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Wei X, Wang H, Guo D, Wang B, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu C, Dong W. Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of the Cold Stress Response during the Overwintering Period in Blueberries ( Vaccinium spp.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1911. [PMID: 39065438 PMCID: PMC11280072 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In China, the Liaodong Peninsula is an important growing area for blueberries because of the high organic matter content in the soil, the abundance of light, and the large temperature difference between day and night. However, the low temperature and relative humidity of the air during the winter and early spring in the Liaodong Peninsula are the main reasons for the damage to blueberry plants. Here, we documented the transcriptome and proteome dynamics in response to cold stress in three blueberry cultivars ('Northland', 'Bluecrop', and 'Berkeley'). Functional enrichment analysis indicated that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were mainly involved in the pathways of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, the glutathione metabolism pathway, and ribosomes. We identified 12,747 transcription factors (TFs) distributed in 20 families. Based on our findings, we speculated that cold tolerance development was caused by the expression of calcium-related genes (CDPKs and CMLs), glutathione proteins, and TFs (NAC, WRKY, and ERF). Our investigation found that three cultivars experienced cold damage when exposed to temperatures between -9 °C and -15 °C in the field. Therefore, the cold resistance of blueberries during overwintering should not only resist the influence of low temperatures but also complex environmental factors such as strong winds and low relative humidity in the air. The order of cold resistance strength in the three blueberry cultivars was 'Berkeley', 'Bluecrop', and 'Northland'. These results provide a comprehensive profile of the response to cold stress, which has the potential to be used as a selection marker for programs to improve cold tolerance in blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Dan Guo
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Baisong Wang
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Youchun Liu
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China; (H.W.); (D.G.); (B.W.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (J.W.)
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Yang X, Han Y, Huo G, Ge G, He S, Yang X, Zhang L, Wei S, Luo L. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into cold tolerance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:442. [PMID: 38778262 PMCID: PMC11112944 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The popular leafy vegetable lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is susceptible to cold stress during the growing season, which slows growth rate, causes leaf yellowing and necrosis, and reduced yield and quality. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of two cold-resistant lettuce cultivars (GWAS-W42 and F11) and two cold-sensitive lettuce cultivars (S13K079 and S15K058) were performed to identify the mechanisms involved in the cold response of lettuce. Overall, transcriptome analysis identified 605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including significant enrichment of genes involved in the flavonoid and flavonol (CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, CYP75B1, HCT, etc.) biosynthetic pathways related to oxidation-reduction and catalytic activity. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified fifteen flavonoid metabolites and 28 other metabolites potentially involved in the response to cold stress; genistein, quercitrin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol derivatives, luteolin derivatives, apigenin and their derivatives accumulate at higher levels in cold-resistant cultivars. Moreover, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs and Dofs also play positive role in the low temperature response, which affected the expression of structural genes contributing to the variation of metabolites between the resistant and sensitive. These results provide valuable evidence that the metabolites and genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway play important roles in the response of lettuce to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guotao Huo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Guojun Ge
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Shuping He
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, 610213, China.
| | - Shiwei Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201106, China
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Li X, Ren X, Su Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, Ruan S, Yan J, Li B, Guo K. Differential effects of winter cold stress on soil bacterial communities, metabolites, and physicochemical properties in two varieties of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in reclaimed land. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0242523. [PMID: 38470484 PMCID: PMC10994721 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02425-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG) has been recently planted in reclaimed lands in Zhejiang Province, China, to increase reclaimed land use. Winter cold stress seriously limits the growth and development of TDG and has become the bottleneck limiting the TDG planting industry. To investigate the defense mechanisms of TDG toward winter cold stress when grown on reclaimed land, a combined analysis of soil bacterial communities, metabolites, and physicochemical properties was conducted in this study. Significant differences were observed in the composition of soil bacterial communities, metabolites, and properties in soils of a cold-tolerant variety (A201201) compared with a cold-intolerant variety (B201810). The fresh weight (75.8% of tubers) and dry weight (73.6%) of A201201 were significantly higher than those of B201810. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of soil bacteria showed that Gp5 (25.3%), Gemmatimonas (19.6%), Subdivision3 (16.7%), Lacibacterium (11.9%), Gp4 (11.8%), Gp3 (10.4%), Gp6 (7.0%), and WPS-1 (1.2%) were less common, while Chryseolinea (10.6%) were more common in A201201 soils than B201810 soils. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis of effect size identified 35 bacterial biomarker taxa for both treatments. Co-occurrence network analyses also showed that the structures of the bacterial communities were more complex and stable in A201201 soils compared to B201810 soils. In addition, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of significantly different metabolites in the two soil treatments, with 10 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (8 significantly upregulated by 9.2%-391.3% and 2 significantly downregulated by 25.1%-73.4%) that belonged to lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and benzenoids. The levels of those DEMs were significantly correlated with the relative abundances of nine bacterial genera. Also, redundancy discriminant analysis revealed that the main factors affecting changes in the bacterial community composition were available potassium (AK), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AHN), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and soil organic matter (SOM). The main factors affecting changes in the metabolite profiles were AK, MBC, MBN, AHN, pH, SOM, TN, and AP. Overall, this study provides new insights into the TDG defense mechanisms involved in winter cold stress responses when grown on reclaimed land and practical guidelines for achieving optimal TDG production.IMPORTANCEChina has been undergoing rapid urbanization, and land reclamation is regarded as a viable option to balance occupation and compensation. In general, the quality of reclaimed land cannot meet plant or even cultivation requirements due to poor soil fertility and high gravel content. However, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), extensively used in Chinese herbal medicine, can grow well in stony soils with few nutrients. So, to increase reclaimed land use, TDG has been cultivated on reclaimed lands in Zhejiang Province, China, recently. However, the artificial cultivation of TDG is often limited by winter cold stress. The aim of this study was to find out how TDG on reclaimed land deal with winter cold stress by looking at the bacterial communities, metabolites, and physicochemical properties of the soil, thereby guiding production in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Li
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ren
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Su
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Qingliangfeng Lvyuan Vegetable Professional Cooperative, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Xie N, Guo Q, Li H, Yuan G, Gui Q, Xiao Y, Liao M, Yang L. Integrated transcriptomic and WGCNA analyses reveal candidate genes regulating mainly flavonoid biosynthesis in Litsea coreana var. sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:231. [PMID: 38561656 PMCID: PMC10985888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Litsea coreana Levl. var. sinensis (Allen) Yang et P. H. Huang is a popular ethnic herb and beverage plant known for its high flavonoid content, which has been linked to a variety of pharmacological benefits and crucial health-promoting impacts in humans. The progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation in this plant has been hindered due to the deficiency of genomic and transcriptomic resources. We utilized a combination of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing to generate a de novo hybrid transcriptome assembly. In total, 126,977 unigenes were characterized, out of which 107,977 were successfully annotated in seven public databases. Within the annotated unigenes, 3,781 were categorized into 58 transcription factor families. Furthermore, we investigated the presence of four valuable flavonoids-quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside in 98 samples, using high-performance liquid chromatography. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified two co-expression modules, MEpink and MEturquoise, that showed strong positive correlation with flavonoid content. Within these modules, four transcription factor genes (R2R3-MYB, NAC, WD40, and ARF) and four key enzyme-encoding genes (CHI, F3H, PAL, and C4H) emerged as potential hub genes. Among them, the R2R3-MYB (LcsMYB123) as a homologous gene to AtMYB123/TT2, was speculated to play a significant role in flavonol biosynthesis based on phylogenetic analysis. Our findings provided a theoretical foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis. Additionally, The hybrid transcriptome sequences will serve as a valuable molecular resource for the transcriptional annotation of L. coreana var. sinensis, which will contribute to the improvement of high-flavonoid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiqaing Guo
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Huie Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gangyi Yuan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qin Gui
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengyun Liao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Huang Y, Cai S, Ying W, Niu T, Yan J, Hu H, Ruan S. Exogenous titanium dioxide nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity by enhancing the antioxidative capacity of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116166. [PMID: 38430577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most recent approaches employed to defend plants against both biotic and abiotic stress including heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd). In this study, we evaluated the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in alleviating Cd stress in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Compared with Cd treatment, TiO2 NPs decreased leaf Cd concentration, restored Cd exposure-related reduction in the biomass to about 69% of control and decreased activities of antioxidative enzymes. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed 325 differentially expressed genes associated with TiO2 NP treatment, most of which were enriched in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways were significantly regulated to improve the growth of T. hemsleyanum when treated with Cd. In the KEGG Markup Language (KGML) network analysis, we found some commonly regulated pathways between Cd and Cd+TiO2 NP treatment, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, indicating their potential core network positions in controlling T. hemsleyanum response to Cd stress. Overall, our findings revealed a complex response system for tolerating Cd, encompassing the transportation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, regulation of gene expression, and metabolite accumulation in T. hemsleyanum. Our results indicate that TiO2 NP can be used to reduce Cd toxicity in T. hemsleyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Shengguan Cai
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wu Ying
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tianxin Niu
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hongliang Hu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Qian L, Yin S, Lu N, Yue E, Yan J. Full-length transcriptome reveals the pivotal role of ABA and ethylene in the cold stress response of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1285879. [PMID: 38357266 PMCID: PMC10864657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1285879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is a valuable herb widely used in Chinese traditional and modern medicine. Winter cold severely limits the artificial cultivation of this plant, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms upon exposure to cold stress in T. hemsleyanum are unclear. T. hemsleyanum plants with different geographical origins exhibit large differences in response to cold stress. In this research study, using T. hemsleyanum ecotypes that exhibit frost tolerance (FR) and frost sensitivity (FS), we analyzed the response of cottage seedlings to a simulated frost treatment; plant hormones were induced with both short (2 h) and long (9 h) frost treatments, which were used to construct the full-length transcriptome and obtained 76,750 transcripts with all transcripts mapped to 28,805 genes, and 27,215 genes, respectively, annotated to databases. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed enrichment in plant hormone signaling pathways. Further analysis shows that differently expressed genes (DEGs) concentrated on calcium signaling, ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction, and ethylene in response to cold stress. We also found that endogenous ABA and ethylene content were increased after cold treatment, and exogenous ABA and ethylene significantly improved cold tolerance in both ecotypes. Our results elucidated the pivotal role of ABA and ethylene in response to cold stress in T. hemsleyanum and identified key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Lu
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erkui Yue
- Institute of Crop Science and Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao M, Li J, Zhou S, Li K, Niu L, Zhao L, Xu D. Analysis of the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the secondary metabolites and antioxidants in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the underlying mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165768. [PMID: 37516166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of plants is key for mediating responses to environmental stress, but few studies have examined how the relationship between secondary metabolism and the stress response of plants is affected by exposure to antibiotics. Here, we studied the effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) on the secondary metabolism and antioxidant activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). SMZ significantly affected the growth of rape seedlings. Low and high concentrations of SMZ induced the production of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rape seedlings, which damaged cells. SMZ stress altered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). SMZ promoted the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumaric acid: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) by activating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The content of secondary metabolites changed. The content of phenolic acids and flavonoids increased, and the content of sinapine and anthocyanins was altered to cope with the oxidative damage induced by antibiotics. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed metabolites were mainly involved in Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. SMZ alters the secondary metabolites of rapeseed, which mitigates the deleterious effects of stress, by modulating upstream secondary metabolism pathways and the production of plant hormones involved in signal transduction. In sum, these results provide a new perspective on the effects of SMZ on plants relative to secondary metabolites and improve our understanding of the toxicity of SMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Wu L, Tian J, Yu Y, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang F, Peng X. Functional characterization of a cold related flavanone 3-hydroxylase from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum: an in vitro, in silico and in vivo study. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1565-1578. [PMID: 37910279 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, a traditional Chinese medicine, frequently suffers from cold damage in the winter, leading to lower yields. There is a pressing need to improve cold resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying T. hemsleyanum responses to cold stress are still not clearly understood. Here, we explored the function of the flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene (ThF3H) in T. hemsleyanum under cold treatment. The open reading frame of ThF3H is 1092 bp and encodes 363 amino acid residues. In vitro, the ThF3H enzyme was expressed in E. coli and successfully catalyzed naringenin and eriodictyol into dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin, respectively. ThF3H exhibited a higher affinity for naringenin than for eriodictyol, which was in accordance with an in silico molecular docking analysis. The optimal pH and temperature for ThF3H activity were 7.0 and 30 °C, respectively. In vivo, overexpression of the ThF3H gene enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines, which was likely due to the increase in flavonoids. Collectively, the function of a cold-related ThF3H in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway may be helpful for improving the cold tolerance of T. hemsleyanum through molecular breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Wu
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Tian
- Newgen Biotech (Ningbo) Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujiong Zhang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
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Wu L, Meng F, Su X, Chen N, Peng D, Xing S. Transcriptomic responses to cold stress in Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1633-1646. [PMID: 38162923 PMCID: PMC10754796 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng is a perennial epiphytic herb of the family Orchidaceae. The main metabolites of D. huoshanense include polysaccharides and flavonoids. Low temperature is the main environmental factor that limits the growth and development of plants. However, changes that occur at the molecular level in response to low temperatures in D. huoshanense are poorly understood. We performed a transcriptome analysis at two time points of 0 d (control group) and 7 d (cold stress group) under culture of D. huoshanense at 4 °C. A total of 37.63 Gb transcriptomic data were generated using the MGI 2000 platform. These reads were assembled into 170,754 transcripts and 23,724 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Pathway analysis indicated that "flavonoid biosynthesis," "anthocyanin biosynthesis," "flavone and flavonol biosynthesis," and "plant hormone signal transduction" might play a vital role in the response of D. huoshanense to cold stress. Several important pathway genes were identified to be altered under cold stress, such as genes encoding polysaccharides, flavonoids, and plant hormone-signaling transduction kinase. In addition, the content of mannose and total flavonoids increased under cold stress. Twelve DEGs related to polysaccharides, flavonoid, and hormone pathways were selected from the transcriptome data for validation with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our results provide a transcriptome database and candidate genes for further study of the response of D. huoshanense to cold stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01385-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongling Municipal Hospital, Tongling, 244000 China
| | - Fei Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Xinglong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Na Chen
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Bozhou, 236800 China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230038 China
| | - Shihai Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
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10
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Krishna TA, Maharajan T, Krishna TA, Ceasar SA. Insights into Metabolic Engineering of Bioactive Molecules in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg: A Traditional Medicinal Herb. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:72-83. [PMID: 37994327 PMCID: PMC10662378 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029251472230921053135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are a vital source of bioactive molecules for various drug development processes. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum is one of the endangered medicinal plant species well known to the world due to its wide range of therapeutic effects. Many bioactive molecules have been identified from this plant, including many classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, etc. Due to its slow growth, it usually takes 3-5 years to meet commercial medicinal materials for this plant. Also, T. hemsleyanum contains low amounts of specific bioactive compounds, which are challenging to isolate easily. Currently, scientists are attempting to increase bioactive molecules' production from medicinal plants in different ways or to synthesize them chemically. The genomic tools helped to understand medicinal plants' genome organization and led to manipulating genes responsible for various biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic engineering has made it possible to enhance the production of secondary metabolites by introducing manipulated biosynthetic pathways to attain high levels of desirable bioactive molecules. Metabolic engineering is a promising approach for improving the production of secondary metabolites over a short time period. In this review, we have highlighted the scope of various biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering to enhance the production of secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical applications in T. hemsleyanum. Also, we summarized the progress made in metabolic engineering for bioactive molecule enhancement in T. hemsleyanum. It may lead to reducing the destruction of the natural habitat of T. hemsleyanum and conserving them through the cost-effective production of bioactive molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - T. Maharajan
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - T.P. Adarsh Krishna
- Research & Development Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd, Ernakulam, 686-662, Kerala, India
| | - S. Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
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11
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Wang WX, Zhang ZX, Wang X, Han C, Dong YJ, Wang YX. Functional identification of ANR genes in apple (Malus halliana) that reduce saline-alkali stress tolerance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:892-901. [PMID: 37448174 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major abiotic stresses restricting the development of global agriculture, saline-alkali stress causes osmotic stress, ion poisoning, ROS damage and high pH damage, which seriously restrict sustainable development of fruit industry. Therefore, it is essential to develop and cultivate saline-alkali-resistant apple rootstocks to improve the yield and quality of apples in China. Based on transcriptome data, MhANR (LOC114827797), which is significantly induced by saline-alkali stress, was cloned from Malus halliana. The physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships and cis-acting elements were analysed. Subsequently, the tolerance of MhANR overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, and apple calli to saline-alkali stress was verified through genetic transformation. Transgenic plants contained less Chl a, Chl b and proline, SOD, POD and CAT activity, and higher relative electrical conductivity (REC) compared to WT plants under saline-alkali stress. In addition, expression of saline-alkali stress-related genes in overexpressed apple calli were also lower than in WT calli, including the antioxidant genes (MhSOD and MhCAT^), the Na+ transporter genes (MhCAX5, MhCAX5, MhSOS1, MhALT1), and the H+ -ATPase genes (MhAHA2 and MhAHA8), while expression of the K+ transporter genes (MhSKOR and MhNHX4) were higher. Expression of MhANR reduced tolerance of A. thaliana, tobacco, and apple calli to saline-alkali stress by regulating osmoregulatory substances, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of saline-alkali stress-related genes. This research provides a theoretical basis for cultivating apple rootstocks with effective saline-alkali stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Z-X Zhang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - C Han
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-J Dong
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Y-X Wang
- Colege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Gautam H, Sharma A, Trivedi PK. The role of flavonols in insect resistance and stress response. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102353. [PMID: 37001187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms and must adapt to various environmental changes, especially from stress conditions. Synthesis of secondary metabolites by the plant is one of the adaptive mechanisms against stress to provide resistance. Among several secondary metabolites, flavonols, a subgroup of flavonoids, are one of the most widely distributed in the plant kingdom. These molecules work as antioxidants, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, and cause detrimental effects on insect growth on feeding. Despite the great interest in flavonol function leading to insect tolerance and stress response, the detailed mechanisms related to these specific functions have yet to be studied. In this review, we have summarized the role of flavonols in plant defense against insects and different abiotic stresses and possible mechanisms involved in these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Gautam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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13
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Sun Q, Ma L, Zhu X. Metabolomics-based exploration the response mechanisms of Saussurea involucrata leaves under different levels of low temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:297. [PMID: 37264318 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saussurea involucrata (Sik.) is alpine plant that have developed special adaptive mechanisms to resist adverse environmental conditions such as low temperature chilling during long-term adaptation and evolution. Exploring the changes of its metabolites under different temperature stresses is helpful to gain insight into its cold stress tolerance. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze the metabolites in the leaves of Sik. under low different temperature stress conditions. RESULTS A total of 753 metabolites were identified, and 360 different metabolites were identified according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids and sugars. Sucrose and trehalose synthesis, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glutamic acid-mediated proline biosynthesis, purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phenylpropane synthesis pathway metabolites all respond to low temperature stress. Under cold stress conditions, carbohydrates in Sik. leaves accumulate first than under freezing conditions, and the lower the temperature under freezing conditions, the less amino acids accumulate, while the phenolic substances increase. The expression of various substances in LPE and LPC increased more than 10-fold after low temperature stress compared with the control, but the content of LPE and LPC substances decreased after cold adaptation. In addition, purines and phenolics decreased and amino acids accumulated significantly under freezing conditions. CONCLUSION The metabolic network of Sik. leaves under different low temperature stress conditions was proposed, which provided a reference for further exploration of the metabolic mechanism related to low temperature stress tolerance of Sik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Lihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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14
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Ren C, Xu X, Comes HP, Jiang W, Fu C, Feng H, Cai L, Hong D, Li K, Kai G, Qiu Y. Chromosome-level reference genome of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) provides insights into genomic evolution and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:805-823. [PMID: 36864731 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly (2.19 Gb) and annotation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, a perennial herbaceous liana native to subtropical China with diverse medicinal applications. Approximately 73% of the genome was comprised of transposable elements (TEs), of which long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) were a predominant group (69% of the genome). The genome size increase of T. hemsleyanum (relative to Vitis species) was mostly due to the proliferation of LTR-RTs. Of the different modes of gene duplication identified, transposed duplication (TRD) and dispersed duplication (DSD) were the predominant ones. Genes, particularly those involved in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) pathway and those associated with therapeutic properties and environmental stress resistance, were significantly amplified through recent tandem duplications. We dated the divergence of two intraspecific lineages in Southwest (SW) versus Central-South-East (CSE) China to the late Miocene (approximately 5.2 million years ago). Of those, the former showed more upregulated genes and metabolites. Based on resequencing data of 38 individuals representing both lineages, we identified various candidate genes related to 'response to stimulus' and 'biosynthetic process', including ThFLS11, which is putatively involved in flavonoid accumulation. Overall, this study provides abundant genomic resources for future evolutionary, ecological, and functional genomics studies in T. hemsleyanum and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chaoqian Ren
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinhan Xu
- Hangzhou Sanyeqing Agricultural Science and Technology Co. LTD, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hans Peter Comes
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Salzburg University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Weimei Jiang
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huixia Feng
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Deyuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yingxiong Qiu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
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15
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Yang M, Zhou M, Shu M, Han Z, Ma R, Chen Y, Zheng T, Chen H. The Blinin Accumulation Promoted by CbMYB32 Involved in Conyza blinii Resistance to Nocturnal Low Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087143. [PMID: 37108302 PMCID: PMC10139108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blinin, a unique terpenoid from Conyza blinii (C. blinii), benefits our health even though this is not its primary function. Physiological and ecological studies have found that the great secondary metabolites participate in important biological processes and relate to species evolution, environmental adaptation, and so on. Moreover, our previous studies have shown that the metabolism and accumulation of blinin has a close correspondence with nocturnal low temperature (NLT). To find out the transcriptional regulation linker in the crosstalk between blinin and NLT, RNA-seq, comparative analysis, and co-expression network were performed. The results indicated that CbMYB32 is located in a nucleus without independent transcriptional activation activity and is probably involved in the metabolism of blinin. Furthermore, we compared the silence and overexpression of CbMYB32 with wild C. blinii. Compared with the overexpression and the wildtype, the CbMYB32 silence line lost more than half of the blinin and detected more peroxide under NLT. Finally, as a characteristic secret of C. blinii, it is reasonable to infer that blinin participates in the NLT adaptation mechanism and has contributed to the systematic evolution of C. blinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Mengdan Shu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhengqi Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ruiqi Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Institute, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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16
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Phylogenetic Analysis of R2R3-MYB Family Genes in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg and Roles of ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 in Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030531. [PMID: 36979467 PMCID: PMC10046264 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) is an extensively used Chinese folk herb with multiple bioactivities. Among these bioactivities, flavonoids are recognized as the representative active ingredients. We previously found an elevated accumulation of flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum under water stress; however, the mechanism remains unclear. R2R3-MYB transcription factors play vital roles in the plant response to environmental stress and the regulation of secondary metabolites. Herein, a systematic transcriptome identification of R2R3-MYB family genes under water stress in T. hemsleyanum was performed to explore their potential function in the biosynthesis of flavonoids. A total of 26 R2R3-MYB genes were identified, most of which were clustered into functional branches of abiotic stress. ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 were then screened out to be associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids through a protein-protein interaction prediction. An expression correlation analysis based on RNA-seq further confirmed that ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 were positively related to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes of T. hemsleyanum. In ThMYB4- and ThMYB7-overexpression hairy roots, it was found that the expression of ThCHS and ThCHI was significantly increased, suggesting that ThMYB4 and ThMYB7 may act as regulators in flavonoid biosynthesis. This will shed new light on the promotion of flavonoid production and the medicinal value of T. hemsleyanum by manipulating transcription factors.
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17
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Integrative Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Developmental Mechanisms and Metabolite Biosynthesis of the Tuberous Roots of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062603. [PMID: 36985574 PMCID: PMC10054749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberous root of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T. hemsleyanum) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a wide range of clinical applications. However, the scarcity of its wild resources, its low yield, and the variable quality that results from its artificial cultivation leads to expensive market prices that are not conducive to the further industrial development of T. hemsleyanum. In this study, transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolomic analyses were integrated to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolite biosynthesis that occur during its root development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched for processes associated with flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Genes related to lignin were downregulated in tuberous roots (TRs), resulting in a decrease in lignification and the downregulation of metabolites related to flavonoids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. In addition, the expression levels of starch- and sucrose-related genes were upregulated in TRs. The root development of SYQ is also related to IAA, GA, ABA, and JA signaling pathways. Collectively, this study lays the foundation for analyzing the root development and quality-modulating mechanisms employed by T. hemsleyanum; this will be beneficial in conducting molecular-assisted breeding and controlling its secondary metabolite production.
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18
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Bai Y, Jiang L, Li Z, Liu S, Hu X, Gao F. Flavonoid Metabolism in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Based on Metabolome Analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010083. [PMID: 36615276 PMCID: PMC9821845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, known as a "plant antibiotic", possesses several attractive properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects, with its efficacy being attributed to flavonoids. However, the flavonoid biosynthesis of T. hemsleyanum has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the flavonoid metabolism of T. hemsleyanum through metabolome analysis and transcriptome sequencing. The metabolomic results showed differences in the flavonoids of the leaves and root tubers of T. hemsleyanum. A total of 22 flavonoids was detected, and the concentrations of most flavonoids in the leaves were higher than those in the root tubers. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and root tubers were enriched in photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the expression levels of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT) were highly correlated with the concentrations of most flavonoids. Further, this study found that the photosynthesis-antenna proteins essentially contributed to the difference in the flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum. The gene expressions and concentrations of the total flavonoids of leaves and root tubers in Hangzhou, Jinhua, Lishui, and Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, China, showed that CHI (CL6715.Contig1_All, Unigene19431_All, CL921.Contig4_All) and UFGT (CL11556.Contig3_All, CL11775.Contig1_All) were the potential key genes of accumulation of most flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lingtai Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shouzan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Botanical Garden, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
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Kumar Patel M, Fanyuk M, Feyngenberg O, Maurer D, Sela N, Ovadia R, Oren Sahmir M, Alkan N. Phenylalanine induces mango fruit resistance against chilling injuries during storage at suboptimal temperature. Food Chem 2022; 405:134909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Li Z, Zhou Y, Liang H, Li Q, Jiang Y, Duan X, Jiang G. MaMYB13 is involved in response to chilling stress via activating expression of VLCFAs and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis-related genes in postharvest banana fruit. Food Chem 2022; 405:134957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Lu J, Chen H, Yang Z, Sun S, Luo Q, Xie J, Tan J. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of the response of roots of Pinus massoniana Lamb. to low-temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954324. [PMID: 36247576 PMCID: PMC9554314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pinus massoniana Lamb. is the timber species with the widest distribution and the largest afforestation area in China, providing a large amount of timber, turpentine and ecological products. but low temperature limits its growth and geographical distribution. Physiological and molecular studies can well explain the mechanism of P. massoniana response to low temperature. In this study, physiological and biochemical indexes, cell morphology, lignin content, gene regulatory networks, and gene expression patterns of different P. massoniana varieties (cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive) were studied from physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. The results indicated that under low-temperature stress, the cold-tolerant cultivar maintained high contents of osmoregulatory substances, and the root morphology and structure remained intact. In the initial stage of low-temperature stress, the number of differentially expressed genes was 7148, and with the extension of stress time, the number of differentially expressed genes decreased to 1991. P. massoniana might direct its responses to low temperature by regulating phenylpropane metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, hormone signaling pathways, and transcription factors. BAM, 4CL, CCoAOMT, PRX5, WRKYs, and hormone synthesis related genes play important roles. P. massoniana cultivars may vary in response mechanisms. In this study, physiological and analytical techniques were used to study the root tip response mechanism of Masson's pine to low temperature stress. The results of this study lay a foundation for in-depth research on the molecular functions of P. massoniana under low-temperature stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of the State Forestry Administration, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Zhangqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of the State Forestry Administration, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Qunfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of the State Forestry Administration, Nanning, China
| | - Junkang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Central South Fast-Growing Timber Cultivation of Forestry Ministry of China, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Masson Pine Engineering Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, China
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Zheng G, Dong X, Wei J, Liu Z, Aslam A, Cui J, Li H, Wang Y, Tian H, Cao X. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analysis unravel the cold tolerance mechanism in winter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 36008781 PMCID: PMC9414130 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosine methylation, the main type of DNA methylation, regulates gene expression in plant response to environmental stress. The winter rapeseed has high economic and ecological value in China's Northwest, but the DNA methylation pattern of winter rapeseed during freezing stress remains unclear. RESULT This study integrated the methylome and transcriptome to explore the genome-scale DNA methylation pattern and its regulated pathway of winter rapeseed, using freezing-sensitive (NF) and freezing-resistant (NS) cultivars.The average methylation level decreased under freezing stress, and the decline in NF was stronger than NS after freezing stress. The CG methylation level was the highest among the three contexts of CG, CHG, and CHH. At the same time, the CHH proportion was high, and the methylation levels were highest 2 kb up/downstream, followed by the intron region. The C sub-genomes methylation level was higher than the A sub-genomes. The methylation levels of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA were much lower than the B. napus nuclear DNA, the SINE methylation level was highest among four types of transposable elements (TEs), and the preferred sequence of DNA methylation did not change after freezing stress. A total of 1732 differentially expressed genes associated with differentially methylated genes (DMEGs) were identified in two cultivars under 12 h and 24 h in three contexts by combining whole-genome bisulfite sequencing( and RNA-Seq data. Function enrichment analysis showed that most DMEGs participated in linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Meanwhile, some DMEGs encode core transcription factors in plant response to stress. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of DNA methylation, the freezing tolerance of winter rapeseed is achieved by enhanced signal transduction, lower lipid peroxidation, stronger cell stability, increased osmolytes, and greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These results provide novel insights into better knowledge of the methylation regulation of tolerance mechanism in winter rapeseed under freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ali Aslam
- Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - JunMei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Xie Z, Yang C, Liu S, Li M, Gu L, Peng X, Zhang Z. Identification of AP2/ERF transcription factors in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum revealed the specific roles of ERF46 under cold stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936602. [PMID: 36017255 PMCID: PMC9396264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used in China. Cultivated T. hemsleyanum usually encounters cold stress, limiting its growth and quality at key developmental stages. APETALA2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) transcription factors (TFs) comprise one of the largest gene superfamilies in plants and are widely involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. To reveal the roles of AP2/ERF TFs during T. hemsleyanum development, 70 AP2/ERF TFs were identified in T. hemsleyanum. Among them, 18 and 2 TFs were classified into the AP2 and RAV families, respectively. The other 50 TFs belonged to the ERF family and were further divided into the ERF and (dehydration reaction element binding factor) DREB subfamilies. The ERF subfamily contained 46 TFs, while the DREB subfamily contained 4 TFs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AP2/ERF TFs could be classified into five groups, in which 10 conserved motifs were confirmed. Several motifs were group- or subgroup-specific, implying that they were significant for the functions of the AP2/ERF TFs of these clades. In addition, 70 AP2/ERF TFs from the five groups were used for an expression pattern analysis under three low-temperature levels, namely, -4, 0, and 4°C. The majority of these AP2/ERF TFs exhibited a positive response to cold stress conditions. Specifically, ThERF5, ThERF31, ThERF46, and ThERF55 demonstrated a more sensitive response to cold stress. Moreover, AP2/ERF TFs exhibited specific expression patterns under cold stress. Transient overexpression and RNA interference indicated that ThERF46 has a specific tolerance to cold stress. These new insights provide the basis for further studies on the roles of AP2/ERF TFs in cold stress tolerance in T. hemsleyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomi Xie
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- Medicinal Plant Resource Center, Ningbo Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Liu C, Pan J, Yin ZG, Feng T, Zhao J, Dong X, Zhou Y. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in Radix Ardisia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13670. [PMID: 35789656 PMCID: PMC9250311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radix Ardisia (Jab Bik Lik Jib) is a common Miao medicine and is widely distributed in the Guizhou region of southern China. The botanical origin of Radix Ardisia includes the dry root and rhizome of Ardisia Crenata Sims (ACS) or Ardisia Crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. (AC), which are closely related species morphologically. However, the secondary metabolites in their roots are different from one another, especially the flavonoids, and these differences have not been thoroughly explored at the molecular level. This project preliminarily identified regulatory molecular mechanisms in the biosynthetic pathways of the flavonoids between ACS and AC using a multi-omics association analysis. Methods In this study, we determined the total levels of saponin, flavonoid, and phenolic in Radix Ardisia from different origins. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEM). We also performed conjoint analyses on DEGs and DEMs to ascertain the degree pathways, and explore the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. Results The total flavonoid and phenolic levels in ACS were significantly higher than in AC (P < 0.05). There were 17,685 DEGs between ACS vs. AC, 8,854 were upregulated and 8,831 were downregulated. Based on this, we continued to study the gene changes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and 100 DEGs involving flavonoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed in ACS and AC. We validated the accuracy of the RNA-seq data using qRT-PCR. Metabolomic analyses showed that 11 metabolites were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis including: Naringenin, Luteolin, Catechin, and Quercetin. A conjoint analysis of the genome-wide connection network revealed the differences in the types and levels of flavonoid compounds between ACS and AC. The correlation analysis showed that Naringenin, Luteolin, Catechin, and Quercetin were more likely to be key compounds in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway also including 4CL, AOMT, CHS, CHI, DFR, F3'5'H, FLS, and LAR. Conclusions This study provides useful information for revealing the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and the regulatory relationship between metabolites and genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Radix Ardisia from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yin
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiehong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- Guizhou Sanli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Liu Y, Pan J, Ni S, Xing B, Cheng K, Peng X. Transcriptome and Metabonomics Combined Analysis Revealed the Defense Mechanism Involved in Hydrogen-Rich Water-Regulated Cold Stress Response of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:889726. [PMID: 35812920 PMCID: PMC9260428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.889726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The poor resistance to cold stress conditions has become the bottleneck problem in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) planting industry. Exogenous hydrogen (H2) plays an important role in improving stress resistance in plants. However, the key factors and regulatory network of plants in response to hydrogen-rich water (HRW) treatment under environmental stress are not clear. Here, we conducted integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome profiles to reveal the defense mechanism involved in the HRW-regulated cold stress response of T. hemsleyanum. The application of 75% HRW could alleviate stress damage by decreasing stomatal apparatus density and significantly increasing photosynthetic efficiency and mitigating physiological indexes of resistance, such as Pn, Cond, MDA, SOD, etc., which were changed by cold stress conditions. A total of 7,883 DEGs and 439 DEMs were identified. DEGs were the most relevant to phenylpropanoid, isoflavonoid, monoterpenoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Using gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA), we identified one gene module that showed a strong correlation between total antioxidant capacity and transpiration rate. Trend analysis indicated that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway played a major role in the transcription and metabolism process of HRW treatment under cold stress. Based on the integrated analysis of genes and metabolites, the results showed cold stress upregulated the expression of PAL, CHS, COMT, CCR, AtBG1, etc., resulting in the accumulation of coniferyl alcohol and eriodictyol contents in T. hemsleyanum under cold stress, but the 75% HRW treatment could attenuate the enhancement. The study not only identified the main strategy of HRW protection against cold stress but also provided candidate genes for flavonoid biosynthesis, so as to better improve cold tolerance through molecular breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Liu
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Sui Ni
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bincong Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
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The possible future changes in potential suitable habitats of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) in China predicted by an ensemble model. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Wang Z, Le X, Cao X, Wang C, Chen F, Wang J, Feng Y, Yue L, Xing B. Triiron Tetrairon Phosphate (Fe7(PO4)6) Nanomaterials Enhanced Flavonoid Accumulation in Tomato Fruits. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081341. [PMID: 35458049 PMCID: PMC9028851 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids contribute to fruit sensorial and nutritional quality. They are also highly beneficial for human health and can effectively prevent several chronic diseases. There is increasing interest in developing alternative food sources rich in flavonoids, and nano-enabled agriculture provides the prospect for solving this action. In this study, triiron tetrairon phosphate (Fe7(PO4)6) nanomaterials (NMs) were synthesized and amended in soils to enhance flavonoids accumulation in tomato fruits. 50 mg kg−1 of Fe7(PO4)6 NMs was the optimal dose based on its outstanding performance on promoting tomato fruit flavonoids accumulation. After entering tomato roots, Fe7(PO4)6 NMs promoted auxin (IAA) level by 70.75 and 164.21% over Fe-EDTA and control, and then up-regulated the expression of genes related to PM H+ ATPase, leading to root proton ef-flux at 5.87 pmol cm−2 s−1 and rhizosphere acidification. More Mg, Fe, and Mn were thus taken up into plants. Subsequently, photosynthate was synthesized, and transported into fruits more rapidly to increase flavonoid synthesis potential. The metabolomic and transcriptomic profile in fruits further revealed that Fe7(PO4)6 NMs regulated sucrose metabolism, shi-kimic acid pathway, phenylalanine synthesis, and finally enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis. This study implies the potential of NMs to improve fruit quality by enhancing flavonoids synthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiehui Le
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-85911911
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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Xie Z, Yang C, Li M, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Gu L, Peng X. Nitric Oxide Crosstalk With Phytohormone Is Involved in Enhancing Photosynthesis of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum for Photovoltaic Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:852956. [PMID: 35356119 PMCID: PMC8959772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.852956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic agriculture is a newly emerging ecological planting pattern. In view of the adverse effect on production, a better understanding of photovoltaic adaptation responses is essential for the development of the innovative agriculture mode in sustainable crop production. Here, we investigated the impact of photovoltaic condition on endogenous hormone composition and transcriptome profile of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. A total of 16 differentially accumulated phytohormones and 12,615 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Photovoltaic adaptation significantly decreased the contents of phytohormones especially salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). DEGs were the most relevant to photosynthesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway especially the key genes encoding proteins involved in photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) reaction center. Nitric oxide (NO), JA, and SA treatment alone significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency which was decreased by exposure to photovoltaic condition, but the combined treatment of "NO + SA" could weaken the enhancement effect by regulating the expression level of psaL, CHIL, petF1, psbQ, and psaE genes. Exogenous phytohormones and NO treatment mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and potentiated antioxidant capacity, which would be weakened by the combined treatment of "NO + SA." SA and JA significantly decreased endogenous NO burst triggered by photovoltaic adaptation. SA might be a potent scavenger of NO and counter the restoration effect of NO on growth and photosynthetic potential in T. hemsleyanum. The results could provide reference for the application of phytohormones/other signaling molecules in photovoltaic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomi Xie
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Wu
- College of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Medicinal Plant Resource Center, Ningbo Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China
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Peng X, Xie Z, Wang X, Zhao Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Li M, Zheng J, Wang Y. Multi-omics analyses revealed key factors involved in fluorescent carbon-dots-regulated secondary metabolism in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:63. [PMID: 35109871 PMCID: PMC8812181 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminescent nanomaterials (LNMs), especially newly-exploited fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs), have demonstrated promising candidates for sunlight harvesting and enhanced photosynthesis efficiency of crops. However, most of the studies focus on the design and synthesis of LNMs and primary metabolism in biomass acceleration, secondary metabolism that closely associated with the quality ingredients of plants is rarely mentioned. RESULTS UV-absorptive and water-soluble NIR-CDs were harvested via a facile microwave-assisted carbonization method. The effect and regulatory mechanism of NIR-CDs on the secondary metabolism and bioactive ingredients accumulation in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were explored. A total of 191 differential secondary metabolites and 6874 differentially expressed genes were identified when the NIR-CDs were adopted for enhancing growth of T. hemsleyanum. The phenolic acids were generally improved, but the flavonoids were more likely to decrease. The pivotal differentially expressed genes were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. The gene-metabolite association was constructed and 44 hub genes highly related to quality ingredients accumulation and growth were identified, among which and the top 5 genes of the PPI network might be the key regulators. CONCLUSION This research provided key regulatory genes and differentially accumulating quality ingredients under NIR-CDs-treatment, which could provide a theoretical basis for expanding the applications of nanomaterial in industrial crop agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuomi Xie
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350028, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350028, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350028, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China.
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Song Y, Feng J, Liu D, Long C. Different Phenylalanine Pathway Responses to Cold Stress Based on Metabolomics and Transcriptomics in Tartary Buckwheat Landraces. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:687-698. [PMID: 34989558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is strongly adapted to growth in adverse environments. In Liangshan, the Yi people cultivate different Tartary buckwheat landraces in different habitats. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular differences in transcriptomic and metabolomic responses underlying cold tolerance between two Tartary buckwheat landraces (TM and RG) cultivated at different altitudes. After cold treatment, TM showed normal growth in the seedling stage and had significantly higher total flavonoids (16.53 mg/g, 1.47 times), rutin (5.73 mg/g, 1.32 times), and quercetin (0.08 mg/g, 2.67 times), which were higher than those in RG. In addition, TM showed higher-level changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism than RG. Combined transcriptome and metabolomic analyses showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was upregulated after cold treatment, and in TM, rutin synthesis was upregulated with a higher-level response to cold stress. RG showed higher expression in anthocyanins in response to cold stress. In addition, 24 structural genes involved in flavonoid synthesis, including 6 PAL, 3 C4H, 2 4CL, 2 CHS, 1 CHI, 3 F3H, 3 DFR, 1 FLS, 1 F3'H, and 4 GTR genes, were identified. These results will provide sufficient information for breeding Tartary buckwheat with high cold tolerance and constructing rutin high-yield varieties based on genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100088, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100088, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum alleviates sarcoidosis through metabolomic regulation and Th17/Treg immune homeostasis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Li M, Fu H, Wang K, Tian X, Qiu R, Liu J, Gao S, Zhong Z, Yang B, Zhang L. Transcriptomic analysis unravels the molecular response of Lonicera japonica leaves to chilling stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1092857. [PMID: 36618608 PMCID: PMC9815118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1092857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica is not only an important resource of traditional Chinese medicine, but also has very high horticultural value. Studies have been performed on the physiological responses of L. japonica leaves to chilling, however, the molecular mechanism underlying the low temperature-induced leaves morphological changes remains unclear. In this study, it has been demonstrated that the ratio of pigments content including anthocyanins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids was significantly altered in response to chilling condition, resulting in the color transformation of leaves from green to purple. Transcriptomic analysis showed there were 10,329 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-expressed during chilling stress. DEGs were mainly mapped to secondary metabolism, cell wall, and minor carbohydrate. The upregulated genes (UGs) were mainly enriched in protein metabolism, transport, and signaling, while UGs in secondary metabolism were mainly involved in phenylpropaoids-flavonoids pathway (PFP) and carotenoids pathway (CP). Protein-protein interaction analysis illustrated that 21 interacted genes including CAX3, NHX2, ACA8, and ACA9 were enriched in calcium transport/potassium ion transport. BR biosynthesis pathway related genes and BR insensitive (BRI) were collectively induced by chilling stress. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in anthocyanins and CPs as well as the content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and luteoloside were increased in leaves of L. japonica under stress. Taken together, these results indicate that the activation of PFP and CP in leaves of L. japonica under chilling stress, largely attributed to the elevation of calcium homeostasis and stimulation of BR signaling, which then regulated the PFP/CP related transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Department of Techonology Center, Shandong Anran Nanometer Industry Development Company Limited, Weihai, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Techonology Center, Shandong Anran Nanometer Industry Development Company Limited, Weihai, China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxian Yang, ; Lin Zhang,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxian Yang, ; Lin Zhang,
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Zhou J, Tian L, Wang S, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Wang X, An P, Li C. Ovary Abortion Induced by Combined Waterlogging and Shading Stress at the Flowering Stage Involves Amino Acids and Flavonoid Metabolism in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778717. [PMID: 34887895 PMCID: PMC8649655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) crops on the North China Plain are often subject to continuous overcast rain at the flowering stage. This causes waterlogging and shading stresses simultaneously and leads to huge yield losses, but the causes of these yield losses remain largely unknown. To explore the factors contributing to yield loss caused by combined waterlogging and shading stress at the flowering stage, we performed phenotypic, physiological, and quasi-targeted metabolomics analyses of maize plants subjected to waterlogging, shading, and combined waterlogging and shading (WS) treatments. Analyses of phenotypic and physiological indexes showed that, compared with waterlogging or shading alone, WS resulted in lower source strength, more severe inhibition of ovary and silk growth at the ear tip, a reduced number of emerged silks, and a higher rate of ovary abortion. Changes in carbon content and enzyme activity could not explain the ovary abortion in our study. Metabolomic analyses showed that the events occurred in ovaries and silks were closely related to abortion, WS forced the ovary to allocate more resources to the synthesis of amino acids involved in the stress response, inhibited the energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism and methionine salvage pathway, and overaccumulation of H2O2. In silks, WS led to lower accumulation levels of specific flavonoid metabolites with antioxidant capacity, and to over accumulation of H2O2. Thus, compared with each single stress, WS more seriously disrupted the normal metabolic process, and resulted more serious oxidative stress in ovaries and silks. Amino acids involved in the stress response in ovaries and specific flavonoid metabolites with antioxidant capacity in silks play important roles during ovary abortion. These results identify novel traits for selection in breeding programs and targets for genome editing to increase maize yield under WS stress.
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Jiao C, Xu Z, Bian Q, Forsberg E, Tan Q, Peng X, He S. Machine learning classification of origins and varieties of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum using a dual-mode microscopic hyperspectral imager. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120054. [PMID: 34119773 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode microscopic hyperspectral imager (DMHI) combined with a machine learning algorithm for the purpose of classifying origins and varieties of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (T. hemsleyanum) was developed. By switching the illumination source, the DMHI can operate in reflection imaging and fluorescence detection modes. The DMHI system has excellent performance with spatial and spectral resolutions of 27.8 μm and 3 nm, respectively. To verify the capability of the DMHI system, a series of classification experiments of T. hemsleyanum were conducted. Captured hyperspectral datasets were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensional reduction, and a support vector machine (SVM) model was used for classification. In reflection microscopic hyperspectral imaging (RMHI) mode, the classification accuracies of T. hemsleyanum origins and varieties were 96.3% and 97.3%, respectively, while in fluorescence microscopic hyperspectral imaging (FMHI) mode, the classification accuracies were 97.3% and 100%, respectively. Combining datasets in dual mode, excellent predictions of origin and variety were realized by the trained model, both with a 97.5% accuracy on a newly measured test set. The results show that the DMHI system is capable of T. hemsleyanum origin and variety classification, and has the potential for non-invasive detection and rapid quality assessment of various kinds of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Jiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhanpeng Xu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiuwan Bian
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Erik Forsberg
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Tan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yin S, Cui H, Zhang L, Yan J, Qian L, Ruan S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Two Ecotypes of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071288. [PMID: 34202839 PMCID: PMC8309080 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
T. hemsleyanum plants with different geographical origins contain enormous genetic variability, which causes different composition and content of flavonoids. In this research, integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome were performed in two ecotypes of T. hemsleyanum. There were 5428 different expressed transcripts and 236 differentially accumulated metabolites, phenylpropane and flavonoid biosynthesis were most predominantly enriched. A regulatory network of 9 transcripts and 11 compounds up-regulated in RG was formed, and chlorogenic acid was a core component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Hairui Cui
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Lihua Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Institute of Crops, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Q.); (S.R.)
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Mi W, Liu Z, Jin J, Dong X, Xu C, Zou Y, Xu M, Zheng G, Cao X, Fang X, Zhao C, Mi C. Comparative proteomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of enhanced cold tolerance through ROS scavenging in winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243292. [PMID: 33434207 PMCID: PMC7802968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two winter rapeseed cultivars, "NS" (cold tolerant) and "NF" (cold sensitive), were used to reveal the morphological, physiological, and proteomic characteristics in leaves of plants after treatment at -4°C for 12 h(T1) and 24 h(T2), and at room temperature(T0), to understand the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance. Antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment ability were higher, and plasma membrane injury was less obvious, in NS than in NF under cold stress. We detected different abundant proteins (DAPs) related to cold tolerance in winter rapeseed through data-independent acquisition (DIA). Compared with NF, A total of 1,235 and 1,543 DAPs were identified in the NSs under T1 and T2, respectively. Compared with NF, 911 proteins were more abundant in NS only after cold treatment. Some of these proteins were related to ROS scavenging through four metabolic pathways: lysine degradation; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; flavonoid biosynthesis; and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Analysis of these proteins in the four candidate pathways revealed that they were rapidly accumulated to quickly enhance ROS scavenging and improve the cold tolerance of NS. These proteins were noticeably more abundant during the early stage of cold stress, which was critical for avoiding ROS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zigang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiaojiao Jin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya Zou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinling Fang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Mi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Ji T, Ji WW, Wang J, Chen HJ, Peng X, Cheng KJ, Qiu D, Yang WJ. A comprehensive review on traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacology properties and toxicology of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113247. [PMID: 32800929 PMCID: PMC7422820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T.hemsleyanum), a rare herbal plant distributed in subtropical areas of mainland China, has become a focus of scientific attention in recent years because of its high traditional value, including uses for treatment of children with fever, pneumonia, asthma, rheumatism, hepatitis, menstrual disorders, scrofula, and pharynx pain. AIM This systematic review aims to provide an insightful understanding of traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological effect and clinical application of T. hemsleyanum, and lay a foundation for the further study and for the utilization of T. hemsleyanum resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS A domestic and overseas literature search in known databases was conducted for published articles using the relevant keywords. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two chemical constituents identified from T. hemsleyanum have been reported, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharide, organic acids, fatty acids, terpenoids, steroids, amino acid and others. Among these components, flavonoids and polysaccharides were the representative active ingredients of T. hemsleyanum, which have been widely investigated. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that these components exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antivirus, antitumor, antipyretic, anti-hepatic injury, immunomodulatory, antibacterial etc. Moreover, different toxicological studies indicated that the clinical dosage of T. hemsleyanum was safe and reliable. CONCLUSIONS Modern pharmacological studies have well supported and clarified some traditional uses, and T. hemsleyanum has a good prospect for the development of new drugs due to these outstanding properties. However, the present findings did not provide an in-depth evaluation of bioactivity of the extracts, the composition of its active extracts was not clear. Moreover, they were insufficient to satisfactorily explain some mechanisms of action. Data regarding many aspects of T. hemsleyanum, such as links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, quality control standard and the clinical value of active compositions is still limited which need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei Ji
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang Chen
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jie Yang
- Feng Hua Institute of Science and Technology, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Xiang Q, Hu S, Ligaba-Osena A, Yang J, Tong F, Guo W. Seasonal Variation in Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Fully Developed Tuberous Roots Enriches Candidate Genes in Essential Metabolic Pathways and Phytohormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659645. [PMID: 34305963 PMCID: PMC8300961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) is a perennial climbing liana and an endemic plant to southern China. Its tuberous roots (TRs) are used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating some diseases such as high fever, pneumonia, asthma, hepatitis, and cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of TR and the content of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids (FPs) are not well-understood. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of 12 fully developed TR (FD-TR) samples harvested in four seasons [spring (Sp), summer (Su), autumn (Au), and winter (Wi)] using the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). We obtained a total of 78.54 Gb raw data and 65,578 unigenes. Then, the unigenes were annotated by using six databases such as non-redundant protein database (NR), Pfam, eggNOG, SWISSProt, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene ontology (GO). The transcriptomic profiling showed closer relationships between the samples obtained in Su and Au than those obtained in Sp and Wi based on the results of both total unigenes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three pathways, including the biosynthesis of FPs, metabolism of starch and sucrose, and signaling of phytohormones, were highly enriched, suggesting a gene-level seasonal variation. Based on the numbers of DEGs, brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction factors appeared to play a key role in modulating the development of TRs while most of the auxin signaling genes were mainly activated in Wi and Sp FD-TRs. Most genes in the biosynthesis and biodegradation of starch and biodegradation of cellulose were activated in Wi FD-TRs. As determined by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and aluminum nitrate colorimetric method, the contents of total flavonoids and most detected FP components increased from Sp to Au but decreased in Wi. Enhanced expression levels of some genes in the biosynthetic pathways of FPs were detected in Su and Au samples, which corroborated well with metabolite content. Our findings provide the first transcriptomic and biochemical data on a seasonal variation in the composition of medically important metabolites in SYQ FD-TRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudan Tong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Guo ;
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Integrated analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome and analgesic effect provide insight into potential applications of different parts of Lindera aggregata. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhu R, Xu X, Ying J, Cao G, Wu X. The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550497. [PMID: 33101019 PMCID: PMC7546407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang C, Chen L, Cai ZC, Chen C, Liu Z, Liu X, Zou L, Chen J, Tan M, Wei L, Mei Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Accumulation Difference of Bioactive Constituents in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch under Salt Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1480-1493. [PMID: 31899641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) possesses a substantial share of the global markets for its unique sweet flavor and diverse pharmacological compounds. Cultivated licorice is widely distributed in northwest regions of China, covered with land with a broad range of salinities. A preliminary study indicated that suitable salt stress significantly increased the content of bioactive constituents in licorice. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of salinity on the accumulation of these constituents remain unclear, which hinders quality breeding of cultivated licorice. In our study, flavonoid-related structural genes were obtained, and most of them, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, cinnamate 4-hydroxylases, 4-coumarate: CoA ligases, chalcone synthases, chalcone-flavanone isomerase, and flavonol synthase, showed high levels after salt treatment. In the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin, three key enzymes (bAS, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154) were identified as differentially expressed proteins and remarkably upregulated in the salt-stressed group. Combining these results with the contents of 14 bioactive constituents, we also found that the expression patterns of those structural proteins were logically consistent with changes in bioactive constituent profiles. Thus, we believe that suitable salt stress increased the accumulation of bioactive constituents in licorice by upregulating proteins involved in the related biosynthesis pathways. This work provided valuable proteomic information for unraveling the molecular mechanism of flavonoid and glycyrrhizin metabolism and offered fundamental resources for quality breeding in licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lihong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhi Chen Cai
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing 210023 , China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Mengxia Tan
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lifang Wei
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- College of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
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