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Plante TB, Juraschek SP, Howard G, Howard VJ, Tracy RP, Olson NC, Judd SE, Kamin Mukaz D, Zakai NA, Long DL, Cushman M. Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the REGARDS Study. Hypertension 2024; 81:1244-1253. [PMID: 38487890 PMCID: PMC11095906 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factor that may be related to inflammation. Whether adverse levels of specific inflammatory cytokines relate to hypertension is unknown. The present study sought to determine whether higher levels of IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IFN (interferon)-γ, IL-17A, and CRP (C-reactive protein) are associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension. METHODS The REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke) is a prospective cohort study that recruited 30 239 community-dwelling Black and White adults from the contiguous United States in 2003 to 2007 (visit 1), with follow-up 9 years later in 2013 to 2016 (visit 2). We included participants without prevalent hypertension who attended follow-up 9 years later and had available laboratory measures and covariates of interest. Poisson regression estimated the risk ratio of incident hypertension by level of inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS Among 1866 included participants (mean [SD] aged of 62 [8] years, 25% Black participants, 55% women), 36% developed hypertension. In fully adjusted models comparing the third to first tertile of each biomarker, there was a greater risk of incident hypertension for higher IL-1β among White (1.24 [95% CI, 1.01-1.53]) but not Black participants (1.01 [95% CI, 0.83-1.23]) and higher TNF-α (1.20 [95% CI, 1.02-1.41]) and IFN-γ (1.22 [95% CI, 1.04-1.42]) among all participants. There was no increased risk with IL-6, IL-17A, or CRP. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, representing distinct inflammatory pathways, are elevated in advance of hypertension development. Whether modifying these cytokines will reduce incident hypertension is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Plante
- Departments of Medicine (T.B.P., D.K.M., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Stephen P. Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Clinic/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.P.J)
| | - George Howard
- Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., S.E.J.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Virginia J. Howard
- Epidemiology (V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T., N.C.O., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T., N.C.O., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Suzanne E. Judd
- Departments of Biostatistics (G.H., S.E.J.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Debora Kamin Mukaz
- Departments of Medicine (T.B.P., D.K.M., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Neil A. Zakai
- Departments of Medicine (T.B.P., D.K.M., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T., N.C.O., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - D. Leann Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.L.L.)
| | - Mary Cushman
- Departments of Medicine (T.B.P., D.K.M., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.P.T., N.C.O., N.A.Z., M.C.), Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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2
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Guzik TJ, Nosalski R, Maffia P, Drummond GR. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:396-416. [PMID: 38172242 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health problem, with >1.3 billion individuals with high blood pressure worldwide. In this Review, we present an inflammatory paradigm for hypertension, emphasizing the crucial roles of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in disease initiation and progression. T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and natural killer cells are all implicated in hypertension. Neoantigens, the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sympathetic outflow, as well as cytokines (including IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21) and a high-salt environment, can contribute to immune activation in hypertension. The activated immune cells migrate to target organs such as arteries (especially the perivascular fat and adventitia), kidneys, the heart and the brain, where they release effector cytokines that elevate blood pressure and cause vascular remodelling, renal damage, cardiac hypertrophy, cognitive impairment and dementia. IL-17 secreted by CD4+ T helper 17 cells and γδ T cells, and interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor secreted by immunosenescent CD8+ T cells, exert crucial effector roles in hypertension, whereas IL-10 and regulatory T cells are protective. Effector mediators impair nitric oxide bioavailability, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular contractility. Inflammatory effector mediators also alter renal sodium and water balance and promote renal fibrosis. These mechanisms link hypertension with obesity, autoimmunity, periodontitis and COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding of the immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension is crucial for safely and effectively translating the findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Shokoples BG, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Immunological insights into hypertension: unraveling triggers and potential therapeutic avenues. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01731-6. [PMID: 38778172 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the development of novel antihypertensive therapies has only recently accelerated, with novel agents not yet commercialized, leaving a substantial proportion of individuals resistant to existing treatments. The intricate pathophysiology of hypertension is now understood to involve chronic low-grade inflammation, which places the immune system in the spotlight as a potential target for new therapeutics. This review explores the factors that initiate and sustain an immune response in hypertension, offering insights into potential targets for new treatments. Several factors contribute to immune activation in hypertension, including diet and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) generation. Diets rich in fat or sodium can promote inflammation by inducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and triggering salt-sensitive receptors in T cells and dendritic cells. DAMPs, such as extracellular adenosine triphosphate and heat-shock protein 70, are released during episodes of increased blood pressure, contributing to immune cell activation and inflammation. Unconventional innate-like γδ T cells contribute to initiating and maintaining an immune response through their potential involvement in antigen presentation and regulating cytokine-mediated responses. Immunologic memory, sustained through the formation of effector memory T cells after exposure to hypertensive insults, likely contributes to maintaining an immune response in hypertension. When exposed to hypertensive insults, these memory cells are rapidly activated and contribute to elevated blood pressure and end-organ damage. Evidence from human hypertension, although limited, supports the relevance of distinct immune pathways in hypertension, and highlights the potential of targeted immune interventions in human hypertension. Diet and acute bouts of high blood pressure result in the release of dietary triggers, neoantigens, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote immune system activation. Elements such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), sodium, heat-shock protein (HSP)70, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP), and growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) promote activation of innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes (Mo) through their respective receptors (toll-like receptor [TLR]4, amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel [ENaC], TLR2/4, P2X7 receptor [P2RX7], and Axl) leading to costimulatory molecule expression and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-23 production. The neoantigens HSP70 and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are presented to T cells by DCs and possibly γδ T cells, triggering T cell activation, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ production, and the formation of T effector memory (TEM) cells in the kidney, perivascular adipose tissue, bone marrow, and spleen. Exposure of TEM cells to their cognate antigen or previous activating stimuli causes these cells rapid expansion and activation. Cumulatively, this inflammatory state contributes to hypertension and end-organ damage. The figure was created using images from smart.servier.com and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Shokoples
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Sinha A, Sitlani CM, Doyle MF, Fohner AE, Buzkova P, Floyd JS, Huber SA, Olson NC, Njoroge JN, Kizer JR, Delaney JA, Shah SS, Tracy RP, Psaty B, Feinstein M. Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4177-4188. [PMID: 36097332 PMCID: PMC9773780 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Circulating inflammatory markers are associated with incident heart failure (HF), but prospective data on associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF are lacking. We determined the associations of immune cell subsets with incident HF as well as HF subtypes [with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)]. METHODS AND RESULTS Peripheral blood immune cell subsets were measured in adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, HF risk factors, and cytomegalovirus serostatus were used to evaluate the association of the immune cell subsets with incident HF. The average age of the MESA cohort at the time of immune cell measurements was 63.0 ± 10.4 years with 51% women, and in the CHS cohort, it was 79.6 ± 4.4 years with 62% women. In the meta-analysis of CHS and MESA, a higher proportion of CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cells (per one standard deviation) was associated with a lower risk of incident HF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.91, (95% CI 0.83-0.99), P = 0.03]. Specifically, higher proportion of CD4+ Th1 cells was significantly associated with a lower risk of HFrEF [HR 0.73, (95% CI 0.62-0.85), <0.001] after correction for multiple testing. No association was observed with HFpEF. No other cell subsets were associated with incident HF. CONCLUSIONS We observed that higher proportions of CD4+ Th1 cells were associated with a lower risk of incident HFrEF in two distinct population-based cohorts, with similar effect sizes in both cohorts demonstrating replicability. Although unexpected, the consistency of this finding across cohorts merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | | | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - James S. Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Joyce N. Njoroge
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,College of PharmacyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Sanjiv S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA,Department of Biochemistry, Robert Larner M.D. College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA,Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Matthew Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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Integrated investigation of DNA methylation, gene expression and immune cell population revealed immune cell infiltration associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:108. [PMID: 35534881 PMCID: PMC9082837 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical consequences of atherosclerosis are significant source of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, while the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are largely unknown. Methods In this study, we integrated the DNA methylation and gene expression data in atherosclerotic plaque samples to decipher the underlying association between epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Immune cell classification was performed on the basis of the expression pattern of detected genes. Finally, we selected ten genes with dysregulated methylation and expression levels for RT-qPCR validation. Results Global DNA methylation profile showed obvious changes between normal aortic and atherosclerotic lesion tissues. We found that differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly associated with atherosclerosis by being enriched in atherosclerotic plaque formation-related pathways, including cell adhesion and extracellular matrix organization. Immune cell fraction analysis revealed that a large number of immune cells, especially macrophages, activated mast cells, NK cells, and Tfh cells, were specifically enriched in the plaque. DEGs associated with immune cell fraction change showed that they were mainly related to the level of macrophages, monocytes, resting NK cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, and gamma delta T cells. These genes were highly enriched in multiple pathways of atherosclerotic plaque formation, including blood vessel remodeling, collagen fiber organization, cell adhesion, collagen catalogic process, extractable matrix assembly, and platelet activation. We also validated the expression alteration of ten genes associated with infiltrating immune cells in atherosclerosis. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings provide new evidence for understanding the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque formation, and provide a new and valuable research direction based on immune cell infiltration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01259-z.
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dos Passos Junior RR, Bomfim GF, Giachini FR, Tostes RC, Lima VV. O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification: Linking Hypertension and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852115. [PMID: 35371030 PMCID: PMC8967968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins dynamically regulates protein function, localization, stability, and interactions. This post-translational modification is intimately linked to cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. An increasing number of studies suggest that components of innate and adaptive immunity, active players in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are targets for O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we highlight the potential roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system and discuss how those immune targets of O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Rodrigues dos Passos Junior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Victor Vitorino Lima,
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7
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Overview of Memory NK Cells in Viral Infections: Possible Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells have usually been defined as cells of the innate immune system, although they are also involved in adaptative responses. These cells belong to the innate lymphocyte cells (ILC) family. They remove unwanted cells, tumoral cells and pathogens. NK cells are essential for viral infection clearance and are involved in tolerogenic responses depending on the dynamic balance of the repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors. NK plasticity is crucial for tissue function and vigilant immune responses. They directly eliminate virus-infected cells by recognising viral protein antigens using a non-MHC dependent mechanism, recognising viral glycan structures and antigens by NCR family receptors, inducing apoptosis by Fas-Fas ligand interaction, and killing cells by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity via the FcγIII receptor. Activating receptors are responsible for the clearance of virally infected cells, while inhibitory KIR receptor activation impairs NK responses and facilitates virus escape. Effective NK memory cells have been described and characterised by a low NKG2A and high NKG2C or NKG2D expression. NK cells have also been used in cell therapy. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, several contradicting reports about the role of NK cells have been published. A careful analysis of the current data and possible implications will be discussed.
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8
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Gao C, Ge L, Chen D, Zhang M, Zhao L, Liu W, Chen S, Wang J, Zhou C, Zhao X, Li S, Song Z, Li J. Increased Frequency of Circulating Classical Monocytes in Patients with Rosacea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1629-1636. [PMID: 34803388 PMCID: PMC8601253 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s336194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Monocyte subsets, including classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes, are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The pathogenic role of monocytes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with rosacea remains unclear. This study aimed to assess frequencies of monocyte subsets in PBMCs from rosacea patients before and after clinical treatment. Patients and Methods We applied flow cytometry to examine frequencies of monocyte subsets in 116 patients with rosacea, while patients with 26 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 28 acne and 42 normal healthy subjects without skin problems (HC) were recruited as controls. Expression of C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) on monocytes and plasma levels of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in HC and rosacea patients before and after treatment. Results The frequency of classical monocytes, but not intermediate or non-classical monocytes, was higher in rosacea as compared with HC, which decreased after treatment. Frequencies of monocyte subsets showed no gender difference, while increased with age in patients but not in HC. Frequencies of classical monocytes in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) and ETR-papulopustular rosacea (PPR) overlap were significantly higher than HC or patients with only PPR or phymatous rosacea (PhR). There was a significant higher expression of CCR2 in classical monocytes, with higher plasma levels of CCL2, HMGB-1, IL-1β and TNF-α in patients than in HC, which all significantly decreased after treatment. Conclusion Our data indicated a possible association between abnormal classical monocytes frequencies and rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunjian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Gao J, Shi L, Gu J, Zhang D, Wang W, Zhu X, Liu J. Difference of immune cell infiltration between stable and unstable carotid artery atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10973-10979. [PMID: 34729909 PMCID: PMC8642673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque instability contributes to ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. This study is to compare the abundance and difference of immune cell subtypes within unstable atherosclerotic tissues. CIBERSORT was used to speculate the proportions of 22 immune cell types based on a microarray of atherosclerotic carotid artery samples. R software was utilized to illustrate the bar plot, heat map and vioplot. The immune cell landscape in atherosclerosis was diverse, dominated by M2 macrophages, M0 macrophages, resting CD4 memory T cells and CD8 T cells. There was a significant difference in resting CD4 memory T cells (p = 0.032), T cells follicular helper (p = 0.033), M0 (p = 0.047) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.012) between stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Compared with stable atherosclerotic plaques, unstable atherosclerotic plaques had a higher percentage of M2 macrophages. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the percentage of naïve CD4 T cells was strongly correlated with that of gamma delta T cells (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), while memory B cells were correlated with plasma cells (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). In summary, our study explored the abundance and difference of specific immune cell subgroups at unstable plaques, which would aid new immunotherapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Licheng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanfeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Sinha A, Rivera AS, Doyle MF, Sitlani C, Fohner A, Huber SA, Olson NC, Lima JA, Delaney JA, Feinstein MJ, Shah SJ, Tracy RP, Psaty BM. Association of immune cell subsets with cardiac mechanics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:149193. [PMID: 34236048 PMCID: PMC8410049 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmunomodulatory therapy may help prevent heart failure (HF). Data on immune cells and myocardial remodeling in older adults with cardiovascular risk factors are limited.MethodsIn the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort, 869 adults had 19 peripheral immune cell subsets measured and underwent cardiac MRI during the baseline exam, of which 321 had assessment of left ventricular global circumferential strain (LV-GCS). We used linear regression with adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cytomegalovirus serostatus to evaluate the cross-sectional association of immune cell subsets with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LV-GCS.ResultsThe average age of the cohort was 61.6 ± 10.0 years and 53% were women. Higher proportions of γ/δ T cells were associated with lower absolute (worse) LV-GCS (-0.105% [95% CI -0.164%, -0.046%] per 1 SD higher proportion of γ/δ T cells, P = 0.0006). This association remained significant after Bonferroni's correction. Higher proportions of classical monocytes were associated with worse absolute LV-GCS (-0.04% [95% CI -0.07%, 0.00%] per 1 SD higher proportion of classical monocytes, P = 0.04). This did not meet significance after Bonferroni's correction. There were no other significant associations with LV-GCS or LVMI.ConclusionPathways associated with γ/δ T cells may be potential targets for immunomodulatory therapy targeted at HF prevention in populations at risk.FundingContracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169 and grant R01 HL98077 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH and grants KL2TR001424, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, and UL1-TR-001420 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adovich S. Rivera
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, and
| | - Alison Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joao A.C. Lima
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A. Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Russel P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, and
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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