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Jorge JMP, Martins C, Domingos P, Martins TM, Hartmann DO, Goldman GH, Silva Pereira C. NmrB ( AN9181) expression is activated under oxidative stress conditions acting as a metabolic repressor of Aspergillus nidulans. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1373469. [PMID: 38699477 PMCID: PMC11063244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1373469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergilli comprise a diversity of species that have been extensively studied due to their catabolic diversity, biotechnological and ecological value, and pathogenicity. An impressive level of structural and functional conservation has been shown for aspergilli, regardless of many (yet) cryptic genomic elements. We have hypothesized the existence of conserved genes responsive to stress in aspergilli. To test the hypothesis of such conserved stress regulators in aspergilli, a straightforward computational strategy integrating well-established bioinformatic tools was used as the starting point. Specifically, five transcriptome-based datasets on exposure to organic compounds were used, covering three distinct Aspergillus species. Among the identified up-regulated genes, only one gene showed the same response in all conditions, AN9181. This gene encodes a protein containing a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase-like domain and a Nitrogen metabolite repressor regulator domain (NmrA). Deletion of this gene caused significant phenotypic alterations compared to that of the parental strain across diverse conditions. Specifically, the deletion of AN9181 raised the mutant's metabolic activity in different nitrogen sources. The acquired data supports that AN9181 acts by repressing (slowing down) A. nidulans growth when exposed to aromatic compounds in a concentration dependent manner. The same phenotype was observed for amphotericin B. Finally, AN9181 underwent differential upregulation under oxidative stress conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that AN9181, herein assigned as NmrB (Nitrogen Metabolite Repression Regulator B), builds up the genetic machinery of perception of oxidative stress by negatively regulating growth under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. P. Jorge
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Celso Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diego O. Hartmann
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zhao Y, Zeng R, Chen P, Huang C, Xu K, Huang X, Wang X. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Insights into the Effect of Sterigmatocystin on Aspergillus flavus. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1193. [PMID: 38132793 PMCID: PMC10745003 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an important fungus that produces aflatoxins, among which aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and contaminates food and poses a high risk to human health. AFB1 interacts with another mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STC), which is also a precursor of AFB1. Herein, we determined the effect of STC on AFB1 by evaluating A. flavus transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in the presence or absence of STC by RNA-seq and isobaric tagging, respectively. Overall, 3377 differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq. These genes were mainly associated with the cellular component organisation and biosynthesis, the synthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, and the synthesis of aflatoxin. Clustered genes responsible for AFB1 biosynthesis exhibited varying degrees of downregulation, and norB expression was completely suppressed in the experimental group. During proteomic analysis, 331 genes were differentially expressed in response to STC. These differentially expressed proteins were associated with cell parts and catalytic and antioxidant activities. Differentially expressed proteins predominantly participated in metabolic pathways associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glutathione metabolism, and carbon metabolism. Notably, the upregulated and downregulated enzymes in carbohydrate and glutathione metabolisms may serve as potential gateways for inhibiting aflatoxin biosynthesis. Moreover, twelve proteins including seven downregulated ones involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis were identified; among them, AflG was the most downregulated, suggesting that it may be the key enzyme responsible for inhibiting aflatoxin synthesis. These findings provide novel insights into A. flavus control and the mechanisms regulating mycotoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chulan Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaihang Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (P.C.); (C.H.); (K.X.); (X.H.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Noel D, Hallsworth JE, Gelhaye E, Darnet S, Sormani R, Morel-Rouhier M. Modes-of-action of antifungal compounds: Stressors and (target-site-specific) toxins, toxicants, or Toxin-stressors. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37191200 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi and antifungal compounds are relevant to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. However, the modes-of-action of antifungals-whether they are naturally occurring substances or anthropogenic fungicides-are often unknown or are misallocated in terms of their mechanistic category. Here, we consider the most effective approaches to identifying whether antifungal substances are cellular stressors, toxins/toxicants (that are target-site-specific), or have a hybrid mode-of-action as Toxin-stressors (that induce cellular stress yet are target-site-specific). This newly described 'toxin-stressor' category includes some photosensitisers that target the cell membrane and, once activated by light or ultraviolet radiation, cause oxidative damage. We provide a glossary of terms and a diagrammatic representation of diverse types of stressors, toxic substances, and Toxin-stressors, a classification that is pertinent to inhibitory substances not only for fungi but for all types of cellular life. A decision-tree approach can also be used to help differentiate toxic substances from cellular stressors (Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015 33: 228-259). For compounds that target specific sites in the cell, we evaluate the relative merits of using metabolite analyses, chemical genetics, chemoproteomics, transcriptomics, and the target-based drug-discovery approach (based on that used in pharmaceutical research), focusing on both ascomycete models and the less-studied basidiomycete fungi. Chemical genetic methods to elucidate modes-of-action currently have limited application for fungi where molecular tools are not yet available; we discuss ways to circumvent this bottleneck. We also discuss ecologically commonplace scenarios in which multiple substances act to limit the functionality of the fungal cell and a number of as-yet-unresolved questions about the modes-of-action of antifungal compounds pertaining to the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
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Tran TM, Atanasova V, Tardif C, Richard-Forget F. Stilbenoids as Promising Natural Product-Based Solutions in a Race against Mycotoxigenic Fungi: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5075-5092. [PMID: 36951872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins can pose a variety of adverse health effects to mammals. Despite dozens of mycotoxin decontamination strategies applied from pre- to postharvest stages, it is always challenging to guarantee a safe level of these natural toxic compounds in food and feedstuffs. In the context of the increased occurrence of drug-resistance strains of mycotoxin-producing fungi driven by the overuse of fungicides, the search for new natural-product-based solutions is a top priority. This review aims to shed a light on the promising potential of stilbenoids extracted from renewable agricultural wastes (e.g., grape canes and forestry byproducts) as antimycotoxin agents. Deeper insights into the mode of actions underlying the bioactivity of stilbenoid molecules against fungal pathogens, together with their roles in plant defense responses, are provided. Safety aspects of these natural compounds on humans and ecology are discussed. Perspectives on the development of stilbenoid-based formulations using encapsulation technology, which allows the bypassing of the limitations related to stilbenoids, particularly low aqueous solubility, are addressed. Optimistically, the knowledge gathered in the present review supports the use of currently underrated agricultural byproducts to produce stilbenoid-abundant extracts with a high efficiency in the mitigation of mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Tran
- RU 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- RU 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA), INRAE, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Charles Tardif
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Zhang D, Yang Y, Yao B, Hu T, Ma Z, Shi W, Ye Y. Curcumin inhibits Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production possibly by inducing ROS burst. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112646. [PMID: 37087237 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus contamination is common in various food and feed ingredients, and it poses to serious threats to human and animal health. Curcumin is a plant-derived polyphenol that exhibits antifungal activity. In this study, the antifungal effect of curcumin on A. flavus was evaluated, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Curcumin effectively decreased aflatoxin B1 synthesis and suppressed A. flavus infection in peanut. Curcumin inhibited the mycelial growth and sporulation of A. flavus. Ergosterol biosynthesis in A. flavus was suppressed, and cell membrane permeability was enhanced. The pathogenicity of A. flavus was also reduced by curcumin treatment. Curcumin induced ROS burst in the hyphae of A. flavus, and those damages could be reversed by exogenous superoxide dismutase, suggesting that curcumin inhibited A. flavus possibly via inducing oxidative stress. These results indicate that curcumin has the potential to be used as a preservative to control A. flavus contamination in food and feedstuff.
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Loi M, Logrieco AF, Pusztahelyi T, Leiter É, Hornok L, Pócsi I. Advanced mycotoxin control and decontamination techniques in view of an increased aflatoxin risk in Europe due to climate change. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1085891. [PMID: 36762096 PMCID: PMC9907446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1085891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. found in staple food and feed commodities worldwide. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, and pose a serious threat to the health of both humans and animals. The global economy and trade are significantly affected as well. Various models and datasets related to aflatoxins in maize have been developed and used but have not yet been linked. The prevention of crop loss due to aflatoxin contamination is complex and challenging. Hence, the set-up of advanced decontamination is crucial to cope with the challenge of climate change, growing population, unstable political scenarios, and food security problems also in European countries. After harvest, decontamination methods can be applied during transport, storage, or processing, but their application for aflatoxin reduction is still limited. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the effects of environmental factors on aflatoxin production because of climate change and to critically discuss the present-day and novel decontamination techniques to unravel gaps and limitations to propose them as a tool to tackle an increased aflatoxin risk in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Loi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy,*Correspondence: Martina Loi, ✉
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Leiter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Hornok
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rasouli H, Nayeri FD, Khodarahmi R. May phytophenolics alleviate aflatoxins-induced health challenges? A holistic insight on current landscape and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981984. [PMID: 36386916 PMCID: PMC9649842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The future GCC-connected environmental risk factors expedited the progression of nCDs. Indeed, the emergence of AFs is becoming a global food security concern. AFs are lethal carcinogenic mycotoxins, causing damage to the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal organs. Long-term exposure to AFs leads to liver cancer. Almost a variety of food commodities, crops, spices, herbaceous materials, nuts, and processed foods can be contaminated with AFs. In this regard, the primary sections of this review aim to cover influencing factors in the occurrence of AFs, the role of AFs in progression of nCDs, links between GCC/nCDs and exposure to AFs, frequency of AFs-based academic investigations, and world distribution of AFs. Next, the current trends in the application of PPs to alleviate AFs toxicity are discussed. Nearly, more than 20,000 published records indexed in scientific databases have been screened to find recent trends on AFs and application of PPs in AFs therapy. Accordingly, shifts in world climate, improper infrastructures for production/storage of food commodities, inconsistency of global polices on AFs permissible concentration in food/feed, and lack of the public awareness are accounting for a considerable proportion of AFs damages. AFs exhibited their toxic effects by triggering the progression of inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, in turn, leading to the onset of nCDs. PPs could decrease AFs-associated oxidative stress, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects by improving cellular antioxidant balance, regulation of signaling pathways, alleviating inflammatory responses, and modification of gene expression profile in a dose/time-reliant fashion. The administration of PPs alone displayed lower biological properties compared to co-treatment of these metabolites with AFs. This issue might highlight the therapeutic application of PPs than their preventative content. Flavonoids such as quercetin and oxidized tea phenolics, curcumin and resveratrol were the most studied anti-AFs PPs. Our literature review clearly disclosed that considering PPs in antioxidant therapies to alleviate complications of AFs requires improvement in their bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, tissue clearance, and off-target mode of action. Due to the emergencies in the elimination of AFs in food/feedstuffs, further large-scale clinical assessment of PPs to decrease the consequences of AFs is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hoppanová L, Dylíková J, Kováčik D, Medvecká V, Ďurina P, Kryštofová S, Hudecová D, Kaliňáková B. Non-thermal plasma induces changes in aflatoxin production, devitalization, and surface chemistry of Aspergillus parasiticus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2107-2119. [PMID: 35194655 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) represents the fourth state of matter composed of neutral molecules, atoms, ions, radicals, and electrons. It has been used by various industries for several decades, but only recently NTPs have emerged in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. In this work, we studied the effect of NTP exposure on aflatoxin production, conidial germination and mycelial vitality, morphological and surface changes of conidia and mycelium. When compared with colonies grown from untreated conidia, the colonies from NTP-treated conidia produced significantly higher levels of aflatoxins much earlier during development than colonies from untreated conidia. However, at the end of cultivation, both types of cultures yielded similar aflatoxin concentrations. The increase in the accumulation of aflatoxins was supported by high transcription levels of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes, which indicated a possibility that NTP treatment of conidia was having a longer-lasting effect on colony development and aflatoxins accumulation. NTP generated in the air at atmospheric pressure effectively devitalized Aspergillus parasiticus in conidia and hyphae within a few minutes of treatment. To describe devitalization kinetics, we applied Weibull and Hill models on sets of data collected at different exposure times during NTP treatment. The damage caused by NTP to hyphal cell wall structures was displayed by raptures visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that changes in cell envelope correlated with shifts in characteristic chemical bonds indicating dehydration, oxidation of lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides. Key points • Non-thermal plasma increases aflatoxin production shortly after treatment. • Non-thermal plasma rapidly devitalizes Aspergillus parasiticus. • Non-thermal plasma disrupts the cell surface and oxidizes biological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Hoppanová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,Department of Biophysics and Electrophysiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juliana Dylíková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Kováčik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Ďurina
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kryštofová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Hudecová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Kaliňáková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Sobolev VS, Walk TE, Arias RS, Massa AN, Orner VA, Lamb MC. Transformation of Major Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) Stilbenoid Phytoalexins Caused by Selected Microorganisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1101-1110. [PMID: 35061949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The peanut plant accumulates defensive stilbenoid phytoalexins in response to the presence of soil fungi, which in turn produce phytoalexin-detoxifying enzymes for successfully invading the plant host. Aspergillus spp. are opportunistic pathogens that invade peanut seeds; most common fungal species often produce highly carcinogenic aflatoxins. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the in vitro dynamics of peanut phytoalexin transformation/detoxification by important fungal species. This work revealed that in feeding experiments, Aspergillus spp. from section Flavi were capable of degrading the major peanut phytoalexin, arachidin-3, into its hydroxylated homolog, arachidin-1, and a benzenoid, SB-1. However, Aspergillus niger from section Nigri as well as other fungal and bacterial species tested, which are not known to be involved in the infection of the peanut plant, were incapable of changing the structure of arachidin-3. The results of feeding experiments with arachidin-1 and resveratrol are also reported. The research provided new knowledge on the dynamics of peanut stilbenoid transformations by essential fungi. These findings may contribute to the elucidation of the phytoalexin detoxification mechanism involved in the infection of peanut by important toxigenic Aspergillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Sobolev
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Travis E Walk
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Renee S Arias
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Alicia N Massa
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Valerie A Orner
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Marshall C Lamb
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
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Ahmed OS, Tardif C, Rouger C, Atanasova V, Richard‐Forget F, Waffo‐Téguo P. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds as promising antimycotoxin agents: Where are we now? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1161-1197. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Ahmed
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Charles Tardif
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
| | - Caroline Rouger
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- RU 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA) INRAE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | | | - Pierre Waffo‐Téguo
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
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11
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Costes LH, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Jamin EL, Genthon C, Bailly S, Oswald IP, Bailly JD, Puel O. The Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide Affects Physiology, Transcriptome and Secondary Metabolism of Aspergillus flavus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121055. [PMID: 34947037 PMCID: PMC8703953 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DSMO) is a simple molecule widely used because of its great solvating ability, but this solvent also has little-known biological effects, especially on fungi. Aspergillus flavus is a notorious pathogenic fungus which may contaminate a large variety of crops worldwide by producing aflatoxins, endangering at the same time food safety and international trade. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of DMSO on A. flavus including developmental parameters such as germination and sporulation, as well as its transcriptome profile using high-throughput RNA-sequencing assay and its impact on secondary metabolism (SM). After DMSO exposure, A. flavus displayed depigmented conidia in a dose-dependent manner. The four-day exposition of cultures to two doses of DMSO, chosen on the basis of depigmentation intensity (35 mM “low” and 282 mM “high”), led to no significant impact on fungal growth, germination or sporulation. However, transcriptomic data analysis showed that 4891 genes were differentially regulated in response to DMSO (46% of studied transcripts). A total of 4650 genes were specifically regulated in response to the highest dose of DMSO, while only 19 genes were modulated upon exposure to the lowest dose. Secondary metabolites clusters genes were widely affected by the DMSO, with 91% of clusters impacted at the highest dose. Among these, aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and ustiloxin B clusters were totally under-expressed. The genes belonging to the AFB1 cluster were the most negatively modulated ones, the two doses leading to 63% and 100% inhibition of the AFB1 production, respectively. The SM analysis also showed the disappearance of ustiloxin B and a 10-fold reduction of cyclopiazonic acid level when A. flavus was treated by the higher DMSO dose. In conclusion, the present study showed that DMSO impacted widely A. flavus’ transcriptome, including secondary metabolism gene clusters with the aflatoxins at the head of down-regulated ones. The solvent also inhibits conidial pigmentation, which could illustrate common regulatory mechanisms between aflatoxins and fungal pigment pathways. Because of its effect on major metabolites synthesis, DMSO should not be used as solvent especially in studies testing anti-aflatoxinogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H. Costes
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
| | - Yannick Lippi
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
| | - Claire Naylies
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
| | - Emilien L. Jamin
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Clémence Genthon
- INRAE, US1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Sylviane Bailly
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
| | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
| | - Jean-Denis Bailly
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivier Puel
- TOXALIM (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, EI-Purpan, Toulouse 31027, France; (L.H.C.); (Y.L.); (C.N.); (E.L.J.); (S.B.); (I.P.O.); (O.P.)
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12
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Chang P, Tai B, Zheng M, Yang Q, Xing F. Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production by natamycin. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus causes huge crop losses, reduces crop quality and has adverse effects on human and animal health. A large amount of food contaminated with aflatoxin can greatly increase the risk of liver cancer. Therefore, prevention and control of aflatoxin production have aroused attention of research in various countries. Natamycin extracted from Streptomyces spp. has been widely used in production practice due to its good specificity and safety. Here, we found that natamycin could significantly inhibit fungal growth, conidia germination, ergosterol and AFB1 production by A. flavus in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the number of conidia was decreased, the outer wall of conidia was destroyed, and the mycelia were shrivelled and tangled by natamycin. RNA-Seq data indicated that natamycin inhibited fungal growth and conidia development of A. flavus by significantly down-regulating some genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, such as Erg13, HMG1 and HMG2. It inhibited conidia germination by significantly down-regulating some genes related to conidia development, such as FluG and VosA. After natamycin exposure, the decreased ratio of aflS/aflR caused by the down-regulation of all the structural genes, which subsequently resulted in the suppression of AFB1 production. In conclusion, this study served to reveal the inhibitory mechanisms of natamycin on fungal growth and AFB1 biosynthesis in A. flavus and to provide solid evidence for its application in controlling AFB1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China P.R
| | - B. Tai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China P.R
| | - M. Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China P.R
| | - Q. Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China P.R
| | - F. Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China P.R
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China P.R
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Matumba L, Namaumbo S, Ngoma T, Meleke N, De Boevre M, Logrieco AF, De Saeger S. Five keys to prevention and control of mycotoxins in grains: A proposal. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Gallo A, Perrone G. Current Approaches for Advancement in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157878. [PMID: 34360643 PMCID: PMC8346063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are able to synthesise a remarkable range of secondary metabolites, which play various key roles in the interaction between fungi and the rest of the biosphere, determining their ecological fitness. Many of them can have a beneficial activity to be exploited, as well as negative impact on human and animal health, as in the case of mycotoxins contaminating large quantities of food, feed, and agricultural products worldwide and posing serious health and economic risks. The elucidation of the molecular aspects of mycotoxin biosynthesis has been greatly sped up over the past decade due to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, which greatly reduced the cost of genome sequencing and related omic analyses. Here, we briefly highlight the recent progress in the use and integration of omic approaches for the study of mycotoxins biosynthesis. Particular attention has been paid to genomics and transcriptomic approaches for the identification and characterisation of biosynthetic gene clusters of mycotoxins and the understanding of the regulatory pathways activated in response to physiological and environmental factors leading to their production. The latest innovations in genome-editing technology have also provided a more powerful tool for the complete explanation of regulatory and biosynthesis pathways. Finally, we address the crucial issue of the interpretation of the combined omics data on the biology of the mycotoxigenic fungi. They are rapidly expanding and require the development of resources for more efficient integration, as well as the completeness and the availability of intertwined data for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (G.P.)
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15
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Ke C, Wei L, Wang M, Li Q, Liu X, Guo Y, Li S. Effect of NaCl addition on the production of welan gum with the UV mutant of Sphingomonas sp. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118110. [PMID: 33966819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of its excellent stability, non-toxicity, biodegradability and unique rheology, welan gum can be widely used in various fields, such as petroleum, biomedicine and food products. In this study, a high-yield mutant strain FM01-S09 was screened through two rounds of UV mutagenesis. Remarkably, the production of welan gum could be further increased by adding 4 mM NaCl at 32 h fermentation, reaching 30.12 ± 0.25 g/L (28.66% higher than no adding), and the NaCl-WG solution had stronger structural, impact resistance, and temperature resistance than H2O2-WG and WG solutions. Furthermore, the mechanism by which NaCl promotes welan gum synthesis was also investigated. It was found that cell membrane characteristics, intracellular microenvironment makeup, and key enzyme gene expression levels were significantly altered in different fermentation stages. Therefore, the addition of NaCl could effectively promote the growth and fermentation performance of Sphingomonas sp., providing a novel strategy for cost-effective welan gum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhu Ke
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lulu Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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16
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Soni P, Gangurde SS, Ortega-Beltran A, Kumar R, Parmar S, Sudini HK, Lei Y, Ni X, Huai D, Fountain JC, Njoroge S, Mahuku G, Radhakrishnan T, Zhuang W, Guo B, Liao B, Singam P, Pandey MK, Bandyopadhyay R, Varshney RK. Functional Biology and Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions for Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:227. [PMID: 32194520 PMCID: PMC7063101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by soilborne saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus and closely related species that infect several agricultural commodities including groundnut and maize. The consumption of contaminated commodities adversely affects the health of humans and livestock. Aflatoxin contamination also causes significant economic and financial losses to producers. Research efforts and significant progress have been made in the past three decades to understand the genetic behavior, molecular mechanisms, as well as the detailed biology of host-pathogen interactions. A range of omics approaches have facilitated better understanding of the resistance mechanisms and identified pathways involved during host-pathogen interactions. Most of such studies were however undertaken in groundnut and maize. Current efforts are geared toward harnessing knowledge on host-pathogen interactions and crop resistant factors that control aflatoxin contamination. This study provides a summary of the recent progress made in enhancing the understanding of the functional biology and molecular mechanisms associated with host-pathogen interactions during aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hari K. Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yong Lei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jake C. Fountain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Samuel Njoroge
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Zhao Y, Zhang C, Folly YME, Chang J, Wang Y, Zhou L, Zhang H, Liu Y. Morphological and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Inhibitory Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E636. [PMID: 31683906 PMCID: PMC6891564 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum, as a natural bio-preservative, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. In this study, 22 L. plantarum strains were tested against the aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus flavus; strain IAMU80070 showed the highest antifungal activity. At a concentration of 5 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) mL-1, it completely inhibited A. flavus growth and decreased aflatoxin production by 93%. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination showed that IAMU80070 destroyed the cellular structure of hyphae and spores. To explore the inhibitory effect of IAMU80070 on A. flavus at the transcriptional level, transcriptome data were obtained and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The aflatoxin biosynthetic process was the most significantly downregulated functional category, while genes implicated in the synthesis and organization of cell wall polysaccharides were upregulated. Quantitative real-time PCR results verified the credibility and reliability of the RNA sequencing data. These results provided insight into the transcriptome of A. flavus in response to the antagonistic effects of L. plantarum IAMU80070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueju Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yawa Minnie Elodie Folly
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinghua Chang
- College of Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Biological Testing and Analysis Department, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 51000, China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Nayak JJ, Gajjar PD, Basha SM, Naik KSS. Interrelationship between stilbene producing ability and Aspergillus colonization on selected peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3146/ps19-4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Stilbenes are phytoalexins expressed by plants to avoid/resist certain biotic and abiotic stresses. This study was envisioned to determine the interrelationship between stilbenes producing ability of peanut genotypes and Aspergillus colonization level. Stilbenes were induced in peanut cotyledon in vitro by soaking in water, cutting them into thin slices, and subsequently challenging them with Aspergillus flavus. Fungal colonization was then measured in the cotyledon slices. The results showed major differences in fungal colonization levels between the control (seed without stilbene induction) and stilbenes-induced seeds. This finding was further validated using twenty peanut genotypes to ensure the relationship between stilbenes producing ability of the seed and fungal colonization level. The result showed that of the 20 genotypes tested, seeds of genotypes K1504, K1620 and K1632 showed minimal fungal colonization compared to control seed (without stilbenes induction), while genotypes DRT40, Kadiri-7, Narayani, DRT43 and Tirupati-3 showed no fungal colonization. The differences in stilbenes content and composition of cotyledon slices was determined by HPLC to assess genetic differences in their stilbenes producing ability. Comparative evaluation of these data showed that the genotypes that showed no fungal colonization expressed significantly higher amounts of stilbenes compared to genotypes which expressed relatively lower amounts of stilbenes. Overall, these data suggest that the genotypes expressing high amounts of stilbenes were able to mitigate fungal colonization while the genotypes expressing relatively lower amounts of stilbenes sustained fungal colonization, which indicates that this technique may be useful for screening breeding population to identify genotypes capable of avoiding Aspergillus colonization and aflatoxin contamination.
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Aspergillus flavus NRRL 35739, a Poor Biocontrol Agent, May Have Increased Relative Expression of Stress Response Genes. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5020053. [PMID: 31226781 PMCID: PMC6616650 DOI: 10.3390/jof5020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol of the mycotoxin aflatoxin utilizes non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, which have variable success rates as biocontrol agents. One non-aflatoxigenic strain, NRRL 35739, is a notably poor biocontrol agent. Its growth in artificial cultures and on peanut kernels was found to be slower than that of two aflatoxigenic strains, and NRRL 35739 exhibited less sporulation when grown on peanuts. The non-aflatoxigenic strain did not greatly prevent aflatoxin accumulation. Comparison of the transcriptomes of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains AF36, AF70, NRRL 3357, NRRL 35739, and WRRL 1519 indicated that strain NRRL 35739 had increased relative expression of six heat shock and stress response proteins, with the genes having relative read counts in NRRL 35739 that were 25 to 410 times more than in the other four strains. These preliminary findings tracked with current thought that aflatoxin biocontrol efficacy is related to the ability of a non-aflatoxigenic strain to out-compete aflatoxigenic ones. The slower growth of NRRL 35739 might be due to lower stress tolerance or overexpression of stress response(s). Further study of NRRL 35739 is needed to refine our understanding of the genetic basis of competitiveness among A. flavus strains.
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Sobolev V, Walk T, Arias R, Massa A, Lamb M. Inhibition of Aflatoxin Formation in Aspergillus Species by Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea) Seed Stilbenoids in the Course of Peanut-Fungus Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6212-6221. [PMID: 31099566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Common soil fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are opportunistic pathogens that invade preharvest peanut seeds. These fungi often produce carcinogenic aflatoxins that pose a threat to human and animal health through food chains and cause significant economic losses worldwide. Detection of aflatoxins and further processing of crops are mandated to ensure that contaminated agricultural products do not enter food channels. Under favorable conditions, the fungus-challenged peanut seeds produce phytoalexins, structurally related stilbenoids, capable of retarding fungal development. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential influence of peanut phytoalexins on fungal development and aflatoxin formation in the course of peanut-fungus interaction. The present research revealed that during such interaction, aflatoxin formation was completely suppressed in A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains tested, when low concentrations of spores were introduced to wounded preincubated peanuts. In most of the experiments, when fungal spore concentrations were 2 orders of magnitude higher, the spores germinated and produced aflatoxins. Of all experimental seeds that showed fungal growth, 57.7% were aflatoxin-free after 72 h of incubation. The research provided new knowledge on the aflatoxin/phytoalexin formation in the course of peanut-fungus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sobolev
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Travis Walk
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Renee Arias
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Alicia Massa
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
| | - Marshall Lamb
- National Peanut Research Laboratory , Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson , Georgia 39842 , United States
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21
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Pandey MK, Kumar R, Pandey AK, Soni P, Gangurde SS, Sudini HK, Fountain JC, Liao B, Desmae H, Okori P, Chen X, Jiang H, Mendu V, Falalou H, Njoroge S, Mwololo J, Guo B, Zhuang W, Wang X, Liang X, Varshney RK. Mitigating Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut through A Combination of Genetic Resistance and Post-Harvest Management Practices. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E315. [PMID: 31163657 PMCID: PMC6628460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is considered a "hidden poison" due to its slow and adverse effect on various biological pathways in humans, particularly among children, in whom it leads to delayed development, stunted growth, liver damage, and liver cancer. Unfortunately, the unpredictable behavior of the fungus as well as climatic conditions pose serious challenges in precise phenotyping, genetic prediction and genetic improvement, leaving the complete onus of preventing aflatoxin contamination in crops on post-harvest management. Equipping popular crop varieties with genetic resistance to aflatoxin is key to effective lowering of infection in farmer's fields. A combination of genetic resistance for in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) and aflatoxin production together with pre- and post-harvest management may provide a sustainable solution to aflatoxin contamination. In this context, modern "omics" approaches, including next-generation genomics technologies, can provide improved and decisive information and genetic solutions. Preventing contamination will not only drastically boost the consumption and trade of the crops and products across nations/regions, but more importantly, stave off deleterious health problems among consumers across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Arun K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Sunil S Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Hari K Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
| | - Jake C Fountain
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haile Desmae
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Bamako BP 320, Mali.
| | - Patrick Okori
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Crops Research Institute (CRI) of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Hamidou Falalou
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Niamey BP 12404, Niger.
| | - Samuel Njoroge
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - James Mwololo
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Lilongwe PB 1096, Malawi.
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250108, China.
| | - Xuanqiang Liang
- Crops Research Institute (CRI) of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India.
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22
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Preparation, characterization and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of chitosan packaging films incorporated with turmeric essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:420-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li XM, Li ZY, Wang YD, Wang JQ, Yang PL. Quercetin Inhibits the Proliferation and Aflatoxins Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030154. [PMID: 30857280 PMCID: PMC6468572 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work of quercetin’s anti-proliferation action on A. flavus, we revealed that quercetin can effectively hamper the proliferation of A. flavus in dose-effect and time-effect relationships. We tested whether quercetin induced apoptosis in A. flavus via various detection methods, such as phosphatidylserine externalization and Hoechst 33342 staining. The results showed that quercetin had no effect on phosphatidylserine externalization and cell nucleus in A. flavus. Simultaneously, quercetin reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the A. flavus response to quercetin, the RNA-Seq was used to explore the transcriptomic profiles of A. flavus. According to transcriptome sequencing data, quercetin inhibits the proliferation and aflatoxin biosynthesis by regulating the expression of development-related genes and aflatoxin production-related genes. These results will provide some theoretical basis for quercetin as an anti-mildew agent resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Pei-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing 100081, China.
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24
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Xie H, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhang W, Jiang J, Chang PK, Chen ZY, Bhatnagar D, Zhang Q, Li P. Monitoring Metabolite Production of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis by Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometry and a D-Optimal Mixture Design Method. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14331-14338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huali Xie
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Perng-Kuang Chang
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Aflatoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430061, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430061, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Aspergillus flavus Secondary Metabolites: More than Just Aflatoxins. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2018; 6:7-32. [PMID: 32231944 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is best known for producing the family of potent carcinogenic secondary metabolites known as aflatoxins. However, this opportunistic plant and animal pathogen also produces numerous other secondary metabolites, many of which have also been shown to be toxic. While about forty of these secondary metabolites have been identified from A. flavus cultures, analysis of the genome has predicted the existence of at least 56 secondary metabolite gene clusters. Many of these gene clusters are not expressed during growth of the fungus on standard laboratory media. This presents researchers with a major challenge of devising novel strategies to manipulate the fungus and its genome so as to activate secondary metabolite gene expression and allow identification of associated cluster metabolites. In this review, we discuss the genetic, biochemical and bioinformatic methods that are being used to identify previously uncharacterized secondary metabolite gene clusters and their associated metabolites. It is important to identify as many of these compounds as possible to determine their bioactivity with respect to fungal development, survival, virulence and especially with respect to any potential synergistic toxic effects with aflatoxin.
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26
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Bhatnagar D, Rajasekaran K, Gilbert M, Cary J, Magan N. Advances in molecular and genomic research to safeguard food and feed supply from aflatoxin contamination. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide recognition that aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is a global problem has significantly benefitted from global collaboration for understanding the contaminating fungus, as well as for developing and implementing solutions against the contamination. The effort to address this serious food and feed safety issue has led to a detailed understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, physiology, genomics and evolution of A. flavus, as well as strategies to reduce or control pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, including (1) biological control, using atoxigenic aspergilli, (2) proteomic and genomic analyses for identifying resistance factors in maize as potential breeding markers to enable development of resistant maize lines, and (3) enhancing host-resistance by bioengineering of susceptible crops, such as cotton, maize, peanut and tree nuts. A post-harvest measure to prevent the occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in storage is also an important component for reducing exposure of populations worldwide to aflatoxins in food and feed supplies. The effect of environmental changes on aflatoxin contamination levels has recently become an important aspect for study to anticipate future contamination levels. The ability of A. flavus to produce dozens of secondary metabolites, in addition to aflatoxins, has created a new avenue of research for understanding the role these metabolites play in the survival and biodiversity of this fungus. The understanding of A. flavus, the aflatoxin contamination problem, and control measures to prevent the contamination has become a unique example for an integrated approach to safeguard global food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhatnagar
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - K. Rajasekaran
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - M. Gilbert
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - J.W. Cary
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - N. Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield University, MK45 4DT, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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Sobolev V, Arias R, Goodman K, Walk T, Orner V, Faustinelli P, Massa A. Suppression of Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus Species by Selected Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Stilbenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:118-126. [PMID: 29207242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a soil fungus that commonly invades peanut seeds and often produces carcinogenic aflatoxins. Under favorable conditions, the fungus-challenged peanut plant produces and accumulates resveratrol and its prenylated derivatives in response to such an invasion. These prenylated stilbenoids are considered peanut antifungal phytoalexins. However, the mechanism of peanut-fungus interaction has not been sufficiently studied. We used pure peanut stilbenoids arachidin-1, arachidin-3, and chiricanine A to study their effects on the viability of and metabolite production by several important toxigenic Aspergillus species. Significant reduction or virtually complete suppression of aflatoxin production was revealed in feeding experiments in A. flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius. Changes in morphology, spore germination, and growth rate were observed in A. flavus exposed to the selected peanut stilbenoids. Elucidation of the mechanism of aflatoxin suppression by peanut stilbenoids could provide strategies for preventing plant invasion by the fungi that produce aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sobolev
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Renee Arias
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Kerestin Goodman
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Travis Walk
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Valerie Orner
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Paola Faustinelli
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
| | - Alicia Massa
- National Peanut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , P.O. Box 509, Dawson, Georgia 39842, United States
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28
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Šimončicová J, Kaliňáková B, Kryštofová S. Aflatoxins: biosynthesis, prevention and eradication. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acs-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Filamentous fungi belonging to Aspergilli genera produce many compounds through various biosynthetic pathways. These compounds include a spectrum of products with beneficial medical properties (lovastatin) as well as those that are toxic and/or carcinogenic which are called mycotoxins. Aspergillus flavus, one of the most abundant soil-borne fungi, is a saprobe that is able growing on many organic nutrient sources, such as peanuts, corn and cotton seed. In many countries, food contamination by A. flavus is a huge problem, mainly due to the production of the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds known as aflatoxins. In this paper, we briefly cover current progress in aflatoxin biosynthesis and regulation, pre- and postharvest preventive measures, and decontamination procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Šimončicová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kaliňáková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Kryštofová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
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29
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Yang T, Fang L, Sanders S, Jayanthi S, Rajan G, Podicheti R, Thallapuranam SK, Mockaitis K, Medina-Bolivar F. Stilbenoid prenyltransferases define key steps in the diversification of peanut phytoalexins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:28-46. [PMID: 29158266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to biotic and abiotic stresses include the synthesis of prenylated stilbenoids. Members of this compound class show several protective activities in human disease studies, and the list of potential therapeutic targets continues to expand. Despite their medical and biological importance, the biosynthetic pathways of prenylated stilbenoids remain to be elucidated, and the genes encoding stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferases have yet to be identified in any plant species. In this study, we combined targeted transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to discover prenyltransferase genes in elicitor-treated peanut hairy root cultures. Transcripts encoding five enzymes were identified, and two of these were functionally characterized in a transient expression system consisting of Agrobacterium-infiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana We observed that one of these prenyltransferases, AhR4DT-1, catalyzes a key reaction in the biosynthesis of prenylated stilbenoids, in which resveratrol is prenylated at its C-4 position to form arachidin-2, whereas another, AhR3'DT-1, added the prenyl group to C-3' of resveratrol. Each of these prenyltransferases was highly specific for stilbenoid substrates, and we confirmed their subcellular location in the plastid by fluorescence microscopy. Structural analysis of the prenylated stilbenoids suggested that these two prenyltransferase activities represent the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of a large number of prenylated stilbenoids and their derivatives in peanut. In summary, we have identified five candidate prenyltransferases in peanut and confirmed that two of them are stilbenoid-specific, advancing our understanding of this specialized enzyme family and shedding critical light onto the biosynthesis of bioactive stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Yang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401; Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401
| | - Lingling Fang
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401
| | - Sheri Sanders
- Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Srinivas Jayanthi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 47408
| | - Gayathri Rajan
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Ram Podicheti
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | | | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401; Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401.
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30
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Deep sequencing analysis of transcriptomes in Aspergillus oryzae in response to salinity stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:897-906. [PMID: 29101425 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the changes after various stimuli is crucial to comprehend the adaptation of cells to the changing condition. Aspergillus oryzae is widely used for the industrial production of soy sauce, which always encounter changes within a complex environment, such as salinity stress. However, the protective biochemical mechanisms of A. oryzae against salinity stress are poorly understood. In this study, we successfully characterized the fermentative behavior, transcriptomic profiles, and metabolite changes of A. oryzae in response to salinity stress. The results showed that salt treatment of A. oryzae inhibited the fungal development and conidia formation. Transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulated expression of the genes related to arginine accumulation and oleic acid synthesis. The results of qRT-PCR were further confirmed by the reliability and availability of the differentially expressed genes obtained from the transcriptome analysis. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the corresponding intracellular accumulation of arginine and oleic acid were also increased in response to the salinity stress. All of the results provide a global transcriptome characterization of the salt adaptation process in A. oryzae, and offer multiple target genes for salt tolerance improvement via genetic engineering.
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Nayak SN, Agarwal G, Pandey MK, Sudini HK, Jayale AS, Purohit S, Desai A, Wan L, Guo B, Liao B, Varshney RK. Aspergillus flavus infection triggered immune responses and host-pathogen cross-talks in groundnut during in-vitro seed colonization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9659. [PMID: 28851929 PMCID: PMC5574979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination, caused by fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus, is a major quality and health problem delimiting the trade and consumption of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. RNA-seq approach was deployed to understand the host-pathogen interaction by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for resistance to in-vitro seed colonization (IVSC) at four critical stages after inoculation in J 11 (resistant) and JL 24 (susceptible) genotypes of groundnut. About 1,344.04 million sequencing reads have been generated from sixteen libraries representing four stages in control and infected conditions. About 64% and 67% of quality filtered reads (1,148.09 million) were mapped onto A (A. duranensis) and B (A. ipaёnsis) subgenomes of groundnut respectively. About 101 million unaligned reads each from J 11 and JL 24 were used to map onto A. flavus genome. As a result, 4,445 DEGs including defense-related genes like senescence-associated proteins, resveratrol synthase, 9s-lipoxygenase, pathogenesis-related proteins were identified. In A. flavus, about 578 DEGs coding for growth and development of fungus, aflatoxin biosynthesis, binding, transport, and signaling were identified in compatible interaction. Besides identifying candidate genes for IVSC resistance in groundnut, the study identified the genes involved in host-pathogen cross-talks and markers that can be used in breeding resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spurthi N Nayak
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, USA
- University of Georgia, Department of Plant Pathology, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hari K Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashwin S Jayale
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shilp Purohit
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aarthi Desai
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Liyun Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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32
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Different substrate regimes determine transcriptional profiles and gene co-expression in Methanosarcina barkeri (DSM 800). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7303-7316. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Lv Y. Proteome-wide profiling of protein lysine acetylation in Aspergillus flavus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178603. [PMID: 28582408 PMCID: PMC5459447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is a prevalent post-translational modification that plays pivotal roles in various biological processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Aspergillus flavus, as an aflatoxin-producing fungus, has attracted tremendous attention due to its health impact on agricultural commodities. Here, we performed the first lysine-acetylome mapping in this filamentous fungus using immune-affinity-based purification integrated with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, we identified 1383 lysine-acetylation sites in 652 acetylated proteins, which account for 5.18% of the total proteins in A. flavus. According to bioinformatics analysis, the acetylated proteins are involved in various cellular processes involving the ribosome, carbon metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis, secondary metabolites, and the citrate cycle and are distributed in diverse subcellular locations. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time the acetylation of fatty acid synthase α and β encoded by aflA and aflB involved in the aflatoxin-biosynthesis pathway (cluster 54), as well as backbone enzymes from secondary metabolite clusters 20 and 21 encoded by AFLA_062860 and AFLA_064240, suggesting important roles for acetylation associated with these processes. Our findings illustrating abundant lysine acetylation in A. flavus expand our understanding of the fungal acetylome and provided insight into the regulatory roles of acetylation in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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34
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Valette N, Perrot T, Sormani R, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. Antifungal activities of wood extractives. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Interactions between water activity and temperature on the Aspergillus flavus transcriptome and aflatoxin B 1 production. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 256:36-44. [PMID: 28582664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effects of Aspergillus flavus colonization of maize kernels under different water activities (aw; 0.99 and 0.91) and temperatures (30, 37°C) on (a) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production and (b) the transcriptome using RNAseq were examined. There was no significant difference (p=0.05) in AFB1 production at 30 and 37°C and 0.99 aw. However, there was a significant (p=0.05) increase in AFB1 at 0.91 aw at 37°C when compared with 30°C/0.99 aw. Environmental stress effects using gene ontology enrichment analysis of the RNA-seq results for increasing temperature at 0.99 and 0.91 aw showed differential expression of 2224 and 481 genes, respectively. With decreasing water availability, 4307 were affected at 30°C and 702 genes at 37°C. Increasing temperature from 30 to 37°C at both aw levels resulted in 12 biological processes being upregulated and 9 significantly downregulated. Decreasing aw at both temperatures resulted in 22 biological processes significantly upregulated and 25 downregulated. The interacting environmental factors influenced functioning of the secondary metabolite gene clusters for aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). An elevated number of genes were co-regulated by both aw and temperature. An interaction effect for 4 of the 25 AFB1 genes, including regulatory and transcription activators occurred. For CPA, all 5 biosynthetic genes were affected by aw stress, regardless of temperature. The molecular regulation of A. flavus in maize is discussed.
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Manuscript title: antifungal proteins from moulds: analytical tools and potential application to dry-ripened foods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6991-7000. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang H, Lei Y, Wan L, Yan L, Lv J, Dai X, Ren X, Guo W, Jiang H, Liao B. Comparative transcript profiling of resistant and susceptible peanut post-harvest seeds in response to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 26922489 PMCID: PMC4769821 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) including in pre- and post-harvest stages seriously affects industry development and human health. Even though resistance to aflatoxin production in post-harvest peanut has been identified, its molecular mechanism has been poorly understood. To understand the mechanism of peanut response to aflatoxin production by A. flavus, RNA-seq was used for global transcriptome profiling of post-harvest seed of resistant (Zhonghua 6) and susceptible (Zhonghua 12) peanut genotypes under the fungus infection and aflatoxin production stress. RESULT A total of 128.72 Gb of high-quality bases were generated and assembled into 128, 725 unigenes (average length 765 bp). About 62, 352 unigenes (48.43%) were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein sequences, NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences, Swiss-Prot, KEGG Ortholog, Protein family, Gene Ontology, or eukaryotic Ortholog Groups database and more than 93% of the unigenes were expressed in the samples. Among obtained 30, 143 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs), 842 potential defense-related genes, including nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat proteins, polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins, leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase, transcription factors, ADP-ribosylation factors, pathogenesis-related proteins and crucial factors of other defense-related pathways, might contribute to peanut response to aflatoxin production. Notably, DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid-derived compounds biosynthetic pathway were induced to higher levels in the resistant genotype than in the susceptible one. Flavonoid, stilbenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched only in the resistant genotype. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first comprehensive analysis of transcriptome of post-harvest peanut seeds in response to aflatoxin production, and would contribute to better understanding of molecular interaction between peanut and A. flavus. The data generated in this study would be a valuable resource for genetic and genomic studies on crops resistance to aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Liyun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jianwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Wang H, Lei Y, Yan L, Wan L, Ren X, Chen S, Dai X, Guo W, Jiang H, Liao B. Functional Genomic Analysis of Aspergillus flavus Interacting with Resistant and Susceptible Peanut. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:46. [PMID: 26891328 PMCID: PMC4773799 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus)-peanut pathosystem, development and metabolism of the fungus directly influence aflatoxin contamination. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanism of A. flavus interaction with peanut, RNA-seq was used for global transcriptome profiling of A. flavus during interaction with resistant and susceptible peanut genotypes. In total, 67.46 Gb of high-quality bases were generated for A. flavus-resistant (af_R) and -susceptible peanut (af_S) at one (T1), three (T2) and seven (T3) days post-inoculation. The uniquely mapped reads to A. flavus reference genome in the libraries of af_R and af_S at T2 and T3 were subjected to further analysis, with more than 72% of all obtained genes expressed in the eight libraries. Comparison of expression levels both af_R vs. af_S and T2 vs. T3 uncovered 1926 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs associated with mycelial growth, conidial development and aflatoxin biosynthesis were up-regulated in af_S compared with af_R, implying that A. flavus mycelia more easily penetrate and produce much more aflatoxin in susceptible than in resistant peanut. Our results serve as a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of aflatoxin production differences between A. flavus-R and -S peanut, and offer new clues to manage aflatoxin contamination in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Liyun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Silong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences-International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Joint Laboratory for Groundnut Aflatoxin Management, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
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