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Jalava N, Arponen M, Widjaja N, Heino TJ, Ivaska KK. Short- and long-term exposure to high glucose induces unique transcriptional changes in osteoblasts in vitro. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060239. [PMID: 38809145 PMCID: PMC11128269 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is increasingly recognized as a target for diabetic complications. In order to evaluate the direct effects of high glucose on bone, we investigated the global transcriptional changes induced by hyperglycemia in osteoblasts in vitro. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were differentiated into osteoblasts for 10 days, and prior to analysis, they were exposed to hyperglycemia (25 mM) for the short-term (1 or 3 days) or long-term (10 days). Genes and pathways regulated by hyperglycemia were identified using mRNA sequencing and verified with qPCR. Genes upregulated by 1-day hyperglycemia were, for example, related to extracellular matrix organization, collagen synthesis and bone formation. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by 3 days. Long-term exposure impaired osteoblast viability, and downregulated, for example, extracellular matrix organization and lysosomal pathways, and increased intracellular oxidative stress. Interestingly, transcriptional changes by different exposure times were mostly unique and only 89 common genes responding to glucose were identified. In conclusion, short-term hyperglycemia had a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts and bone formation, whereas long-term hyperglycemia had a negative effect on intracellular redox balance, osteoblast viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Jalava
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Milja Arponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Nicko Widjaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Terhi J. Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kaisa K. Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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2
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Mateen MA, Alaagib N, Haider KH. High glucose microenvironment and human mesenchymal stem cell behavior. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:237-244. [PMID: 38577235 PMCID: PMC10989287 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG) culture conditions in vitro and persistent exposure to hyperglycemia in diabetes patients are detrimental to stem cells, analogous to any other cell type in our body. It interferes with diverse signaling pathways, i.e. mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling, to impact physiological cellular functions, leading to low cell survival and higher cell apoptosis rates. While elucidating the underlying mechanism responsible for the apoptosis of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a recent study has shown that HG culture conditions dysregulate mTOR-PI3K-Akt signaling in addition to mitochondrial malfunctioning due to defective mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP) that lowers ATP production. This organelle-level dysfunction energy-starves the cells and increases oxidative stress and ultrastructural abnormalities. Disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain produces an altered mitochondrial NAD+/NADH redox state as evidenced by a low NAD+/NADH ratio that primarily contributes to the reduced cell survival in HG. Some previous studies have also reported altered mitochondrial membrane polarity (causing hyperpolarization) and reduced mitochondrial cell mass, leading to perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis. The hostile microenvironment created by HG exposure creates structural and functional changes in the mitochondria, altering their bioenergetics and reducing their capacity to produce ATP. These are significant data, as MSCs are extensively studied for tissue regeneration and restoring their normal functioning in cell-based therapy. Therefore, MSCs from hyperglycemic donors should be cautiously used in clinical settings for cell-based therapy due to concerns of their poor survival rates and increased rates of post engraftment proliferation. As hyperglycemia alters the bioenergetics of donor MSCs, rectifying the loss of MtMP may be an excellent target for future research to restore the normal functioning of MSCs in hyperglycemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Bukairiyah 51941, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Abu-El-Rub E, Almahasneh F, Khasawneh RR, Alzu'bi A, Ghorab D, Almazari R, Magableh H, Sanajleh A, Shlool H, Mazari M, Bader NS, Al-Momani J. Human mesenchymal stem cells exhibit altered mitochondrial dynamics and poor survival in high glucose microenvironment. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:1093-1103. [PMID: 38179215 PMCID: PMC10762524 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i12.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of stem cells that possess relevant regenerative abilities and can be used to treat many chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequently diagnosed chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which initiates many multisystem complications in the long-run. DM patients can benefit from MSCs transplantation to curb down the pathological consequences associated with hyperglycemia persistence and restore the function of damaged tissues. MSCs therapeutic outcomes are found to last for short period of time and ultimately these regenerative cells are eradicated and died in DM disease model. AIM To investigate the impact of high glucose or hyperglycemia on the cellular and molecular characteristics of MSCs. METHODS Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) were seeded in low (5.6 mmol/L of glucose) and high glucose (25 mmol/L of glucose) for 7 d. Cytotoxicity, viability, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis were deplored using specific kits. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), TSC1, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in these cells. RESULTS hAD-MSCs cultured in high glucose for 7 d demonstrated marked decrease in their viability, as shown by a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in Trypan blue (P < 0.05) in these cells compared to low glucose control. Mitochondrial membrane potential, indicated by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence intensity, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio were significantly dropped (P < 0.05 for TMRE and P < 0.01 for NAD+/NADH) in high glucose exposed hAD-MSCs, indicating disturbed mitochondrial function. PI3K protein expression significantly decreased in high glucose culture MSCs (P < 0.05 compared to low glucose) and it was coupled with significant upregulation in TSC1 (P < 0.05) and downregulation in mTOR protein expression (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial complexes I, IV, and V were downregulated profoundly in high glucose (P < 0.05 compared to low glucose). Apoptosis was induced as a result of mitochondrial impairment and explained the poor survival of MSCs in high glucose. CONCLUSION High glucose impaired the mitochondrial dynamics and regulatory proteins in hAD-MSCs ensuing their poor survival and high apoptosis rate in hyperglycemic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Fatimah Almahasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ramada R Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ayman Alzu'bi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Doaa Ghorab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rawan Almazari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Huthaifa Magableh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Sanajleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Haitham Shlool
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Mazari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Noor S Bader
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Joud Al-Momani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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4
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Yang H, Chen J, Li J. Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243220. [PMID: 37744328 PMCID: PMC10513107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a high-mortality syndrome for which liver transplantation is considered the only effective treatment option. A shortage of donor organs, high costs and surgical complications associated with immune rejection constrain the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was recognized as an alternative strategy for liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in clinical trials of several liver diseases due to their ease of acquisition, strong proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation, homing to the lesion site, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the harvest and culture expansion strategies for BMSCs, the development of animal models of ALF of different aetiologies, the critical mechanisms of BMSC therapy for ALF and the challenge of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Xia SL, Ma ZY, Wang B, Gao F, Guo SY, Chen XH. Icariin promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with osteoporosis and T2DM by upregulating GLI-1. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:500. [PMID: 37454090 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from patients with osteoporosis (OP) is impaired and worsens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Icariin (ICA) is the major active flavonoid glucoside isolated from traditional Chinese herbal Epimedium pubescens, and confirmed able to improve bone mass of OP patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ICA on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone-derived MSCs (BMSCs) from patients with OP and T2DM and uncover the potential mechanism. METHODS BMSCs were treated with ICA, and proliferation and osteogenic potency were evaluated using the 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and detection of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2, SPP1, COL1A1, and mineralized nodules) was performed. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after ICA treatment and screen proliferation- and osteogenic differentiation-related processes. Gene gain and loss were performed to confirm the role of the key candidate gene. RESULTS ICA significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. A total of 173 DEGs were identified after ICA treatment. Six DEGs (GLI-1, IGF2, BMP6, WNT5A, PTHLH, and MAPK14) enriched in both proliferation- and osteogenic differentiation-related processes were screened; GLI-1 had the highest validated |log2FC| value. Overexpression of GLI-1 enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and knockdown of GLI-1 weakened the positive effect of ICA on BMSCs. CONCLUSION ICA promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of impaired BMSCs by upregulating GLI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xu-Han Chen
- Zhoupu Community Health Service Center, 163 Shenmei East Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Deng X, Deng L, Xu M, Sun Y, Yang M. Effects of SIRT1 on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1077-1086. [PMID: 36624641 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230109124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for osteoporosis. SIRT1 plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus; however, it is still not clear whether SIRT1 is directly related to the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in T2DM patients. METHODS We obtained BMSCs from patients with T2DM and healthy volunteers to determine the effect of SIRT1 expression on the osteogenic capacity of BMSCs. As a result, SIRT1 expression in BMSCs in T2DM was significantly lower compared to healthy volunteers, but the proliferative capacity of BMSCs in the T2DM group was not significantly different from that of healthy volunteers. RESULTS During osteogenic differentiation, the expression of SIRT1 in MSCs from T2DM patients was significantly decreased, and the osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs from T2DM patients was significantly lower than healthy volunteers. After intervention with resveratrol, the expression of SIRT1 increased significantly, and the apoptotic rate of MSCs in T2DM patients decreased significantly. Moreover, resveratrol promoted osteoblast differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the expression of SIRT1 is directly related to the osteogenic potential of BMSCs in patients with T2DM. Resveratrol promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by increasing the expression of SIRT1. The increased expression of SIRT1 significantly reduced BMSC apoptosis during osteogenic differentiation, which is one of the important mechanisms by which SIRT1 regulates the osteogenic ability of BMSCs. Our data also provide strong evidence that resveratrol may be used in the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yanlei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China
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7
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Han F, Wang C, Cheng P, Liu T, Wang WS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate diabetic bone-fat imbalance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149168. [PMID: 37124755 PMCID: PMC10145165 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with systemic complications. Patient with diabetes have increased risks of bone fracture. Previous studies report that diabetes could affect bone metabolism, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods We isolated exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of normal and diabetic mice and test their effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Then we screened the differential microRNAs by high-throughput sequencing and explored the function of key microRNA in vitro and in vivo. Results We find that lower bone mass and higher marrow fat accumulation, also called bone-fat imbalance, exists in diabetic mouse model. Exosomes secreted by normal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exos) enhanced osteogenesis and suppressed adipogenesis, while these effects were diminished in diabetic BMSCs-Exos. miR-221, as one of the highly expressed miRNAs within diabetic BMSCs-Exos, showed abilities of suppressing osteogenesis and promoting adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Elevation of miR-221 level in normal BMSCs-Exos impairs the ability of regulating osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Intriguingly, using the aptamer delivery system, delivery normal BMSCs-Exos specifically to BMSCs increased bone mass, reduced marrow fat accumulation, and promoted bone regeneration in diabetic mice. Conclusion We demonstrate that BMSCs derived exosomal miR-221 is a key regulator of diabetic osteoporosis, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-related skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
| | - Wei-Shan Wang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Cheng, ; Ting Liu, ; Wei-Shan Wang,
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Hechavarria ME, Richard SA. Elucidating the Focal Immunomodulatory Clues Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Milieu of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:62-75. [PMID: 35450531 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220420134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intervertebral discs (IVDs) are a relatively mobile joint that interconnects vertebrae of the spine. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of low back pain, which is most often related to patient morbidity as well as high medical costs. Patients with chronic IVDD often need surgery that may sometimes lead to biomechanical complications as well as augmented degeneration of the adjacent segments. Moreover, treatment modalities like rigid intervertebral fusion, dynamic instrumentation, as well as other surgical interventions are still controversial. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have exhibited to have immunomodulatory functions and the ability to differentiate into cartilage, making these cells possibly an epitome for IVD regeneration. Transplanted MSCs were able to repair IVDD back to the normal disc milieu via the activation of the generation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as aggrecan, proteoglycans and collagen types I and II. IVD milieu clues like, periostin, cluster of differentiation, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins, chemokines, transforming growth factor beta, reactive oxygen species, toll-like receptors, tyrosine protein kinase receptor and disialoganglioside, exosomes are capable of influencing the MSCs during treatment of IVDD. ECM microenvironment clues above have potentials as biomarkers as well as accurate molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana, West Africa
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Araújo R, Martin V, Ferreira R, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS. A new ex vivo model of the bone tissue response to the hyperglycemic environment - The embryonic chicken femur organotypic culture in high glucose conditions. Bone 2022; 158:116355. [PMID: 35151894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) embrace a group of chronic metabolic conditions with a high morbidity, causing deleterious effects in different tissues and organs, including bone. Hyperglycemia seems to be one of the most contributing etiological factors of bone-related alterations, altering metabolic functionality and inducing morphological adaptations. Despite the established models for the assessment of bone functionality in hyperglycemic conditions, in vitro studies present a limited representativeness given the imperfect cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and restricted three-dimensional spatial arrangement; while in vivo studies raise ethical issues and offer limited mechanistic characterization, given the modulatory influence of many systemic factors and/or regulatory systems. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to establish and characterize an innovative ex vivo model of the bone tissue response to hyperglycemia, reaching hand of the organotypic culture of embryonic chicken femurs in high glucose conditions, showcasing the integrative responsiveness of the model regarding hyperglycemia-induced alterations. A thorough assessment of the cellular and tissue functionality was further conducted. Results show that, in high glucose conditions, femurs presented an increased cell proliferation and enhanced collagen production, despite the altered protein synthesis, substantiated by the increased carbonyl content. Gene expression analysis evidenced that high glucose levels induced the expression of pro-inflammatory and early osteogenic markers, further impairing the expression of late osteogenic markers. Furthermore, the tissue morphological organization and matrix mineralization were significantly altered by high glucose levels, as evidenced by histological, histochemical and microtomographic evaluations. Attained data is coherent with acknowledged hyperglycemia-induced bone tissue alterations, validating the models' effectiveness, and evidencing its integrative responsiveness regarding cell proliferation, gene and protein expression, and tissue morpho-functional organization. The assessed ex vivo model conjoins the capability to access both cellular and tissue outcomes in the absence of a systemic modulatory influence, outreaching the functionality of current experimental in vitro and in vivo models of the diabetic bone condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Martin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Photobiomodulation treatments drive osteogenic versus adipocytic fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reversing the effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2845-2854. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Edifying the Focal Factors Influencing Mesenchymal Stem Cells by the Microenvironment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Low Back Pain. Pain Res Manag 2022; 2022:6235400. [PMID: 35386857 PMCID: PMC8977320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6235400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main triggers of low back pain, which is most often associated with patient morbidity and high medical costs. IVDD triggers a wide range of pathologies and clinical syndromes like paresthesia, weakness of extremities, and intermittent/chronic back pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated to possess immunomodulatory functions as well as the capability of differentiating into chondrocytes under appropriate microenvironment conditions, which makes them potentially epitome for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. The IVD microenvironment is composed by niche of cells, and their chemical and physical milieus have been exhibited to have robust influence on MSC behavior as well as differentiation. Nevertheless, the contribution of MSCs to the IVD milieu conditions in healthy as well as degeneration situations is still a matter of debate. It is still not clear which factors, if any, are essential for effective and efficient MSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. IVD microenvironment clues such as nucleopulpocytes, potential of hydrogen (pH), osmotic changes, glucose, hypoxia, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and hydrogels are capable of influencing the MSCs aimed for the treatment of IVDD. Therefore, clinical usage of MSCs ought to take into consideration these microenvironment clues during treatment. Alteration in these factors could function as prognostic indicators during the treatment of patients with IVDD using MSCs. Thus, standardized valves for these microenvironment clues are warranted.
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Wu Q, Yamawaki I, Taguchi Y, Shiomi K, Kimura D, Takahashi T, Umeda M. Glucose Affects the Quality and Properties of Hard Tissue in Diabetes Mellitus Model. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Isao Yamawaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | - Kei Shiomi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | | | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
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13
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Choudhery MS. Strategies to improve regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1845-1862. [PMID: 35069986 PMCID: PMC8727227 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i12.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, stem cell-based therapies have gained attention worldwide for various diseases and disorders. Adult stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are preferred due to their significant regenerative potential in cellular therapies and are currently involved in hundreds of clinical trials. Although MSCs have high self-renewal as well as differentiation potential, such abilities are compromised with “advanced age” and “disease status” of the donor. Similarly, cell-based therapies require high cell number for clinical applications that often require in vitro expansion of cells. It is pertinent to note that aged individuals are the main segment of population for stem cell-based therapies, however; autologous use of stem cells for such patients (aged and diseased) does not seem to give optimal results due to their compromised potential. In vitro expansion to obtain large numbers of cells also negatively affects the regenerative potential of MSCs. It is therefore essential to improve the regenerative potential of stem cells compromised due to “in vitro expansion”, “donor age” and “donor disease status” for their successful autologous use. The current review has been organized to address the age and disease depleted function of resident adult stem cells, and the strategies to improve their potential. To combat the problem of decline in the regenerative potential of cells, this review focuses on the strategies that manipulate the cell environment such as hypoxia, heat shock, caloric restriction and preconditioning with different factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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Yin M, Zhang Y, Yu H, Li X. Role of Hyperglycemia in the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665412. [PMID: 33968939 PMCID: PMC8099107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have laid a sound foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, the clinical efficiency of MSC treatments varies depending on certain cell characteristics. Among these, the roles of cell aging or senescence cannot be excluded. Despite their stemness, evidence of senescence in MSCs has recently gained attention. Many factors may contribute to the senescence of MSCs, including MSC origin (biological niche), donor conditions (age, obesity, diseases, or unknown factors), and culture conditions in vitro. With the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the effects of hyperglycemia on the senescence of MSCs should be evaluated to improve the application of autologous MSCs. This review aims to present the available data on the senescence of MSCs, its relationship with hyperglycemia, and the strategies to suppress the senescence of MSCs in a hyperglycemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Liu Y, Tingart M, Lecouturier S, Li J, Eschweiler J. Identification of co-expression network correlated with different periods of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:254. [PMID: 33836657 PMCID: PMC8035768 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is a complex and dynamic process. The gene expression pattern and mechanism of different periods of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. Additionally, the interaction between these two lineage determination requires further exploration. RESULTS Five modules that were most significantly associated with osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs were selected for further investigation. Biological terms (e.g. ribosome biogenesis, TNF-α signalling pathway, glucose import and fatty acid metabolism) along with hub transcription factors (e.g. PPARG and YY1) and hub miRNAs (e.g. hsa-mir-26b-5p) were enriched in different modules. The expression pattern of 6 hub genes, ADIPOQ, FABP4, SLC7A5, SELPLG, BIRC3, and KLHL30 was validated by RT-qPCR. Finally, cell staining experiments extended the findings of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION This study identified the key genes, biological functions, and regulators of each time point of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and provided novel evidence and ideas for further research on the differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophie Lecouturier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jianzhang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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van de Vyver M, Powrie YSL, Smith C. Targeting Stem Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:163-181. [PMID: 33725353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) dysfunction is a serious complication in ageing and age-related inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammation and oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence alter the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs and hamper their pro-regenerative function, which in turn leads to an increase in disease severity, maladaptive tissue damage and the development of comorbidities. Targeting stem/progenitor cells to restore their function and/or protect them against impairment could thus improve healing outcomes and significantly enhance the quality of life for diabetic patients. This review discusses the dysregulation of MSCs' immunomodulatory capacity in the context of diabetes mellitus and focuses on intervention strategies aimed at MSC rejuvenation. Research pertaining to the potential therapeutic use of either pharmacological agents (NFкB antagonists), natural products (phytomedicine) or biological agents (exosomes, probiotics) to improve MSC function is discussed and an overview of the most pertinent methodological considerations given. Based on in vitro studies, numerous anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants and biological agents show tremendous potential to revitalise MSCs. An integrated systems approach and a thorough understanding of complete disease pathology are however required to identify feasible candidates for in vivo targeting of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari van de Vyver
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Yigael S L Powrie
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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17
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Bueno NP, Copete IN, Lopes HB, Arany PR, Marques MM, Ferraz EP. Recovering the osteoblastic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats by photobiomodulation therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000393. [PMID: 33184942 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Autologous cell-based therapy for bone regeneration might be impaired by diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the negative effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Strategies to recover their osteogenic potential could optimize the results. We aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on osteoblast differentiation of rats with induced DM. Bone marrow MSCs of healthy and diabetic rats were isolated and differentiated into osteoblasts (OB and dOB, respectively). dOB were treated with PBM therapy every 72 hour (660 nm; 0.14 J; 20 mW; 0.714 W/cm2 , and 5 J/cm2 ). Cell morphology, viability, gene and protein expression of osteoblastic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the mineralized matrix production of dOB-PBM were compared to dOB. PBM therapy improved viability of dOB, increased the gene and protein expression of bone markers, the ALP activity and the mineralized matrix production. PBM therapy represents an innovative therapeutic approach to optimize the treatment of bone defects in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Praveen R Arany
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, New York, New York, USA
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Gomes PS, Resende M, Fernandes MH. Doxycycline restores the impaired osteogenic commitment of diabetic-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells by increasing the canonical WNT signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110975. [PMID: 32758627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus comprehends a group of chronic metabolic disorders, associated with damage and dysfunction of distinct tissues, including bone. At the cellular level, an impaired osteoblastogenesis has been reported, affecting the viability, proliferation and functionality of osteoblasts and precursor populations, hampering the bone metabolic activity, remodeling and healing. Tetracyclines embrace a group of broad-spectrum antibacterial compounds with potential anabolic effects on the bone tissue, through antibacterial-independent mechanisms. Accordingly, this study aims to address the modulatory capability and associated molecular signaling of a low dosage doxycycline - a semi-synthetic tetracycline, in the functional activity of osteoblastic progenitor cells (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells), established from a translational diabetic experimental model. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat with proven osteopenia. Cultures were characterized, in the presence of doxycycline (1 μg ml-1) for proliferation, metabolic activity, apoptosis, collagen synthesis and relevant gene expression with the osteogenic and adipogenic program. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was further detailed. Doxycycline normalized the viability, proliferation and metabolic activity of the established cultures, further decreasing cell apoptosis, to levels similar to control. The addition of this drug to the culture environment further increased the osteogenic activation, upregulating the expression of osteogenic markers and collagen synthesis, at the same time that a decreased adipogenic priming was attained. These processes were found to me mediated, at least in part, by the restoration of the signaling through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa Gomes
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, 4160-007, Portugal.
| | - Marta Resende
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab - Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, R. Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, 4160-007, Portugal
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19
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Koobotse MO, Schmidt D, Holly JMP, Perks CM. Glucose Concentration in Cell Culture Medium Influences the BRCA1-Mediated Regulation of the Lipogenic Action of IGF-I in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8674. [PMID: 33212987 PMCID: PMC7698585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is a common metabolic alteration associated with breast cancer risk and progression. We have previously reported that BRCA1 restrains metabolic activity and proliferative response to IGF-I anabolic actions in breast cancer cells cultured in high glucose. Here, we evaluated the impact of normal physiological glucose on these tumour suppressive roles of BRCA1. Human breast cancer cells cultured in normal physiological and high glucose were treated with IGF-I (0-500 ng/mL). Cellular responses were evaluated using immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and cell viability assay. As we previously reported, IGF-I induced ACCA dephosphorylation by reducing the association between BRCA1 and phosphorylated ACCA in high glucose, and upregulated FASN abundance downstream of ACCA. However, these effects were not observed in normal glucose. Normal physiological glucose conditions completely blocked IGF-I-induced ACCA dephosphorylation and FASN upregulation. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that normal physiological glucose blocked ACCA dephosphorylation by increasing the association between BRCA1 and phosphorylated ACCA. Compared to high glucose, the proliferative response of breast cancer cells to IGF-I was reduced in normal glucose, whereas no difference was observed in normal mammary epithelial cells. Considering these results collectively, we conclude that normal physiological glucose promotes the novel function of BRCA1 as a metabolic restraint of IGF-I actions. These data suggest that maintaining normal glucose levels may improve BRCA1 function in breast cancer and slow down cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses O. Koobotse
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (M.O.K.); (D.S.); (J.M.P.H.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Plot 4775, Botswana
| | - Dayane Schmidt
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (M.O.K.); (D.S.); (J.M.P.H.)
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (M.O.K.); (D.S.); (J.M.P.H.)
| | - Claire M. Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; (M.O.K.); (D.S.); (J.M.P.H.)
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Pieles O, Reck A, Morsczeck C. High endogenous expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) supports osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:397-403. [PMID: 32710187 PMCID: PMC8616871 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are progenitor cells for mineralizing cells such as alveolar osteoblasts, but little is known about the mechanisms of the differentiation. Interestingly, different cell lines sometimes have different potentials to differentiate into mineralizing cells. In this study, we compared two different DFC lines, with one cell line (DFC_B) showing a high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in long-term cultures with standard medium and a reliable mineralizing potential. However, the other cell line DFC_A shows low ALP activity in standard medium and almost no mineralization. Known osteogenic markers such as RUNX2 were similarly expressed in both cell lines. However, the proosteogenic signaling pathway of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is induced in DFC_B, and the parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is involved in tooth root development, was also expressed more strongly. Previous studies have shown that the secreted PTHrP negatively regulate the transition from pre-osteoblastic progenitors to osteoblasts, but we showed that an inhibition of PTHrP gene expression reduced the ALP activity and the BMP-signaling pathway. In addition, endogenously expressed PTHrP is located in the cell nucleus. In contrast, supplementation of PTHrP or an inhibitor for the PTHrP receptor did not affect the ALP activity of DFC_B. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high endogenous expression of PTHrP in DFCs supports the induction of osteogenic differentiation via an intracrine mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pieles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Reck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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