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Wang X, Li W, Cui S, Wu Y, Wei Y, Li J, Hu J. Impact of tps1 Deletion and Overexpression on Terpene Metabolites in Trichoderma atroviride. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:485. [PMID: 39057372 PMCID: PMC11278490 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are structurally diverse natural products that have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Research has shown that fungi produce a variety of terpenoids, yet fungal terpene synthases remain not thoroughly explored. In this study, the tps1 gene, a crucial component of the terpene synthetic pathway, was isolated from Trichoderma atroviride HB20111 through genome mining. The function of this gene in the terpene synthetic pathway was investigated by constructing tps1-gene-deletion- and overexpression-engineered strains and evaluating the expression differences in the tps1 gene at the transcript level. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis revealed significant variations in terpene metabolites among wild-type, tps1-deleted (Δtps1), and tps1-overexpressed (Otps1) strains; for instance, most sesquiterpene volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were notably reduced or absent in the Δtps1 strain, while nerolidol, β-acorenol, and guaiene were particularly produced by the Otps1 strain. However, both the Δtps1 and Otps1 strains produced new terpene metabolites compared to the wild-type, which indicated that the tps1 gene played an important role in terpene synthesis but was not the only gene involved in T. atroviride HB20111. The TPS1 protein encoded by the tps1 gene could function as a sesquiterpene cyclase through biological information and evolutionary tree analysis. Additionally, fungal inhibition assay and wheat growth promotion assay results suggested that the deletion or overexpression of the tps1 gene had a minimal impact on fungal inhibitory activity, plant growth promotion, and development, as well as stress response. This implies that these activities of T. atroviride HB20111 might result from a combination of multiple metabolites rather than being solely dependent on one specific metabolite. This study offers theoretical guidance for future investigations into the mechanism of terpenoid synthesis and serves as a foundation for related studies on terpenoid metabolic pathways in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jindong Hu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, China; (X.W.)
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Liu L, Yang A, Liu T, Liu S, Hu P, Chen C, Zhou H, Wu J, Yu F. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Leaves from Cutting Rejuvenation of Ancient Cinnamomum camphora. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7664. [PMID: 39062907 PMCID: PMC11277138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation refers to the transition from the state of mature to juvenile. Many ancient Cinnamomum camphora have aged and died due to climatic and anthropic factors. Vegetative propagation can protect valuable germplasm resources. In this study, a 2000-year-old ancient C. camphora and its 2-year-old cutting plantlets were selected as experimental materials. The results indicated that the number of leaves with palisade tissue (Pal) cell layers was different between samples, with two layers in the rejuvenated leaves (RLs) and one layer in the mature leaves (MLs) and young leaves (YLs). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenosine (iPR) concentrations were significantly higher in RLs than in MLs and YLs, but the abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was lower. Targeted metabolome analysis identified 293 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Meanwhile, a total of 5241 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome sequencing. According to the KEGG analysis, there were seven important enriched pathways in the MLs, RLs and YLs, including plant hormone signal transduction (57 DEGs), plant-pathogen interaction (56 DEGs) and MAPK signaling pathway-plant (36 DEGs). KEGG enrichment conjoint analyses of DEGs and DAMs identified 16 common pathways. Integrated analyses of cytological, hormone, metabolome and transcriptome elements can provide a research basis in regard to the rejuvenation regulatory mechanism of ancient C. camphora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Faxin Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species (NO.2024SSY04092), Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, No. 7777, Changdong Road, Nanchang 330096, China; (L.L.); (A.Y.); (T.L.); (S.L.); (P.H.); (C.C.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
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3
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Ling Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Hou J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Xiao C, Jin Z, Liu Y. Identification of key genes controlling monoterpene biosynthesis of Citral-type Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl. Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:540. [PMID: 38822238 PMCID: PMC11141066 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The citral-type is the most common chemotype in Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl (C. bodinieri), which has been widely used in the daily necessities, cosmetics, biomedicine, and aromatic areas due to their high citral content. Despite of this economic prospect, the possible gene-regulatory roles of citral biosynthesis in the same geographic environment remains unknown. In this study, the essential oils (EOs) of three citral type (B1, B2, B3) and one non-citral type (B0) varieties of C. bodinieri were identified by GC-MS after hydrodistillation extraction in July. 43 components more than 0.10% were identified in the EOs, mainly composed of monoterpenes (75.8-91.84%), and high content citral (80.63-86.33%) were identified in citral-type. Combined transcriptome and metabolite profiling analysis, plant-pathogen interaction(ko04626), MAPK signaling pathway-plant(ko04016), starch and sucrose metabolism(ko00500), plant hormone signal transduction(ko04075), terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (ko00900) and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (ko00902) pathways were enriched significantly. The gene expression of differential genes were linked to the monoterpene content, and the geraniol synthase (CbGES), alcohol dehydrogenase (CbADH), geraniol 8-hydroxylase-like (CbCYP76B6-like) and 8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cb10HGO) were upregulated in the citral-type, indicating that they were associated with high content of geraniol and citral. The activities of CbGES and CbADH in citral type were higher than in non-citral type, which was corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study on the accumulation mechanism of citral provides a theoretical basis for the development of essential oil of C. bodinieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ling
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Nanchang, China
| | - Beihong Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Zufei Xiao
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiexi Hou
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Changlong Xiao
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhinong Jin
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center For Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation, Nanchang, China.
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Yang Q, Zheng Z, Wang P, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhao G. Insights into Regulating Mechanism of Mutagenesis Strains of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica sp. F2 by Omics Analysis. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:183. [PMID: 37055590 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K2 plays an important role in electron transport, blood coagulation, and calcium homeostasis, and researchers have been trying to use microbes to produce it. Although our previous studies have shown that gradient radiation, breeding, and culture acclimation can improve vitamin K2 production in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, the mechanism is still unclear. This study is the first which performs genome sequencing of E. meningoseptica sp. F2 as a basis for subsequent experiments and further comparative analyses with other strains. Comparative metabolic pathway analysis of E. meningoseptica sp. F2, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and other vitamin K2 product strains revealed that the mevalonate pathway of E. meningoseptica sp. F2 is different in bacteria at the system level. The expressions of menA, menD, menH, and menI in the menaquinone pathway and idi, hmgR, and ggpps in the mevalonate pathway were higher than those in the original strain. A total of 67 differentially expressed proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway and citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) were identified. Our results reveal that combined gradient radiation breeding and culture acclimation can promote vitamin K2 accumulation probably by regulating the vitamin K2 pathway, oxidative phosphorylation metabolism pathway, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Zhan T, Xie C, Huang S, Zheng X. Genome-wide analyzation and functional characterization on the TPS family provide insight into the biosynthesis of mono-terpenes in the camphor tree. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:55-64. [PMID: 36696798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TPS) plays an important role in terpenoids biosynthesis. Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) contains dozens of terpenoids with medicinal value, especially borneol, which has been widely used since ancient times. However, limited information is available regarding the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in the C. camphora. In this study, 82 CcTPS genes were identified from the camphor tree genome (CTG). Gene cluster and sequence syntenic analysis suggested that tandem duplication occurred within the TPS family of the CTG, especially for the TPS-b subfamily. The chemotype-specific gene expression analysis showed significantly differential expression patterns among six chemotypes. It is worth noting that three genes (CcTPS26, CcTPS49 and CcTPS72) exhibited relatively high expression in the borneol-type camphor tree, compared to the other five chemotypes. Further functional characterization of them indicated that they were all bornyl diphosphate synthases (BPPSs), which function in catalyzing GPP into BPP and then undergoes dephosphorylation to yield borneol. This is the first report that multiple BPPSs exist within a single species. Intriguingly, CcTPS49 and CcTPS72 lead to the generation of dextral-borneol, while CcTPS26 contributes to the biosynthesis of levo-borneol. In addition, the functional characterization of another six CcTPSs suggested that they are responsible for the biosynthesis of linalool, eucalyptol and several other monoterpenes in camphor tree. In conclusion, these novel results provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of the CcTPS gene family and shed light on a better understanding of the biosynthesis and accumulation of monoterpenes in camphor tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunzhu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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6
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Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu G, Zhao Q, Bao Z, Ma F. Volatile secondary metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals distinct regulation mechanism of aroma biosynthesis in Syringa oblata and S. vulgaris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:965-973. [PMID: 36889235 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lilacs have high ornamental value due to their strong aroma. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of aroma biosynthesis and metabolism in lilac were largely unclear. In this study, two varieties with distinct aroma, Syringa oblata 'Zi Kui' (faint aroma) and Syringa vulgaris 'Li Fei' (strong aroma), were used for exploring the regulation mechanism of aroma difference. Via GC-MS analysis, a total of 43 volatile components were identified. Terpene volatiles was the most abundant volatiles constituting the aroma of two varieties. Notably, 3 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Zi Kui' and 30 volatile secondary metabolites were unique in 'Li Fei'. Then, a transcriptome analysis was performed to clarify the regulation mechanism of aroma metabolism difference between these two varieties, and identified 6411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Interestingly, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis genes were significantly enriched in DEGs. We further conducted a correlation analysis between the volatile metabolome and transcriptome and found that TPS, GGPPS, and HMGS genes might be the key contributors to the differences in floral fragrance composition between the two lilac varieties. Our study improves the understanding in the regulation mechanism of Lilac aroma and would help improve the aroma of ornamental crops by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China
| | - Genzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhao
- Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhilong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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7
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Jiang D, Lu X, Zhang L, Tang F. Enhancement of Pathogen Toxicity by Feeding Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder Sonicated Bacteria Expressing Double-Stranded RNA That Interferes with Olfaction. INSECTS 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 36835709 PMCID: PMC9965219 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder is a serious pest in China, and the odorant receptor co-receptor gene RcOrco plays a crucial role in olfaction. However, the function of RcOrco in the resistance of termites to entomopathogens has not been reported. We constructed dsRcOrco-HT115 engineered bacteria based on the RcOrco sequence from the full-length transcriptome data of R. chinensis. The engineered bacteria expressed dsRNA of RcOrco. Sonication was used to inactivate the dsRNA-HT115 strain and obtain a large amount of dsRcOrco. The dsRcOrco produced using this method overcame the problem that genetically engineered bacteria could not be applied directly and improved its effectiveness against termites. Bioassays using the dsRcOrco generated using this method showed that dsRcOrco significantly increased the toxicity of the bacterial and fungal pathogens to R. chinensis. The present study showed, for the first time, the function of Orco in termite resistance to pathogens, and the results provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of termite RNA biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabao Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Hou C, Zhang Q, Xie P, Lian H, Wang Y, Liang D, Cai Y, He B. Full-length transcriptome sequencing reveals the molecular mechanism of monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. Front Genet 2023; 13:1087495. [PMID: 36685943 PMCID: PMC9852720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1087495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Cinnamomum burmannii is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and is widely used in cosmetics and medicines. Knowledge about the enzymes that catalyze the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in C. burmannii is insufficient. Therefore, anatomy observation of C. burmannii at the four developmental stages (7 days, CBS1; 14 days, CBS2; 21 days, CBS3, and 28 days, CBS4) were conducted to elucidate the origins of essential oil production. Twelve full-length transcriptomes of C. burmannii leaves at the four stages were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. GC-MS analysis revealed 15 monoterpene and sesquiterpenes dramatically increased from CBS1 to CBS4. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) in association and differentially expressed genes across four developmental stages were performed. A total of 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in terpenoid syntheses during leaf development. Among them, the DEGs of the mevalonate acid (MVA) pathway were predominantly expressed at CBS1, while those of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway showed increased expression from CBS2 to CBS4. Besides, fourteen genes were associated with monoterpene synthesis and nine with sesquiterpene synthesis. Functions of these DEGs were further predicted with regard to gene expression profile and phylogenetic relationship with those characterized in previous studies. In addition, 922 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were detected, of which twelve were predicted to regulate monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. The present study provided new insights the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid syntheses of C. burmannii.
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Perigo CV, Haber LL, Facanali R, Vieira MAR, Torres RB, Bernacci LC, Guimarães EF, Baitello JB, Sobral MEG, Quecini V, Marques MOM. Essential Oils of Aromatic Plant Species from the Atlantic Rainforest Exhibit Extensive Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121844. [PMID: 36551501 PMCID: PMC9774909 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance, caused by the overuse or inadequate application of antibiotics, is a worldwide crisis, increasing the risk of treatment failure and healthcare costs. Plant essential oils (EOs) consist of hydrophobic metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial potential of the chemical diversity of plants from the Atlantic Rainforest remains scarcely characterized. In the current work, we determined the metabolite profile of the EOs from aromatic plants from nine locations and accessed their antimicrobial and biocidal activity by agar diffusion assays, minimum inhibitory concentration, time-kill and cell-component leakage assays. The pharmacokinetic properties of the EO compounds were investigated by in silico tools. More than a hundred metabolites were identified, mainly consisting of sesqui and monoterpenes. Individual plants and botanical families exhibited extensive chemical variations in their EO composition. Probabilistic models demonstrated that qualitative and quantitative differences contribute to chemical diversity, depending on the botanical family. The EOs exhibited antimicrobial biocidal activity against pathogenic bacteria, fungi and multiple predicted pharmacological targets. Our results demonstrate the antimicrobial potential of EOs from rainforest plants, indicate novel macromolecular targets, and contribute to highlighting the chemical diversity of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenita L. Haber
- Vegetables Research Center, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasília 70351-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elsie F. Guimarães
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - João B. Baitello
- Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo 02377-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos E. G. Sobral
- Natural Sciences Department, Campus Dom Bosco, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del Reio 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Vera Quecini
- Grape and Wine Research Center, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Bento Gonçalves 95701-008, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.Q.); (M.O.M.M.); Tel.: +55-(54)-3455-8000 (V.Q.); +55-(19)-3202-1700 (M.O.M.M.)
| | - Marcia Ortiz M. Marques
- Instituto Agronômico, Campinas 13075-630, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.Q.); (M.O.M.M.); Tel.: +55-(54)-3455-8000 (V.Q.); +55-(19)-3202-1700 (M.O.M.M.)
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10
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Genome-Scale Identification, Classification, and Expression Profiling of MYB Transcription Factor Genes in Cinnamomum camphora. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214279. [PMID: 36430756 PMCID: PMC9693371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.) is the representative species of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in eastern Asia and an important raw material for essential oil production worldwide. Although MYBs have been comprehensively characterized and their functions have been partially resolved in many plants, it has not been explored in C. camphora. In this study, 121 CcMYBs were identified on 12 chromosomes in the whole genome of C. camphora and found that CcMYBs were mainly expanded by segmental duplication. They were divided into 28 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and gene structural characteristics. In the promoter regions, numerous cis-acting elements were related to biological processes. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from seven tissues showed that CcMYBs exhibited different expression profiles, suggesting that they have various roles in camphor tree development. In addition, combined with the correlation analysis of structural genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, we identified CcMYBs from three subgroups that might be related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study systematically analyzed CcMYBs in C. camphora, which will set the stage for subsequent research on the functions of CcMYBs during their lifetime and provide valuable insights for the genetic improvement of camphor trees.
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Geng X, Tang R, Zhang A, Du Z, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Yang R, Chen W, Pu C. Mining, expression, and phylogenetic analysis of volatile terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes in different tissues of ten Elsholtzia species based on transcriptomic analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113419. [PMID: 36055426 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We sequenced the leaf and inflorescence transcriptomes of 10 Elsholtzia species to mine genes related to the volatile terpenoid metabolic pathway. A total of 184.68 GB data and 1,231,162,678 clean reads were obtained from 20 Elsholtzia samples, and 333,848 unigenes with an average length of at least 1440 bp were obtained by Trinity assembly. KEGG pathway analysis showed that there were three pathways related to volatile terpene metabolism: terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (No. ko00900), monoterpenoid biosynthesis (No. ko00902), and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis (No. ko00909), with 437, 125, and 121 related unigenes, respectively. The essential oil content and composition in 20 Elsholtzia samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were obvious interspecific differences among the 10 Elsholtzia species, but there were no significant differences between the different tissues among species. The expression levels of seven candidate genes involved in volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in Elsholtzia were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that HMGS had the highest expression among all genes, followed by GGPS4. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between the seven genes and the components with high essential oil contents. Combined with the essential oil components detected in this study, the possible biosynthetic pathway of the characteristic components in Elsholtzia plants was speculated to be a metabolic pathway with geraniol as the starting point and elsholtzione as the end product. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the nucleotide sequences of the geranyl diphosphate synthase candidate genes, and the results showed that genes related to the volatile terpenoid biosynthetic pathway may be more suitable gene fragments for resolving the Elsholtzia phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Geng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Renhua Tang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhizhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lipan Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiling Zhong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Run Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Chunxia Pu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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12
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Ling Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Hou J, Xiao C, Liu Y, Jin Z. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Citral-Rich Chemotype Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri. Molecules 2022; 27:7356. [PMID: 36364183 PMCID: PMC9656011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citral chemotypes Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) and Cinnamomum bodinieri (C. bodinieri) are promising industrial plants that contain abundant citral. For a more in-depth study, their significant biological effect, the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of essential oils of citral-rich chemotype C. camphora and C. bodinieri (EOCC) were determined in the present study. The EOCC yield, obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ranged from 1.45-2.64%. Forty components more than 0.1% were identified and represented, mainly by a high content of neral (28.6-39.2%), geranial (31.8-54.1%), Z-isocitral (1.8-3.2%), E-isocitral (3.2-4.7%), geraniol (1.3-2.6%) and caryophyllene (0.6-2.4%). The antioxidant properties of EOCC were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. As our results indicated, the antioxidant activity was significantly correlated to oxygenated monoterpenes. The variety of C. bodinieri (N7) presented the best antioxidant profile, given its highest inhibition of DPPH radical (IC50 = 6.887 ± 0.151 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 19.08 ± 0.02 mg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, more than 88% citral of C. bodinieri was investigated and the antioxidant properties described for the first time. Considering high essential oil yield, rich citral content and high antioxidant activity, the N7 variety will be a good candidate for pharmaceutical and cosmetic development of an improved variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Rd. 1101, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Beihong Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Zufei Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Jiexi Hou
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Changlong Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Zhimin Rd. 1101, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhinong Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
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13
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Liu H, Chai Y, Chen H, Chen W, Li Y, Liu W, Guo S, Sun L, Zhou X, Huang C, Tang X, Luo C, Chen D, Cheng X. Analysis of terpenoids and their gene regulatory networks on the basis of the transcriptome and metabolome of Opisthopappus longilobus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015942. [PMID: 36212386 PMCID: PMC9533026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Opisthopappus longilobus, which is a unique wild plant resource in China, produces leaves and flowers with distinct aromas. However, there have been relatively few molecular studies on its floral aroma, which has hindered the research on this plant species at the molecular level and the breeding of novel varieties. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed using O. longilobus leaves, buds, and inflorescences at the exposure, initial opening, and blooming stages. Using high-quality reads and assembly software, a total of 45,674 unigenes were annotated according to the Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG, and KEGG databases. Additionally, a GC-MS system and a self-built database were used to detect 1,371 metabolites in the leaves, buds, and inflorescences. Terpene metabolites were the most common compounds (308 in total). We analyzed the gene network regulating terpenoid accumulation in O. longilobus and identified 56 candidate genes related to terpenoid synthesis. The expression of OlPMK2, OlMVK1, OlTPS1, and OlTPS3 may lead to the accumulation of 11 different terpenoids specifically in the inflorescences at the exposure, initial opening, and blooming stages. The generated data may be useful for future research on O. longilobus genetic resources and the molecular mechanism regulating aroma formation in this plant species. The findings of this study may be used to accelerate the breeding of new O. longilobus varieties with enhanced aromatic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chai
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wendan Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushu Li
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Beijing Liu Wenchao Institute of Summer Chrysanthemum Breeding Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Conglin Huang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Combined with RNA-Seq to Analyze Genes Related to Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum burmannii. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4197-4215. [PMID: 36135200 PMCID: PMC9497596 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum burmannii is a cinnamomum plant rich in natural D-borneol. Natural D-borneol is a bicycle monoterpenoid compound widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Therefore, analyzing the biosynthesis mechanism of natural D-borneol in C. burmannii at the molecular level is helpful for directional breeding in the future and further development and utilization of C. burmannii and its related gene resources. In our study, 76 genes related to terpene metabolism were analyzed through third-generation sequencing and second-generation sequencing. Of these genes, 57 were associated with the synthesis of the terpenoid skeleton, and 19 belonged to terpenoid synthase, including four monoterpenoid synthases, seven sesquiterpenoid synthases, and eight diterpenoid synthases. Two genes in diterpenoid synthase were differentially expressed in high D-borneol and low D-borneol plants. It was speculated that these two genes might be related to D-borneol synthesis. How these two genes participate in the synthesis of D-borneol needs further study.
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15
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Qin L, Du F, Yang N, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zheng X, Tang J, Yang L, Dong C. Transcriptome Analyses Revealed the Key Metabolic Genes and Transcription Factors Involved in Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Sacred Lotus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144599. [PMID: 35889471 PMCID: PMC9320166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest group of structurally diverse metabolites, terpenoids are versatile natural compounds that act as metabolism mediators, plant volatiles, and ecological communicators. However, few terpenoid compounds have been identified in plant parts of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). To elucidate the molecular genetic basis of the terpene biosynthetic pathway, terpenes from different parts of the plant, including seeds (S), young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML), white flowers (WF), yellow flowers (YF), and red flowers (RF), were identified by LC-MS/MS and the relative contents of the same terpenes in different parts were compared. The results indicate that all plant parts primarily consist of triterpenes, with only minor quantities of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, and there were differences in the terpene content detected in different plant parts. To illustrate the biosynthesis of various terpenoids, RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptomes of various plant parts, which generated a total of 126.95 GB clean data and assembled into 29,630 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 105 candidate unigenes are involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, methyl-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, and terpenoid synthases pathway. Moreover, the co-expression network between terpene synthase (TPS) and WRKY transcription factors provides new information for the terpene biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Fei Du
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Ningning Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- White Lotus Industrial Development Center of Guangchang County, Fuzhou 344900, China; (X.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiawei Tang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Liangbo Yang
- White Lotus Industrial Development Center of Guangchang County, Fuzhou 344900, China; (X.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Lu Q, Li R, Liao J, Hu Y, Gao Y, Wang M, Li J, Zhao Q. Integrative analysis of the steroidal alkaloids distribution and biosynthesis of bulbs Fritillariae Cirrhosae through metabolome and transcriptome analyses. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:511. [PMID: 35836113 PMCID: PMC9284883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae (BFC) is an endangered high-altitude medicine and food homology plant with anti-tumor, anti-asthmatic, and antitussive activities as it contains a variety of active ingredients, especially steroidal alkaloids. Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergia (BFT) is another species of Fritillaria that grows at lower altitude areas. Production of plant-derived active ingredients through a synthetic biology strategy is one of the current hot topics in biological research, which requires a complete understanding of the related molecular pathways. Our knowledge of the steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in Fritillaria species is still very limited. Results To promote our understanding of these pathways, we performed non-target metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of BFC and BFT. Metabolomics analysis identified 1288 metabolites in BFC and BFT in total. Steroidal alkaloids, including the proposed active ingredients of Fritillaria species peimine, peimisine, peiminine, etc., were the most abundant alkaloids detected. Our metabolomics data also showed that the contents of the majority of the steroidal alkaloids in BFC were higher than in BFT. Further, our comparative transcriptome analyses between BFC and BFT identified differentially expressed gene sets among these species, which are potentially involved in the alkaloids biosynthesis of BFC. Conclusion These findings promote our understanding of the mechanism of steroidal alkaloids biosynthesis in Fritillaria species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08724-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jiaqing Liao
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu, 610106, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yuqin Hu
- Aba County Shenhe Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Aba County, 624600, China
| | - Yundong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Road, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu, 610106, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 610106, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China. .,Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Feng K, Li W, Tang X, Luo J, Tang F. Termicin silencing enhances the toxicity of Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) to Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105120. [PMID: 35772836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Termites are often exposed to a variety of pathogens during their life cycle, which has led to the development of an innate immune system to resist these pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system in insects. However, clear information on AMPs in termites has not been obtained. Therefore, exploring the function of AMPs in the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) can lead to the development of novel termite control strategies that integrate RNA interference (RNAi) and pathogens. Here we first obtained two Oftermicins from O. formosanus and observed that the expression of these Oftermicin genes was significantly upregulated at the mRNA level after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1). Interestingly, the expression of these Oftermicins increased not only in the donor termites but also in the recipient termites through transmission experiments. Bioassay experiments showed that the mortality of O. formosanus treated with SM1 after RNAi was significantly higher than that of other groups. In summary, dsOftermicins are important immunosuppressants for termite control and Oftermicins are optimal targets for termite control based on the combined use of RNAi and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Advances in Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Effects of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl Essential Oil. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl essential oil (CCEO) is a volatile oil with aroma and is extracted from various tissues of Cinnamomum camphora. It is traditionally used as a spice, preservative, as an anti-inflammatory and for sterilization. Terpenoids are the main active components in CCEO. Based on currently available research, considerable effort is still needed to study the biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoids in CCEO. In this review, the research progress related to terpenoid biosynthesis and bioactivity in CCEO in recent years is summarized, with the data compiled and presented mainly from online resources such as PubMed, Scopus and CNKI in China up to May 2022. The research advances related to key enzymes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway are mainly discussed. Previous studies have isolated some genes encoding key enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis; however, among these genes, only a few TPS genes have been verified to catalyze the production of terpenoid synthases at the protein level. Most genes encoding key enzymes have been cloned and isolated, but no transgenic experiments have been carried out to verify gene function. In-depth study of the biosynthesis of terpenoids in CCEO may contribute to a better understanding of the differential accumulation of terpenoids in different types of C. camphora and provide reference for improving terpenoid content in CCEO.
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19
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Zhao X, Yan Y, Zhou WH, Feng RZ, Shuai YK, Yang L, Liu MJ, He XY, Wei Q. Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the accumulation of secondary metabolites in different varieties of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35585490 PMCID: PMC9116011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li, whose leaves produce essential oils, is a traditional Chinese medicine and economically important tree species. In our study, two C. longepaniculatum varieties that have significantly different essential oil contents and leaf phenotypes were selected as the materials to investigate secondary metabolism. RESULT The essential oil content and leaf phenotypes were different between the two varieties. When the results of both transcriptome and metabolomic analyses were combined, it was found that the differences were related to phenylalanine metabolic pathways, particularly the metabolism of flavonoids and terpenoids. The transcriptome results based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways involving phenylpropanoids, tryptophan biosynthesis and terpenoids significantly differed between the two varieties; 11 DEGs (2 upregulated and 9 downregulated) were associated with the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and 12 DEGs (2 upregulated and 10 downregulated) were related to the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Through further analysis of the leaves, we detected 196 metabolites in C. longepaniculatum. The abundance of 49 (26 downregulated and 23 upregulated) metabolites differed between the two varieties, which is likely related to the differences in the accumulation of these metabolites. We identified 12 flavonoids, 8 terpenoids and 8 alkaloids and identified 4 kinds of PMFs from the leaves of C. longepaniculatum. CONCLUSIONS The combined results of transcriptome and metabolomic analyses revealed a strong correlation between metabolite contents and gene expression. We speculate that light leads to differences in the secondary metabolism and phenotypes of leaves of different varieties of C. longepaniculatum. This research provides data for secondary metabolite studies and lays a solid foundation for breeding ideal C. longepaniculatum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-hai Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-zhang Feng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-kang Shuai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-jie Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-yan He
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wei
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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20
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dos Santos ÉRQ, Maia JGS, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Linalool as a Therapeutic and Medicinal Tool in Depression Treatment: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1073-1092. [PMID: 34544345 PMCID: PMC9886818 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210920094504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent disease worldwide, limiting psychosocial functioning and thequality of life. Linalool is the main constituent of some essential oils from aromatic plants, representing about 70% of these volatile concentrates. Evidence of the linalool activity on the central nervous system, mainly acting as an antidepressant agent, is increasingly abundant. This review aimed to extend the knowledge of linalool's antidepressant action mechanisms, which is fundamental for future research, intending to highlight this natural compound as a new antidepressant phytomedication. A critical analysis is proposed here with probable hypotheses of the synergic mechanisms that support the evidence of antidepressant effects of the linalool. The literature search has been conducted in databases for published scientific articles before December 2020, using relevant keywords. Several pieces of evidence point to the anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic actions. In addition to these activities, other studies have revealed that linalool acts on the monoaminergic and neuroendocrine systems, inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, resulting in considerable advances in the knowledge of the etiology of depression. In this context, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in the therapeutic arsenal, capable of interacting with numerous pathophysiological factors and acting on several targets. This review claims to contribute to future studies, highlighting the gaps in the linalool knowledge, such as its kinetics, doses, routes of administration, and multiple targets of interaction, to clarify its antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Renan Quaresma dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Campus do Guamá, Belém-Pará 66075-900, Brazil; Tel: +55 (91) 3201-7202; E-mails: ;
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21
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Shi R, Xiong B, He S, Liu C, Ben-Asher J, Horowitz AR, Wang S, He X. Comparative metabolic profiling of root, leaf, fruit, and stem tissues of Panax notoginseng. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingjie Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiftah Ben-Asher
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Abraham Rami Horowitz
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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22
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Ma Q, Ma R, Su P, Jin B, Guo J, Tang J, Chen T, Zeng W, Lai C, Ling F, Yao Y, Cui G, Huang L. Elucidation of the essential oil biosynthetic pathways in Cinnamomum burmannii through identification of six terpene synthases. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111203. [PMID: 35193750 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum burmannii is a traditional plant that has long been used as a spice, food preservative, and food flavoring. Essential oils in C. burmannii, which mainly consist of mono- and sesquiterpenes such borneol, linalool, and caryophyllene, have impressive pharmaceutical properties. Although the transcriptome-based discovery of (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (CbTPS1) from C. burmannii was reported in our previous study, the remaining terpene synthases (TPSs) corresponding to various terpene biosynthesis pathways remain unidentified. In this study, we report the results of RNA-sequencing of a borneol type plant and functional characterization of six additional full-length candidate TPS genes (named CbTPS2-7). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CbTPS2 and CbTPS3 together with the previously identified CbTPS1 protein belong to the TPS-b subfamily, and enzyme assays using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as substrates revealed that CbTPS1, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3 catalyze the formation of monoterpenes. CbTPS4, CbTPS5, and CbTPS6, which belong to the TPS-a clade, generated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. CbTPS7, which belongs to the TPS-g clade, showed linalool/nerolidol synthase activity. These CbTPSs identified in C. burmannii produced a total of 10 monoterpenes and 14 sesquiterpenes in an in vitro assay. These findings clarify the biosynthesis pathways of 13 monoterpenoids and 12 sesquiterpenoids in the leaf essential oil of C. burmannii and shed light on terpene biosynthesis in Cinnamomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fengqing Ling
- Huaqingyuan Biotech (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Meizhou, 514700, China.
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Huaqingyuan Biotech (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Meizhou, 514700, China.
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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23
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Wan N, Li Y, Huang X, Li Y, Zheng Q, Wu Z. A comparative evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from different chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2022. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1014202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaves (CCPL) from 5 different habitats in China by GC-MS, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities against 3 foodborne pathogens, using a paper disc diffusion method. A total of 30 compounds were identified with a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes, including linalool (42.65%-96.47%), eucalyptol (39.07%-55.35%) and camphor (26.08%) as well as monoterpene hydrocarbons such as sabinene (6.18%-12.93%) and α-terpineol (8.19%-13.81%). Through cluster analysis, CCPL from 5 different habitats can be well divided into 2 categories. Combining with principal component analysis, the habitats can be better correlated with the chemical constituents of the essential oils. The antimicrobial activities of 5 extracted essential oils against 2 gram-negative bacteria and one gram-positive bacteria were assessed. It showed that the essential oil extracted from the CCPL harvested in Jinxi had the strongest antibacterial property. The results of this study provided basis for resource identification of CCPL and quality difference identification of essential oils. Research on the antibacterial properties of several pathogenic strains has proved its application value as a natural food preservative.
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Li K, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang C, Xu Q, Hu J, Kai G, Feng Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Stephania tetrandra and Characterization of Norcoclaurine-6-O-Methyltransferase Involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874583. [PMID: 35432428 PMCID: PMC9009073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stephania tetrandra (S. Moore) is a source of traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, edema, and hypertension. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are the main bioactive compounds. However, the current understanding of the biosynthesis of BIAs in S. tetrandra is poor. Metabolite and transcriptomic analyses of the stem, leaf, xylem, and epidermis of S. tetrandra were performed to identify candidate genes associated with BIAs biosynthesis. According to the metabolite analysis, the majority of the BIAs accumulated in the root, especially in the epidermis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed a total of 113,338 unigenes that were generated by de novo assembly. Among them, 79,638 unigenes were successfully annotated, and 42 candidate structural genes associated with 15 steps of BIA biosynthesis identified. Additionally, a new (S)-norcoclaurine-6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT) gene was identified in S. tetrandra, named St6OMT2. Recombinant St6OMT2 catalyzed (S)-norcoclaurine methylation to form (S)-coclaurine in vitro. Maximum activity of St6OMT2 was determined at 30°C and pH 6.0 in NaAc-HAc buffer. Its half-life at 50°C was 22 min with the Km and kcat of 28.2 μM and 1.5 s-1, respectively. Our results provide crucial transcriptome information for S. tetrandra, shedding light on the understanding of BIAs biosynthesis and further gene functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlun Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Xu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Gupta S, Singh R, Sharma A, Rather GA, Lattoo SK, Dhar MK. Comparative transcriptome mining for terpenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in wild and cultivated species of Plantago. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:439-452. [PMID: 34191123 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plantagos are important economical and medicinal plants that possess several bioactive secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, iridoids, triterpenes, and alkaloids. Triterpenoids are the ubiquitous and dynamic secondary metabolites that are deployed by plants for chemical interactions and protection under biotic/abiotic stress. Plantago ovata, a cultivated species, is the source of psyllium, while Plantago major, a wild species, has significant therapeutic potential. Wild species are considered more tolerant to stressful conditions in comparison to their cultivated allies. In view of this, the present study aimed to decipher the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway operative in P. ovata and P. major using a comparative transcriptomics approach. Majority of terpenoid biosynthetic genes were observed as upregulated in P. major including rate limiting genes of MVA (HMGR) and MEP (DXR) pathways and genes (α-AS, BAS, SM, and CYP716) involved in ursolic acid biosynthesis, an important triterpenoid prevalent in Plantago species. The HPLC output further confirmed the higher concentration of ursolic acid in P. major as compared to P. ovata leaf samples, respectively. In addition to terpenoid biosynthesis, KEGG annotation revealed the involvement of differentially expressed unigenes in several metabolic pathways, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. MYB was found as the most abundant transcription factor family in Plantago transcriptome. We have been able to generate valuable information which can help in improving terpenoid production in Plantago. Additionally, the present study has laid a strong foundation for deciphering other important metabolic pathways in Plantago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Gupta
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Ravail Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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Vatanparast M, Park Y. Differential Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Related to Low- and High-Temperature Stress in the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Front Physiol 2022; 12:827077. [PMID: 35173626 PMCID: PMC8841556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.827077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is regarded as one of the world’s most harmful plant pests. This research examines the molecular response processes of FAW to low temperature (4°C) and high temperature (40°C) when gene expression is compared to controls (25°C). A total of 211,967 unigenes were collected, at least 14,338 of which were annotated with gene descriptions, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. There were 50 Gene Ontology (GO) functional sub-groups and 21 EggNOG words as a result. Differentially expresses genes (DEGs) with log2FC ≥ 2 were identified and compared at various temperatures. In comparison to the 25°C treated group, we discovered 199 and 1,248 individual DEGs co-regulated at 4 and 40°C, respectively. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression revealed a number of DEGs, including cytochrome P450, odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and immune system genes previously implicated in cold and high temperature stresses. The enrichment pathways were identified using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) analysis, and heatmaps of similar unigenes from both treatment groups (T4 and T40) were plotted. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to confirm the RNA-seq data on 10 up- and down-regulated DEGs. These findings provide a foundation for future understanding of FAW adaptation mechanisms and the underlying basis underlying the response to low and high temperatures.
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Zhou J, Liu R, Shuai M, Yan ZY, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analyses of different Salvia miltiorrhiza varieties during the accumulation of tanshinones. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12300. [PMID: 34721983 PMCID: PMC8541307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Labiatae) is an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are one of the main active components of S. miltiorrhiza. It has been found that the intraspecific variation of S. miltiorrhiza is relatively large and the content of tanshinones in its roots of different varieties is also relatively different. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that responsible for the differences among these varieties, the tanshinones content was determined and comparative transcriptomics analysis was carried out during the tanshinones accumulation stage. A total of 52,216 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome by RNA sequencing among which 23,369 genes were differentially expressed among different varieties, and 2,016 genes including 18 diterpenoid biosynthesis-related genes were differentially expressed during the tanshinones accumulation stage. Functional categorization of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among these varieties revealed that the pathway related to photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis are the most differentially regulated processes in these varieties. The six tanshinone components in these varieties showed different dynamic changes in tanshinone accumulation stage. In addition, combined with the analysis of the dynamic changes, 277 DEGs (including one dehydrogenase, three CYP450 and 24 transcription factors belonging to 12 transcription factor families) related to the accumulation of tanshinones components were obtained. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these 277 DEGs suggested that there might be an interconnection between the primary metabolic processes, signaling processes and the accumulation of tanshinones components. This study expands the vision of intraspecific variation and gene regulation mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways in medicinal plants from the “omics” perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Shuai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu-Yun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang Z, Feng K, Tang F, Xu M. Activation of the Host Immune Response in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Induced by Serratia marcescens Bizio. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110983. [PMID: 34821784 PMCID: PMC8617612 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is a quarantine pest, due to its extensive host, leading to serious economic losses in the agricultural and forestry industries. To control this pest, it is increasingly important to use microbial pesticides because they are biologically active and ecologically safe. Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) is a potential biocontrol bacterium. Although SM1 has a pathogenic role in H. cunea, H. cunea self-defense reduces the pathogenic effect of SM1. In this study, immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in H. cunea were first identified after SM1 infection, and the immune regulation mode of H. cunea in response to SM1, including antimicrobial peptide synthesis pathways, melanization and cellular immunity, was revealed. According to the analysis, the immune system of H. cunea was induced by SM1. In summary, our study demonstrates how the immune systems of the H. cunea work to resist the infection of SM1, which provides the theoretical basis for researching more efficient microbial pesticides for H. cunea. Abstract Host–pathogen interactions are essential to our understanding of biological pesticides. Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is an important forest pest worldwide. The immune mechanism of the interaction between H. cunea and Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) is unclear. First, transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis described the H. cunea immune response to SM1. A total of 234 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Many immune regulatory genes in three classical pathways were found. Antimicrobial peptides, including attacin B, cecropin A, gloverin, lebocin and diapausin, are involved in defending against SM1 challenge, and are mainly produced by Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways. Some melanization genes were changed in H. cunea, which suggested that H. cunea melanization was activated by SM1. Furthermore, phagocytosis, autophagolysosome and apoptosis pathways in cellular immunity were activated in H. cunea against SM1. Finally, the expression patterns of 10 immune genes were analyzed systematically by qRT-PCR, and most of the genes were upregulated compared to the control. Our studies provide useful information about the immune response of H. cunea under the stress of SM1, which is important to understand how SM1 affects the immune system of H. cunea and provides new ideas to control H. cunea by using SM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (K.F.); (M.X.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (K.F.); (M.X.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (K.F.); (M.X.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13813966269
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.W.); (K.F.); (M.X.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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29
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Feng K, Luo J, Ding X, Tang F. Transcriptome analysis and response of three important detoxifying enzymes to Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104922. [PMID: 34446198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a main pest of forest trees. In this study, the effects of Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) infection on the transcriptome of H. cunea were studied. The expression of 1068 unigenes in the transcriptome of H. cunea infected by S. marcescens was markedly different from that in the control of H. cunea; 474 genes were upregulated, and 594 genes were downregulated in the former. Among them, 8 cytochrome P450s (CYPs), 5 uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and 3 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were significantly differentially expressed. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially expressed detoxification enzyme genes were mainly involved in the drug metabolism pathway, glutathione metabolism pathway and ABC transporter pathway. Interestingly, we found that five UGTs were related to oestradiol metabolism in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that SM1 could induce the expression of CYPs and UGTs, but inhibit the expression of GSTs. This research will identify the response of important detoxification enzymes to S. marcescens, which will provide a theoretical foundation for the development of new immunosuppressants for H. cunea control. Furthermore, H. cunea was performed transcriptome sequencing to explore the key metabolic pathways, signalling pathways and genes affected by S. marcescens, which will clarify the mechanisms of S. marcescens infection of H. cunea. In addition, this study also explored the relationship between H. cunea and S. marcescens, which will provide a theoretical basis for the biological control of H. cunea by using S. marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Yan W, Ye Z, Cao S, Yao G, Yu J, Yang D, Chen P, Zhang J, Wu Y. Transcriptome analysis of two Pogostemon cablin chemotypes reveals genes related to patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12025. [PMID: 34527441 PMCID: PMC8403477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin, a medicinally and economically important perennial herb, is cultivated around the world due to its medicinal and aromatic properties. Different P. cablin cultivars exhibit different morphological traits and patchouli oil components and contents (especially patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO)). According to the signature constituent of the leaf, P. cablin was classified into two different chemotypes, including PA-type and PO-type. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of PA biosynthesis, the transcriptomes of Chinese-cultivated P. cablin cv. PA-type “Nanxiang” (NX) and PO-type “Paixiang” (PX) were analyzed and compared with ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. We obtained a total of 36.83 G clean bases from the two chemotypes, compared them with seven databases and revealed 45,394 annotated unigenes. Thirty-six candidate unigenes participating in the biosynthesis of PA were found in the P. cablin transcriptomes. Overall, 8,390 differentially expressed unigenes were identified between the chemotypes, including 2,467 upregulated and 5,923 downregulated unigenes. Furthermore, six and nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped to the terpenoid backbone biosynthetic and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. One key sesquiterpene synthase gene involved in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, encoding patchoulol synthase variant 1, was significantly upregulated in NX. Additionally, GC-MS analysis of the two chemotypes in this study showed that the content of PA in NX was significantly higher than that of PX, while the content of PO showed the opposite phenotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the DEG expression tendency was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. Overall, 23 AP2/ERF, 13 bHLH, 11 MYB, 11 NAC, three Trihelix, 10 WRKY and three bZIP genes that were differentially expressed may act as regulators of terpenoid biosynthesis. Altogether, 8,314 SSRs were recognized within 6,825 unigenes, with a distribution frequency of 18.32%, among which 1,202 unigenes contained more than one SSR. The transcriptomic characteristics of the two P. cablin chemotypes are comprehensively reported in this study, and these results will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of PA biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data also provide a valuable genetic resource for further studies on P. cablin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Yan
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhouchen Ye
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shijia Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guanglong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Yang Z, Xie C, Zhan T, Li L, Liu S, Huang Y, An W, Zheng X, Huang S. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Trans-Isopentenyl Diphosphate Synthases Gene Family in Cinnamomum camphora. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708697. [PMID: 34589098 PMCID: PMC8475955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trans-isopentenyl diphosphate synthases (TIDSs) genes are known to be important determinants for terpene diversity and the accumulation of terpenoids. The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora, which is rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and other aromatic compounds, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and has therefore attracted considerable interest. However, the TIDS gene family, and its relationship to the camphor tree (C. camphora L. Presl.), has not yet been characterized. In this study, we identified 10 TIDS genes in the genome of the C. camphora borneol chemotype that were unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed that the TIDS gene family in this species likely expanded through segmental duplication events. Furthermore, cis-element analyses demonstrated that C. camphora TIDS (CcTIDS) genes can respond to multiple abiotic stresses. Finally, functional characterization of eight putative short-chain TIDS proteins revealed that CcTIDS3 and CcTIDS9 exhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) activity, while CcTIDS1 and CcTIDS2 encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS). Although, CcTIDS8 and CcTIDS10 were found to be catalytically inactive alone, they were able to bind to each other to form a heterodimeric functional geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) in vitro, and this interaction was confirmed using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the CcTIDS3, CcTIDS8, CcTIDS9, and CcTIDS10 genes were found to be more active in C. camphora roots as compared to stems and leaves, which were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These novel results provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of the TIDS gene family in camphor trees, and also provide a potential mechanism by which the production of camphor tree essential oil could be increased for pharmacological purposes through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Institute of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunzhu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li Q, Chen J, Liu J, Yu H, Zhang L, Song C, Li Y, Jiang N, Tan Q, Shang X, Gu Y. De novo Sequencing and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Provide First Insights Into Polysaccharide Biosynthesis During Fruiting Body Development of Lentinula edodes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627099. [PMID: 34326817 PMCID: PMC8313990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides separated from Lentinula edodes are well known for their medicinal properties. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of polysaccharide biosynthesis in L. edodes remain unclear. In this study, the fruiting bodies of L. edodes in four developmental stages with significant differences in polysaccharide yield were collected, and the characteristics of polysaccharides were studied. De novo sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis were performed by using high-throughput Illumina RNA-sequencing. KS1P30, KS2P30, KS3P30, and KS4P30 were obtained from the four developmental stages, respectively, by hot water extraction and 30% ethanol precipitation. These four polysaccharides had good immune activity in vitro; all of them were β-glucopyranose with a high molecular weight. Glucose was the main monosaccharide component of these polysaccharides. High-quality clean reads (57.88, 53.17, 53.28, and 47.56 million for different growth stages) and mapping ratios ranging from 84.75 to 90.11% were obtained. In total, 11,493 (96.56%) unigenes and 18,924 (97.46%) transcripts were successfully annotated in five public databases. The biosynthetic pathway and related genes of LEFP30 were mined. The molecular mechanism of LEFP30 yield change in the different developmental stages was predicted. The results provide some insights into the possible mechanisms involved in the biosynthetic pathway of this kind of polysaccharide in L. edodes fruiting bodies. They also indicate that candidate genes can be used as important resources for biotechnology and molecular breeding to regulate L. edodes fruiting body polysaccharide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Yang Z, Xie C, Huang Y, An W, Liu S, Huang S, Zheng X. Metabolism and transcriptome profiling provides insight into the genes and transcription factors involved in monoterpene biosynthesis of borneol chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora induced by mechanical damage. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11465. [PMID: 34249483 PMCID: PMC8255067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The borneol chemotype of Cinnamomum camphora (BCC), a monoterpene-rich woody plant species, is the sole source prescribed by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the production of natural D-borneol, a major monoterpene in BCC used for millennia as a topical analgesic in China. Nevertheless, the possible gene-regulatory roles of transcription factors (TFs) in BCC’s monoterpenoid biosynthesis remained unknown. Here, a joint analysis of the transcriptome and terpenoid metabolome of BCC induced by mechanical damage (MD) was used to comprehensively explore the interaction between TFs and terpene synthase (TPS) unigenes that might participate in monoterpene biosynthesis in BCC. Results Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis detected 14 monoterpenes and seven sesquiterpenes. All but two monoterpenes underwent a significantly increased accumulation after the MD treatment. RNA sequencing data revealed that 10 TPS, 82 MYB, 70 AP2/ERF, 38 BHLH, 31 WRKY, and 29 bZIP unigenes responded to the MD treatment. A correlation analysis revealed that three monoterpene synthase genes (CcTPS1, CcTPS3, CcTPS4) highly correlated with multiple monoterpenes, namely D-borneol, camphor, and bornyl acetate, which could be responsible for monoterpenoid biosynthesis in BCC. Furthermore, five WRKY, 15 MYB, 10 ERF/AP2, five bZIP, and two BHLH genes had strong, positive correlations with CcTPS1 or CcTPS4, judging by their high coefficient values (R2 > 0.8). The bioinformatics results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion This study provides insight into the genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of monoterpene in BCC and thus provides a pool of candidate genes for future mechanistic analyses of how monoterpenes accumulate in BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli An
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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George JK, Shelvy S, Fayad AM, Umadevi P, Angadi UB, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Rai A, Kumar D. De novo transcriptome sequencing assisted identification of terpene synthases from black pepper ( Piper nigrum) berry. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1153-1161. [PMID: 34092955 PMCID: PMC8140027 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Though the volatile profiles of black pepper have been reported already, the information on terpene synthase family genes is not known. In this study, using a combinatorial approach, the berry hybrid transcriptome assembly of llumina and nanopore sequencing, the entire terpene synthase family responsible for the biosynthesis of the flavor-imparting volatiles in black pepper berries was profiled. The profile shows 98 terpene synthases from various terpene synthesis pathways. Three important monoterpene synthases were also validated by targeted amplification, sequencing and homology modeling. This study provides the first of its kind information on the terpene synthase family profile in Piper nigrum, which is potentially a major step for further characterization of the functional terpene synthase genes in black pepper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00986-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreekumar Shelvy
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala India
| | | | - Palaniyandi Umadevi
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala India
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Center, ICAR–IARI, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - U. B. Angadi
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Liyanage NMN, Chandrasekara BCHWM, Bandaranayake PCG. A CTAB protocol for obtaining high-quality total RNA from cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 33927991 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume is an endemic Sri Lankan species commonly known as Ceylon cinnamon or true cinnamon. It is considered the king of spices in addition to its medicinal benefits. Despite recent scientific evidence on its medicinal properties and the industrial demand, cinnamon breeding and crop improvement are not been improved to the expectation. It is mainly due to the limited availability of the genomic information of cinnamon, linked with technical challenges caused by abundant secondary metabolites in all plant parts. Therefore, obtaining high-quality RNA is the fundamental step of transcriptomic analysis and the gene discovery process of cinnamon. We have optimized a CTAB based protocol for high-quality RNA extraction from different cinnamon tissues at various maturity stages collected from the field. Regular pH around 8 and the presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in CTAB buffer increased the viscosity of the cinnamon lysate. Adjusting the pH of the lysis buffer to 6-6.5 reduced the viscosity of lysate while chloroform precipitates protein efficiently at the adjusted pH with no phenol. Therefore, this protocol excludes PVP and phenol extraction steps. Nanodrop spectrophotometer, gel electrophoresis, and bioanalyzer readings confirmed the quality of extracted RNA. RNA-seq libraries prepared were sequenced with Illumina Sequencing by synthesis technology and obtained good quality data to be used for transcriptomic analysis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02756-1.
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang M, Wang Z, Tian Y, Li W, Wang Y. Transcriptional response of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. leaves grown under full and partial daylight conditions. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:16. [PMID: 33407099 PMCID: PMC7788892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asarum heterotropides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. is an important medicinal and industrial plant, which is used in the treatment of various diseases. The main bioactive ingredient is the volatile oil having more than 82 identified components of which methyleugenol, safrole, myristicin, and toluene account for about 70% of the total volume. As a sciophyte plant, the amount of light it absorbs through leaves is an important factor for growth and metabolism. RESULTS We grew Asarum plants under full, 50, 28, and 12% sunlight conditions to investigate the effect of different light irradiances on the four major volatile oil components. We employed de novo transcriptome sequencing to understand the transcriptional behavior of Asarum leaves regarding the biosynthetic pathways of the four volatile oil components, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation, and hormone signaling. Our results demonstrated that the increasing light conditions promoted higher percent of the four components. Under full sunlight conditions, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome p450719As were upregulated and led the increased methyleugenol, safrole, and myristicin. The transcriptomic data also showed that Asarum leaves, under full sunlight conditions, adjust their photosynthesis-antenna proteins as a photoprotective response with the help of carotenoids. Plant hormone-signaling related genes were also differentially expressed between full sunlight and low light conditions. CONCLUSIONS High light induces accumulation of major bioactive ingredients A. heterotropides volatile oil and this is ascribed to upregulation of key genes such as cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome p450719As. The transcriptome data presented here lays the foundation of further understanding of light responses in sciophytes and provides guidance for increasing bioactive molecules in Asarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
| | - Haiqin Ma
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
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Fumigant activity of essential oils from Cinnamomum and Citrus spp. and pure compounds against Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (Acari: Dermanyssidae) and toxicity toward the nontarget organism Beauveria bassiana (Vuill.). Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109341. [PMID: 33472157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae(De Geer) (Acari: Dermanyssidae) is the main ectoparasite associated with laying poultry. This mite is commonly controlled by the application of synthetic chemical insecticides, wich lead to the selection of resistant populations and formation of residues in eggs. Thus, new molecules must be developed to control D. gallinae. This work evaluated the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora var. linalooliferum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium var. bergamia, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus reticulata var. tangerine against D. gallinae. Additionally, the chemical profiles of the most bioactive EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the major compounds were subjected to new tests using D. gallinae. The most toxic EOs against D. gallinae were evaluated for the nontarget entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Unioeste 88). The EOs from C. cassia (LC50 = 25.43 ± 1.0423 μg/cm3) and C. camphora var. linalooliferum (LC50 = 39.84 ± 1.9635 μg/cm3) were the most active in the fumigant bioassay and caused mortality rates of 96 and 61%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum were trans-cinnamaldehyde and linalool, respectively. The pure compounds, trans-cinnamaldehyde (LC50 = 68.89 ± 3.1391 μg/cm3) and linalool (LC50 = 51.45 ± 1.1967 μg/cm3), were tested on D. gallinae and showed lower toxicity than the EOs. Thus, the compounds were not the only active substances produced by C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum; moreover synergism may have occurred between the substances. The EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum were also toxic to B. bassiana (Unioeste 88). Thus, EOs from C. cassia and C. camphora var. linalooliferum are promising candidates for use in D. gallinae control, but cannot be used in conjunction with the fungus B. bassiana.
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Zhao H, Li M, Zhao Y, Lin X, Liang H, Wei J, Wei W, Ma D, Zhou Z, Yang J. A Comparison of Two Monoterpenoid Synthases Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Associated With the Difference of Bioactive Monoterpenoids Between Amomum villosum and Amomum longiligulare. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:695551. [PMID: 34475877 PMCID: PMC8406774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Amomum villosum and Amomum longiligulare are both used medicinally as Fructus Amomi the famous traditional Chinese medicine, however, the medicinal quality of A. villosum is better than that of A. longiligulare. Volatile terpenoids in the seeds, especially bornyl acetate and borneol, are the medicinal components of Fructus Amomi. The volatile terpenoids and transcriptome of developing seeds of A. villosum and A. longiligulare were compared in this study. The result revealed that the bornyl acetate and borneol contents were higher in A. villosum than in A. longiligulare. Additionally, six terpenoid synthase genes (AlTPS1-AlTPS6) were screened from the transcriptome of A. longiligulare, and AlTPS2 and AlTPS3 were found to share 98 and 83% identity with AvTPS2 and AvBPPS (bornyl diphosphate synthase) from A. villosum, respectively. BPPS is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of borneol and bornyl acetate. Biochemical assays improved that AlTPS2 had an identical function to AvTPS2 as linalool synthase; however, AlTPS3 produced camphene as the major product and bornyl diphosphate (BPP) as the secondary product, whereas AvBPPS produced BPP as its major product. There was only one different amino acid between AlTPS3 (A496) and AvBPPS (G495) in their conserved motifs, and the site-directed mutation of A496G in DTE motif of AlTPS3 changed the major product from camphene to BPP. Molecular docking suggests that A496G mutation narrows the camphene-binding pocket and decreases the BPP-binding energy, thus increases the product BPP selectivity of enzyme. In addition, the expression level of AvBPPS was significantly higher than that of AlTPS3 in seeds, which was consistent with the related-metabolites contents. This study provides insight into the TPS-related molecular bases for the biosynthesis and accumulation differences of the bioactive terpenoids between A. villosum and A. longiligulare. BPPS, the key gene involved in the biosynthesis of the active compound, was identified as a target gene that could be applied for the quality-related identification and breeding of Fructus Amomi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieshu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfen Yang,
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Ma R, Su P, Jin B, Guo J, Tian M, Mao L, Tang J, Chen T, Lai C, Zeng W, Cui G, Huang L. Molecular cloning and functional identification of a high-efficiency (+)-borneol dehydrogenase from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:363-371. [PMID: 33243711 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, rich in terpenoids, is an important commercial plant. The monoterpenes borneol and camphor are highly desired compounds that have been widely and diversely used in medicine and spices since ancient times. However, the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of borneol and camphor in C. camphora remains unknown, which limits access to these natural products. Here, the chirality of borneol and camphor were identified in C. camphora leaves. Besides the main (+)-borneol and (+)-camphor, C. camphora also contains small amounts of (-)-borneol and (-)-camphor. Then, CcBDH3 - an efficient (+)-borneol dehydrogenase (BDH) - was identified that catalyzed (+)-borneol into (+)-camphor in the presence of NAD+. The Km value was 25.1 μM with a kcat value of 5.4 × 10-3 s-1 at pH 8.5 and 30 °C. CcBDH3, which also yields (-)-camphor from (-)-borneol as a substrate, had a Km value of 36.9 μM with a kcat of 2.1 × 10-3 s-1, and pH of 8.0 and temperature of 32 °C. We further compared the conformational specificity of two other reported BDHs, ZSD1 and ADH2, and found that ZSD1 had the highest conversion rate with (-)-borneol. These findings provide a new way for the production of camphor with various optical activities by metabolic engineering, and the identified camphor biosynthesis pathway provides the foundation for using genetic engineering to improve the production and purity of (+)-borneol in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, United States.
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Liuying Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 South Side Street, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Maritim TK, Seth R, Parmar R, Sharma RK. Multiple-genotypes transcriptional analysis revealed candidates genes and nucleotide variants for improvement of quality characteristics in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Genomics 2020; 113:305-316. [PMID: 33321202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tea quality is a polygenic trait that exhibits tremendous genetic variability due to accumulation of array of secondary metabolites. To elucidate global molecular insights controlling quality attributes, metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing of twelve diverse tea cultivars was performed in tea shoots harvested during quality season. RP-HPLC-DAD analysis of quality parameters revealed significant difference in catechins, theanine and caffeine contents. Transcriptome sequencing resulted into 50,107 non-redundant transcripts with functional annotations of 81.6% (40,847) of the transcripts. Interestingly, 2872 differentially expressed transcripts exhibited significant enrichment in 38 pathways (FDR ≤ 0.05) including secondary metabolism, amino acid and carbon metabolism. Thirty-eight key candidates reportedly involved in biosynthesis of fatty acid derived volatiles, volatile terpenes, glycoside hydrolysis and key quality related pathways (flavonoid, caffeine and theanine-biosynthesis) were highly expressed in catechins-rich tea cultivars. Furthermore, enrichment of candidates involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, volatile terpene and biosynthesis of fatty acid derived volatile in Protein-Protein Interactome network revealed well-coordinated regulation of quality characteristics in tea. Additionally, ascertainment of 23,649 non-synonymous SNPs and validation of candidate SNPs present in quality related genes suggests their potential utility in genome-wide mapping and marker development for expediting breeding of elite compound-rich tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kipkoech Maritim
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India; Tea Breeding and Genetic Improvement Division, KALRO-Tea Research Institute, P.O. Box 820-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Romit Seth
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Rajni Parmar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201 002, India.
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Wu Y, Guo J, Wang T, Cao F, Wang G. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of mutant yellow leaves provide insights into pigment synthesis and metabolism in Ginkgo biloba. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:858. [PMID: 33267778 PMCID: PMC7709416 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is an excellent landscape species. Its yellow-green leaf mutants are ideal materials for research on pigment synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in these ginkgo mutants remains unclear. RESULTS We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of green and mutant yellow leaves of ginkgo over the same period in this study. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of normal green leaves was significantly higher than that of mutant yellow leaves of ginkgo. We obtained 931.52M clean reads from different color leaves of ginkgo. A total of 283 substances in the metabolic profiles were finally detected, including 50 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). We identified these DEMs and 1361 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 37, 4, 3 and 13 DEGs involved in the photosynthesis, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Moreover, integrative analysis of the metabolomes and transcriptomes revealed that the flavonoid pathway contained the upregulated DEM (-)-epicatechin. Fourteen DEGs from the photosynthesis pathway were positively or negatively correlated with the DEMs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex metabolic network in mutant yellow leaves. This study will provide a basis for studies of leaf color variation and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Research Center for Pomology, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No.1, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Hou J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Jin X, Zhang H, Jin Z. Transcriptional Analysis of Metabolic Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms of Essential Oil Biosynthesis in the Leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. Front Genet 2020; 11:598714. [PMID: 33281883 PMCID: PMC7689033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots, bark, and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora are rich in essential oils, which mainly comprised monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Although the essential oils obtained from C. camphora have been widely used in pharmaceutical, medicinal, perfume, and food industries, the molecular mechanisms underlying terpenoid biosynthesis are poorly understood. To address this lack of knowledge, we performed transcriptome analysis to investigate the key regulatory genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in C. camphora. High-oil-yield trees of linalool type and low-oil-yield trees were used to assemble a de novo transcriptome of C. camphora. A total of 121,285 unigenes were assembled, and the total length, average length, N50, and GC content of unigenes were 87,869,987, 724, 1,063, and 41.1%, respectively. Comparison of the transcriptome profiles of linalool-type C. camphora with trees of low oil yield resulted in a total of 3,689 differentially expressed unigenes, among them 31 candidate genes had annotations associated with metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, including four in the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway and three in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Collectively, this genome-wide transcriptome provides a valuable tool for future identification of genes related to essential oil biosynthesis. Additionally, the identification of a cohort of genes in the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids provides a theoretical basis for metabolic engineering of essential oils in C. camphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Hou
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Beihong Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees Cultivation and Utilization, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhinong Jin
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, The School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
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The santalene synthase from Cinnamomum camphora: Reconstruction of a sesquiterpene synthase from a monoterpene synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mitu SA, Cummins SF, Reddell PW, Ogbourne SM. Transcriptome analysis of the medicinally significant plant Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae) reveals conserved biosynthetic pathways. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Stander EA, Williams W, Mgwatyu Y, van Heusden P, Rautenbach F, Marnewick J, Le Roes-Hill M, Hesse U. Transcriptomics of the Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Species Complex. BIOTECH 2020; 9:biotech9040019. [PMID: 35822822 PMCID: PMC9258316 DOI: 10.3390/biotech9040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), widely known as a herbal tea, is endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa (SA). It produces a wide range of phenolic compounds that have been associated with diverse health promoting properties of the plant. The species comprises several growth forms that differ in their morphology and biochemical composition, only one of which is cultivated and used commercially. Here, we established methodologies for non-invasive transcriptome research of wild-growing South African plant species, including (1) harvesting and transport of plant material suitable for RNA sequencing; (2) inexpensive, high-throughput biochemical sample screening; (3) extraction of high-quality RNA from recalcitrant, polysaccharide- and polyphenol rich plant material; and (4) biocomputational analysis of Illumina sequencing data, together with the evaluation of programs for transcriptome assembly (Trinity, IDBA-Trans, SOAPdenovo-Trans, CLC), protein prediction, as well as functional and taxonomic transcript annotation. In the process, we established a biochemically characterized sample pool from 44 distinct rooibos ecotypes (1–5 harvests) and generated four in-depth annotated transcriptomes (each comprising on average ≈86,000 transcripts) from rooibos plants that represent distinct growth forms and differ in their biochemical profiles. These resources will serve future rooibos research and plant breeding endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Wesley Williams
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Yamkela Mgwatyu
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Peter van Heusden
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Jeanine Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Marilize Le Roes-Hill
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (F.R.); (J.M.); (M.L.R.-H.)
| | - Uljana Hesse
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (E.A.S.); (W.W.); (Y.M.); (P.v.H.)
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of root, stem, and leaf tissues of Entada phaseoloides reveals potential genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:639. [PMID: 32933468 PMCID: PMC7493163 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. is an important traditional medicinal plant. The stem of Entada phaseoloides is popularly used as traditional medicine because of its significance in dispelling wind and dampness and remarkable anti-inflammatory activities. Triterpenoid saponins are the major bioactive compounds of Entada phaseoloides. However, genomic or transcriptomic technologies have not been used to study the triterpenoid saponin biosynthetic pathway in this plant. Results We performed comparative transcriptome analysis of the root, stem, and leaf tissues of Entada phaseoloides with three independent biological replicates and obtained a total of 53.26 Gb clean data and 116,910 unigenes, with an average N50 length of 1218 bp. Putative functions could be annotated to 42,191 unigenes (36.1%) based on BLASTx searches against the Non-redundant, Uniprot, KEGG, Pfam, GO, KEGG and COG databases. Most of the unigenes related to triterpenoid saponin backbone biosynthesis were specifically upregulated in the stem. A total of 26 cytochrome P450 and 17 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase candidate genes related to triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis were identified. The differential expressions of selected genes were further verified by qPT-PCR. Conclusions The dataset reported here will facilitate the research about the functional genomics of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and genetic engineering of Entada phaseoloides.
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Ni Z, Han X, Yang Z, Xu M, Feng Y, Chen Y, Xu LA. Integrative analysis of wood biomass and developing xylem transcriptome provide insights into mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in wood formation of Pinus massoniana. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1926-1937. [PMID: 32898541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is an important renewable energy source as an excellent new battery fuel and ideal substitutes for the petrochemical industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying lignin biosynthesis in wood formation of P. massoniana remains unexplored. Thus, an integrative analysis of wood biomass and the developing xylem transcriptome was performed to identify genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. A total of 1624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, consisting of 797 upregulated and 827 downregulated genes (MaxG vs MinG). Additionally, 122 candidate genes and 17 DEGs were successfully annotated to the lignin biosynthesis pathway. All upregulated MYB and NAC genes were regulators of secondary cell wall formation. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analyses shown that 9 lignin biosynthesis-related genes and 7 transcription factor-encoding genes were upregulated (MaxG vs MinG), which indicated that the downregulation of lignin biosynthesis-related genes might be the possible causes of growth retardation and dwarf phenotype in some P. massoniana individuals. The identification of lignin biosynthesis-related genes can provide valuable genetic basis and resource for further researches on molecular mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis and contribute to the future investigations of bioengineering and synthetic biology to regulate lignin content in wood formation for the pulp and wood utilization industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxian Ni
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xin Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhangqi Yang
- Guangxi Institute of Forestry Science, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yuanheng Feng
- Guangxi Institute of Forestry Science, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- Wuyi National Forest Farm Fujian Province, 808 Waihuan East Road, Zhangping 364400, China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Yang Z, An W, Liu S, Huang Y, Xie C, Huang S, Zheng X. Mining of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of dextrorotatory borneol in Cinnamomum burmannii by transcriptomic analysis on three chemotypes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9311. [PMID: 32566406 PMCID: PMC7293187 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dextrorotatory borneol (D-borneol), a cyclic monoterpene, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an efficient topical analgesic drug. Fresh leaves of Cinnamomum trees, e.g., C. burmannii and C. camphor, are the main sources from which D-borneol is extracted by steam distillation, yet with low yields. Insufficient supply of D-borneol has hampered its clinical use and production of patent remedies for a long time. Biological synthesis of D-borneol offers an additional approach; however, mechanisms of D-borneol biosynthesis remain mostly unresolved. Hence, it is important and necessary to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Results Comparative analysis on the gene expression patterns of different D-borneol production C. burmannii samples facilitates elucidation on the underlying biosynthetic pathway of D-borneol. Herein, we collected three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, which harbor different contents of D-borneol.A total of 100,218 unigenes with an N50 of 1,128 bp were assembled de novo using Trinity from a total of 21.21 Gb clean bases. We used BLASTx analysis against several public databases to annotate 45,485 unigenes (45.38%) to at least one database, among which 82 unigenes were assigned to terpenoid biosynthesis pathways by KEGG annotation. In addition, we defined 8,860 unigenes as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 13 DEGs were associated with terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. One 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and two monoterpene synthase, designated as CbDXS9, CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, were up-regulated in the high-borneol group compared to the low-borneol and borneol-free groups, and might be vital to biosynthesis of D-borneol in C. burmannii. In addition, we identified one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB candidate genes, which exhibited the same expression patterns as CbTPS2 and CbTPS3, suggesting that these transcription factors might potentially regulate D-borneol biosynthesis. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the actual expression level of those candidate genes related to the D-borneol biosynthesis pathway, and the result showed that the expression patterns of the candidate genes related to D-borneol biosynthesis were basically consistent with those revealed by transcriptome analysis. Conclusions We used transcriptome sequencing to analyze three different chemotypes of C. burmannii, identifying three candidate structural genes (one DXS, two monoterpene synthases) and seven potential transcription factor candidates (one WRKY, two BHLH, one AP2/ERF and three MYB) involved in D-borneol biosynthesis. These results provide new insight into our understanding of the production and accumulation of D-borneol in C. burmannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli An
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhu Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yuan Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Meng M, Wang J, Lin J. Tissue-specific transcriptome for Dendrobium officinale reveals genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Genomics 2020; 112:1781-1794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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