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Zhao M, Wang T, Cai X, Li G, Li N, Zhou H. LncRNA and mRNA expression characteristic and bioinformatic analysis in myocardium of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:312. [PMID: 38532337 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is becoming a very well-known clinical entity and leads to increased heart failure in diabetic patients. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of DCM. In the present study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were illuminated in myocardium from DCM mice, with purpose of exploring probable pathological processes of DCM involved by differentially expressed genes in order to provide a new direction for the future researches of DCM. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 93 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts and 881 mRNA transcripts were aberrantly expressed in db/db mice compared with the controls. The top 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs like up-regulated Hmga1b, Gm8909, Gm50252 and down-regulated Msantd4, 4933413J09Rik, Gm41414 have not yet been reported in DCM. The lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression network analysis showed that LncRNA 2610507I01Rik, 2310015A16Rik, Gm10503, A930015D03Rik and Gm48483 were the most relevant to differentially expressed mRNAs. CONCLUSION Our results showed that db/db DCM mice exist differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in hearts. These differentially expressed lncRNAs may be involved in the pathological process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Xinhua District, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Xinhua District, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoning Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 1, Wenhua Road, Dongchangfu District, 252000, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Guizhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Xinhua District, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Xinhua District, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Xinhua District, 050000, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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2
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Nguyen Thi YV, Ho TT, Caglayan S, Ramasamy TS, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for treatment of diabetes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:287-300. [PMID: 38360004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is an ongoing global problem as it affects health of more than 537 million people around the world. Diabetes leaves many serious complications that affect patients and can cause death if not detected and treated promptly. Some of the complications of diabetes include impaired vascular system, increased risk of stroke, neurological diseases that cause pain and numbness, diseases related to the retina leading to blindness, and other complications affecting kidneys, heart failure, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy. All complications of diabetes seriously affect the health of patients. Recently, gene therapy has emerged as a viable treatment strategy for various diseases. DNA and RNA are among the target molecules that can change the structure and function of proteins and are effective methods of treating diseases, especially genetically inherited diseases. RNA therapeutics has attracted deep interest as it has been approved for application in the treatment of functional system disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular dystrophy. In this review, we cover the types of RNA therapies considered for treatment of diabetes. In particular, we delve into the mechanism of action of RNA therapies for diabetes, and studies involving testing of these RNA therapies. Finally, we have highlighted the limitations of the current understanding in the mechanism of action of RNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Vy Nguyen Thi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Tien Ho
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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3
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Wang L, Wang H, Luo Y, Wu W, Gui Y, Zhao J, Xiong R, Li X, Yuan D, Yuan C. Role of LncRNA MIAT in Diabetic Complications. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1716-1725. [PMID: 37711129 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230914091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) refers to a large class of RNAs with over 200 nucleotides that do not have the function of encoding proteins. In recent years, more and more literature has revealed that lncRNA is involved in manipulating genes related to human health and disease, playing outstanding biological functions, which has attracted widespread attention from researchers. The newly discovered long-stranded non-coding RNA myocardial infarction-related transcript (LncRNA MIAT) is abnormally expressed in a variety of diseases, especially in diabetic complications, and has been proven to have a wide range of effects. This review article aimed to summarize the importance of LncRNA MIAT in diabetic complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy, and highlight the latest findings on the pathway and mechanism of its participation in regulating diabetic complications, which may aid in finding new intervention targets for the treatment of diabetic complications. LncRNA MIAT competitively binds microRNAs to regulate gene expression as competitive endogenous RNAs. Thus, this review article has reviewed the biological function and pathogenesis of LncRNA MIAT in diabetic complications and described its role in diabetic complications. This paper will help in finding new therapeutic targets and intervention strategies for diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yiyang Luo
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yibei Gui
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Ruisi Xiong
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
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da Cunha Agostini L, Almeida TC, da Silva GN. ANRIL, H19 and TUG1: a review about critical long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:31. [PMID: 38155319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. They are non-transmissible diseases that affect the cardiovascular system and have different etiologies such as smoking, lipid disorders, diabetes, stress, sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors. To date, lncRNAs have been associated with increased susceptibility to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, angina and heart failure. In this way, lncRNAs are becoming a very promising point for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review highlights the most important and recent discoveries about the mechanisms of action of the lncRNAs ANRIL, H19 and TUG1 and their clinical relevance in these pathologies. This may contribute to early detection of cardiovascular diseases in order to prevent the pathological phenotype from becoming established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia da Cunha Agostini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha Almeida
- Escola Superior Instituto Butantan (ESIB), Laboratório de Dor e Sinalização, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenda Nicioli da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, s/nº, Ouro Prêto, Minas Gerais, CEP 35402-163, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas (DEACL), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Prêto, Brazil.
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5
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Wang T, Li N, Yuan L, Zhao M, Li G, Chen Y, Zhou H. MALAT1/miR-185-5p mediated high glucose-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2495-2506. [PMID: 37395157 PMCID: PMC10468660 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanism of lncRNA MALAT1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM models were confirmed in db/db mice. MiRNAs in myocardium were detected by miRNA sequencing. The interactions of miR-185-5p with MALAT1 and RhoA were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were cultured with 5.5 or 30 mmol/L D-glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of MALAT1-shRNA and fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor. MALAT1 and miR-185-5p expression were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were evaluated using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. SOD activity and MDA contents were measured. The ROCK activity, phosphorylation of Drp1S616 , mitofusin 2 and apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by JC-1. MALAT1 was significantly up-regulated while miR-185-5p was down-regulated in myocardium of db/db mice and HG-induced cardiomyocytes. MALAT1 regulated RhoA/ROCK pathway via sponging miR-185-5p in cardiomyocytes in HG. Knockdown of MALAT1 and fasudil all inhibited HG-induced oxidative stress, and alleviated imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. MALAT1 activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway via sponging miR-185-5p and mediated HG-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yuan
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guizhi Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangPeople's Republic of China
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6
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Dabral S, Khan IA, Pant T, Khan S, Prakash P, Parvez S, Saha N. Deciphering the Precise Target for Saroglitazar Associated Antiangiogenic Effect: A Computational Synergistic Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14985-15002. [PMID: 37151537 PMCID: PMC10157850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidiabetic drugs that have a secondary pharmacological effect on angiogenesis inhibition may help diabetic patients delay or avoid comorbidities caused by angiogenesis including malignancies. In recent studies, saroglitazar has exhibited antiangiogenic effects in diabetic retinopathy. The current study investigates the antiangiogenic effects of saroglitazar utilizing the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and then identifies its precise mode of action on system-level protein networks. To determine the regulatory effect of saroglitazar on the protein-protein interaction network (PIN), 104 target genes were retrieved and tested using an acid server and Swiss target prediction tools. A string-based interactome was created and analyzed using Cytoscape. It was determined that the constructed network was scale-free, making it biologically relevant. Upon topological analysis of the network, 37 targets were screened on the basis of centrality values. Submodularization of the interactome resulted in the formation of four clusters. A total of 20 common targets identified in topological analysis and modular analysis were filtered. A total of 20 targets were compiled and were integrated into the pathway enrichment analysis using ShinyGO. The majority of hub genes were associated with cancer and PI3-AKT signaling pathways. Molecular docking was utilized to reveal the most potent target, which was validated by using molecular dynamic simulations and immunohistochemical staining on the chicken CAM. The comprehensive study offers an alternate research paradigm for the investigation of antiangiogenic effects using CAM assays. This was followed by the identification of the precise off-target use of saroglitazar using system biology and network pharmacology to inhibit angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Dabral
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Imran Ahmd Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tarun Pant
- Department
of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Sabina Khan
- Department
of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Protein
Assembly Laboratory, JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department
of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life
Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nilanjan Saha
- Centre
for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life
Science, Jamia Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi 110062, India
- . Phone: 9873013366
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7
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Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Bosnjak ZJ. Clinical Relevance of lncRNA and Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidants as Therapeutic Options in Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040898. [PMID: 37107272 PMCID: PMC10135521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic imbalances and persistent hyperglycemia are widely recognized as driving forces for augmented cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus (DM), fostering the development of vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, specific therapeutic approaches capable of modulating oxidative milieu may provide a preventative and/or therapeutic benefit against the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes patients. Recent studies have demonstrated epigenetic alterations in circulating and tissue-specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures in vascular complications of DM regulating mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. Intriguingly, over the past decade mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for managing oxidative stress-induced diseases. Here, we review the present status of lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker and potential regulator of oxidative stress in vascular complications of DM. We also discuss the recent advances in using MTAs in different animal models and clinical trials. We summarize the prospects and challenges for the use of MTAs in treating vascular diseases and their application in translation medicine, which may be beneficial in MTA drug design development, and their application in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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8
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124613. [PMID: 36950696 PMCID: PMC10025540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies to mitigate the disease's debilitating effects. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients globally. DCMP manifests as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis before progressing to heart failure. Evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate diabetic cardiomyopathy-related processes such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation, emphasizing their heart-protective effects. This paper reviewed the literature data from animal and human studies on the non-trivial roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the context of DCMP in diabetes and demonstrated their future potential in DCMP treatment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Ning S, Zhang S, Guo Z. MicroRNA-494 regulates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1401-1411. [PMID: 36772911 PMCID: PMC10053280 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major cardiovascular complications of diabetes. However, the mechanism of DCM is not fully understood. Studies have confirmed that certain microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are key regulators of DCM. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-494 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy induced by high glucose (HG). METHODS AND RESULTS By establishing a rat DCM model and an HG-treated H9c2 cells injury model, cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, myocardial tissue was stained by immunohistochemistry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to detect the cardiomyocyte injury. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining, and western blotting was used to detect death and autophagy. The results showed that the expression level of miR-494 was higher in the myocardial tissue of DCM rats and the myocardial cells of H9c2 treated with HG. Compared with the corresponding negative control groups, miR-494 mimics enhanced HG-induced apoptosis and autophagy, whereas miR-494 inhibitors showed the opposite effect, corresponding PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation level has changed. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify that miR-494 could regulate cell apoptosis and autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, participating in the regulation of cardiomyocyte cell damage after HG. These findings provide new insights for the further study of the molecular mechanism and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ning
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, No. 17 Jingnan 5th Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450016, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, No. 17 Jingnan 5th Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450016, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, No. 17 Jingnan 5th Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450016, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Ye LF, Weng JY, Wu LD. Integrated genomic analysis defines molecular subgroups in dilated cardiomyopathy and identifies novel biomarkers based on machine learning methods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1050696. [PMID: 36824437 PMCID: PMC9941670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As the most common cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often leads to progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study was designed to investigate the molecular subgroups of DCM. Methods: Three datasets of DCM were downloaded from GEO database (GSE17800, GSE79962 and GSE3585). After log2-transformation and background correction with "limma" package in R software, the three datasets were merged into a metadata cohort. The consensus clustering was conducted by the "Consensus Cluster Plus" package to uncover the molecular subgroups of DCM. Moreover, clinical characteristics of different molecular subgroups were compared in detail. We also adopted Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis based on subgroup-specific signatures of gene expression profiles to further explore the specific gene modules of each molecular subgroup and its biological function. Two machine learning methods of LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to screen out the genetic biomarkers, of which the discriminative ability of molecular subgroups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Based on the gene expression profiles, heart tissue samples from patients with DCM were clustered into three molecular subgroups. No statistical difference was found in age, body mass index (BMI) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDD) among three molecular subgroups. However, the results of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) statistics showed that patients from subgroup 2 had a worse condition than the other group. We found that some of the gene modules (pink, black and grey) in WGCNA analysis were significantly related to cardiac function, and each molecular subgroup had its specific gene modules functions in modulating occurrence and progression of DCM. LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to further screen out genetic biomarkers of molecular subgroup 2, including TCEAL4, ISG15, RWDD1, ALG5, MRPL20, JTB and LITAF. The results of ROC curves showed that all of the genetic biomarkers had favorable discriminative effectiveness. Conclusion: Patients from different molecular subgroups have their unique gene expression patterns and different clinical characteristics. More personalized treatment under the guidance of gene expression patterns should be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Ye
- Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University,Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
| | - Li-Da Wu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
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Unveiling the Vital Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122391. [PMID: 36552599 PMCID: PMC9774664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a burdensome public health problem. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes patients. The pathogenesis of DCM is multifactorial and involves metabolic abnormalities, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, myocardial cell death, oxidative stress, inflammation, microangiopathy, and cardiac fibrosis. Evidence suggests that various types of cardiomyocyte death act simultaneously as terminal pathways in DCM. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with lengths greater than 200 nucleotides and no apparent coding potential. Emerging studies have shown the critical role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DCM, along with the development of molecular biology technologies. Therefore, we summarize specific lncRNAs that mainly regulate multiple modes of cardiomyopathy death, oxidative stress, and cardiac fibrosis and provide valuable insights into diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and strategies for DCM.
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12
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Glycation-Associated Diabetic Nephropathy and the Role of Long Noncoding RNAs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102623. [PMID: 36289886 PMCID: PMC9599575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycation of various biomolecules is the root cause of many pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy and end-stage kidney disease. Glycation imbalances metabolism and increases renal cell injury. Numerous therapeutic measures have narrowed down the adverse effects of endogenous glycation, but efficient and potent measures are miles away. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of noncoding RNAs, especially the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have opened a mammon of new biology to explore the mitigations for glycation-associated diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, tissue-specific distribution and condition-specific expression make lncRNA a promising key for second-generation therapeutic interventions. Though the techniques to identify and exemplify noncoding RNAs are rapidly evolving, the lncRNA study encounters multiple methodological constraints. This review will discuss lncRNAs and their possible involvement in glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signaling pathways. We further highlight the possible approaches for lncRNA-based therapeutics and their working mechanism for perturbing glycation and conclude our review with lncRNAs biology-related future opportunities.
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13
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LncRNA H19 inhibits ER stress induced apoptosis and improves diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6809-6828. [PMID: 36044268 PMCID: PMC9467416 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Extensive studies have shown that ERS may be implicated in the pathogenesis of DCM. We explored the therapeutic effects of lncRNAH19 on DCM and its effect on ERS-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods: C57/BL-6j mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: non-DM group (controls), DM group (DCM), and lncRNAH19 overexpression group (DCM+H19 group). The effect of H19 on cardiac function was detected. The effect of H19 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis in DM was examined. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and activated pathways were examined by bioinformatics analysis. STRING database was applied to construct a PPI network using Cytoscape software. The expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, -9, -12 and BAX proteins in cardiac tissue was used to determine the ERS-associated apoptotic indicators. We established the HG-stimulated inflammatory cell model. The expression of p-PERK and CHOP in HL-1 cells following HG was determined by immunofluorescence labeling. The effects of H19 on ERS and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were also detected. Results: H19 improved left ventricular dysfunction in DM. H19 could reduce cardiomyocytes apoptosis and improve fibrosis in vivo. H19 could reduce the expression of p-PERK, p-IRE1α, ATF6, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-12, and BAX proteins in cardiac tissues. Furthermore, H19 repressed oxidative stress, ERS and apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the effect of H19 on ERS-associated apoptosis might be rescued by LY294002 (the specific inhibitor for PI3K and AKT). Conclusion: H19 attenuates DCM in DM and ROS, ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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14
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Yuan S, Cai Z, Luan X, Wang H, Zhong Y, Deng L, Feng J. Gut microbiota: A new therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963672. [PMID: 36091756 PMCID: PMC9461091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy seriously affects quality of life and even threatens life safety of patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complex and multifactorial, and it is widely accepted that its mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, apoptosis, and autophagy. Some studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Gut microbiota and its metabolites can affect the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, apoptosis, and autophagy. Here, the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites resulting in diabetic cardiomyopathy are reviewed. Gut microbiota may be a new therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengyao Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingzhao Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gulin People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated, Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichaun, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Feng,
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15
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Xuan L, Fu D, Zhen D, Bai D, Yu L, Gong G. Long non-coding RNA Sox2OT promotes coronary microembolization-induced myocardial injury by mediating pyroptosis. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1689-1702. [PMID: 35304834 PMCID: PMC9065873 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a common complication of coronary microembolization (CME), myocardial injury (MI) implies high mortality. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rarely studied in CME‐induced MI. Herein, this study intended to evaluate the role of lncRNA Sox2 overlapping transcript (Sox2OT) in CME‐induced MI. Methods The CME rat models were successfully established by injection of microemboli. Rat cardiac functions and MI were observed by ultrasonic electrocardiogram, HE staining, and HBFP staining. Functional assays were utilized to test the inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were conducted to clarify the targeting relations between Sox2OT and microRNA (miRNA)‐23b and between miR‐23b and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Results Rat CME disrupted the cardiac functions and induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and activated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and pyroptosis (all P < 0.05). An NF‐κB inhibitor downregulated the NF‐κB pathway, reduced pyroptosis, and relieved cardiomyocyte injury and pyroptosis. Compared with the sham group (1.05 ± 0.32), lncRNA Sox2OT level (4.41 ± 0.67) in the CME group was elevated (P < 0.05). Sox2OT acted as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR‐23b to regulate TLR4. Silencing of Sox2OT favoured miR‐23b binding to 3′UTR of TLR4 mRNA leading to suppressed TLR4‐mediated NFKB signalling and pyroptosis in myocardial tissues harvested from CME rat models. In addition, miR‐23b overexpression could supplement the cytosolic miR‐23b reserves to target TLR‐4 and partially reverse Sox2OT‐mediated pyroptosis in LPS‐treated H9C2 cells. Conclusions This study supported that silencing Sox2OT inhibited CME‐induced MI by eliminating Sox2OT/miR‐23b binding and down‐regulating the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. This investigation may provide novel insights for the treatment of CME‐induced MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xuan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Danni Fu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Dong Zhen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Dongsong Bai
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China
| | - Guohua Gong
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 1742 Holin River Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028002, China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory, Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China.,First Medical Clinic, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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16
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Kowluru RA, Mohammad G. Epigenetic modifications in diabetes. Metabolism 2022; 126:154920. [PMID: 34715117 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is now considered as a 'silent epidemic' that claims over four million lives every year, and the disease knows no socioeconomic boundaries. Despite extensive efforts by the National and International organizations, and cutting-edge research, about 11% world's population is expected to suffer from diabetes (and its complications) by year 2045. This life-long disease damages both the microvasculature and the macrovasculature of the body, and affects many metabolic and molecular pathways, altering the expression of many genes. Recent research has shown that external factors, such as environmental factors, lifestyle and pollutants can also regulate gene expression, and contribute in the disease development and progression. Many epigenetic modifications are implicated in the development of micro- and macro- vascular complications including DNA methylation and histone modifications of several genes implicated in their development. Furthermore, several noncoding RNAs, such as micro RNAs and long noncoding RNAs, are also altered, affecting many biochemical pathways. Epigenetic modifications, however, have the advantage that they could be passed to the next generation, or can be erased. They are now being explored as therapeutical target(s) in the cancer field, which opens up the possibility to use them for treating diabetes and preventing/slowing down its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA.
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, USA
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17
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Liu S, Liu J, Li X. NORAD lentivirus shRNA mitigates fibrosis and inflammatory responses in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the ceRNA network of NORAD/miR-125a-3p/Fyn. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1113-1127. [PMID: 34591118 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study investigated the mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NORAD in DCM. METHODS Male leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and leptin control mice (db/ +) were procured. DCM model was established by subcutaneous injection of angiotensin II (ATII) in db/db mice. NORAD lentivirus shRNA or Adv-miR-125a-3p was administered to analyze cardiac function, fibrosis, serum biochemical indexes, inflammation and fibrosis. Primary cardiomyocytes were extracted and transfected with miR-125a-3p mimic. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of NORAD/miR-125a-3p/Fyn was verified. The levels of fibrosis- and inflammation-related factors were measured. RESULTS In db/db mice treated with ATII, the body weight and serum biochemical indexes were increased, while the cardiac function was decreased, and inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were induced. NORAD was upregulated in diabetic and DCM mice. The 4-week intravenous injection of NORAD lentivirus shRNA reduced body weight and serum biochemical indexes, improved cardiac function, and attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in DCM mice. NORAD acted as a sponge to adsorb miR-125a-3p, and miR-125a-3p targeted Fyn. Intravenous injection of miR-125a-3p adenovirus improved cardiac function and fibrosis and reduced inflammatory responses in DCM mice. Co-overexpression of miR-125-3p and Fyn partly reversed the improving effect of miR-125-3p overexpression on cardiac fibrosis in DCM mice. CONCLUSION NORAD lentivirus shRNA improved cardiac function and fibrosis and reduced inflammatory responses in DCM mice via the ceRNA network of NORAD/miR-125a-3p/Fyn. These findings provide a valuable and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Sujun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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18
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Pant T, Juric M, Bosnjak ZJ, Dhanasekaran A. Recent Insight on the Non-coding RNAs in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Regulatory and Therapeutic Role in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737512. [PMID: 34660740 PMCID: PMC8517144 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering over the past few decades have paved the path for cell-free therapy. Numerous stem cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been reported to impart therapeutic effects via paracrine secretion of exosomes. The underlying factors and the associated mechanisms contributing to these MSC-derived exosomes' protective effects are, however, poorly understood, limiting their application in the clinic. The exosomes exhibit a diversified repertoire of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and have the potential to transfer these biologically active transcripts to the recipient cells, where they are found to modulate a diverse array of functions. Altered expression of the ncRNAs in the exosomes has been linked with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases, including cardiac, neurological, skeletal, and cancer. Also, modulating the expression of ncRNAs in these exosomes has been found to improve their therapeutic impact. Moreover, many of these ncRNAs are expressed explicitly in the MSC-derived exosomes, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering research. In this review, we detail the recent advances in regenerative medicine and summarize the evidence supporting the altered expression of the ncRNA repertoire specific to MSCs under different degenerative diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic role of these ncRNA for the prevention of these various degenerative diseases and their future in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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19
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Zhao SF, Ye YX, Xu JD, He Y, Zhang DW, Xia ZY, Wang S. Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 increases the expression of PDCD4 by targeting miR-181a-5p, contributing to cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1251-1267. [PMID: 33907874 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific myocardial alteration in patients with diabetics. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 has been previously demonstrated to be involved in various diabetic complications. Our aims are to further investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms/pathways of KCNQ1OT1 in DCM. METHODS In vitro and in vivo models of DCM were established in high glucose (HG)-treated human cardiomyocytes and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, respectively. Gene and protein expressions were examined by qPCR, western blotting and ELISA. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The association between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-181a-5p, miR-181a-5p and PDCD4 was predicted using bioinformatics methods and subsequently confirmed by dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Mouse cardiac tissues were collected and analysed using HE staining, Masson's staining and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS KCNQ1OT1 and PDCD4 were upregulated in HG-treated human cardiomyocytes, while miR-181a-5p was downregulated. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 could negatively regulate miR-181a-5p expression; meanwhile, miR-181a-5p also negatively regulated PDCD4 expression. KCNQ1OT1 silencing suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis in vitro, whereas inhibition of miR-181a-5p abrogated those effects of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown. Moreover, overexpressed PDCD4 abolished the inhibition on inflammation and apoptosis caused by miR-181a-5p overexpression. Finally, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown reduced the expression of PDCD4 via regulating miR-181a-5p and inhibited myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the in vivo DCM model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that KCNQ1OT1 and its target gene miR-181a-5p regulate myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by modulating PDCD4 in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Fang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xian Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Dong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng-Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, No.102, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Liu WB, Feng QJ, Li GS, Shen P, Li YN, Zhang FJ. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1-1 silencing in cartilage tissue induces osteoarthritis through microRNA-125b. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:933. [PMID: 34306202 PMCID: PMC8280714 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrations in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression have been recognized in numerous human diseases. In the present study, the of role the long noncoding RNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 variant (HOTAIRM1-1) in regulating the pathological progression of osteoarthritis (OA) was investigated. The aberrant expression of HOTAIRM1-1 in OA was demonstrated, but the molecular mechanisms require further analysis. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of miR-125b in modulating chondrocyte viability and apoptosis, and to address the functional association between HOTAIRM1-1 and miR-125b as potential targets. A miR-125b inhibitor was used, which laid the foundation for the following investigation. The study confirmed that HOTAIRM1-1 and miR-125b are inversely expressed in chondrocytes. The expression of HOTAIRM1-1 was downregulated and the expression of miR-125b was upregulated in tissues from patients with OA. HOTAIRM1-1 directly interacted with miR-125b in chondrocytes. HOTAIRM1-1 knockdown was associated with chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix degradation. Furthermore, miR-125b reversed the effect of HOTAIRM1-1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the loss of HOTAIRM1-1 function leads to aberrant increases in the proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes. miR-125b may be a potential downstream mechanism that regulates the function of HOTAIRM1-1, and this finding provides a therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Shi Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Dongli Hospital, Tianjin 300300, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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21
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Lv S, Liu H, Wang H. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Diabetic-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136715. [PMID: 34201520 PMCID: PMC8268438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital cell mechanism which plays an important role in many physiological processes including clearing long-lived, accumulated and misfolded proteins, removing damaged organelles and regulating growth and aging. Autophagy also participates in a variety of biological functions, such as development, cell differentiation, resistance to pathogens and nutritional hunger. Recently, autophagy has been reported to be involved in diabetes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, water-soluble, flammable gas with the typical odor of rotten eggs, which has been known as a highly toxic gas for many years. However, it has been reported recently that H2S, together with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, is an important gas signal transduction molecule. H2S has been reported to play a protective role in many diabetes-related diseases, but the mechanism is not fully clear. Recent studies indicate that H2S plays an important role by regulating autophagy in many diseases including cancer, tissue fibrosis diseases and glycometabolic diseases; however, the related mechanism has not been fully studied. In this review, we summarize recent research on the role of H2S in regulating autophagy in diabetic-related diseases to provide references for future related research.
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22
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Landmesser U, Poller W, Tsimikas S, Most P, Paneni F, Lüscher TF. From traditional pharmacological towards nucleic acid-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3884-3899. [PMID: 32350510 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics are currently developed at large scale for prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), since: (i) genetic studies have highlighted novel therapeutic targets suggested to be causal for CVD; (ii) there is a substantial recent progress in delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies; (iii) they enable effective modulation of therapeutic targets that cannot be sufficiently or optimally addressed using traditional small molecule drugs or antibodies. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics include (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics for gene silencing; (ii) microRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies; (iii) gene therapies; and (iv) genome-editing approaches (e.g. CRISPR-Cas-based): (i) RNA-targeted therapeutics: several large-scale clinical development programmes, using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) or short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics for prevention and management of CVD have been initiated. These include ASO and/or siRNA molecules to lower apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)], proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apoCIII, ANGPTL3, or transthyretin (TTR) for prevention and treatment of patients with atherosclerotic CVD or TTR amyloidosis. (ii) MicroRNA-modulating and epigenetic therapies: novel potential therapeutic targets are continually arising from human non-coding genome and epigenetic research. First microRNA-based therapeutics or therapies targeting epigenetic regulatory pathways are in clinical studies. (iii) Gene therapies: EMA/FDA have approved gene therapies for non-cardiac monogenic diseases and LDL receptor gene therapy is currently being examined in patients with homozygous hypercholesterolaemia. In experimental studies, gene therapy has significantly improved cardiac function in heart failure animal models. (iv) Genome editing approaches: these technologies, such as using CRISPR-Cas, have proven powerful in stem cells, however, important challenges are remaining, e.g. low rates of homology-directed repair in somatic cells such as cardiomyocytes. In summary, RNA-targeted therapies (e.g. apo(a)-ASO and PCSK9-siRNA) are now in large-scale clinical outcome trials and will most likely become a novel effective and safe therapeutic option for CVD in the near future. MicroRNA-modulating, epigenetic, and gene therapies are tested in early clinical studies for CVD. CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing is highly effective in stem cells, but major challenges are remaining in somatic cells, however, this field is rapidly advancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, CC11 (Cardiovascular Medicine), Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BSB 1080, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, MOU2, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
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Guo Y, Feng X, Wang D, Kang X, Zhang L, Ren H, Yuan G. Long Non-coding RNA: A Key Regulator in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:655598. [PMID: 33889601 PMCID: PMC8057523 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.655598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become a global issue with increasing incidence rate worldwide. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the important complications of diabetes, refers to patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who have ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and even diastolic dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM is related to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, myocardial fibrosis and, diabetic microangiopathy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) is a non-coding RNA with a length longer than 200 nucleotides which lack the ability of protein coding. With the development of molecular technology, massive evidence demonstrates that lncRNA play a critical role in the molecular mechanism of DCM. Moreover, it can also be used as potential diagnostic markers for DCM. In this review, we intend to summarize the pathological roles and molecular mechanism of lncRNA in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may provide promising diagnosis and treatment strategies for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Wuhan, China
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24
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Correia M, Bernardes de Jesus B, Nóbrega-Pereira S. Novel Insights Linking lncRNAs and Metabolism With Implications for Cardiac Regeneration. Front Physiol 2021; 12:586927. [PMID: 33776783 PMCID: PMC7987814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.586927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. The associated pathology is typically characterized by the loss of cardiomyocytes that leads, eventually, to heart failure. Although conventional treatments exist, novel regenerative procedures are warranted for improving cardiac regeneration and patients well fare. Whereas following injury the capacity for regeneration of adult mammalian heart is limited, the neonatal heart is capable of substantial regeneration but this capacity is lost at postnatal stages. Interestingly, this is accompanied by a shift in the metabolic pathways and energetic fuels preferentially used by cardiomyocytes from embryonic glucose-driven anaerobic glycolysis to adult oxidation of substrates in the mitochondria. Apart from energetic sources, metabolites are emerging as key regulators of gene expression and epigenetic programs which could impact cardiac regeneration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known master regulators of cellular and organismal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and play multifaceted functions in the cardiovascular system. Still, our understanding of the metabolic determinants and pathways that can promote cardiac regeneration in the injured hearth remains limited. Here, we will discuss the emerging concepts that provide evidence for a molecular interplay between lncRNAs and metabolic signaling in cardiovascular function and whether exploiting this axis could provide ground for improved regenerative strategies in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Correia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bernardes de Jesus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Jakubik D, Fitas A, Eyileten C, Jarosz-Popek J, Nowak A, Czajka P, Wicik Z, Sourij H, Siller-Matula JM, De Rosa S, Postula M. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiological processes of diabetic cardiomyopathy: emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33639953 PMCID: PMC7916283 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) necessitates the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate complications of this debilitating disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a frequent disorder affecting individuals diagnosed with DM characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic and systolic dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in the absence of other heart diseases. Progression of DCM is associated with impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium metabolism, and inflammation. Various non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as well as their target genes are implicated in the complex pathophysiology of DCM. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs play an important role in maintaining homeostasis through regulation of multiple genes, thus they attract substantial scientific interest as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as a potential therapeutic strategy in DM complications. This article will review the different miRNAs and lncRNA studied in the context of DM, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the contribution of pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis to the development of DCM .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Czajka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Identification and analysis of circulating long non-coding RNAs with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2571. [PMID: 33510471 PMCID: PMC7843621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) lacks diagnostic biomarkers. Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. To seek potential lncRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM, we investigated the genome-wide expression profiling of circulating lncRNAs and mRNAs in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without DCM and performed bioinformatic analyses of the deregulated lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Db/db mice had obesity and hyperglycemia with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age (diabetes without DCM) but with an impaired cardiac function at 20 weeks of age (DCM) on an isolated Langendorff apparatus. Compared with the age-matched controls, 152 circulating lncRNAs, 127 mRNAs and 3355 lncRNAs, 2580 mRNAs were deregulated in db/db mice without and with DCM, respectively. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis showed that five deregulated lncRNAs, XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135, have the maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these five lncRNAs were highly associated with the development and motion of myofilaments, regulation of inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. This finding was validated by the ultrastructural examination of myocardial samples from the db/db mice with DCM using electron microscopy and changes in the expression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in db/db mice with DCM. These results indicate that XLOC015617, AK035192, Gm10435, TCR-α chain, and MouselincRNA0135 are crucial circulating lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DCM. These five circulating lncRNAs may have high potential as a diagnostic biomarker for DCM.
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Yu FR, Xia YW, Wang SB, Xiao LH. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 facilitates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte death through the miR-23a-3p/CASP10 axis. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:154-163. [PMID: 33049089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been shown to be related to the pathogenesis of DCM. However, the mechanism by which PVT1 regulates DCM pathogenesis is unclear. High glucose level was employed to construct a DCM cell model in vitro. Cell viability was determined via cell counting kit-8 assay. The level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured with the corresponding kit. Expression levels of PVT1, miR-23a-3p, and caspase-10 (CASP10) messenger RNA were evaluated with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry assay. Protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), cleaved-caspase-3 (cleaved-casp-3), and CASP10 were examined via western blot analysis. The relationship between PVT1 or CASP10 and miR-23a-3p was verified with dual-luciferase reporter assay. We observed that PVT1 and CASP10 were upregulated while miR-23a-3p was downregulated in high glucose-induced cardiomyocytes. High glucose levels repressed cardiomyocyte activity and induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, but this influence was antagonized by PVT1 knockdown or miR-23a-3p overexpression. Furthermore, PVT1 acted as a sponge for miR-23a-3p, and miR-23a-3p inhibition counterbalanced the influence of PVT1 silencing on viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes under high glucose level treatment. PVT1 could increase CASP10 expression via sponging miR-23a-3p. In conclusion, PVT1 acted as a deleterious lncRNA in DCM. PVT1 facilitated cardiomyocyte death by regulating the miR-23a-3p/CASP10, which offered a new mechanism to comprehend the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Rong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Hanchuan City People's Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin-Wen Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Hanchuan City People's Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei, China
| | - Shao-Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hanchuan City People's Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Hanchuan City People's Hospital, Hanchuan, Hubei, China
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Zhang JR, Sun HJ. Roles of circular RNAs in diabetic complications: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic potential. Gene 2020; 763:145066. [PMID: 32827686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by changed homeostasis of blood glucose levels, which is associated with various complications, including cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. In recent years, accumulative evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs are identified as a novel type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involving in the regulation of various physiological processes and pathologic conditions. Specifically, the emergence of complications response to diabetes is finely controlled by a complex gene regulatory network in which circular RNAs play a critical role. Recently, circular RNAs are emerging as messengers that could influence cellular functions under diabetic conditions. Dysregulation of circular RNAs has been closely linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes-related complications. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current progression and underlying mechanisms of circular RNA in the development of diabetes-related complications. We will also provide an overview of circular RNA-regulated cell communications in different types of cells that have been linked to diabetic complications. We anticipated that the completion of this review will provide potential clues for developing novel circular RNAs-based biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT Exacerbates Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocytes Injury by Regulating miR-27a-3p/TGF βR1 Axis. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2016259. [PMID: 32528555 PMCID: PMC7262654 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2016259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) was a severe cardiovascular disease resulted from acute, persistent hypoxia, or ischemia condition. Additionally, MI generally led to heart failure, even sudden death. A multitude of research studies proposed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) frequently participated in the regulation of heart diseases. The specific function and molecular mechanism of SOX2-OT in MI remained unclear. Aim of the Study. The current research was aimed to explore the role of SOX2-OT in MI. Methods Bioinformatics analysis (DIANA tools and Targetscan) and a wide range of experiments (CCK-8, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, luciferase reporter, RIP, caspase-3 activity, trans-well, and western blot assays) were adopted to investigate the function and mechanism of SOX2-OT. Results We discovered that hypoxia treatment decreased cell viability but increased cell apoptosis. Besides, lncRNA SOX2-OT expression was upregulated in hypoxic HCMs. Hereafter, we confirmed that SOX2-OT could negatively regulate miR-27a-3p levels by directly binding with miR-27a-3p, and miR-27a-3p also could negatively regulate SOX2-OT levels. Furthermore, knockdown of SOX2-OT promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but limited cell apoptosis. However, these effects were reversed by anti-miR-27a-5p. Besides, we verified that miR-27a-3p binding with the 3′UTR of TGFBR1 and SOX2-OT regulated TGFβR1 level by collaborating with miR-27a-3p in HCMs. Eventually, rescue assays validated that the influence of SOX2-OT silence or miR-27a-3p overexpression on cellular processes in cardiomyocytes injury was counteracted by TGFBR1 overexpression. Conclusions Long noncoding RNA SOX2-OT exacerbated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes injury by regulating miR-27a-3p/TGFβR1 axis, which may provide a novel insight for heart failure treatment.
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Su D, Ju Y, Han W, Yang Y, Wang F, Wang T, Tang J. Tcf3-activated lncRNA Gas5 regulates newborn mouse cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4337-4346. [PMID: 32003049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause cardiac dysfunction and eventually lead to heart failure and sudden death. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Gas5 has been reported to play a function in cardiomyocyte. Here we studied the function of Gas5 on newborn mouse cardiomyocyte (NMC) apoptosis to detect its molecular mechanism. High-glucose treatment was implemented to induce the apoptosis of NMC in this study. And terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay, JC-1 assay, and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to know about the apoptosis of NMC when Gas5 and Tcf3 were silenced. Meanwhile, RNA pull-down assay and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to verify the binding of RNAs. Finally, rescue assay was implemented to evaluate the influence on apoptosis situation affected by competing endogenous RNA pathways. Tcf3 was found to bind to the Gas5 promoter to activate the expression of Gas5. Meanwhile, Gas5 and Tcf3 were both found to promote the apoptosis of NMC. Also, mmu-miR-320-3p could bind to Gas5 and Tcf3. Moreover, the Gas5/miR-320-3p/Tcf3 pathway was found to modulate the apoptosis of NMC. In conclusion, Tcf3-activated lncRNA Gas5 regulates NMC apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yansong Ju
- Department of Cardiology, Rongcheng People's Hospital, Rongcheng, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhang L. MicroRNAs play an essential role in autophagy regulation in various disease phenotypes. Biofactors 2019; 45:844-856. [PMID: 31418958 PMCID: PMC6916288 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and fundamental biological process in eukaryotic cells. It recycles intracellular components to provide nutrients during starvation and maintains quality control of organelles and proteins. In addition, autophagy is a well-organized homeostatic cellular process that is responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and intracellular pathogens. Moreover, it also modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) are a mature class of post-transcriptional modulators that are widely expressed in tissues and organs. And, it can suppress gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs for translational repression or, at a lesser extent, degradation. Research indicates that microRNAs regulate autophagy through different pathways, playing an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. It is an important regulator of fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. In this review article, we first review the current knowledge of autophagy and the function of microRNAs. Then, we summarize the mechanism of autophagy and the signaling pathways related to autophagy by citing at least the main proteins involved in the different phases of the process. Second, we introduce other members of RNA and report some examples in various pathologies. Finally, we review the current literature regarding microRNA-based therapies for cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease, tuberculosis, and viral diseases. MicroRNAs can cause autophagy upregulation or downregulation by targeting genes or affecting autophagy-related signaling pathways. Therefore, the microRNAs have a huge potential in autophagy regulation, and it is the function as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ze Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Linbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
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Pant T, Dhanasekaran A, Bai X, Zhao M, Thorp EB, Forbess JM, Bosnjak ZJ, Ge ZD. Genome-wide differential expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with early diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15345. [PMID: 31653946 PMCID: PMC6814824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes. There are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are increasingly recognized as important molecular players in cardiovascular disease. Herein we investigated the profiling of cardiac lncRNA and mRNA expression in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy. We found that db/db mice developed cardiac hypertrophy with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age but with a decreased diastolic function at 20 weeks of age. LncRNA and mRNA transcripts were remarkably different in 20-week-old db/db mouse hearts compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic controls. Overall 1479 lncRNA transcripts and 1109 mRNA transcripts were aberrantly expressed in 6- and 20-week-old db/db hearts compared with nondiabetic controls. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that 5 deregulated lncRNAs having maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs were BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these 5 lncRNAs are closely associated with membrane depolarization, action potential conduction, contraction of cardiac myocytes, and actin filament-based movement of cardiac cells. This study profiles differently expressed lncRNAs in type 2 mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy and identifies BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1 as the core lncRNA with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | | | - Xiaowen Bai
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Joseph M Forbess
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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Qingyihuaji formula reverses gemcitabine resistant human pancreatic cancer through regulate lncRNA AB209630/miR-373/EphB2-NANOG signals. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190610. [PMID: 31147453 PMCID: PMC6579980 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the possible mechanism of Qingyihuaji formula (QYHJ) for reversing gemcitabine (GEM) resistant human pancreatic cancer. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected in CFPAC-1 cells. Xenograft mice established with CFPAC-1 through subcutaneous on 33 immunodeficient nude mice and randomly divided into four groups: vehicle, GEM (35 mg/kg), QYHJ (40 g/kg), and GEM + QYHJ (35 mg/kg + 40 g/kg) groups for 28-day treatment. Tumor growth and the mRNA expression of lncRNA AB209630, miR373, EphB2, and NANOG evaluated in dissected tumor tissue by real-time PCR, the CD133+ cancer stem cells were isolated by flow cytometer, and the changes of the tumor sphere forming were measured. QYHJ, especially the combination of GEM and QYHJ, was significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration of CFPAC-1 in vitro in the indicated times. The combination of GEM and QYHJ also remarkably promoted the cell apoptosis of CFPAC-1. QYHJ treatment effectively blocked the tumor growth in nude mice. QYHJ, especially GEM + QYHJ treatment, was significantly increased the mRNA expression of lncRNA AB209630, significantly decreased the mRNA levels of miR373, EphB2 and NANOG, and markedly reduced the tumor sphere formation and the numbers of CD133+ stem cells. In addition, GEM alone treatment had no significant effect in the above biomarker changes. QYHJ could effectivly enhance the antihuman pancreatic tumor activity of GEM, which may be through inhibiting pancreatic cancer stem cell differentiation by lncRNA AB209630/miR-373/EphB2-NANOG signaling pathway.
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Wang Z, Li J, Wang Y, Liu Q. Palbociclib improves cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating Rb phosphorylation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3481-3489. [PMID: 31312360 PMCID: PMC6614619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition associated with significant structural changes including cardiac tissue necrosis, localized fibrosis, and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. This study sought to assess whether and how CDK4/6 inhibitor, Palbociclib, can attenuate DCM using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DCM model system. In this study, we found CDK4 and CDK6 expression are significantly increased the cardiac tissue of these mice. Palbociclib treatment after initial STZ administration attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby reducing cardiomyocyte death and preserving cardiac function in these animals. In addition, Rb phosphorylation induction was found in STZ-treated mice, which was inhibited by Palbociclib treatment. In summary, Palbociclib protects mice from damage associated with DCM pathway activation, making Palbociclib is a relevant therapeutic target in the context of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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Ge ZD, Lian Q, Mao X, Xia Z. Current Status and Challenges of NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2019; 60:512-520. [PMID: 30971629 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species produced excessively in diabetes mellitus cause necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of the myocardium as well as impair the cardiac structure and function. It is increasingly clear that oxidative stress is a principal cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) activates the transcription of more than 200 genes in the human genome. Most of the proteins translated from these genes possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-ferroptotic, and anti-fibrotic actions. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that NRF2 and its target genes are crucial in preventing high glucose-induced oxidative damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, many natural and synthetic activators of NRF2 are shown to possess promising therapeutic effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Targeting NRF2 signaling by pharmacological entities is a potential approach to ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the persistent high expression of NRF2 in cancer tissues also protects the growth of cancer cells. This "dark side" of NRF2 increases the challenges of using NRF2 activators to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition, some NRF2 activators were found to have off-target effects. In this review, we summarize the current status and challenges of NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong
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