35955949 PMCID: PMC9369171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphology is one of the important traits related to ideal plant architecture and is an important factor determining rice stress resistance, which directly affects yield. Wax layers form a barrier to protect plants from different environmental stresses. However, the regulatory effect of wax synthesis genes on leaf morphology and salt tolerance is not well-understood. In this study, we identified a rice mutant, leaf tip rumpled 1 (ltr1), in a mutant library of the classic japonica variety Nipponbare. Phenotypic investigation of NPB and ltr1 suggested that ltr1 showed rumpled leaf with uneven distribution of bulliform cells and sclerenchyma cells, and disordered vascular bundles. A decrease in seed-setting rate in ltr1 led to decreased per-plant grain yield. Moreover, ltr1 was sensitive to salt stress, and LTR1 was strongly induced by salt stress. Map-based cloning of LTR1 showed that there was a 2-bp deletion in the eighth exon of LOC_Os02g40784 in ltr1, resulting in a frameshift mutation and early termination of transcription. Subsequently, the candidate gene was confirmed using complementation, overexpression, and knockout analysis of LOC_Os02g40784. Functional analysis of LTR1 showed that it was a wax synthesis gene and constitutively expressed in entire tissues with higher relative expression level in leaves and panicles. Moreover, overexpression of LTR1 enhanced yield in rice and LTR1 positively regulates salt stress by affecting water and ion homeostasis. These results lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis and stress response, providing a new potential strategy for stress-tolerance breeding.
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16
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Expression Profiling and MicroRNA Regulatory Networks of Homeobox Family Genes in Sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158724. [PMID: 35955858 PMCID: PMC9369071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HB) genes play important roles in plant growth and development processes, particularly in the formation of lateral organs. Thus, they could influence leaf morphogenesis and biomass formation in plants. However, little is known about HBs in sugarcane, a crucial sugar crop, due to its complex genetic background. Here, 302 allelic sequences for 104 HBs were identified and divided into 13 subfamilies in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum. Comparative genomics revealed that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication significantly promoted the expansion of the HB family in S. spontaneum, with SsHB26, SsHB63, SsHB64, SsHB65, SsHB67, SsHB95, and SsHB96 being retained from the evolutionary event before the divergence of dicots and monocots. Based on the analysis of transcriptome and degradome data, we speculated that SsHB15 and SsHB97 might play important roles in regulating sugarcane leaf morphogenesis, with miR166 and SsAGO10 being involved in the regulation of SsHB15 expression. Moreover, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity detection assays demonstrated that these two genes, SsHB15 and SsHB97, were functional transcription factors. This study demonstrated the evolutionary relationship and potential functions of SsHB genes and will enable the further investigation of the functional characterization and the regulatory mechanisms of SsHBs.
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17
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Song L, Wang X, Zou L, Prodhan Z, Yang J, Yang J, Ji L, Li G, Zhang R, Wang C, Li S, Zhang Y, Ji X, Zheng X, Li W, Zhang Z. Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Slow Anion Channel ( MeSLAH4) Gene Overexpression Enhances Nitrogen Assimilation, Growth, and Yield in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932947. [PMID: 35832225 PMCID: PMC9271942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient elements required for plant growth and development, which is also immensely related to the efficient use of nitrogen by crop plants. Therefore, plants evolved sophisticated mechanisms and anion channels to extract inorganic nitrogen (nitrate) from the soil or nutrient solutions, assimilate, and recycle the organic nitrogen. Hence, developing crop plants with a greater capability of using nitrogen efficiently is the fundamental research objective for attaining better agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. In this context, an in-depth investigation has been conducted into the cassava slow type anion channels (SLAHs) gene family, including genome-wide expression analysis, phylogenetic relationships with other related organisms, chromosome localization, and functional analysis. A potential and nitrogen-responsive gene of cassava (MeSLAH4) was identified and selected for overexpression (OE) analysis in rice, which increased the grain yield and root growth related performance. The morpho-physiological response of OE lines was better under low nitrogen (0.01 mm NH4NO3) conditions compared to the wild type (WT) and OE lines under normal nitrogen (0.5 mm NH4NO3) conditions. The relative expression of the MeSLAH4 gene was higher (about 80-fold) in the OE line than in the wild type. The accumulation and flux assay showed higher accumulation of NO 3 - and more expansion of root cells and grain dimension of OE lines compared to the wild type plants. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the MeSLAH4 gene may play a vital role in enhancing the efficient use of nitrogen in rice, which could be utilized for high-yielding crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Xingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangping Zou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zakaria Prodhan
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
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18
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Zong J, Wang L, Zhu L, Bian L, Zhang B, Chen X, Huang G, Zhang X, Fan J, Cao L, Coupland G, Liang W, Zhang D, Yuan Z. A rice single cell transcriptomic atlas defines the developmental trajectories of rice floret and inflorescence meristems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:494-512. [PMID: 35118670 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice inflorescence development determines yield and relies on the activity of axillary meristems (AMs); however, high-resolution analysis of its early development is lacking. Here, we have used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to profile 37 571 rice inflorescence cells and constructed a genome-scale gene expression resource covering the inflorescence-to-floret transition during early reproductive development. The differentiation trajectories of florets and AMs were reconstructed, and discrete cell types and groups of regulators in the highly heterogeneous young inflorescence were identified and then validated by in situ hybridization and with fluorescent marker lines. Our data demonstrate that a WOX transcription factor, DWARF TILLER1, regulates flower meristem activity, and provide evidence for the role of auxin in rice inflorescence branching by exploring the expression and biological role of the auxin importer OsAUX1. Our comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of early rice inflorescence development, supported by genetic evidence, provides single-cell-level insights into AM differentiation and floret development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lianle Bian
- NovelBio Bio-Pharm Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- NovelBio Bio-Pharm Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junyi Fan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, D50829, Germany
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Feng M, Cui Y, Li S, Liu L, Wang Y, Xu W, Li F. Genome-Wide Identification of the HD-ZIP III Subfamily in Upland Cotton Reveals the Involvement of GhHB8-5D in the Biosynthesis of Secondary Wall in Fiber and Drought Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806195. [PMID: 35154197 PMCID: PMC8828970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A subfamily of transcription factors known as HD-ZIP III plays distinct roles in the secondary cell wall biosynthesis, which could be attributed to the quality of cotton fiber and adaptation to drought stress. In this study, 18 HD-ZIP III genes were identified as genome wide from the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). These genes are distributed on 14 different chromosomes, and all of them have undergone segmental duplications. Numerous cis-elements were identified in the promoter regions, which are related to phytohormone responses and abiotic stresses. Expression profiling of these genes by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR illustrated their differential spatial expression, with preferential expression in cotton fiber. Among these genes, GhHB8-5D was predicted to encode a protein that is targeted to the cell nucleus and having self-activation ability. In addition, the ectopic expression of GhHB8-5D or its synonymous mutant GhHB8-5Dm in Arabidopsis resulted in stunted plant growth, curly leaves, and twisted inflorescence stems. Microscopy examination revealed that the morphology of vascular bundles and deposition of secondary wall had substantially altered in stems, which is concomitant with the significant alteration in the transcription levels of secondary wall-related genes in these transgenic Arabidopsis. Further, ectopic expression of GhHB8-5D or GhHB8-5Dm in Arabidopsis also led to significant increase in green seedling rate and reduction in root length relative to wild type when the plants were grown under mimicked drought stress conditions. Taken together, our results may shed new light on the functional roles of GhHB8-5D that is attributable for secondary cell wall thickening in response to drought stress. Such a finding may facilitate a novel strategy for improving plant adaptations to environmental changes via regulating the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengru Feng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuke Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Le Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Wenliang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Prasad A, Sharma N, Chirom O, Prasad M. The sly-miR166-SlyHB module acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:233-242. [PMID: 34636959 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of miRNAs during viral pathogenesis is poorly understood in plants. Here, we demonstrate a miRNA/target module that acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a devastating pathogen that causes huge crop loss. It is spreading to new geographical locations at a very rapid rate-raising serious concerns. Evolution of insecticidal resistance in Bemisia tabaci which acts as the carrier for ToLCNDV has made insect control very difficult in the recent years. Thus, it is important that the host molecular mechanisms associated with ToLCNDV resistance/susceptibility are investigated to develop management strategies. In our study, we have identified that sly-miR166/SlyHB module acts as a susceptibility factor to ToLCNDV in Solanum lycopersicum. Sly-miR166 is differentially regulated upon ToLCNDV infection in two contrasting tomato cultivars; H-88-78-1 (tolerant to ToLCNDV) and Punjab Chhuhara (susceptible to ToLCNDV). Expression analysis of predicted sly-miR166 targets revealed that the expression of SlyHB is negatively correlated with its corresponding miRNA. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlyHB in the susceptible tomato cultivar resulted in the decrease in disease severity suggesting that SlyHB is a negative regulator of plant defence. In summary, our study highlights a miRNA/target module that acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that highlights the role of sly-miR166/SlyHB module in ToLCNDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Oceania Chirom
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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21
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Ren Z, Bai F, Xu J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang Q, Feng C, Niu Q, Zhang L, Song J, Bao F, Liu L, He Y, Ma L, Tian W, Hou C, Li L. A chloride efflux transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2150-2163. [PMID: 34647689 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.07.434240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild-type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fenglin Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Changxin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qi Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wang Tian
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
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22
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Ren Z, Bai F, Xu J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang Q, Feng C, Niu Q, Zhang L, Song J, Bao F, Liu L, He Y, Ma L, Tian W, Hou C, Li L. A chloride efflux transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2150-2163. [PMID: 34647689 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild-type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fenglin Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Changxin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qi Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiali Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yikun He
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ligeng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wang Tian
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing, 100048, China
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Chen H, Fang R, Deng R, Li J. The OsmiRNA166b-OsHox32 pair regulates mechanical strength of rice plants by modulating cell wall biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1468-1480. [PMID: 33560572 PMCID: PMC8313131 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall provides mechanical strength to support plant growth and development and to determine plant architecture. Cellulose and mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) present in primary cell wall, whereas cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose exist in secondary cell wall. Biosynthesis of the cell wall biopolymers needs the coordinated transcriptional regulation of all the biosynthetic genes. The module of OsmiR166b-OsHox32 regulates expression levels of the genes related to biosynthesis of MLG, cellulose and lignin. Transgenic plants knocking down miR166b (STTM166b) by short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology or overexpressing OsHox32 (OEHox32) showed drooping leaves and brittle culms. Due to accumulation of less lignin and cellulose, the cell wall thickness of STTM166b and OEHox32 plants was reduced when compared to that of wild-type plants. Overexpression of miR166b (OE166b) in rice plants or knocking down of OsHox32 by RNA interference (RNAiHox32) led to increased thickness of cell walls and enhanced mechanical strength of culms. Molecular analyses showed that OsmiR166b-OsHox32 pair regulates cell wall-related gene expression. OsHox32 binds to the promoters of OsCAD2 and OsCESA7 to suppress the expression levels of these two genes. The suppression of OsCAD2 is synergistic when OsHox32 is co-expressed with OSH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox 15). OsHox32 interacts with OSH15, and the START domain of OsHox32, harbouring the miR166b cleavage site, is required for the interaction of these two proteins. Our results demonstrate that OsmiR166b-OsHox32 pair plays important roles not only in plant growth and development but also in plant architecture by regulating the cell wall-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruiqiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland CropsZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesDongyangZhejiangChina
| | - Rufang Deng
- Public Laboratory of SciencesSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianxiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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Huang X, Zhang H, Guo R, Wang Q, Liu X, Kuang W, Song H, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Systematic identification and characterization of circular RNAs involved in flag leaf senescence of rice. PLANTA 2021; 253:26. [PMID: 33410920 PMCID: PMC7790769 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) identification, expression profiles, and construction of circRNA-parental gene relationships and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks indicate that circRNAs are involved in flag leaf senescence of rice. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of 3'-5' head-to-tail covalently closed non-coding RNAs which have been proved to play important roles in various biological processes. However, no systematic identification of circRNAs associated with leaf senescence in rice has been studied. In this study, a genome-wide high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed using rice flag leaves developing from normal to senescence. Here, a total of 6612 circRNAs were identified, among which, 113 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) during the leaf senescence process. Moreover, 4601 (69.59%) circRNAs were derived from the exons or introns of their parental genes, while 2110 (71%) of the parental genes produced only one circRNA. The sequence alignment analysis showed that hundreds of rice circRNAs were conserved among different plant species. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that parental genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in many biological processes closely related to leaf senescence. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), six continuously down-expressed circRNAs, 18 continuously up-expressed circRNAs and 15 turn-point high-expressed circRNAs were considered to be highly associated with leaf senescence. Additionally, a total of 17 senescence-associated circRNAs were predicted to have parental genes, in which, regulations of three circRNAs to their parental genes were validated by qRT-PCR. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were also constructed. And a total of 11 senescence-associated circRNAs were predicted to act as miRNA sponges to regulate mRNAs, in which, regulation of two circRNAs to eight mRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR. It is discussed that senescence-associated circRNAs were involved in flag leaf senescence probably through mediating their parental genes and ceRNA networks, to participate in several well-studied senescence-associated processes, mainly including the processes of transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification (especially protein glycosylation), oxidation-reduction process, involvement of senescence-associated genes, hormone signaling pathway, proteolysis, and DNA damage repair. This study not only showed the systematic identification of circRNAs involved in leaf senescence of rice, but also laid a foundation for functional research on candidate circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xuanzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weigang Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Tan Z, Wen X, Wang Y. Betula platyphylla BpHOX2 transcription factor binds to different cis-acting elements and confers osmotic tolerance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1762-1779. [PMID: 32681705 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins play crucial roles in plant developmental and environmental responses. However, how they mediate gene expression to facilitate abiotic stress tolerance remains unknown. In the present study, we characterized BpHOX2 (encoding a HD-Zip I family protein) from birch (Betula platyphylla). BpHOX2 is predominately expressed in mature stems and leaves, but expressed at a low level in apical buds and roots, suggesting that it has tissue-specific characteristics. BpHOX2 expression was highly induced by osmotic and salt, but only slightly induced by abscisic acid. Overexpression of BpHOX2 markedly improved osmotic tolerance, while knockdown of BpHOX2 increased sensitivity to osmotic stress. BpHOX2 could induce the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase genes to improve proline levels and the reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing combined with RNA sequencing showed that BpHOX2 could bind to at least four cis-acting elements, including dehydration-responsive element "RCCGAC", Myb-p binding box "CCWACC," and two novel cis-acting elements with the sequences of "AAGAAG" and "TACGTG" (termed HBS1 and HBS2, respectively) to regulate gene expression. Our results suggested that BpHOX2 is a transcription factor that binds to different cis-acting elements to regulate gene expression, ultimately improving osmotic tolerance in birch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuejing Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
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Huang C, Yang M, Shao D, Wang Y, Wan S, He J, Meng Z, Guan R. Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:530. [PMID: 32736518 PMCID: PMC7430850 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of leaf shape development and plant stature have made important contributions to the fields of plant breeding and developmental biology. The optimization of leaf morphology and plant height to improve lodging resistance and photosynthetic efficiency, increase planting density and yield, and facilitate mechanized harvesting is a desirable goal in Brassica napus. Results Here, we investigated a B. napus germplasm resource exhibiting up-curled leaves and a semi-dwarf stature. In progeny populations derived from NJAU5737 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11), we found that the up-curled leaf trait was controlled by a dominant locus, BnUC2. We then fine mapped the BnUC2 locus onto an 83.19-kb interval on chromosome A05 using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We further determined that BnUC2 was a major plant height QTL that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation in two BC5F3 family populations derived from NJAU5737 and ZS11. This result implies that BnUC2 was also responsible for the observed semi-dwarf stature. The fine mapping interval of BnUC2 contained five genes, two of which, BnaA05g16700D (BnaA05.IAA2) and BnaA05g16720D, were revealed by comparative sequencing to be mutated in NJAU5737. This result suggests that the candidate gene mutation (BnaA05g16700D, encoding Aux/IAA2 proteins) in the conserved Degron motif GWPPV (P63S) was responsible for the BnUC2 locus. In addition, investigation of agronomic traits in a segregated population indicated that plant height, main inflorescence length, and branching height were significantly reduced by BnUC2, whereas yield was not significantly altered. The determination of the photosynthetic efficiency showed that the BnUC2 locus was beneficial to improve the photosynthetic efficiency. Our findings may provide an effective foundation for plant type breeding in B. napus. Conclusions Using SNP and SSR markers, a dominant locus (BnUC2) related to up-curled leaves and semi-dwarf stature in B. napus has been fine mapped onto an 83.19-kb interval of chromosome A05 containing five genes. The BnaA05.IAA2 is inferred to be the candidate gene responsible for the BnUC2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danlei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianbo He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zuqing Meng
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Vaccaro MC, Alfieri M, De Tommasi N, Moses T, Goossens A, Leone A. Boosting the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Active Abietane Diterpenes in S. sclarea Hairy Roots by Engineering the GGPPS and CPPS Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:924. [PMID: 32625231 PMCID: PMC7315395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abietane diterpenoids (ADs), synthesized in the roots of different Salvia species, such as aethiopinone, 1-oxoaethiopinone, salvipisone, and ferruginol, have a variety of known biological activities. We have shown that aethiopinone has promising cytotoxic activity against several human tumor cell lines, including the breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, HeLa, epithelial carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma PC3, and human melanoma A375. The low content of these compounds in natural sources, and the limited possibility to synthesize them chemically at low cost, prompted us to optimize the production of abietane diterpenoids by targeting genes of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, from which they are derived. Here, we report our current and ongoing efforts to boost the metabolic flux towards this interesting class of compounds in Salvia sclarea hairy roots (HRs). Silencing the gene encoding the ent-copalyl-diphosphate synthase gene (entCPPS), acting at the lateral geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) competitive gibberellin route, enhanced the content of aethiopinone and other ADs in S. sclarea HRs, indicating indirectly that the GGPP pool is a metabolic constraint to the accumulation of ADs. This was confirmed by overexpressing the GGPPS gene (geranyl-geranyl diphosphate synthase) which triggered also a significant 8-fold increase of abietane diterpene content above the basal constitutive level, with a major boosting effect on aethiopinone accumulation in S. sclarea HRs. A significant accumulation of aethiopinone and other AD compounds was also achieved by overexpressing the CPPS gene (copalyl diphosphate synthase) pointing to this biosynthetic step as another potential metabolic target for optimizing the biosynthesis of this class of compounds. However, by co-expressing of GGPPS and CPPS genes, albeit significant, the increase of abietane diterpenoids was less effective than that obtained by overexpressing the two genes individually. Taken together, the results presented here add novel and instrumental knowledge to a rational design of a hairy root-based platform to yield reliable amounts of aethiopinone and other ADs for a deeper understanding of their molecular pharmacological targets and potential future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tessa Moses
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonietta Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonietta Leone,
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Zhang Z, Li J, Jamshed M, Shi Y, Liu A, Gong J, Wang S, Zhang J, Sun F, Jia F, Ge Q, Fan L, Zhang Z, Pan J, Fan S, Wang Y, Lu Q, Liu R, Deng X, Zou X, Jiang X, Liu P, Li P, Iqbal MS, Zhang C, Zou J, Chen H, Tian Q, Jia X, Wang B, Ai N, Feng G, Wang Y, Hong M, Li S, Lian W, Wu B, Hua J, Zhang C, Huang J, Xu A, Shang H, Gong W, Yuan Y. Genome-wide quantitative trait loci reveal the genetic basis of cotton fibre quality and yield-related traits in a Gossypium hirsutum recombinant inbred line population. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:239-253. [PMID: 31199554 PMCID: PMC6920336 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is widely cultivated globally because it provides natural fibre for the textile industry and human use. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes associated with fibre quality and yield, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed in upland cotton. A consensus map covering the whole genome was constructed with three types of markers (8295 markers, 5197.17 centimorgans (cM)). Six fibre yield and quality traits were evaluated in 17 environments, and 983 QTLs were identified, 198 of which were stable and mainly distributed on chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 13, 21 and 25. Thirty-seven QTL clusters were identified, in which 92.8% of paired traits with significant medium or high positive correlations had the same QTL additive effect directions, and all of the paired traits with significant medium or high negative correlations had opposite additive effect directions. In total, 1297 genes were discovered in the QTL clusters, 414 of which were expressed in two RNA-Seq data sets. Many genes were discovered, 23 of which were promising candidates. Six important QTL clusters that included both fibre quality and yield traits were identified with opposite additive effect directions, and those on chromosome 13 (qClu-chr13-2) could increase fibre quality but reduce yield; this result was validated in a natural population using three markers. These data could provide information about the genetic basis of cotton fibre quality and yield and help cotton breeders to improve fibre quality and yield simultaneously.
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Testone G, Baldoni E, Iannelli MA, Nicolodi C, Di Giacomo E, Pietrini F, Mele G, Giannino D, Frugis G. Transcription Factor Networks in Leaves of Cichorium endivia: New Insights into the Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Leaf Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E531. [PMID: 31766484 PMCID: PMC6963412 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cichorium endivia is a leafy crop closely related to Lactuca sativa that comprises two major botanical varieties characterized by a high degree of intraspecific morphological variation: var. latifolium with broad leaves (escarole) and var. crispum with narrow crisp curly leaves (endive). To investigate the relationship between leaf morphology and photosynthetic activity, escaroles and endives were used as a crop model due to the striking morphological diversity of their leaves. We constructed a leaf database for transcription factors (TFs) and photosynthesis-related genes from a refined C. endivia transcriptome and used RNA-seq transcriptomic data from leaves of four commercial endive and escarole cultivars to explore transcription factor regulatory networks. Cluster and gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses identified two main anticorrelated modules that control photosynthesis. Analysis of the GCN network topological properties identified known and novel hub genes controlling photosynthesis, and candidate developmental genes at the boundaries between shape and function. Differential expression analysis between broad and curly leaves suggested three novel TFs putatively involved in leaf shape diversity. Physiological analysis of the photosynthesis properties and gene expression studies on broad and curly leaves provided new insights into the relationship between leaf shape and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Testone
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Elena Baldoni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Iannelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Chiara Nicolodi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Giacomo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Pietrini
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy;
| | - Giovanni Mele
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Donato Giannino
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy; (G.T.); (E.B.); (M.A.I.); (C.N.); (E.D.G.); (G.M.); (D.G.)
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Li Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Jiang D, Li J, Zhou H, Chen J, Zhuang C, Liu Z. Overexpression of OsAGO1b Induces Adaxially Rolled Leaves by Affecting Leaf Abaxial Sclerenchymatous Cell Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:60. [PMID: 31396773 PMCID: PMC6687834 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) proteins can recruit small RNAs to regulate gene expression, involving several growth and development processes in Arabidopsis. Rice genome contains four AGO1 genes, OsAGO1a to OsAGO1d. However, the regulatory functions to rice growth and development of each AGO1 gene are still unknown. RESULTS We obtained overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines of each OsAGO1 gene. However, only up- and down-regulation of OsAGO1b caused multiple abnormal phenotypic changes in rice, indicating that OsAGO1b is the key player in rice growth and organ development compared with other three OsAGO1s. qRT-PCR assays showed that OsAGO1b was almost unanimously expressed in leaves at different developmental stages, and strongly expressed in spikelets at S1 to S3 stages. OsAGO1b is a typical AGO protein, and co-localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm simultaneously. Overexpression of OsAGO1b caused adaxially rolled leaves and a series of abnormal phenotypes, such as the reduced tiller number and plant height. Knockdown lines of OsAGO1b showed almost normal leaves, but the seed setting percentage was significantly reduced accompanied by the disturbed anther patterning and reduced pollen fertility. Further anatomical observation revealed that OsAGO1b overexpression plants showed the partially defective development of sclerenchymatous cells on the abaxial side of leaves. In situ hybridization showed OsAGO1b mRNA was uniformly accumulated in P1 to P3 primordia without polarity property, suggesting OsAGO1b did not regulate the adaxial-abaxial polarity development directly. The expression levels of several genes related to leaf polarity development and vascular bundle differentiation were observably changed. Notably, the accumulation of miR166 and TAS3-siRNA was decreased, and their targeted OSHBs and OsARFs were significantly up-regulated. The mRNA distribution patterns of OSHB3 and OsARF4 in leaves remained almost unchanged between ZH11 and OsAGO1b overexpression lines, but their expression levels were enhanced at the regions of vascular bundles and sclerenchymatous cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated OsAGO1b is the leading player among four OsAGO1s in rice growth and development. We propose that OsAGO1b may regulate the abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation by affecting the expression of OSHBs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Dexia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yahuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Tang Y, Bao X, Wang S, Liu Y, Tan J, Yang M, Zhang M, Dai R, Yu X. A Physic Nut Stress-Responsive HD-Zip Transcription Factor, JcHDZ07, Confers Enhanced Sensitivity to Salinity Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:942. [PMID: 31379913 PMCID: PMC6652468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are reported to play crucial roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. However, there is little knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in physic nut's stress tolerance generally, or the functions of its HD-Zip genes. In the present study, a HD-Zip family transcription factor, designated JcHDZ07, was isolated from physic nut. Expression profile analysis showed that salinity stress inhibited the expression of JcHDZ07. Transient expression of JcHDZ07-YFP in Arabidopsis protoplast cells revealed that JcHDZ07 was a nuclear-localized protein. Additionally, no obvious difference in growth and development between wild-type and JcHDZ07-overexpressing plants was observed in the absence of stress. Our results further indicated that JcHDZ07 overexpressing transgenic plants had lower proline contents, lower survival rates, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, but higher relative electrical leakage and malonaldehyde contents compared with wild-type plants under salinity stress conditions, suggesting that overexpression of JcHDZ07 confers enhanced sensitivity to salinity stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression of salt stress-responsive genes were upregulated in leaves of transgenic plants under salinity stress, but less strongly than in wild-type plants. Collectively, our results suggest that JcHDZ07 functions as an important regulator during the process of plant responses to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinxin Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
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Tang Y, Wang J, Bao X, Liang M, Lou H, Zhao J, Sun M, Liang J, Jin L, Li G, Qiu Y, Liu K. Genome-wide identification and expression profile of HD-ZIP genes in physic nut and functional analysis of the JcHDZ16 gene in transgenic rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:298. [PMID: 31286900 PMCID: PMC6615155 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors play important roles in the growth, development and stress responses of plants, including (presumably) physic nut (Jatropha curcas), which has high drought and salinity tolerance. However, although physic nut's genome has been released, there is little knowledge of the functions, expression profiles and evolutionary histories of the species' HD-ZIP genes. RESULTS In this study, 32 HD-ZIP genes were identified in the physic nut genome (JcHDZs) and divided into four groups (I-IV) based on phylogenetic analysis with homologs from rice, maize and Arabidopsis. The analysis also showed that most of the JcHDZ genes were closer to members from Arabidopsis than to members from rice and maize. Of the 32 JcHDZ genes, most showed differential expression patterns among four tissues (root, stem cortex, leaf, and seed). Expression profile analysis based on RNA-seq data indicated that 15 of the JcHDZ genes respond to at least one abiotic stressor (drought and/or salinity) in leaves at least at one time point. Transient expression of a JcHDZ16-YFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts cells showed that JcHDZ16 is localized in the nucleus. In addition, rice seedlings transgenically expressing JcHDZ16 had lower proline contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) together with higher relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents under salt stress conditions (indicating higher sensitivity) than wild-type plants. The transgenic seedlings also showed increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA, and increases in the transcriptional abundance of several salt stress-responsive genes were impaired in their responses to salt stress. Further data on JcHDZ16-overexpressing plants subjected to salt stress treatment verified the putative role of JcHDZ genes in salt stress responses. CONCLUSION Our results may provide foundations for further investigation of functions of JcHDZ genes in responses to abiotic stress, and promote application of JcHDZ genes in physic nut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Xinxin Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Mengyu Liang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Huimin Lou
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Mengting Sun
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Lisha Jin
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Guangling Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Yahui Qiu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou, Henan China
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McKim SM. How plants grow up. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:257-277. [PMID: 30697935 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McKim
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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Fu X, Xu J, Zhou M, Chen M, Shen L, Li T, Zhu Y, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu L, Gao Z, Dong G, Guo L, Ren D, Chen G, Lin J, Qian Q, Zhang G. Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E866. [PMID: 30781568 PMCID: PMC6412340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In molecular breeding of super rice, it is essential to isolate the best quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes of leaf shape and explore yield potential using large germplasm collections and genetic populations. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used, which was derived from a cross between the following parental lines: hybrid rice Chunyou84, that is, japonica maintainer line Chunjiang16B (CJ16); and indica restorer line Chunhui 84 (C84) with remarkable leaf morphological differences. QTLs mapping of leaf shape traits was analyzed at the heading stage under different environmental conditions in Hainan (HN) and Hangzhou (HZ). A major QTL qLL9 for leaf length was detected and its function was studied using a population derived from a single residual heterozygote (RH), which was identified in the original population. qLL9 was delimitated to a 16.17 kb region flanked by molecular markers C-1640 and C-1642, which contained three open reading frames (ORFs). We found that the candidate gene for qLL9 is allelic to DEP1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sequence comparison, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing techniques. To identify the effect of qLL9 on yield, leaf shape and grain traits were measured in near isogenic lines (NILs) NIL-qLL9CJ16 and NIL-qLL9C84, as well as a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) CSSL-qLL9KASA with a Kasalath introgressed segment covering qLL9 in the Wuyunjing (WYJ) 7 backgrounds. Our results showed that the flag leaf lengths of NIL-qLL9C84 and CSSL-qLL9KASA were significantly different from those of NIL-qLL9CJ16 and WYJ 7, respectively. Compared with NIL-qLL9CJ16, the spike length, grain size, and thousand-grain weight of NIL-qLL9C84 were significantly higher, resulting in a significant increase in yield of 15.08%. Exploring and pyramiding beneficial genes resembling qLL9C84 for super rice breeding could increase both the source (e.g., leaf length and leaf area) and the sink (e.g., yield traits). This study provides a foundation for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the source⁻sink balance and high-yield potential of rice, benefiting high-yield molecular design breeding for global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Jianrong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Xu P, Ali A, Han B, Wu X. Current Advances in Molecular Basis and Mechanisms Regulating Leaf Morphology in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1528. [PMID: 30405666 PMCID: PMC6206276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Yield is majorly affected by photosynthetic efficiency. Leaves are essential structure for photosynthesis and their morphology especially size and shape in a plant canopy can affect the rate of transpiration, carbon fixation and photosynthesis. Leaf rolling and size are considered key agronomic traits in plant architecture that can subsidize yield parameters. In last era, a number of genes controlling leaf morphology have been molecularly characterized. Despite of several findings, our understanding toward molecular mechanism of leaf rolling and size are under-developed. Here, we proposed a model to apprehend the physiological basis of different genes organized in a complex fashion and govern the final phenotype of leaf morphology. According to this leaf rolling is mainly controlled by regulation of bulliform cells by SRL1, ROC5, OsRRK1, SLL2, CLD1, OsZHD1/2, and NRL1, structure and processes of sclerenchyma cells by SLL1 and SRL2, leaf polarity by ADL1, RFS and cuticle formation by CFL1, and CLD1. Many of above mentioned and several other genes interact in a complex manner in order to sustain cellular integrity and homeostasis for optimum leaf rolling. While, leaf size is synchronized by multifarious interaction of PLA1, PLA2, OsGASR1, and OsEXPA8 in cell division, NAL1, NAL9, NRL1, NRL2 in regulation of number of veins, OsCOW1, OsPIN1, OsARF19, OsOFP2, D1 and GID in regulation of phytohormones and HDT702 in epigenetic aspects. In this review, we curtailed recent advances engrossing regulation and functions of those genes that directly or indirectly can distress leaf rolling or size by encoding different types of proteins and genic expression. Moreover, this effort could be used further to develop comprehensive learning and directing our molecular breeding of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Asif Ali
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Baolin Han
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Srivastava AK, Pan Y, Bai J, Fang J, Shi H, Zhu JK. Knockdown of Rice MicroRNA166 Confers Drought Resistance by Causing Leaf Rolling and Altering Stem Xylem Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2082-2094. [PMID: 29367235 PMCID: PMC5841683 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are 19- to 22-nucleotide small noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in abiotic stress responses. In this study, we found that knockdown of microRNA166, using the Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM) system, resulted in morphological changes that confer drought resistance in rice (Oryza sativa). From a large-scale screen for miRNA knockdown lines in rice, we identified miR166 knockdown lines (STTM166); these plants exhibit a rolled-leaf phenotype, which is normally displayed by rice plants under drought stress. The leaves of STTM166 rice plants had smaller bulliform cells and abnormal sclerenchymatous cells, likely causing the rolled-leaf phenotype. The STTM166 plants had reduced stomatal conductance and showed decreased transpiration rates. The STTM166 lines also exhibited altered stem xylem and decreased hydraulic conductivity, likely due to the reduced diameter of the xylem vessels. Molecular analyses identified rice HOMEODOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN4 (OsHB4), a member of HD-Zip III gene family, as a major target of miR166; moreover, rice plants overexpressing a miR166-resistant form of OsHB4 resembled the STTM166 plants, including leaf rolling and higher drought resistance. The genes downstream of miR166-OsHB4 consisted of polysaccharide synthesis-related genes that may contribute to cell wall formation and vascular development. Our results suggest that drought resistance in rice can be increased by manipulating miRNAs, which leads to developmental changes, such as leaf rolling and reduced diameter of the xylem, that mimic plants' natural responses to water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjuan Bai
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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