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Xuan K, Zhang N, Li T, Pang X, Li Q, Zhao T, Wang B, Zha Z, Tang J. Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella in Anhui Province, China, 2012-2021: Surveillance Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50673. [PMID: 38579276 PMCID: PMC11031691 DOI: 10.2196/50673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella is a mild, self-limited disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Recently, the disease burden of varicella has been gradually increasing in China; however, the epidemiological characteristics of varicella have not been reported for Anhui Province. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021, which can provide a basis for the future study and formulation of varicella prevention and control policies in the province. METHODS Surveillance data were used to characterize the epidemiology of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021 in terms of population, time, and space. Spatial autocorrelation of varicella was explored using the Moran index (Moran I). The Kulldorff space-time scan statistic was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation of varicella. RESULTS A total of 276,115 cases of varicella were reported from 2012 to 2021 in Anhui, with an average annual incidence of 44.8 per 100,000, and the highest incidence was 81.2 per 100,000 in 2019. The male-to-female ratio of cases was approximately 1.26, which has been gradually decreasing in recent years. The population aged 5-14 years comprised the high-incidence group, although the incidence in the population 30 years and older has gradually increased. Students accounted for the majority of cases, and the proportion of cases in both home-reared children (aged 0-7 years who are not sent to nurseries, daycare centers, or school) and kindergarten children (aged 3-6 years) has changed slightly in recent years. There were two peaks of varicella incidence annually, except for 2020, and the incidence was typically higher in the winter peak than in summer. The incidence of varicella in southern Anhui was higher than that in northern Anhui. The average annual incidence at the county level ranged from 6.61 to 152.14 per 100,000, and the varicella epidemics in 2018-2021 were relatively severe. The spatial and temporal distribution of varicella in Anhui was not random, with a positive spatial autocorrelation found at the county level (Moran I=0.412). There were 11 districts or counties with high-high clusters, mainly distributed in the south of Anhui, and 3 districts or counties with high-low or low-high clusters. Space-time scan analysis identified five possible clusters of areas, and the most likely cluster was distributed in the southeastern region of Anhui. CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively describes the epidemiology and changing trend of varicella in Anhui from 2012 to 2021. In the future, preventive and control measures should be strengthened for the key populations and regions of varicella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xuan
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingya Pang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qingru Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenqiu Zha
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jihai Tang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Song C, Fang L, Xie M, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Tian F, Wang X, Lin X, Liu Q, Xu S, Pan J. Revealing spatiotemporal inequalities, hotspots, and determinants in healthcare resource distribution: insights from hospital beds panel data in 2308 Chinese counties. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:423. [PMID: 38336709 PMCID: PMC11218403 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring universal health coverage and equitable access to health services requires a comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in healthcare resources, especially in small areas. The absence of a structured spatiotemporal evaluation framework in existing studies inspired us to propose a conceptual framework encompassing three perspectives: spatiotemporal inequalities, hotspots, and determinants. METHODS To demonstrate our three-perspective conceptual framework, we employed three state-of-the-art methods and analyzed 10 years' worth of Chinese county-level hospital bed data. First, we depicted spatial inequalities of hospital beds within provinces and their temporal inequalities through the spatial Gini coefficient. Next, we identified different types of spatiotemporal hotspots and coldspots at the county level using the emerging hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics). Finally, we explored the spatiotemporally heterogeneous impacts of socioeconomic and environmental factors on hospital beds using the Bayesian spatiotemporally varying coefficients (STVC) model and quantified factors' spatiotemporal explainable percentages with the spatiotemporal variance partitioning index (STVPI). RESULTS Spatial inequalities map revealed significant disparities in hospital beds, with gradual improvements observed in 21 provinces over time. Seven types of hot and cold spots among 24.78% counties highlighted the persistent presence of the regional Matthew effect in both high- and low-level hospital bed counties. Socioeconomic factors contributed 36.85% (95% credible intervals [CIs]: 31.84-42.50%) of county-level hospital beds, while environmental factors accounted for 59.12% (53.80-63.83%). Factors' space-scale variation explained 75.71% (68.94-81.55%), whereas time-scale variation contributed 20.25% (14.14-27.36%). Additionally, six factors (GDP, first industrial output, local general budget revenue, road, river, and slope) were identified as the spatiotemporal determinants, collectively explaining over 84% of the variations. CONCLUSIONS Three-perspective framework enables global policymakers and stakeholders to identify health services disparities at the micro-level, pinpoint regions needing targeted interventions, and create differentiated strategies aligned with their unique spatiotemporal determinants, significantly aiding in achieving sustainable healthcare development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Fang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyu Xie
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Tian
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaolan Liu
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Xu
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- China Center for South Asian Studies, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Mirambo MM, Michael F, Nyawale H, Mbugano F, Walwa MB, Mahamba D, Msanga DR, Okamo B, Damiano P, Mshana SE. The High Seropositivity of Mumps Virus IgG Antibodies among School-Aged Children in Rural Areas of the Mbarali District in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania: It Is High Time for Consideration in the National Immunization Program. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:73. [PMID: 38255386 PMCID: PMC10814223 DOI: 10.3390/children11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mumps is an acute contagious viral disease caused by paramyxovirus characterized by complications that include orchitis, oophoritis, aseptic meningitis, and spontaneous abortion among many others. This study reports high mumps IgG seropositivity among school-aged children in rural areas of the Mbeya region, information that might be useful in understanding the epidemiology of mumps and instituting appropriate control measures including vaccination. Between May and July 2023, a cross-sectional study involving 196 enrolled children aged 5-13 years was conducted. Sociodemographic information and other relevant information were collected using a structured data collection tool. Blood samples were collected and used to detect mumps immunoglobulin G antibodies using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A descriptive analysis was performed using STATA version 15. The median age of the enrolled children was 13 (interquartile range (IQR): 8-13) years. The seropositivity of mumps IgG antibodies was 88.8% (174/196, 95% CI: 83.5-92.5). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, history of fever (OR: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.02-28.22, p = 0.047) and sharing utensils (OR: 8.05, 95% CI: 1.99-32.65, p = 0.003) independently predicted mumps IgG seropositivity. More than three-quarters of school-aged children in rural areas of the Mbeya region are mumps IgG-seropositive, which is significantly associated with the sharing of utensils and history of fever. This suggests that the virus is endemic in this region, which calls for further studies across the country so as to institute evidence-based, appropriate control measures including a vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M. Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Fausta Michael
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania;
| | - Helmut Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Frank Mbugano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Maneja B. Walwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Dina Mahamba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma P.O. Box 395, Tanzania;
| | - Delfina R. Msanga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Bernard Okamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Prisca Damiano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania; (H.N.); (F.M.); (M.B.W.); (P.D.); (S.E.M.)
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Li Y, Li J, Zhu Z, Zeng W, Zhu Q, Rong Z, Hu J, Li X, He G, Zhao J, Yin L, Quan Y, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Liu T, Ma W, Zeng S, Chen Q, Sun L, Xiao J. Exposure-response relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and varicella: a multicity study in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7594-7604. [PMID: 36044136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Varicella is a rising public health issue. Several studies have tried to quantify the relationships between meteorological factors and varicella incidence but with inconsistent results. We aim to investigate the impact of temperature and relative humidity on varicella, and to further explore the effect modification of these relationships. In this study, the data of varicella and meteorological factors from 2011 to 2019 in 21 cities of Guangdong Province, China were collected. Distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were constructed to explore the relationship between meteorological factors (temperature and relative humidity) and varicella in each city, controlling in school terms, holidays, seasonality, long-term trends, and day of week. Multivariate meta-analysis was applied to pool the city-specific estimations. And the meta-regression was used to explore the effect modification for the spatial heterogeneity of city-specific meteorological factors and social factors (such as disposable income per capita, vaccination coverage, and so on) on varicella. The results indicated that the relationship between temperature and varicella in 21 cities appeared nonlinear with an inverted S-shaped. The relative risk peaked at 20.8 ℃ (RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.65). The relative humidity-varicella relationship was approximately L-shaped, with a peaking risk at 69.5% relative humidity (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.50). The spatial heterogeneity of temperature-varicella relationships may be caused by income or varicella vaccination coverage. And varicella vaccination coverage may contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of the relative humidity-varicella relationship. The findings can help us deepen the understanding of the meteorological factors-varicella association and provide evidence for developing prevention strategy for varicella epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuhua Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Quan
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, Guangdong, China.
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A Multi-Age-Group Interrupted Time-Series Study for Evaluating the Effectiveness of National Expanded Program on Immunization on Mumps. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101587. [PMID: 36298452 PMCID: PMC9610758 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China has covered vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella, among children aged 18–24 months since September 2008. However, no previous studies have quantified the effectiveness of the EPI on mumps incidence. There are methodological challenges in assessing the effect of an intervention that targets a subpopulation but finally influences the whole population. In this study, monthly data on mumps incidence were collected in Guangzhou, China, during 2005–2019. We proposed a multi-age-group interrupted time-series design, setting the starting time of exerting effect separately for 14 different age groups. A mixed-effects quasi-Poisson regression was applied to analyze the effectiveness of the EPI on mumps incidence, after controlling for long-term and seasonal trends, and meteorological factors. The model also accounted for the first-order autocorrelation within each age group. Between-age-group correlations were expressed using the contact matrix of age groups. We found that 70,682 mumps cases were reported during 2005–2019, with an annual incidence rate of 37.91 cases per 100,000 population. The effect of EPI strengthened over time, resulting in a decrease in the incidence of mumps by 16.6% (EPI-associated excess risk% = −16.6%, 95% CI: −27.0% to −4.7%) in September 2009 to 40.1% (EPI-associated excess risk% = −40.1%, 95% CI: −46.1% to −33.3%) in September 2019. A reverse U-shape pattern was found in age-specific effect estimates, with the largest reduction of 129 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 14 to 1173) in those aged 4–5 years. The EPI is effective in reducing the mumps incidence in Guangzhou. The proposed modeling strategy can be applied for simultaneous assessment of the effectiveness of public health interventions across different age groups, with adequate adjustment for within- and between-group correlations.
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Tan H, Liang L, Yin X, Li C, Liu F, Wu C. Spatiotemporal analysis of pertussis in Hunan Province, China, 2009-2019. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055581. [PMID: 36691220 PMCID: PMC9462112 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of pertussis in Hunan Province, and provide a scientific basis for targeting preventive measures in areas with a high incidence of pertussis. DESIGN In this retrospective spatial and spatiotemporal (ecological) study, the surveillance and population data of Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019 were analysed. The ArcGIS V.10.3 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and visual display, and SaTScan V.9.6 software was used for statistical analysis of spatiotemporal scan data. SETTINGS Confirmed and suspected pertussis cases with current addresses in Hunan Province and onset dates between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS The study used aggregated data, including 6796 confirmed and suspected pertussis cases. RESULTS The seasonal peak occurred between March and September, and scattered children were at high risk. The global Moran's I was between 0.107 and 0.341 (p<0.05), which indicated that the incidence of pertussis in Hunan had a positive spatial autocorrelation. The results of local indicators of spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the hot spots were mainly distributed in the northeast region of Hunan Province. Moreover, both purely space and spatiotemporal scans showed that the central and northeastern parts were the most likely cluster areas with an epidemic period between March and October in 2018 and 2019. CONCLUSION The distribution of the pertussis epidemic in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019 shows spatiotemporal clustering. The clustering areas of the pertussis epidemic were concentrated in the central and northeastern parts of Hunan Province between March and October 2018 and 2019. In areas with low pertussis incidence, the strengthening of the monitoring system may reduce under-reporting. In areas with high pertussis incidence where we could study whether the genes of endemic pertussis strains are mutated and differ from vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xiaocheng Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - ChunYing Li
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Public Health Emergency Response Office, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengqiu Wu
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Li M, Liu Y, Yan T, Xue C, Zhu X, Yuan D, Hu R, Liu L, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang B. Epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2004 to 2020 in Jiangsu, China: a flexible spatial and spatiotemporal analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:1-26. [PMID: 35393005 PMCID: PMC9074115 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882200067x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mumps resurgence has frequently been reported around the world in recent years, especially in many counties mumps vaccines have been widely used. This study aimed to describe the spatial epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jiangsu, and provide a scientific basis for the implementation and adjustment of strategies to prevent and control mumps. The epidemiological characteristics were described with ratio or proportion. Spatial autocorrelation, Tango's flexible spatial scan statistics, and Kulldorff's elliptic spatiotemporal scan statistics were applied to identify the spatial autocorrelation, detect hot and cold spots of mumps incidence, and aggregation areas. A total of 172 775 cases were reported from 2004 to 2020 in Jiangsu. The general trend of mumps incidence is declining with a bimodal seasonal distribution identified mainly in summer and winter, respectively. Children aged 5–10 years old are the main risk group. A migration trend of hot spots from southeast to northwest over time was found. Similar high-risk aggregations were detected in the northwestern parts through spatial-temporal analysis with the most likely cluster time frame around 2019. Local medical and health administrations should formulate and implement targeted health care policies and allocate health resources more appropriately corresponding to the epidemiological characteristics of mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingma Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Defu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanbao Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Huang JF, Zhao ZY, Lu WK, Rui J, Deng B, Liu WK, Yang TL, Li ZY, Li PH, Liu C, Luo L, Zhao B, Wang YF, Li Q, Wang MZ, Chen TM. Correlation between mumps and meteorological factors in Xiamen City, China: A modelling study. Infect Dis Model 2022; 7:127-137. [PMID: 35573860 PMCID: PMC9062423 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mumps is a seasonal infectious disease, always occurring in winter and spring. In this study, we aim to analyze its epidemiological characteristics, transmissibility, and its correlation with meteorological variables. Method A seasonal Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious/Asymptomatic–Recovered model and a next-generation matrix method were applied to estimate the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt). Results The seasonal double peak of annual incidence was mainly in May to July and November to December. There was high transmission at the median of Rt = 1.091 (ranged: 0 to 4.393). Rt was seasonally distributed mainly from February to April and from September to November. Correlations were found between temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] ranged: from 0.101 to 0.115), average relative humidity (r = 0.070), average local pressure (r = -0.066), and the number of new cases. In addition, average local pressure (r = 0.188), average wind speed (r = 0.111), air temperature (r ranged: -0.128 to -0.150), average relative humidity (r = -0.203) and sunshine duration (r = -0.075) were all correlated with Rt. Conclusion A relatively high level of transmissibility has been found in Xiamen City, leading to a continuous epidemic of mumps. Meteorological factors, especially air temperature and relative humidity, may be more closely associated with mumps than other factors.
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Gayawan E, Lima EECD. A spatio-temporal analysis of cause-specific mortality in São Paulo State, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:287-298. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022271.32472020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Using five cause-specific mortality data sourced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and over 17 years period, we applied Bayesian spatio-temporal models on 644 municipalities of the state of São Paulo, using logistic model to the binary outcome that specifies whether or not the death was from a specific cause. We modeled the temporal mortality effects using B-splines, while the spatial components were considered through Gaussian and Markov random field, and inference was based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrate consistent downward trend in mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases and external causes, while those from neoplasms and respiratory are rising. Cardiovascular is the only cause-specific death that is kept constant in time. All the causes of death considered show heterogeneous spatial and temporal variations among the municipalities, which sometimes change considerably within successive years. Mortality from infectious diseases clustered around the Northwestern municipalities in 2000, but changes to the Southeastern part in 2016, a similar development as external death causes. The study identifies areas with increased and decreased odds mortality and could be useful in disease monitoring, especially if we consider small spatial units.
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10
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Lee YH, Choe YJ, Hwang SS, Cho SI. Spatiotemporal distribution of varicella in the Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2021; 94:703-712. [PMID: 34738261 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Varicella is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Given its tendency to cluster geographically, spatial analyses may provide a better understanding of the pattern of varicella transmission. We investigated the spatial characteristics of varicella in Korea and the risk factors for varicella at a national level. Using national surveillance and demographic data, we examined the spatial distribution of incidence rates and their spatial autocorrelation and calculated Moran's index. Spatial regression analysis was used to identify sociodemographic predictors of varicella incidence at the district level. An increasing tendency in the annual incidence of varicella was observed over a 12-year period (2006-2018), with a surge in 2017. There was a clear positive spatial autocorrelation of the varicella incidence rate during the surveillance period. During 2006-2014, High-High (HH) clusters were mostly confined to the northeast region and neighboring districts. The spatial error model showed that population density had a negative coefficient and childhood percentage, percentage of children under 12 years of age among the total population, had positive coefficient, whereas vaccine coverage was insignificant. The varicella incidence according to geographic region varied with population density, childhood percentage, suggesting the importance of community-level surveillance and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwa Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Byun HG, Lee N, Hwang SS. A Systematic Review of Spatial and Spatio-temporal Analyses in Public Health Research in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:301-308. [PMID: 34649392 PMCID: PMC8517372 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite its advantages, it is not yet common practice in Korea for researchers to investigate disease associations using spatio-temporal analyses. In this study, we aimed to review health-related epidemiological research using spatio-temporal analyses and to observe methodological trends. METHODS Health-related studies that applied spatial or spatio-temporal methods were identified using 2 international databases (PubMed and Embase) and 4 Korean academic databases (KoreaMed, NDSL, DBpia, and RISS). Two reviewers extracted data to review the included studies. A search for relevant keywords yielded 5919 studies. RESULTS Of the studies that were initially found, 150 were ultimately included based on the eligibility criteria. In terms of the research topic, 5 categories with 11 subcategories were identified: chronic diseases (n=31, 20.7%), infectious diseases (n=27, 18.0%), health-related topics (including service utilization, equity, and behavior) (n=47, 31.3%), mental health (n=15, 10.0%), and cancer (n=7, 4.7%). Compared to the period between 2000 and 2010, more studies published between 2011 and 2020 were found to use 2 or more spatial analysis techniques (35.6% of included studies), and the number of studies on mapping increased 6-fold. CONCLUSIONS Further spatio-temporal analysis-related studies with point data are needed to provide insights and evidence to support policy decision-making for the prevention and control of infectious and chronic diseases using advances in spatial techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Geul Byun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Naae Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Li X, Chen D, Zhang Y, Xue X, Zhang S, Chen M, Liu X, Ding G. Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Shandong Province, China during 2005-2014. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1597. [PMID: 34461855 PMCID: PMC8403828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little comprehensive information on overall epidemic trend of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases is available in Shandong Province, China. This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemic characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS Time series was firstly performed to describe the temporal distribution feature of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases during 2005-2014 in Shandong Province. GIS Natural Breaks (Jenks) was applied to divide the average annual incidence of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases into five grades. Spatial empirical Bayesian smoothed risk maps and excess risk maps were further used to investigate spatial patterns of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases. Global and local Moran's I statistics were used to measure the spatial autocorrelation. Spatial-temporal scanning was used to detect spatiotemporal clusters and identify high-risk locations. RESULTS A total of 537,506 cases of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases were reported in Shandong Province during 2005-2014. The morbidity of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases had obvious seasonality with high morbidity in winter and spring. Local Moran's I analysis showed that there were 5, 23, 24, 4, 20, 8, 14, 10 and 7 high-risk counties determined for influenza A (H1N1), measles, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, mumps and rubella, respectively. The spatial-temporal clustering analysis determined that the most likely cluster of influenza A (H1N1), measles, tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, pertussis, scarlet fever, influenza, mumps and rubella included 74, 66, 58, 56, 22, 64, 2, 75 and 56 counties, and the time frame was November 2009, March 2008, January 2007, February 2005, July 2007, December 2011, November 2009, June 2012 and May 2005, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There were obvious spatiotemporal clusters of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in Shandong during 2005-2014. More attention should be paid to the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of notifiable respiratory infectious diseases to establish new strategies for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongzhen Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong Province, China.,Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, 252100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaojia Xue
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengyang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 272113, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuena Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No.619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong Province, China.
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Peng Y, Yang T, Zhu Y, Hu Q, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Rui J, Lin S, Liu X, Xu J, Yang M, Deng B, Huang J, Liu W, Luo L, Liu C, Li Z, Li P, Kong D, Yang X, Chen T. Estimating the Transmissibility of Mumps: A Modelling Study in Wuhan City, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:683720. [PMID: 34414203 PMCID: PMC8369200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.683720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the adoption of a national immunization program in China, the incidence of mumps remains high. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics, including the time, region, occupation, and age, of mumps in Wuhan from 2005 to 2018 and to evaluate its transmissibility. In this study, the susceptible-exposed-infectious-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) model fitted the actual incidence data of mumps. The effective reproduction number (R t ) was used to evaluate and compare the transmission capacity in different areas. From 2005 to 2018, there were 36,415 cases. The incidence of mumps was highest among people aged 5-10 years (460.02 per 100,000). The SEIAR model fitted the reported mumps data well (P < 0.01). The median transmissibility (R t ) was 1.04 (range = 0-2.50). There were two peak spreads every year (from March to May and from October to December). The R t peak always appeared in the first 2 months of the peak incidence rate. The peak time of the epidemic spread of mumps was 1-2 months earlier than the peak incidence rate. The prevention and control measures of vaccination for children aged 5-10 years should be taken before the peak transmission capacity each year, 2 months before the peak of the outbreak, to reduce the spread of mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Timeliness, completeness, and timeliness-and-completeness of serial routine vaccinations among rural children in Southwest China: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling survey. Vaccine 2021; 39:3236-3249. [PMID: 33966907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination coverage is widely used as metric of vaccination programme performance. However, VPDs outbreaks were reported in areas with high vaccination coverage. Timeliness and completeness have been considered more important assessment indicators of routine vaccination than overall vaccination coverage, but little is known in rural China. This study aimed to assess the timeliness and completeness of serial routine vaccinations among children in rural Southwest China. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster survey was conducted among 1062 children aged 18-48 months in rural Guangxi. Vaccination status was obtained from child's vaccination certificate. We calculated timely vaccination coverage, complete vaccination coverage, timely-and-complete vaccination coverage and 95% CI for routine vaccination through weighted estimation analysis. Weighted Kaplan-Meier analyses were applied to estimate the median delay periods for each dose of serial routine vaccines, including one-dose BCG, three-dose HepB, three-dose OPV, four-dose DTP, two-dose MCV, two-dose JEV and two-dose MPV-A. Complete coverage, and timely-and-complete coverage for combined 5-vaccine series were calculated. RESULTS For each dose of routine vaccines, overall vaccination coverages were over 90%, but timely vaccination coverage ranged from the lowest of 44.4% for JEV1 to the highest of 92.5% for MPV-A1. For multi-dose routine vaccines, complete vaccination coverages varied from the lowest of 92.9% for MCV to the highest of 100% for HepB, and timely-and-complete vaccination coverages were lower than 80%, ranging from the lowest of 30% for JEV to the highest of 77.2% for MPV-A. For combined 5-vaccine series, complete coverage was 77%, while timely-and-complete coverage was 12.1%. MPV-A1 had the longest median delay of 176 days, but BCG and HepB1 had the shortest of 1 day. CONCLUSIONS The overall coverages of serial routine vaccinations were high, but the timeliness and completeness were poor. Relevant agencies of vaccination service should address timeliness-and-completeness into the assessment indicators of routine vaccination service quality.
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15
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Tchole AIM, Li ZW, Wei JT, Ye RZ, Wang WJ, Du WY, Wang HT, Yin CN, Ji XK, Xue FZ, Bachir AM, Zhao L, Cao WC. Epidemic and control of COVID-19 in Niger: quantitative analyses in a least developed country. J Glob Health 2021; 10:020513. [PMID: 33312506 PMCID: PMC7719275 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the public health response system worldwide, especially in poverty-stricken, war-torn, and least developed countries (LDCs). Methods We characterized the epidemiological features and spread dynamics of COVID-19 in Niger, quantified the effective reproduction number (Rt), evaluated the impact of public health control measures, and estimated the disease burden. Results As of 4 July 2020, COVID-19 has affected 29 communes of Niger with 1093 confirmed cases, among whom 741 (67.8%) were males. Of them 89 cases died, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 8.1%. Both attack rates and CFRs were increased with age (P < 0.0001). Health care workers accounted for 12.8% cases. Among the reported cases, 39.3% were isolated and treated at home, and 42.3% were asymptomatic. 74.6% cases were clustered in Niamey, the capital of Niger. The Rt fluctuated in correlation to control measures at different outbreak stages. After the authorities initiated the national response and implemented the strictest control measures, Rt quickly dropped to below the epidemic threshold (<1), and maintained low level afterward. The national disability-adjusted life years attributable to COVID-19 was 1267.38 years in total, of which years of life lost accounted for over 99.1%. Conclusions Classic public health control measures such as prohibition of public gatherings, travelling ban, contact tracing, and isolation and quarantine at home, are proved to be effective to contain the outbreak in Niger, and provide guidance for controlling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in LDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Issakou Malam Tchole
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.,Directorate of Surveillance and Response to Epidemics, Ministry of Public Health, Niamey, Niger
| | - Zhen-Wei Li
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Te Wei
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ze Ye
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Yu Du
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Yin
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kang Ji
- Institute for Medical Dataology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Zhong Xue
- Institute for Medical Dataology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Alassan Maman Bachir
- Directorate of Surveillance and Response to Epidemics, Ministry of Public Health, Niamey, Niger
| | - Lin Zhao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Pang H, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Jiang Q. Epidemiological changes in mumps infections between 1990 and 2017 in urban area of Shanghai, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:1358-1365. [PMID: 33175643 PMCID: PMC8078658 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1827610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was recommended for children in Shanghai in November 1996 and incorporated into Shanghai immunization program in December 2008. We described the mumps epidemiology and assessed impact of the 2-dose MMR vaccination in Changning district, Shanghai, 1990–2017. We obtained the MMR vaccination coverage for children born during 1995–2015 and examined the incidence and disease characteristics of mumps during 1990–2017. The 1st dose MMR coverage had maintained above 95% since 1999 birth cohort. The 2nd dose MMR coverage reached above 90% since 2006 birth cohort. A total of 13,388 cases were reported during 1990–2017. The incidence decreased from 315.2 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 8.8 per 100,000 population in 2017. Of the 13,388 cases, 7585 (56.7%) were male and 91.7% were 1–14 years of age and 86.8% were children in kindergartens and students in schools. Compared with 1990–1996, the incidence had a significant decrease in 0–4 and ≥15 years in 1997–2008 and in all age groups in 2009–2017. A later birth cohort was associated with a lower incidence in children covered by MMR vaccination. In Conclusions, the incidence of mumps has dramatically declined with high coverage of 2-dose MMR in Changning district, Shanghai. Children in kindergartens and schools are still the most affected populations. An increase in incidence in adults has not occurred after 20 years of MMR vaccination. Long-term surveillance is needed to fully evaluate the impact of MMR vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pang
- Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibiao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensui Zhao
- Changning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Wu H, You E, Jiang C, Yang Y, Wang L, Niu Q, Lu X, Huang F. Effects of extreme meteorological factors on daily mumps cases in Hefei, China, during 2011-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4489-4501. [PMID: 31832956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mumps remains one of the worldwide major health problems over the past decade. Seasonal variations of mumps indicate that meteorological factors play an important role in the development of mumps, but few studies have investigated the relationship between extreme meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps. Daily mumps cases and meteorological factors in Hefei, China, from 2011 to 2016 were obtained. A generalized additive model combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to quantify the risk of extreme meteorological factors on mumps incidence. Nonlinear relationships were observed among all meteorological factors and mumps incidence. We found that extremely low and high temperatures increased the risk of mumps. The relative risks (RRs) of the cumulative effects along 30 lag days were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.14-3.56) and 2.42 (95%CI: 1.37-4.24), respectively. Both short and long sunshine duration had negative correlation on mumps, with cumulative RRs of 0.64 (95%CI: 0.46-0.92) and 0.57 (95%CI: 0.44-0.74), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, males were found to be more sensitive to extreme weather, especially extreme temperatures and sunshine duration. This study suggests that extreme meteorological factors, especially extreme temperatures and sunshine duration, exert a significant impact on the incidence of mumps. When formulating and implementing effective strategies to the prevention and control of mumps, authorities should take the effect caused by extreme meteorological factors into consideration and pay more attention to susceptible populations, such as male children and teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Enqing You
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 86 Luan Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Chunxiao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qingshan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuelei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Central Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Laboratory for environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Zhu H, Zhao H, Ou R, Xiang H, Hu L, Jing D, Sharma M, Ye M. Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mumps from 2004 to 2018 in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173052. [PMID: 31443544 PMCID: PMC6747306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mumps vaccines have been widely used in recent years, but frequent mumps outbreaks and re-emergence around the world have not stopped. Mumps still remains a serious public health problem with a high incidence in China. The status of mumps epidemics in Chongqing, the largest city in China, is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of mumps and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies for its prevention and control. Surveillance data of mumps in Chongqing from January 2004 to December 2018 were collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System. A descriptive analysis was conducted to understand the epidemiological characteristics. Hot spots and spatiotemporal patterns were identified by performing a spatial autocorrelation analysis, a purely spatial scan, and a spatiotemporal scan at the county level based on geographic information systems. A total of 895,429 mumps cases were reported in Chongqing, with an annual average incidence of 36.34 per 100,000. The yearly incidence of mumps decreased markedly from 2004 to 2007, increased sharply from 2007 to 2011, and then tapered with a two-year cyclical peak after 2011. The onset of mumps showed an obvious bimodal seasonal distribution, with a higher peak of mumps observed from April to July of each year. Children aged 5–9 years old, males, and students were the prime high-risk groups. The spatial distribution of mumps did not exhibit significant global autocorrelation in most years, but local indicators of spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics detected high-incidence clusters which were mainly located in the midwestern, western, northeastern, and southwestern parts of Chongqing. The aggregation time frame detected by the purely temporal scan was between March 2009 and July 2013. The incidence of mumps in Chongqing from 2004 to 2018 featured significant spatial heterogeneity and spatiotemporal clustering. The findings of this study might assist public health agencies to develop real-time space monitoring, especially in the clustering regions and at peak periods; to improve immunization strategies for long-term prevention; and to deploy health resources reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Rong Ou
- Department of Medical Informatics Library, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyan Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA
| | - Mengliang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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