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Clark JA, Gouliouris T, Conway Morris A, Curran MD, White D, Daubney E, Navapurkar V, Baker S, Pathan N. Enhanced diagnosis of severe bacterial and fungal respiratory infection in children using a rapid syndromic array-case report. Transl Pediatr 2024; 13:697-703. [PMID: 38715674 PMCID: PMC11071030 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A microbiological cause of infection is infrequently identified in critically unwell children with a respiratory infection. Molecular diagnostic arrays provide an alternative. These tests are becoming more broadly available, but little is known about how clinicians interpret the results to impact clinical decision making. Case Description Here we describe three cases of bacterial and fungal lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) diagnosed in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) using a custom 52 respiratory pathogen TaqMan array card (TAC). Firstly, an early diagnosis of Candida albicans pneumonia was made with the support of the TAC in a trauma patient who received prolonged mechanical ventilation. The pathogen was only identified on microbiological cultures after further clinical deterioration had occurred. Secondly, a rare case of psittacosis was identified in an adolescent with acute respiratory distress, initially suspected to have multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Finally, Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia was identified in an infant with recurrent apnoeas, initially treated for meningitis. Two diagnoses would not have been established using commercially available arrays, and pathogen-specific diagnoses were established faster than that of routine microbiological culture. Conclusions The pathogens included on molecular arrays and interpretation by a multidisciplinary team are crucial in providing value to PICU diagnostic services. Molecular arrays have the potential to enhance early pathogen-specific diagnosis of LRTI in the PICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alexander Clark
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Theodore Gouliouris
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin D. Curran
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah White
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Daubney
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vilas Navapurkar
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nazima Pathan
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Hu JJ, Wang DL, Tzeng IS. Impact of FilmArray respiratory panel test for hospitalized pediatric respiratory tract infection in Taiwan: A 3-year single-center cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37320. [PMID: 38552101 PMCID: PMC10977531 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are prevalent and clinically significant in pediatric populations globally. However, pathogen testing often involves time-consuming processes, resulting in delays in diagnosis. To date, commercial testing machines, such as the FilmArray respiratory panel, have been proposed for hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the FilmArray respiratory panel at a single center. This study utilized the medical records of our hospital to select pediatric inpatients with respiratory tract infections who underwent the FilmArray respiratory panel between September 2020 and April 2021 and those who did not undergo nucleic acid detection (a rapid test group) between September 2019 and April 2020. FilmArray is a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tool. The FilmArray respiratory panel group was scheduled to recruit 150 patients (final 137 patients), whereas the rapid test group was scheduled to recruit 300 patients (final 267 patients). Differences in continuous variables between the 2 groups were analyzed using independent Student t tests. The FilmArray respiratory panel group had a longer length of inpatient days, longer duration of antibiotic use, and higher proportion of pathogens that tested positive, with significant differences than those in the rapid test group. Fever duration showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. For the polymerase chain reaction method, respiratory syncytial virus was the most commonly detected pathogen causing pneumonia, followed by human rhinovirus/enterovirus and parainfluenza virus. Mycoplasma was detected using the rapid test but not with the FilmArray respiratory panel. The FilmArray respiratory panel provides clinicians with a rapid and useful diagnostic tool. The effect was quite good for virus detection, but not for bacteria. Given its limited adoption, the tool may not aid clinicians in the diagnosis of mild cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Ling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Hong YJ, Jung BK, Kim JK. Epidemiological Characterization of Respiratory Pathogens Using the Multiplex PCR FilmArray™ Respiratory Panel. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:734. [PMID: 38611647 PMCID: PMC11011807 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Various pathogens can cause upper respiratory tract infections, presenting challenges in accurate diagnosis due to similar symptomatology. Therefore, rapid and precise diagnostic tests are crucial for effective treatment planning. Traditional culture-based methods for diagnosis are limited by their reliance on skilled personnel and lengthy processing times. In contrast, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques offer enhanced accuracy and speed in identifying respiratory pathogens. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of the FilmArray™ Respiratory Panel (RP), a multiplex PCR test capable of simultaneously screening 20 pathogens. This retrospective analysis was conducted at Dankook University Hospital, South Korea, between January 2018 and December 2022. Samples from patients with upper respiratory tract infections were analyzed. Results revealed adenovirus as the most prevalent pathogen (18.9%), followed by influenza virus A (16.5%), among others. Notably, a 22.5% co-infection rate was observed. The FilmArray™ RP method successfully identified 20 pathogens within 2 h, facilitating prompt treatment decisions and mitigating unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. This study underscores the utility of multiplex PCR in respiratory pathogen identification, offering valuable insights for epidemiological surveillance and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo Kyeung Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
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Clark JA, Curran MD, Gouliouris T, Conway Morris A, Bousfield R, Navapurkar V, Kean IRL, Daubney E, White D, Baker S, Pathan N. Rapid Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Critically Ill Children Using a Custom TaqMan Array Card. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1701. [PMID: 38136735 PMCID: PMC10740637 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are identified in only 22% of critically ill children with respiratory infections treated with antimicrobial therapy. Once an organism is isolated, antimicrobial susceptibility results (phenotypic testing) can take another day. A rapid diagnostic test identifying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes could help clinicians make earlier, informed antimicrobial decisions. Here we aimed to validate a custom AMR gene TaqMan Array Card (AMR-TAC) for the first time and assess its feasibility as a screening tool in critically ill children. An AMR-TAC was developed using a combination of commercial and bespoke targets capable of detecting 23 AMR genes. This was validated using isolates with known phenotypic resistance. The card was then tested on lower respiratory tract and faecal samples obtained from mechanically ventilated children in a single-centre observational study of respiratory infection. There were 82 children with samples available, with a median age of 1.2 years. Major comorbidity was present in 29 (35%) children. A bacterial respiratory pathogen was identified in 13/82 (16%) of children, of which 4/13 (31%) had phenotypic AMR. One AMR gene was detected in 49/82 (60%), and multiple AMR genes were detected in 14/82 (17%) children. Most AMR gene detections were not associated with the identification of phenotypic AMR. AMR genes are commonly detected in samples collected from mechanically ventilated children with suspected respiratory infections. AMR-TAC may have a role as an adjunct test in selected children in whom there is a high suspicion of antimicrobial treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Clark
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (I.R.L.K.); (E.D.); (D.W.); (N.P.)
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Martin D. Curran
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Theodore Gouliouris
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Rachel Bousfield
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Vilas Navapurkar
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Iain R. L. Kean
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (I.R.L.K.); (E.D.); (D.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Esther Daubney
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (I.R.L.K.); (E.D.); (D.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Deborah White
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (I.R.L.K.); (E.D.); (D.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK;
| | - Nazima Pathan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (I.R.L.K.); (E.D.); (D.W.); (N.P.)
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (T.G.); (A.C.M.); (R.B.); (V.N.)
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Zhang X, Knoth C, Pham A, Lima A, Dominguez R, Ibarra-Flores I, Lopez JC, Uy D, Silbert S, Patel A, Aye M, Tang YW, Dien Bard J. The Clinical Performance of the BioCode Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Detection of Viruses and Bacteria from Nasopharyngeal Swabs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0404422. [PMID: 37039708 PMCID: PMC10269715 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04044-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of microbial pathogens causing respiratory tract infection plays a crucial role in clinical management. The BioCode Respiratory Pathogen Panel (BioCode RPP) utilizes reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in combination with barcoded magnetic beads to amplify, detect, and identify respiratory pathogens. This panel qualitatively detects and identifies 14 viruses, including influenza virus A with H1 pdm09, H1, and H3 subtyping; influenza B; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); human metapneumovirus; parainfluenza virus 1; parainfluenza virus 2; parainfluenza virus 3; parainfluenza virus 4; coronavirus (229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1); adenovirus; and human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and 3 bacteria, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis. Reproducibility, which was assessed with contrived specimens containing 12 targets at 3 clinical sites, with 2 operators at each site for 5 days, was 99.4% for Flu A H3 and Flu B, 98.9% for RSV, and 100% for the remaining 9 targets assayed. A multicenter clinical trial evaluated the performance of the BioCode RPP with 2,647 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 5 geographically distinct sites and revealed comparable performance between the BioCode RPP and FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FA-RP). Specifically, the positive percent agreements (PPAs) for various pathogens ranged between 80.8% and 100% compared with the FA-RP (1.7 and 2.0). Negative percent agreement ranged from 98.4% to 100% for BioCode RPP. The BioCode RPP also offers scalable automated testing capability of up to 96 specimens in a single run with total sample-to-result time under 5 h. The invalid rate of the BioCode RPP on initial testing was 1.0% (26/2,649). IMPORTANCE Early detection of microbial pathogens causing respiratory tract infection plays a crucial role in clinical management. The BioCode Respiratory Pathogen Panel (BioCode RPP) is a high-throughput test that utilizes RT-PCR in combination with barcoded magnetic beads to amplify, detect, and identify 17 respiratory pathogens, including 14 viruses and 3 bacteria. This study summarizes data generated from a multicenter clinical trial evaluating the performance of the BioCode RPP on 2,647 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from five geographically distinct sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Sichuan Academy of Medicine & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Colleen Knoth
- Applied BioCode Inc., Santa Fe Springs, California, USA
| | - Anh Pham
- Applied BioCode Inc., Santa Fe Springs, California, USA
| | | | - Rosario Dominguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irvin Ibarra-Flores
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juan C. Lopez
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dominic Uy
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Aye
- Applied BioCode Inc., Santa Fe Springs, California, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Dien Bard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Nakamura T, Imai R, Kitamura A, So C, Ro S, Okafuji K, Tomishima Y, Jinta T, Nishimura N. Investigating Viral Involvement in Immunocompromised Patients Using Comprehensive Infectious Disease Testing Including FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 on Bronchoscopy: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38820. [PMID: 37303378 PMCID: PMC10256251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reports are rare on the usefulness of the FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 (FARP) using lower respiratory tract specimens. This retrospective study assessed its use, as part of a comprehensive infectious disease panel, to detect the viral causes of pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage samples from immunosuppressed patients. Methods This study included immunocompromised patients who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing by bronchoscopy between April 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022. The collected samples were submitted for comprehensive testing, including FARP test; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus DNA, and herpes simplex virus; PCR for Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA; antigen testing for Aspergillus and Cryptococcus neoformans; and loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for Legionella. Results Out of 23 patients, 16 (70%) showed bilateral infiltrative shadows on computed tomography and three (13%) were intubated. The most common causes of immunosuppression were anticancer drug use (n=12, 52%) and hematologic tumors (n=11, 48%). Only two (9%) patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and adenovirus by FARP. Four patients (17%) tested positive for cytomegalovirus by RT-PCR, but no inclusion bodies were identified cytologically. Nine (39%) patients tested positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii by PCR, but cytology confirmed the organism in only one case. Conclusions Comprehensive infectious disease testing, performed using bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected from lung lesions in immunosuppressed patients, showed low positive detection by FARP. The viruses currently detectable by FARP may be less involved in viral pneumonia diagnosed in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Clara So
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Hayotte A, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Boizeau P, Dauger S, Riaud C, Lacarra B, Bourmaud A, Levy M. Viral Identification Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Does Not Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Paediatric Intensive Care Units. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040884. [PMID: 37110306 PMCID: PMC10143589 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PCR tests for viral identification, performed on nasopharyngeal secretions, have experienced a major boom in the last few years. Their use is very frequent, but their indications are still not well defined, especially in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). These tests are used for the microbiological diagnosis of lower respiratory infections but can be used in other situations. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of viral identification on antibiotic therapy management. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study from 1 October 2017 to 31 December 2019. This study included all consecutive FilmArray® Respiratory Panel tests performed in patients hospitalised in a PICU. Patients were identified using the microbiology laboratory prospective database and data were extracted from the medical record. 544 tests corresponding to 408 patients were included. The main reasons for testing were pneumonia (34%) and bronchiolitis (24%). In 70% of cases, at least one virus was identified, with Human Rhinovirus (56%) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (28%) being the two predominant. Bacterial co-infection was present in 25% of cases. Viral identification was not associated with reduced antibiotic therapy. On multivariate analysis, antibiotic management was significantly associated with clinical gravity, CRP value or radiology findings regardless of virus identification. Viral identification has an epidemiological value, but antibiotic prescription relies on other factors.
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Yen TY, Chen JF, Lu CY, Wu ET, Wang CC, Lu FL, Huang LM, Chang LY. Application of nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction respiratory and pneumonia panels in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28334. [PMID: 36418155 PMCID: PMC10108056 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious clinical concern. A lack of accurate diagnosis could hinder pathogen-directed therapeutic strategies. To solve this problem, we evaluated clinical application of nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in children with severe CAP. We prospectively enrolled 60 children with severe CAP requiring intensive care between December 2019 and November 2021 at a tertiary medical center. Nested multiplex PCR respiratory panel (RP) and pneumonia panel (PP) were performed on upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. We integrated standard-of-care tests and quantitative PCR for validation. The combination of RP, PP, and standard-of-care tests could detect at least one pathogen in 98% of cases and the mixed viral-bacterial detection rate was 65%. The positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement (NPA) for RP were 94% and 99%; the PPA and NPA for PP were 89% and 98%. The distribution of pathogens was similar in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and the DNA or RNA copies of pathogens in the lower respiratory tract were equal to or higher than those in the upper respiratory tract. PP detected bacterial pathogens in 40 (67%) cases, and clinicians tended to increase bacterial diagnosis and escalate antimicrobial therapy for them. RP and PP had satisfactory performance to help pediatricians make pathogenic diagnoses and establish therapy earlier. The pathogens in the upper respiratory tract had predictive diagnostic values for lower respiratory tract infections in children with severe CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Ting Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luan-Yin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chiu YT, Tien N, Lin HC, Wei HM, Lai HC, Chen JA, Low YY, Lin HH, Hsu YL, Hwang KP. Detection of respiratory pathogens by application of multiplex PCR panel during early period of COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Central Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:1144-1150. [PMID: 34674956 PMCID: PMC8493640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) represent a major cause of clinical visits worldwide. Viral epidemiology of RTIs in adults has been less studied compared to children. FilmArray respiratory panel (FA-RP), a multiplex, real time polymerase chain reaction method can simultaneously detect the nucleic acids of multiple pathogens. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiology and clinical presentations of an RTI cohort. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) and China Medical University Children's Hospital (CMUCH), from January 2020 to June 2020. The FA-RP results were collected and analyzed according to upper versus lower RTIs. RESULTS Among 253 respiratory samples tested, 135 (53.4%) were from adults and 118 (46.6%) from children. A total positive rate of 33.9% (86/253) was found, with 21.48% (29/135) in adults and 48.31% (57/118) in children. Human rhinovirus/Enterovirus (HRV/EV) was detected in most of the age groups and was more common in URIs. HRV/EV was found as a frequent co-detection virus. Among children, HRV/EV was the most detected pathogen of URIs, while the most predominant pathogen in LRIs was Mycoplasma pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS FA-RP has the potential to improve the detection rate of respiratory pathogens. The positive rate of FA-RP was higher in children compared to adults, which likely corresponds to the higher incidence of viral RTIs in children. Different pathogens may lead to different types of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Wei
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Lai
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-An Chen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yi Low
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lung Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City, 40447, Taiwan. Fax: +886 4 22032798
| | - Kao-Pin Hwang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung City, 40447, Taiwan. Fax: +886 4 22064008
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Sulistyorini L, Li CY, Lutpiatina L, Utama RD, Nurlailah. Gendered Impact of Age, Toilet Facilities, and Cooking Fuels on the Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers in Indonesia and the Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14582. [PMID: 36361461 PMCID: PMC9656953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five in Indonesia and the Philippines and to implement a primary review of the characteristics of toddlers and their households in both countries. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Indonesia and the Philippines. The characteristics of children, mothers, and households were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to examine the significant correlations between variables. RESULTS The percentage of children under five with ARI symptoms in 2017 was 1.51% in the Philippines and 4.22% in Indonesia. In Indonesia, males aged under one year had significantly lower occurrences of ARI symptoms (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.82). In the Philippines, dirty cooking fuels had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in female toddlers (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.02-15.83). In the Philippines, the unavailability of toilet facilities had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in male toddlers (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.15-6.16). CONCLUSION The comparison of risk factors between male and female toddlers revealed different results in some variables, as follows: children aged under one year, dirty cooking fuels, and unavailable toilet facilities. The role of parents is fundamental in taking care of female toddlers, since they are more exposed to ARI at the age of under one year and are more prone to indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilis Sulistyorini
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Leka Lutpiatina
- Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
| | - Ricko Dharmadi Utama
- Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
| | - Nurlailah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin, Mistar Cokrokusumo Street 4a, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
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11
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Distribution of Viral Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the FilmArray Respiratory Panel. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112734. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of respiratory viral pathogens in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Between May 2020 and September 2022, patients aged between 0.1 and 98 years arrived at the emergency department of Asia University Hospital, and samples from nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by the FilmArrayTM Respiratory Panel (RP). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was subsequently retested by the cobas Liat system. There were 804 patients for whom the FilmArrayTM RP was tested, and 225 (27.9%) of them had positive results for respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most commonly detected pathogen, with 170 (61.8%) cases, followed by adenovirus with 38 (13.8%), SARS-CoV-2 with 16 (5.8%) cases, and coronavirus 229E, with 16 (5.8%) cases. SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were positive in 16 (5.8%) cases, and there were two coinfections of SARS-CoV-2 with adenovirus and rhinovirus/enterovirus. A total of 43 (5.3%) patients were coinfected; the most coinfection was adenovirus plus rhinovirus/enterovirus, which was detectable in 18 (41.9%) cases. No atypical pathogens were found in this study. Intriguingly, our results showed that there was prefect agreement between the detection of SARS-CoV-2 conducted with the cobas Liat SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B nucleic acid test and the FilmArrayTM RP. Therefore, the FilmArrayTM RP assay is a reliable and feasible method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, FilmArrayTM RP significantly broadens our capability to detect multiple respiratory infections due to viruses and atypical bacteria. It provides a prompt evaluation of pathogens to enhance patient care and clinical selection strategies in emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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12
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Duclos M, Hommel B, Allantaz F, Powell M, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M. Multiplex PCR Detection of Respiratory Tract Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Negative Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department: an International Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0236822. [PMID: 36154273 PMCID: PMC9603986 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02368-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a common cause of visits to the hospital emergency department. During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nonpharmaceutical intervention has influenced the rates of circulating respiratory viruses. In this study, we sought to detect RTI etiological agents other than SARS-CoV-2 in emergency department patients from 13 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa from December 2020 to March 2021. We sought to measure the impact of patient characteristics and national-level behavioral restrictions on the positivity rate for RTI agents. Using the BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.0 Plus, 1,334 nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with RTI symptoms who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 were tested. The rate of positivity for viral or bacterial targets was 36.3%. Regarding viral targets, human rhinovirus or enterovirus was the most prevalent (56.5%), followed by human coronaviruses (11.0%) and adenoviruses (9.9%). Interestingly, age stratification showed that the positivity rate was significantly higher in the children's group than in the adults' group (68.8% versus 28.2%). In particular, human rhinovirus or enterovirus, the respiratory syncytial virus, and other viruses, such as the human metapneumovirus, were more frequently detected in children than in adults. A logistic regression model was also used to determine an association between the rate of positivity for viral agents with each country's behavioral restrictions or with patients' age and sex. Despite the impact of behavioral restrictions, various RTI pathogens were actively circulating, particularly in children, across the 13 countries. IMPORTANCE As SARS-CoV-2 has dominated the diagnostic strategies for RTIs during the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, our data provide evidence that a variety of RTI pathogens may be circulating in each of the 13 countries included in the study. It is now plausible that the COVID-19 pandemic will one day move forward to endemicity. Our study illustrates the potential utility of detecting respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 in patients who are admitted to the emergency department for RTI symptoms. Knowing if a symptomatic patient is solely infected by an RTI pathogen or coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 may drive timely and appropriate clinical decision-making, especially in the emergency department setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Almannaei L, Alsaadoon E, AlbinAli S, Taha M, Lambert I. A retrospective study examining the clinical significance of testing respiratory panels in children who presented to a tertiary hospital in 2019. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000332. [PMID: 35693466 PMCID: PMC9175981 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospital visits in the paediatric population and carry significant associated morbidity and mortality in this population. The introduction of respiratory panel testing has been said to guide clinicians in the overall management of patients. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study examining all respiratory panels carried out in our hospital during 2019 on paediatric patients. Patients included were those who had symptoms indicative of respiratory infections who presented acutely, including those with chronic respiratory conditions. A total of 188 respiratory panel results were obtained along with collected patient data. These were analysed using SPSS V. 25.0 to get the below mentioned results. Results. The majority (76.6 %) of patients were less than 3 years with 59 % of total population being males. The majority (80.9 %) had mild clinical severity score. The most common pathogen that was detected on the respiratory panel was Enterovirus Human Rhinovirus spp, followed by the influenza viruses. Only four cases were positive for bacterial pathogens (two Mycoplasma pneumoniae, one Bordetella pertussis and one Chlamydia pneumoniae), which accounts for 2.1 % of all panels analysed. The significance of respiratory panels in influencing treatment were analysed in the forms of change of management plans before and after results of respiratory panels. This was observed in 14.4 % of patients who were not on any empiric medication and then based on panel results were started on medications, as well as 11.7 % who were on medications already, and the medications were altered based on the result of the panel (Chi square P=0.057). This was mainly seen with cases of influenza A H1N1 patients and to a lesser extent, Mycoplasma pneumonia. Conclusion. The use of respiratory panels in our hospital had little impact on patient care and management. The main organisms that influenced clinician decision in treatment were influenza A viruses and bacterial organisms (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis). Other than that, the use of clinical judgement proved more beneficial. We recommend use of specific testing for these organisms rather than the whole panel as case to case bases, which would be more cost-effective and consistent with patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulwa Almannaei
- Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Ebrahim Alsaadoon
- Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Sultan AlbinAli
- Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Taha
- Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Imelda Lambert
- Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain
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14
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Fireizen Y, Babbitt CJ, Adams S, Morphew T, Ferro ET, Randhawa I. The Impact of Pneumonia PCR Panel Testing in the PICU: A Quality Improvement Study. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInappropriate antibiotic usage can contribute to the promotion of resistant bacteria. In an effort to reduce antibiotic length of therapy (LOT), we initiated a performance improvement project utilizing pneumonia polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in ventilated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients suspected of tracheitis or pneumonia. This is a single-center cohort intervention study that compared pre- and postimplementation patients. The intervention was the use of a pneumonia PCR panel on all PICU patients undergoing an evaluation for acute tracheitis or pneumonia during the postimplementation period. The inclusion criteria were either acute or acute on chronic respiratory failure. After an 8-month period, the charts were reviewed from both cohorts and baseline data, and outcome data were compared by statistical analysis. A total of 41 preimplementation and 30 postimplementation patients were compared, and no baseline differences were found except postimplementation patients being slightly older (133 vs. 56 months, p-value = 0.040). Analysis of the primary outcome measures found that the time to identification of organism (5 vs. 67 hours) and LOT (5 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001) were shorter in postimplementation patients compared with preimplementation patients. Antibiotics were changed based on the results of the pneumonia PCR on 18 of 30 patients (60%). There was no difference in ventilator-free days, PICU length of stay, or mortality. In conclusion, pneumonia PCR panel testing leads to more rapid results and is associated with reduced antibiotic LOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Fireizen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Christopher J. Babbitt
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States
| | - Susan Adams
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacy, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, California, United States
| | - Tricia Morphew
- Morphew Consulting LLC, Bothell, Washington, United States
- MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, California, United States
| | - Emanuel T. Ferro
- Department of Pathology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States
| | - Inderpal Randhawa
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States
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15
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Ahmed R, Wang J, Akin D, Soto F, Liu BF, Li P, Demirci U. Advanced Point-of-Care Testing Technologies for Human Acute Respiratory Virus Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103646. [PMID: 34623709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus (RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and shaped society for centuries. The timely response to emerging RVs could save human lives and reduce the medical care burden. The development of RV detection technologies is essential for potentially preventing RV pandemic and epidemics. However, commonly used detection technologies lack sensitivity, specificity, and speed, thus often failing to provide the rapid turnaround times. To address this problem, new technologies are devised to address the performance inadequacies of the traditional methods. These emerging technologies offer improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability of point-of-care test (POCT). Herein, recent developments in POCT are comprehensively reviewed for eight typical acute respiratory viruses. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities of various recognition and detection strategies and discusses these according to their detection principles, including nucleic acid amplification, optical POCT, electrochemistry, lateral flow assays, microfluidics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and microarrays. The importance of limits of detection, throughput, portability, and specificity when testing clinical samples in resource-limited settings is emphasized. Finally, the evaluation of commercial POCT kits for both essential RV diagnosis and clinical-oriented practices is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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16
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Shen N, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Luo L, Chen W, Wang J, Zhao R, Xie L, Cao Q, Tao Y, Mo X. Evaluation of Molecular Point-of-Care Testing for Respiratory Pathogens in Children With Respiratory Infections: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:778808. [PMID: 34869077 PMCID: PMC8640230 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.778808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Overuse of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance are global healthcare problems. In pediatric patients with respiratory infections, viral and bacterial etiologies are challenging to distinguish, leading to irrational antibiotic use. Rapid and accurate molecular diagnostic testing methods for respiratory pathogens has been shown to facilitate effective clinical decision-making and guide antibiotic stewardship interventions in the developed regions, but its impacts on pediatric patient care in the developing countries remain unclear. Methods In this single-center, retrospective case-control study, we compared demographics, clinical characteristics, especially microbiological findings, and antibiotic usage between pediatric patients with respiratory infection receiving FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FilmArray RP) testing and a matched routine testing control group. Our primary outcome was the duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment (DOT) during hospitalization. Results Each group consisted of 346 children with a respiratory infection. In the FilmArray RP testing group, the DOT was shorter than that in the routine testing group (6.41 ± 3.67 days versus 7.23 ± 4.27 days; p = 0.006). More patients in the FilmArray RP testing group de-escalated antibiotic treatments within 72 hours of hospitalization (7.80%, 27/346 versus 2.60%, 9/346; p = 0.002). By contrast, fewer patients in the FilmArray RP testing group had escalated antibiotic treatments between 72 hours and seven days (7.80% versus 14.16%; p = 0.007). The cost of hospitalization was significantly lower in the FilmArray RP testing group ($ 1413.51 ± 1438.01 versus $ 1759.37 ± 1929.22; p = 0.008). Notably, the subgroup analyses revealed that the FilmArray RP test could shorten the DOT, improve early de-escalation of intravenous antibiotics within 72 hours of hospitalization, decline the escalation of intravenous antibiotics between 72 hours and seven days, and reduce the cost of hospitalization for both patient populations with or without underlying diseases. Conclusions Molecular point-of-care testing for respiratory pathogens could help to reduce intravenous antibiotic use and health care costs of pediatric patients with respiratory infections in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruike Zhao
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Mo
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Clark JA, Kean IRL, Curran MD, Khokhar F, White D, Daubney E, Conway Morris A, Navapurkar V, Bartholdson Scott J, Maes M, Bousfield R, Gouliouris T, Agrawal S, Inwald D, Zhang Z, Török ME, Baker S, Pathan N. Rapid Assay for Sick Children with Acute Lung infection Study (RASCALS): diagnostic cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e056197. [PMID: 34845080 PMCID: PMC8634010 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the most commonly treated infection in critically ill children. Pathogens are infrequently identified on routine respiratory culture, and this is a time-consuming process. A syndromic approach to rapid molecular testing that includes a wide range of bacterial and fungal targets has the potential to aid clinical decision making and reduce unnecessary broad spectrum antimicrobial prescribing. Here, we describe a single-centre prospective cohort study investigating the use of a 52-pathogen TaqMan array card (TAC) for LRTI in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Critically ill children with suspected LRTI will be enrolled to this 100 patient single-centre prospective observational study in a PICU in the East of England. Samples will be obtained via routine non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage which will be sent for standard microbiology culture in addition to TAC. A blood draw will be obtained via any existing vascular access device. The primary outcomes of the study will be (1) concordance of TAC result with routine culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and (2) time of diagnostic result from TAC versus routine culture. Secondary outcomes will include impact of the test on total antimicrobial prescriptions, a description of the inflammatory profile of the lung and blood in response to pneumonia and a description of the clinical experience of medical and nursing staff using TAC. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Yorkshire and the Humber-Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 20/YH/0089). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04233268.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alexander Clark
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martin D Curran
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fahad Khokhar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah White
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther Daubney
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vilas Navapurkar
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josefin Bartholdson Scott
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mailis Maes
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Bousfield
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Shruti Agrawal
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Inwald
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Estée Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nazima Pathan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Clark JA, Pathan N. Hide and seek in a pandemic: review of SARS-CoV-2 infection and sequelae in children. Exp Physiol 2021; 107:653-664. [PMID: 34242467 PMCID: PMC8447309 DOI: 10.1113/ep089399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the topic of this review? A description of the current literature relating to COVID‐19 infection in children and the associated inflammatory condition, paediatric multi‐inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 (PIMS‐TS). What advances does it highlight? Children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have a distinct clinical phenotype when compared to adults. This may relate to relative differences in their adaptive immunity and in the degree and distribution of expression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor (angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2). There are several similarities between PIMS‐TS, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and other known inflammatory disorders such as macrophage activation syndrome. Few data are available to date regarding vaccination responses of children against COVID‐19.
Abstract Children infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 have a clinical phenotype that is distinct from that observed in adult cases. They can present with a range of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, or with a delayed hyperinflammatory syndrome (paediatric multisystem inflammatory system temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2; PIMS‐TS) that frequently requires treatment in an intensive care unit. These manifestations may be related to unique expression of transmembrane receptors and immune physiology in children. The clinical features and inflammatory profile of PIMS‐TS are similar to other inflammatory disorders that occur in children such as Kawasaki disease, macrophage activation syndrome and sepsis. Given children are infected less frequently and have less severe disease due to COVID‐19 compared to adults, their physiological profile is of great interest. An understanding of the unique mechanisms of infection and disease in children could aid the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Like adults, children can have long‐term complications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including neurological and cardiac morbidity. Vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 is not yet authorised in children aged <12 years, and hence we anticipate ongoing paediatric presentations of COVID‐19 in the coming months.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nazima Pathan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Rd, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
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19
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:561. [PMID: 34198591 PMCID: PMC8231764 DOI: 10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ulinici
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Discipline Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Serghei Covantev
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - James Wingfield-Digby
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Alexander G. Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; (J.W.-D.); (A.G.M.)
- The North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
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20
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Ulinici M, Covantev S, Wingfield-Digby J, Beloukas A, Mathioudakis AG, Corlateanu A. Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/life11060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.
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21
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Epidemiology and Viral Etiology of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia through Korean Public Health Data Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071356. [PMID: 33806145 PMCID: PMC8037772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is prevalent in children aged 2-5 years but may occur in all pediatric age groups. In 50-60% of pediatric patients, ITP is preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection 1-4 weeks before its onset. In this study, the relationship between the development of ITP and viral infections in children was assessed. We analyzed data of 6487 patients aged < 18 years with incident ITP from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Open Access Big Data Platform (2015 to 2018) and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The monthly positive detection rate (PDR) of seven respiratory and four acute diarrhea viruses was calculated. The virus PDR seasonal trend data was analyzed through ARIMA modeling. The ITP diagnostic data and prevalence of viral infection 1 and 2 months prior were analyzed using the Granger test. The overall male to female (M/F) ratio was 1.2, whereas it was 1.4 in the youngest age group (< 1 year). The overall ITP incidence rate was 18.1 per 100,000 person-years. Respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, rotavirus, and astrovirus infections influenced ITP occurrence in children. However, rotavirus infection is positively associated with the etiology of ITP after 1-2 months.
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Vandenberg O, Martiny D, Rochas O, van Belkum A, Kozlakidis Z. Considerations for diagnostic COVID-19 tests. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:171-183. [PMID: 33057203 PMCID: PMC7556561 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, design, development, validation, verification and implementation of diagnostic tests were actively addressed by a large number of diagnostic test manufacturers. Hundreds of molecular tests and immunoassays were rapidly developed, albeit many still await clinical validation and formal approval. In this Review, we summarize the crucial role of diagnostic tests during the first global wave of COVID-19. We explore the technical and implementation problems encountered during this early phase in the pandemic, and try to define future directions for the progressive and better use of (syndromic) diagnostics during a possible resurgence of COVID-19 in future global waves or regional outbreaks. Continuous global improvement in diagnostic test preparedness is essential for more rapid detection of patients, possibly at the point of care, and for optimized prevention and treatment, in both industrialized countries and low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Vandenberg
- Innovation and Business Development Unit, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universtaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Center for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Delphine Martiny
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universtaire de Bruxelles - Universitair Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Rochas
- Strategic Intelligence, Corporate Business Development, bioMérieux, Chemin de L'Orme, France
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Open Innovation and Partnerships, bioMérieux, La Balme Les Grottes, France.
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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23
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Pan F, Wang B, Zhang H, Shi Y, Xu Q. The clinical application of Filmarray respiratory panel in children especially with severe respiratory tract infections. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:230. [PMID: 33639884 PMCID: PMC7910784 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the common diseases in children and the routine detection methods frequently fail to identify the infectious pathogens especially for viruses. The Filmarray respiratory panel (FARP) can reliably and rapidly identify viruses and bacteria pathogens. This study is to evaluate the performance and clinical significance of FARP in children. METHODS Children diagnosed with RTIs in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) samples of these children were collected and the FARP assay for 17 pathogens and routine microbiological methods were performed. Clinical data of all patients was also collected and evaluated. RESULTS A total of 90 children were enrolled into this study and 58 patients (64.4%) were positive for 13 pathogens by FARP, with 18 being detected positive with multiple-virus (31.3%, 18/58). Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (21.0%%, 17/58) were the predominant pathogen, followed by adenovirus (18.5%). Higher proportions of various pathogens were identified in the infant and toddler (0-2 years) groups with human rhinovirus/enterovirus being mostly virus. Adenovirus were common in the group aged 3-5 years, but only three pathogens including M.pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus were also found in age group (6-14 years). Among 58 FARP positive patients, significant differences were found in antibiotic prescription and use of glucocorticoid between the single-organism-positive group and the multi-organism-positive group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference in use of anti-virus and usage of glucocorticoid between severe respiratory infections group and non severe respiratory infections group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FARP can provide the rapid detection of respiratory virus and atypical bacteria for children, especially with severe respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Pan
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luding Road 355, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luding Road 355, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luding Road 355, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luding Road 355, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luding Road 355, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Correia W, Dorta-Guerra R, Sanches M, Almeida Semedo CDJB, Valladares B, de Pina-Araújo IIM, Carmelo E. Study of the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital, Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:716351. [PMID: 34650939 PMCID: PMC8505963 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.716351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in developing countries and are a challenge for the health system of these countries. In Cabo Verde, despite the lack of recent studies, data indicate that it affects thousands of children, being the fourth leading cause of infant mortality in 2013. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the etiological agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old, and their associated risk factors, such as clinical symptoms or socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Naso-pharyngeal samples were collected from children under 5 years attending at Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital (Praia, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde) with suspected ARI at different time-points during 2019. Samples were analyzed using FilmArray® Respiratory Panel v. 2.0 Plus to identify etiological agents of ARI. A questionnaire with socio-demographic information was also collected for each participant. Data analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 25 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) and R 3.5.1 statistical software. Results: A total of 129 naso-pharyngeal samples were included in the study. Seventeen different etiologic agents of respiratory infections were identified. HRV/EV was the most frequent agent detected, followed by FluA H3 and RSV. Coinfection with two or more pathogens was detected in up to 20% of positive samples. The results were analyzed in terms of age-group, sex, period of the year and other social and demographic factors. Conclusion: Viruses are the main causative agents of ARI in children <5 years attending at the pediatrics service at the Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital in Praia city, Santiago Island, Cabo Verde. Some factors are described in this study as statistically associated with the presence of an infectious agent, such as having one or more children sharing the bedroom with an adult and the presence of some clinical symptoms. The data addresses the need for studies on respiratory tract infections in Cabo Verde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Correia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Roberto Dorta-Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mitza Sanches
- Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto, Ministry of Health and Social Security of Cabo Verde, Praia, Cabo Verde
| | | | - Basilio Valladares
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Emma Carmelo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Impact of BioFire FilmArray respiratory panel results on antibiotic days of therapy in different clinical settings. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 1:e4. [PMID: 36168499 PMCID: PMC9495546 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2021.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel (RFA) has been proposed as a tool that can aid in the timely diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections but its effect on antibiotic prescribing among adult patients has varied. We evaluated the impact of RFA result on antibiotic days of therapy (DOTs) in 2 distinct cohorts: hospitalized patients and patients discharged from the emergency department (ED). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted in 3 community hospitals in Des Moines, Iowa, from March 3 to March 16, 2019. Patients: Adults aged >18 years. Methods: Potential outcome means and average treatment effects for RFA results on antibiotic DOTs were estimated. Inverse probability of treatment weighting with regression adjustment was used. Results: We identified 243 patients each in the hospitalized and ED-discharged cohorts. Among hospitalized patients, RFA results did not affect antibiotic DOTs. Among patients discharged from the ED, we found that if all patients had had influenza detected, the average DOTs would have been 2.3 DOTs (−3.2 to −1.4) less than the average observed if all the patients had had a negative RFA (P < .0001); no differences in DOTs were observed when comparing an RFA with a noninfluenza virus detected compared to an RFA with negative results. Conclusions: The impact of RFA results on antibiotic DOTs varies by clinical setting, and reductions were observed only among patients discharged from the ED who had influenza A or B detected.
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Chen W, Shen N, Tao Y, Zhao R, Luo L, Li B, Cao Q. Impact of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:633. [PMID: 32847534 PMCID: PMC7447613 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cases of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have been increasing recently; however, whether viral coinfection or macrolide-resistant M. infection contribute to the development of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of viral coinfection and macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae infection on M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children and build a model to predict a severe disease course. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum specimens were collected from patients with community-acquired pneumonia meeting our protocol who were admitted to Shanghai Children’s Medical Center from December 1, 2016, to May 31, 2019. The specimens were tested with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 16 viruses, Bordetella pertussis, M. pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors for adenovirus coinfection and macrolide-resistant mycoplasma infection. Results Among the 107 M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients, the coinfection rate was 56.07%, and 60 (60/107, 56.07%) patients were infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. Adenovirus was the most prevalent coinfecting organism, accounting for 22.43% (24/107). The classification tree confirmed that viral coinfection was more common in patients younger than 3 years old. Adenovirus coinfection and drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection occurred more commonly in patients with refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (P = 0.019; P = 0.001). A prediction model including wheezing, lung consolidation and extrapulmonary complications was used to predict adenovirus coinfection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prediction model was 0.795 (95% CI 0.679–0.893, P < 0.001). A prolonged fever duration after the application of macrolides for 48 h was found more commonly in patients infected by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae (P = 0.002). A fever duration longer than 7 days was an independent risk factor for drug-resistant Mycoplasma infection (OR = 3.500, 95% CI = 1.310–9.353, P = 0.012). Conclusions The occurrence of refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia is associated with adenovirus coinfection and infection by drug-resistant M. pneumoniae. A prediction model combining wheezing, extrapulmonary complications and lung consolidation can be used to predict adenovirus coinfection in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. A prolonged fever duration indicates drug-resistant M. pneumoniae infection, and a reasonable change in antibiotics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruike Zhao
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biru Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Multiplex Tests for Respiratory Tract Infections: The Direct Utility of the FilmArray Respiratory Panel in Emergency Department. Can Respir J 2020; 2020:6014563. [PMID: 32774562 PMCID: PMC7397412 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The FilmArray Respiratory Panel with multiplex targets for respiratory pathogens has been widely used and verified in clinical trials in special test settings. However, it is necessary to evaluate the panel's performance at the point of care directly, in nonspecific test settings. Methods Patients with respiratory tract infections were enrolled from among emergency department visitors, and all steps, including the collection of specimens and testing, were performed by our clinicians. Results Among 270 patients, 196 (72.6%) patients were found to have one or more pathogens. For signal pathogen detection, influenza A virus had the highest rate of detection; 45 (16.7%) of the patients had two or more respiratory pathogens codetected, and most of the multiplex pathogens were rhinovirus/enterovirus codetected with Bordetella pertussis (17.8%). The information provided by the FilmArray had an impact on the prescription of antimicrobials, and there were differences in the rates of antibiotic prescriptions and anti-influenza prescriptions among patients. Conclusions Use of the FilmArray by clinical staff was successfully implemented in the emergency department for the first time in China. The FilmArray has the potential for point-of-care testing in nonspecific settings.
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Effectiveness of rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis and treatment of pertussis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:687-692. [PMID: 32513618 PMCID: PMC7255742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Pertussis, is an infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. The incidence of pertussis has been increasing in South Korea to due to waning vaccine-induced immunity. Culture has a low sensitivity and a long turnaround time (TAT). Recently, a rapid multi-polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) test with a TAT of about 1 h was developed for the detection of respiratory pathogens (17 viruses and three bacteria), including B. pertussis. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mPCR for early diagnosis and treatment of pertussis. Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with pertussis diagnosed from May 2017 to June 2019 at a university hospital in South Korea. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were tested using mPCR. Data were extracted from medical records. Results A total of 27 patients with a median age of 48.9 years (range: 3.3–82.2 years) were diagnosed with pertussis, of whom 9 (33.3%) were male. Eleven (40.7%) had fever, 12 (44.4%) had dyspnea, three (11.1%) had paroxysmal cough, and nine (33.3%) had inspiratory whooping. The median interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was 9.0 days (range: 1–31 days). Twenty-four patients (81.5%) were diagnosed within 2 weeks from symptom onset. All but one patient was prescribed macrolide antibiotics. Twenty-two patients (81.5%) required hospitalization, including three (11.1%) who required intensive care unit care for ventilation. Conclusion Testing patients with respiratory symptoms using mPCR can improve early diagnosis of pertussis, ensure proper treatment, and may help with outbreak control.
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Evaluation of Commercial Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Detection and Determination of Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00242-20. [PMID: 32269102 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00242-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated six commercial molecular tests targeting Mycoplasma pneumoniae, namely, the BioFire FilmArray respiratory panel (RP), the Meridian Alethia Mycoplasma Direct, the GenMark ePlex respiratory pathogen panel (RPP), the Luminex NxTAG RPP, the ELITech ELITe InGenius Mycoplasma MGB research use only (RUO) PCR, and the SpeeDx Resistance Plus MP assays. Laboratory-developed PCR assays at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used as reference standards. Among 428 specimens, 212 were designated confirmed positives for M. pneumoniae The highest clinical sensitivities were found with the InGenius PCR (99.5%) and the FilmArray RP (98.1%). The Resistance Plus MP identified 93.3% of the confirmed-positive specimens, whereas 83.6, 64.6, and 55.7% were identified by the ePlex RPP, NxTAG RPP, and Mycoplasma Direct assays, respectively. There was no significant difference between the sensitivity of the reference methods and that of the FilmArray RP and InGenius assays, but the remaining four assays detected significantly fewer positive specimens (P < 0.05). Specificities of all assays were 99.5 to 100%. The Resistance Plus MP assay detected macrolide resistance in 27/33 specimens, resulting in a sensitivity of 81.8%. This study provides the first large-scale comparison of commercial molecular assays for detection of M. pneumoniae in the United States and identified clear differences among their performance. Additional studies are necessary to explore the impact of various test performances on patient outcome.
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Wang H, Zheng Y, de Groot R, Yang Y, Diavatopoulos DA, Chen Y, de Jonge MI, Deng J. High prevalence of Bordetella pertussis in young hospitalized infants with acute respiratory infection in the south of China: age- and season-dependent effects. J Infect 2020; 80:578-606. [PMID: 31981637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuejie Zheng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronald de Groot
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jikui Deng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Qian Y, Ai J, Wu J, Yu S, Cui P, Gao Y, Jin J, Weng X, Zhang W. Rapid detection of respiratory organisms with FilmArray respiratory panel and its impact on clinical decisions in Shanghai, China, 2016-2018. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 14:142-149. [PMID: 31786832 PMCID: PMC7040966 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic potential and clinical impact of an automated multiplex PCR platform (the FilmArray Respiratory Panel; FA-RP), specially designed for pathogen detection in respiratory tract infections in adults with unexplained pneumonia (UP). METHODS A total of 112 UP patients in Shanghai, China, were enrolled prospectively and assessed using the FA-RP from October 2016 to March 2018. We examined the test results and their influence on clinical decisions. Furthermore, as a control group, we retrospectively obtained the clinical data of 70 UP patients between October 2014 and March 2016 (before the FA-RP was available). The two patient groups were compared with respect to factors, including general antimicrobial use and defined daily dose (DDD) numbers. RESULTS Between October 2016 and March 2018, the positive rate obtained using FA-RP for UP was 76.8%. The primary pathogens in adults with UP were Influenza A/B (47.3%, 53/112). Compared with the patients before FA-RP was available, patients who underwent FA-RP testing had higher rates of antiviral drug use and antibiotic de-escalation during clinical treatment. FA-RP significantly decreased the total DDDs of antibiotic or antifungal drugs DDDs by 7 days after admission (10.6 ± 2.5 vs 14.1 ± 8.8, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The FA-RP is a rapid and sensitive nucleic acid amplification test method for UP diagnosis in adults. The application of FA-RP may lead to a more accurately targeted antimicrobial treatment and reduced use of antibiotic/antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Huang H, Chen S, Zhang X, Hong L, Zeng Y, Wu B. Detection and clinical characteristics analysis of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections by a GeXP-based multiplex-PCR assay. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23127. [PMID: 31774213 PMCID: PMC7147121 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The information regarding viral epidemiology and clinical characteristics in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in central Fujian is limited. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the viral epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ARTI in hospitalized children admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Methods Cohort of 386 hospitalized children (31 days to 15 years) diagnosed with ARTI admitted to the Department of Pediatrics from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, was enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal swab or sputum samples on the day of hospitalization were tested for 11 viruses via a GeXP‐based multiplex‐PCR assay. The viral profiles and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results The overall positive rate of the samples was 43.26% (167/386). Among the 167 positive samples, 134 (80.24%, 134/167) had a single virus and 33 (19.76%, 33/167) had multiple viruses. There was a significant difference in the frequency of single vs mixed infections among positive samples (80.24% vs 19.76%; χ2 = 122.168, P = .000) as well as among the total examined samples (34.72% vs 8.55%; χ2 = 77.945, P = .000). Human rhinovirus was the most prevalent virus (17.36%, 67/386), followed by influenza A (5.96%, 23/386) and human adenovirus (5.70%, 22/386). There was no significant difference in the etiological distribution of viral pathogens between males and females (χ2 = 0.480, P = .489). Viral infections were more likely to occur in the winter‐spring months than in the summer‐autumn months (52.51% vs 33.53%, χ2 = 13.830, P = .000). Conclusions The GeXP‐based multiplex PCR is an accurate and high‐throughput assay allows us to quickly detect multiple respiratory viruses simultaneously in pediatric patients. Our study provides information on the viral profiles and clinical characteristics in hospitalized children with ARTI, which would help better effective prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suqing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linliang Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Prevalence, clinical outcomes and rainfall association of acute respiratory infection by human metapneumovirus in children in Bogotá, Colombia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 31601181 PMCID: PMC6785857 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Viruses are the main etiological agents, and their behavior tends to be seasonal and vary by geographical location. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has recently been described as a cause of severe acute respiratory infection and its prevalence and clinical behavior in children at moderate altitudes is unknown. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients seen at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia between October 2015 and December 2017 in a city at a moderate altitude above sea level. Children with acute respiratory infections who had had a multiplex RT-PCR assay were selected. The prevalence of HMPV infection, its clinical outcomes and its relationship to rainfall were evaluated. Results Out of a total of 14,760 discharged patients, multiplex RT-PCR was performed on 502 and a virus was detected in 420 children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). The study group had a median age of 21 months (IQR 7–60), with similar proportion of males and females (56.4 and 43.6% respectively) and 5.2% (CI 95 3.3–7.8%) prevalence of HMPV infection. The group with HMPV infection showed a greater frequency of viral coinfection (22.7% vs 14% P = 0.03) compared with ARI caused by other viruses. The rate of bacterial coinfection (P = 0.31), presence of comorbidities (p = 0.75), length of hospital stay (P = 0.42), need for mechanical ventilation (P = 0.75) and mortality (P = 0.22) were similar for HMPV and other viral infections. A moderate correlation was established between HMPV infection and rainfall peaks (Spearman’s Rho 0.44 p = 0.02). Conclusions Human metapneumovirus was the fifth most frequently isolated virus in children with ARI, had similar clinical behavior and severity to other viruses but a higher rate of viral coinfection. Its peaks seem to correlate to rainy seasons.
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Tao Y, Tang M, Luo L, Xiang L, Xia Y, Li B, Cao Q, Mo X. Identification of etiologic agents and clinical characteristics for patients suspected of having pertussis in a large Children's Hospital in China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:443. [PMID: 31700879 PMCID: PMC6803182 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, pertussis is a major health problem with an increasing incidence despite immunization efforts. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for the optimal management of pertussis, especially in severe cases. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs or sputum specimens were obtained from patients suspected of having pertussis on the day of hospitalization at Shanghai Children's Medical Center from December 01, 2016, to November 30, 2017. The specimens were tested with the FilmArray Respiratory Panel, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects 16 viruses, Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae). RESULTS Among the 140 children studied, 50.0% (70/140) were detected with a single pathogen, 45.0% (63/140) were detected with multiple pathogens, and 5.0% (7/140) had no detected pathogens. Forty-nine (35%, 49/140) patients tested positive for B. pertussis. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (Para) and rhinovirus/enterovirus (Rhino/Entero) were the most prevalent pathogens in patients with pertussis-like syndrome. No significant differences between the groups with pertussis and pertussis-like syndrome were observed regarding the clinical symptoms. Severe cases were more frequently observed in unvaccinated, premature and pertussis/RSV co-infection patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of the timely and accurate diagnosis of pertussis based on both clinical symptoms and laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Long Xiang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yijun Xia
- Medical Affairs Director, Great China | bioMérieux (Shanghai) Company, Limited, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Biru Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xi Mo
- The Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Wen S, Lv F, Chen X, Zhu L, Li H, Lin L, Zhang H. Application of a nucleic acid-based multiplex kit to identify viral and atypical bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1211-1218. [PMID: 31225788 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunhang Wen
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fangfang Lv
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China
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