1
|
Fritzsch B, Schultze HP, Elliott KL. The evolution of the various structures required for hearing in Latimeria and tetrapods. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:325-341. [PMID: 37006720 PMCID: PMC10063410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopterygians evolved around 415 Ma and have developed a unique set of features, including the basilar papilla and the cochlear aqueduct of the inner ear. We provide an overview that shows the morphological integration of the various parts needed for hearing, e.g., basilar papilla, tectorial membrane, cochlear aqueduct, lungs, and tympanic membranes. The lagena of the inner ear evolved from a common macula of the saccule several times. It is near this lagena where the basilar papilla forms in Latimeria and tetrapods. The basilar papilla is lost in lungfish, certain caecilians and salamanders, but is transformed into the cochlea of mammals. Hearing in bony fish and tetrapods involves particle motion to improve sound pressure reception within the ear but also works without air. Lungs evolved after the chondrichthyans diverged and are present in sarcopterygians and actinopterygians. Lungs open to the outside in tetraposomorph sarcopterygians but are transformed from a lung into a swim bladder in ray-finned fishes. Elasmobranchs, polypterids, and many fossil fishes have open spiracles. In Latimeria, most frogs, and all amniotes, a tympanic membrane covering the spiracle evolved independently. The tympanic membrane is displaced by pressure changes and enabled tetrapods to perceive airborne sound pressure waves. The hyomandibular bone is associated with the spiracle/tympanic membrane in actinopterygians and piscine sarcopterygians. In tetrapods, it transforms into the stapes that connects the oval window of the inner ear with the tympanic membrane and allows hearing at higher frequencies by providing an impedance matching and amplification mechanism. The three characters-basilar papilla, cochlear aqueduct, and tympanic membrane-are fluid related elements in sarcopterygians, which interact with a set of unique features in Latimeria. Finally, we explore the possible interaction between the unique intracranial joint, basicranial muscle, and an enlarged notochord that allows fluid flow to the foramen magnum and the cochlear aqueduct which houses a comparatively small brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
- Correspondence to: Department of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | | | - Karen L. Elliott
- Department of Biology & Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chohra I, Chung K, Giri S, Malgrange B. ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodellers in Inner Ear Development. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040532. [PMID: 36831199 PMCID: PMC9954591 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During transcription, DNA replication and repair, chromatin structure is constantly modified to reveal specific genetic regions and allow access to DNA-interacting enzymes. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to modify chromatin architecture by repositioning and rearranging nucleosomes. These complexes are defined by a conserved SNF2-like, catalytic ATPase subunit and are divided into four families: CHD, SWI/SNF, ISWI and INO80. ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers are crucial in regulating development and stem cell biology in numerous organs, including the inner ear. In addition, mutations in genes coding for proteins that are part of chromatin remodellers have been implicated in numerous cases of neurosensory deafness. In this review, we describe the composition, structure and functional activity of these complexes and discuss how they contribute to hearing and neurosensory deafness.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao R, Takechi M, Wang X, Furutera T, Nojiri T, Koyabu D, Li J. Temporal and regulatory dynamics of the inner ear transcriptome during development in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21196. [PMID: 36476755 PMCID: PMC9729293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear controls hearing and balance, while the temporal molecular signatures and transcriptional regulatory dynamics underlying its development are still unclear. In this study, we investigated time-series transcriptome in the mouse inner ear from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to postnatal day 7 (P7) using bulk RNA-Seq. A total of 10,822 differentially expressed genes were identified between pairwise stages. We identified nine significant temporal expression profiles using time-series expression analysis. The constantly down-regulated profiles throughout the development are related to DNA activity and neurosensory development, while the constantly upregulated profiles are related to collagen and extracellular matrix. Further co-expression network analysis revealed that several hub genes, such as Pnoc, Cd9, and Krt27, are related to the neurosensory development, cell adhesion, and keratinization. We uncovered three important transcription regulatory paths during mice inner ear development. Transcription factors related to Hippo/TGFβ signaling induced decreased expressions of genes related to the neurosensory and inner ear development, while a series of INF genes activated the expressions of genes in immunoregulation. In addition to deepening our understanding of the temporal and regulatory mechanisms of inner ear development, our transcriptomic data could fuel future multi-species comparative studies and elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of auditory development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Xiuwan Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taro Nojiri
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan.
| | - Jun Li
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glover JC, Fritzsch B. Molecular mechanisms governing development of the hindbrain choroid plexus and auditory projection: A validation of the seminal observations of Wilhelm His. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:306-313. [PMID: 36247525 PMCID: PMC9561746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies by His from 1868 to 1904 delineated the critical role of the dorsal roof plate in the development of the hindbrain choroid plexus, and of the rhombic lips in the development of hindbrain auditory centers. Modern molecular studies have confirmed these observations and placed them in a mechanistic context. Expression of the transcription factor Lmx1a/b is crucial to the development of the hindbrain choroid plexus, and also regulates the expression of Atoh1, a transcription factor that is essential for the formation of the cochlear hair cells and auditory nuclei. By contrast, development of the vestibular hair cells, vestibular ganglion and vestibular nuclei does not depend on Lmx1a/b. These findings demonstrate a common dependence on a specific gene for the hindbrain choroid plexus and the primary auditory projection from hair cells to sensory neurons to hindbrain nuclei. Thus, His' conclusions regarding the origins of specific hindbrain structures are borne out by molecular genetic experiments conducted more than a hundred years later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Glover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michiue T, Tsukano K. Feedback Regulation of Signaling Pathways for Precise Pre-Placodal Ectoderm Formation in Vertebrate Embryos. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030035. [PMID: 36135368 PMCID: PMC9504399 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways are essential to establish embryonic patterning, including embryonic axis formation. Ectodermal patterning is also governed by a series of morphogens. Four ectodermal regions are thought to be controlled by morphogen gradients, but some perturbations are expected to occur during dynamic morphogenetic movement. Therefore, a mechanism to define areas precisely and reproducibly in embryos, including feedback regulation of signaling pathways, is necessary. In this review, we outline ectoderm pattern formation and signaling pathways involved in the establishment of the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE). We also provide an example of feedback regulation of signaling pathways for robust formation of the PPE, showing the importance of this regulation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou S, Zhang J, Wu Y, Junmin C, Yuyu H, He B, Yang Y, Hong Y, Chen J, Yang J, Li S. FGF22 deletion causes hidden hearing loss by affecting the function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:922665. [PMID: 35966010 PMCID: PMC9366910 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.922665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribbon synapses are important structures in transmitting auditory signals from the inner hair cells (IHCs) to their corresponding spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Over the last few decades, deafness has been primarily attributed to the deterioration of cochlear hair cells rather than ribbon synapses. Hearing dysfunction that cannot be detected by the hearing threshold is defined as hidden hearing loss (HHL). The relationship between ribbon synapses and FGF22 deletion remains unknown. In this study, we used a 6-week-old FGF22 knockout mice model (Fgf22–/–) and mainly focused on alteration in ribbon synapses by applying the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, the immunofluorescence staining, the patch-clamp recording, and quantitative real-time PCR. In Fgf22–/– mice, we found the decreased amplitude of ABR wave I, the reduced vesicles of ribbon synapses, and the decreased efficiency of exocytosis, which was suggested by a decrease in the capacitance change. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Fgf22–/– led to dysfunction in ribbon synapses by downregulating SNAP-25 and Gipc3 and upregulating MEF2D expression, which was important for the maintenance of ribbon synapses’ function. Our research concluded that FGF22 deletion caused HHL by affecting the function of IHC ribbon synapses and may offer a novel therapeutic target to meet an ever-growing demand for deafness treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shule Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Junmin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Yuyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihui He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuren Hong
- Laboratory of Electron Microscope Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiarui Chen,
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Jun Yang,
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shuna Li,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An Integrated Perspective of Evolution and Development: From Genes to Function to Ear, Lateral Line and Electroreception. DIVERSITY 2021; 13. [PMID: 35505776 PMCID: PMC9060560 DOI: 10.3390/d13080364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four sensory systems (vestibular, lateral line, electroreception, auditory) are unique and project exclusively to the brainstem of vertebrates. All sensory neurons depend on a common set of genes (Eya1, Sox2, Neurog1, Neurod1) that project to a dorsal nucleus and an intermediate nucleus, which differentiate into the vestibular ear, lateral line and electroreception in vertebrates. In tetrapods, a loss of two sensory systems (lateral line, electroreception) leads to the development of a unique ear and auditory system in amniotes. Lmx1a/b, Gdf7, Wnt1/3a, BMP4/7 and Atoh1 define the lateral line, electroreception and auditory nuclei. In contrast, vestibular nuclei depend on Neurog1/2, Ascl1, Ptf1a and Olig3, among others, to develop an independent origin of the vestibular nuclei. A common origin of hair cells depends on Eya1, Sox2 and Atoh1, which generate the mechanosensory cells. Several proteins define the polarity of hair cells in the ear and lateral line. A unique connection of stereocilia requires CDH23 and PCDH15 for connections and TMC1/2 proteins to perceive mechanosensory input. Electroreception has no polarity, and a different system is used to drive electroreceptors. All hair cells function by excitation via ribbons to activate neurons that innervate the distinct target areas. An integrated perspective is presented to understand the gain and loss of different sensory systems.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mutations in SIX1 Associated with Branchio-oto-Renal Syndrome (BOR) Differentially Affect Otic Expression of Putative Target Genes. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030025. [PMID: 34208995 PMCID: PMC8293042 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several single-nucleotide mutations in SIX1 underlie branchio-otic/branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, but the clinical literature has not been able to correlate different variants with specific phenotypes. We previously assessed whether variants in either the cofactor binding domain (V17E, R110W) or the DNA binding domain (W122R, Y129C) might differentially affect early embryonic gene expression, and found that each variant had a different combination of effects on neural crest and placode gene expression. Since the otic vesicle gives rise to the inner ear, which is consistently affected in BOR, herein we focused on whether the variants differentially affected the otic expression of genes previously found to be likely Six1 targets. We found that V17E, which does not bind Eya cofactors, was as effective as wild-type Six1 in reducing most otic target genes, whereas R110W, W122R and Y129C, which bind Eya, were significantly less effective. Notably, V17E reduced the otic expression of prdm1, whereas R110W, W122R and Y129C expanded it. Since each mutant has defective transcriptional activity but differs in their ability to interact with Eya cofactors, we propose that altered cofactor interactions at the mutated sites differentially interfere with their ability to drive otic gene expression, and these differences may contribute to patient phenotype variability.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ning W, Huang M, Wu S, Wang H, Yao J, Ge Y, Tang Y, Sun K, Xie X, Hu Q. CT23 knockdown attenuating malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cell is associated with upregulation of metallothionein 1. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1231-1245. [PMID: 33559934 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-testis antigen 23 (CT23) gene has been reported in association with the pathogenesis and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the alterations of gene expression profiling induced by CT23 knockdown in HCC cells remains largely unknown. In this study, the RNA interfering (RNAi) method was used to silence CT23 expression in BEL-7404 cells. Microarray analysis was performed on mRNA extracted from the CT23 knockdown cells and the control cells to determine the alterations of gene expression profiles. The result showed a total of 1051 genes expressed differentially (two-fold change), including 470 genes upregulated and 581 gene downregulated in the CT23 knockdown cells. A bioinformatic analysis showed that the functional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were linked to cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, and metallothionein 1 (MT1) attained the maximum enrichment scores in functional annotation, classification, and pathway analysis of DEGs. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and cell behaviors assays verified that CT23 modulates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by regulating MT1 expression in HCC cells and non-neoplastic hepatocytes. In summary, downregulated CT23 gene in BEL-7404 cells might change the expressions of carcinogenesis and progression related genes in HCC by upregulating MT1 expression, which would provide insight into searching for a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Ning
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Radiology Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiali Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yulu Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kejian Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thümmler K, Rom E, Zeis T, Lindner M, Brunner S, Cole JJ, Arseni D, Mücklisch S, Edgar JM, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Yayon A, Linington C. Polarizing receptor activation dissociates fibroblast growth factor 2 mediated inhibition of myelination from its neuroprotective potential. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:212. [PMID: 31856924 PMCID: PMC6923900 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling contributes to failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis, but targeting this therapeutically is complicated by its functional pleiotropy. We now identify FGF2 as a factor up-regulated by astrocytes in active inflammatory lesions that disrupts myelination via FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) mediated activation of Wingless (Wnt) signaling; pharmacological inhibition of Wnt being sufficient to abrogate inhibition of myelination by FGF2 in tissue culture. Using a novel FGFR1-selective agonist (F2 V2) generated by deleting the N-terminal 26 amino acids of FGF2 we demonstrate polarizing signal transduction to favor FGFR1 abrogates FGF mediated inhibition of myelination but retains its ability to induce expression of pro-myelinating and immunomodulatory factors that include Cd93, Lif, Il11, Hbegf, Cxcl1 and Timp1. Our data provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of remyelination failure in MS and identify selective activation of FGFR1 as a novel strategy to induce a neuroprotective signaling environment in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao H, Shi J, Du J, Chen K, Dong C, Jiang D, Jiang H. MicroRNA-194 Regulates the Development and Differentiation of Sensory Patches and Statoacoustic Ganglion of Inner Ear by Fgf4. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1712-1723. [PMID: 29570699 PMCID: PMC5880017 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA 194 is involved in the differentiation of various types of cells, such as adipose derived stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Previously, we found that miR-194 was highly expressed in the inner ear sensory patch and neurons in mice embryos. However, the role of miR-194 in the development of the inner ear and its underlying mechanism have not been elucidated yet. Material/Methods The expression level of miR-194 has been altered by using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) and synthesized miRNAs in zebrafish. Results We found that miR-194 was vastly expressed in the inner ear and central nervous system (CNS) in zebrafish. Loss of function of miR-194 could strongly affected the development of zebrafish embryos, including delayed embryonic development, edema of the pericardium, small head, axial deviation, delayed development of inner ear, closer location of two otoliths, delayed fusion of the semicircular canals, and abnormal otolith number in some cases. In addition, the behavior of zebrafish was also adversely affected with impaired balance and biased swimming route. Misexpression of miR-194 could strongly affected the development and differentiation of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) in inner ear through Fgf4 in vitro. Similar results have also been observed that the overexpression and knockdown of miR-194 strongly disturbed the development and differentiation of the sensory patches and Statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) through Fgf4 in zebrafish in vivo. Our results indicated that miR-194 may regulate the development and differentiation of sensory patches and SAG through Fgf4. Conclusions Our data revealed a vital role of miR-194 in regulating the development and differentiation of the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Department of Otolaryngology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jintao Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, West China hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Kaitian Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Chang Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A gene network regulated by FGF signalling during ear development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6162. [PMID: 28733657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During development cell commitment is regulated by inductive signals that are tightly controlled in time and space. In response, cells activate specific programmes, but the transcriptional circuits that maintain cell identity in a changing signalling environment are often poorly understood. Specification of inner ear progenitors is initiated by FGF signalling. Here, we establish the genetic hierarchy downstream of FGF by systematic analysis of many ear factors combined with a network inference approach. We show that FGF rapidly activates a small circuit of transcription factors forming positive feedback loops to stabilise otic progenitor identity. Our predictive network suggests that subsequently, transcriptional repressors ensure the transition of progenitors to mature otic cells, while simultaneously repressing alternative fates. Thus, we reveal the regulatory logic that initiates ear formation and highlight the hierarchical organisation of the otic gene network.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ladher RK. Changing shape and shaping change: Inducing the inner ear. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 65:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Franco B, Malgrange B. Concise Review: Regeneration in Mammalian Cochlea Hair Cells: Help from Supporting Cells Transdifferentiation. Stem Cells 2017; 35:551-556. [PMID: 28102558 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that mammalian cochlear cells do not regenerate. Therefore, if hair cells are lost following an injury, no recovery could occur. However, during the first postnatal week, mice harbor some progenitor cells that retain the ability to give rise to new hair cells. These progenitor cells are in fact supporting cells. Upon hair cells loss, those cells are able to generate new hair cells both by direct transdifferentiation or following cell cycle re-entry and differentiation. However, this property of supporting cells is progressively lost after birth. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that are involved in mammalian hair cell development and regeneration. Manipulating pathways used during development constitute good candidates for inducing hair cell regeneration after injury. Despite these promising studies, there is still no evidence for a recovery following hair cells loss in adult mammals. Stem Cells 2017;35:551-556.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Franco
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit - GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit - GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
DeJonge RE, Liu XP, Deig CR, Heller S, Koehler KR, Hashino E. Modulation of Wnt Signaling Enhances Inner Ear Organoid Development in 3D Culture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162508. [PMID: 27607106 PMCID: PMC5015985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived inner ear sensory epithelia are a promising source of tissues for treating patients with hearing loss and dizziness. We recently demonstrated how to generate inner ear sensory epithelia, designated as inner ear organoids, from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a self-organizing 3D culture. Here we improve the efficiency of this culture system by elucidating how Wnt signaling activity can drive the induction of otic tissue. We found that a carefully timed treatment with the potent Wnt agonist CHIR99021 promotes induction of otic vesicles—a process that was previously self-organized by unknown mechanisms. The resulting otic-like vesicles have a larger lumen size and contain a greater number of Pax8/Pax2-positive otic progenitor cells than organoids derived without the Wnt agonist. Additionally, these otic-like vesicles give rise to large inner ear organoids with hair cells whose morphological, biochemical and functional properties are indistinguishable from those of vestibular hair cells in the postnatal mouse inner ear. We conclude that Wnt signaling plays a similar role during inner ear organoid formation as it does during inner ear development in the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. DeJonge
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Deig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (KRK)
| | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EH); (KRK)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kwon HJ. Vitamin D receptor deficiency impairs inner ear development in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:994-8. [PMID: 27526995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological actions of vitamin D are largely mediated through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, which regulates gene expression in a wide variety of tissues and cells. Mutations in VDR gene have been implicated in ear disorders (hearing loss and balance disorder) but the mechanisms are not well established. In this study, to investigate the role of VDR in inner ear development, morpholino-mediated gene knockdown approaches were used in zebrafish model system. Two paralogs for VDR, vdra and vdrb, have been identified in zebrafish. Knockdown of vdra had no effect on ear development, whereas knockdown of vdrb displayed morphological ear defects including smaller otic vesicles with malformed semicircular canals and abnormal otoliths. Loss-of-vdrb resulted in down-regulation of pre-otic markers, pax8 and pax2a, indicating impairment of otic induction. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos lacking vdrb produced fewer sensory hair cells in the ears and showed disruption of balance and motor coordination. These data reveal that VDR signaling plays an important role in ear development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joo Kwon
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, United States; Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|