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Nakamura T, Imai R, Kitamura A, So C, Ro S, Okafuji K, Tomishima Y, Jinta T, Nishimura N. Investigating Viral Involvement in Immunocompromised Patients Using Comprehensive Infectious Disease Testing Including FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 on Bronchoscopy: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38820. [PMID: 37303378 PMCID: PMC10256251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reports are rare on the usefulness of the FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 (FARP) using lower respiratory tract specimens. This retrospective study assessed its use, as part of a comprehensive infectious disease panel, to detect the viral causes of pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage samples from immunosuppressed patients. Methods This study included immunocompromised patients who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing by bronchoscopy between April 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022. The collected samples were submitted for comprehensive testing, including FARP test; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus DNA, and herpes simplex virus; PCR for Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA; antigen testing for Aspergillus and Cryptococcus neoformans; and loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for Legionella. Results Out of 23 patients, 16 (70%) showed bilateral infiltrative shadows on computed tomography and three (13%) were intubated. The most common causes of immunosuppression were anticancer drug use (n=12, 52%) and hematologic tumors (n=11, 48%). Only two (9%) patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and adenovirus by FARP. Four patients (17%) tested positive for cytomegalovirus by RT-PCR, but no inclusion bodies were identified cytologically. Nine (39%) patients tested positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii by PCR, but cytology confirmed the organism in only one case. Conclusions Comprehensive infectious disease testing, performed using bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected from lung lesions in immunosuppressed patients, showed low positive detection by FARP. The viruses currently detectable by FARP may be less involved in viral pneumonia diagnosed in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Clara So
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Nakamura T, Ro S, Morita C, Kanomata N, Kitamura A. Difficult removal after bronchial filling of an endobronchial Watanabe spigot with N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate for intractable pneumothorax: A case report. Respirol Case Rep 2023; 11:e01126. [PMID: 36959833 PMCID: PMC10028627 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 52‐year‐old man developed a right pneumothorax during treatment for COVID‐19. In a previous case report concerning this patient, his recovery was achieved through implanting four endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWS) in the right B1 and B3 in two phases and spraying N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (NBCA). One year later, EWS removal was planned. He was intubated under bronchoscopic guidance, and the right upper lobe was observed. The right B1 and B3 inlets were found to be covered with granuloma. Despite the presence of a nylon thread for easy retrieval and partial debridement of the granulation, removal of the implanted EWS in the right B1 and B3 using grasping forceps, basket forceps, and two types of balloons under fluoroscopic guidance was challenging. NBCA spraying is a possible cause of foreign body granuloma formation. Therefore, careful consideration of the indications for the combined EWS‐NBCA procedure is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Chie Morita
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Kanomata
- Department of PathologySt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
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Morita C, Kitamura A, Kinoshita K, Sueyoshi K, Murakami M, Ro S, Imai R, Okafuji K, Kojima F, Tomishima Y, Jinta T, Bando T, Nishimura N. A case of a thoracic mass negative on thoracentesis diagnosed by cryobiopsy from the visceral pleura. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e01050. [PMID: 36268501 PMCID: PMC9577260 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia is recommended for malignant tumours with negative pleural effusion cytology. Cryobiopsy from the visceral pleura by thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia can provide more diagnostic options for patients with thoracentesis‐negative malignant effusions. Here we present the first case in which this technique was used. The patient had a pleural metastasis that could not be diagnosed even with rapid cytology of the parietal pleura biopsy. Indications, technical pitfalls, and safety tips are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan,Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Katsuhito Kinoshita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kuniyo Sueyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Manabu Murakami
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care UnitSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Fumitsugu Kojima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Toru Bando
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyoJapan
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Imai R, Yamada D, Tomishima Y, Nakamura T, So C, Ro S, Okafuji K, Kitamura A, Jinta T, Nishimura N. Elevated plasma levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and geographic appearance on high-resolution computed tomography are associated with diffuse alveolar damage in autopsy cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 35953795 PMCID: PMC9367020 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a histopathological hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), its detection without lung biopsy is challenging. In patients with ARDS, the specificity of the Berlin definition to diagnose DAD as a reference standard is not adequately high, making it difficult to adequately diagnose DAD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between DAD and clinical findings, including KL-6 and geographic appearance, in ARDS patients and to identify more specific diagnostic criteria for DAD. Methods Among all adult autopsy cases at a tertiary hospital in Japan between January 2006 and March 2021, patients with ARDS who met the Berlin definition criteria were included. The patients’ conditions were classified according to histopathological patterns as DAD or non-DAD, and clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings were compared between the two groups. Results During the study period, 27 met the Berlin definition (median age: 79 years, 19 men), of whom 18 (67%) had DAD and 9 (33%) did not. In the non-DAD group, histopathologic findings revealed organizing pneumonia in seven patients and pulmonary hemorrhage in two patients. On HRCT at onset, patients with DAD had more geographic appearance than those without DAD (89% vs. 44%). In patients with geographic appearance and elevated KL-6 (> 500 U/mL), the sensitivity and specificity for DAD diagnosis were 56% and 100%, respectively. All three patients with no geographic appearance and normal KL-6 did not have DAD. Conclusions Geographic appearance on HRCT combined with KL-6 levels may predict the presence of DAD in patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Clara So
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
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Kitamura A, Tomishima Y, Imai R, Nishimura N, Okafuji K, Ro S, Jinta T, Tamura T. Findings of virtual bronchoscopic navigation can predict the diagnostic rate of primary lung cancer by bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:270. [PMID: 35836220 PMCID: PMC9284836 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being minimally invasive, bronchoscopy does not always result in pathological specimens being obtained. Therefore, we investigated whether virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) findings were associated with the rate of diagnosis of primary lung cancer by bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions. METHODS This study included patients with suspected malignant peripheral lung lesions who underwent bronchoscopy at St. Luke's International Hospital between October 2013 and March 2020. Patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer were grouped according to whether their pathology could be diagnosed by bronchoscopy, and their clinical factors were compared. In addition, the distance between the edge of the lesion and the nearest branch ("distance by VBN") was calculated. The distance by VBN and various clinical factors were compared with the diagnostic rates of primary lung cancer. RESULTS The study included 523 patients with 578 lesions. After excluding 55 patients who underwent multiple bronchoscopies, 381 patients were diagnosed with primary lung cancer. The diagnostic rate by bronchoscopy was 71.1% (271/381). Multivariate analysis revealed that the lesion diameter (odds ratio [OR] 1.107), distance by VBN (OR 0.94) and lesion structure (solid lesion or ground-glass nodule; OR 2.988) influenced the risk of a lung cancer diagnosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosis based on lesion diameter and distance by VBN was 0.810. CONCLUSION The distance by VBN and lesion diameter were predictive of the diagnostic rates of primary lung cancer by bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Akashicho 9-1, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
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Morita C, Kitamura A, Okafuji K, Ro S, Imai R, Shirasaki K, Watanabe Y, Nishimura N. Combined treatment with endobronchial Watanabe spigot and
N
‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate for refractory pneumothorax in
COVID
‐19. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e0923. [PMID: 35309960 PMCID: PMC8918464 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema in approximately 1% of patients. According to the British Thoracic Society guidelines, the next treatment option for patients with persistent pneumothorax despite chest drainage is pleurodesis or surgery. In fact, there are reports of autologous blood pleurodesis or surgery for the treatment of pneumothorax caused by COVID‐19. However, elderly patients or patients in poor general condition may not be able to tolerate surgical invasion. In this report, we present two patients who did not respond to chest drainage or pleurodesis and who were not suitable for surgery because of their poor general condition. These patients were successfully treated with an endobronchial Watanabe spigot and N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. This method may be an option for the treatment of refractory pneumothorax in COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Kasumi Shirasaki
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
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Nishizawa T, Ro S, Asano T, Tamura T. Constrictive pericarditis 20 years after surgical aortic valve replacement. J Gen Fam Med 2021; 23:122-123. [PMID: 35261864 PMCID: PMC8888809 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nishizawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine St Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Department of Global Health Promotion Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center St Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Taku Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine St Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohide Tamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Thoracic Center St Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
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Imai R, Ro S, Tomishima Y, Nishimura N. Steroid resistance and rebound phenomena in patients with COVID-19. Respir Investig 2021; 59:608-613. [PMID: 34154977 PMCID: PMC8196332 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia, corticosteroids reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. Some patients, however, remain unresponsive to this treatment, or experience a rebound after termination. Methods This retrospective cohort study included COVID-19 patients treated with systemic corticosteroids in a Japanese hospital between June 1, 2020, and January 17, 2021. Patients were categorized into three groups: success, rebound, and refractory, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared. Results A total of 319 COVID-19 patients were admitted to our hospital and 113 patients met inclusion criteria. The success group had 83 patients (73.5%), the rebound group had nine patients (8.0%), and the refractory group had 21 patients (18.6%). Compared with the success group, the rebound group received corticosteroids earlier, for a shorter duration, and stopped them sooner. The median time from symptom onset to rebound was 12 days. There was no rebound after 20 days. Compared with the success group, the hazard ratio for the number of days from corticosteroid onset to an improvement of two points on a seven-point ordinal scale was 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.60, P < .001) for the rebound group versus 0.13 (95% CI, 0.07–0.25, P < .001) for the refractory group. Conclusions COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroids were classified into three response groups: success, rebound, and refractory, between which recovery time and prognosis differed. It was found that corticosteroid administration may prevent rebound phenomena if administered at least two weeks from symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo City, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan.
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Ro S, Imai R, Kitamura A, Jinta T, Nishimura N. Ultrasonic humidifier lung as a mimic of COVID-19. Respirol Case Rep 2021; 9:e00761. [PMID: 33976890 PMCID: PMC8094045 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chest computed tomography (CT) has been used to complement coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis due to its high sensitivity. However, owing to the low specificity of CT findings, differential diagnosis is essential. The typical CT findings of COVID-19 include ground-glass opacifications and consolidations with predominant distribution in bilateral, peripheral, and subpleural parts of the lung. These imaging findings are non-specific and may resemble other lung conditions, including ultrasonic humidifier lung, which is a condition that develops on inhaling aerosols generated by ultrasonic humidifiers. We present two patients with initial symptoms similar to COVID-19. CT examination revealed centrilobular nodules and consolidations with upper lobe-predominant distribution, although atypical for COVID-19, but key findings for ultrasonic humidifier lung. Therefore, ultrasonic humidifier lung could be a differential diagnosis for COVID-19 in dry environments. Characteristic CT findings and a history of ultrasonic humidifier use are critical to the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThoracic Center, St. Luke's International HospitalChuo‐kuJapan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThoracic Center, St. Luke's International HospitalChuo‐kuJapan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThoracic Center, St. Luke's International HospitalChuo‐kuJapan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThoracic Center, St. Luke's International HospitalChuo‐kuJapan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineThoracic Center, St. Luke's International HospitalChuo‐kuJapan
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10
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Ikeda S, Misumi T, Izumi S, Sakamoto K, Nishimura N, Ro S, Fukunaga K, Okamori S, Tachikawa N, Miyata N, Shinkai M, Shinoda M, Miyazaki Y, Iijima Y, Izumo T, Inomata M, Okamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Iwabuchi K, Masuda M, Takoi H, Oyamada Y, Fujitani S, Mineshita M, Ishii H, Nakagawa A, Yamaguchi N, Hibino M, Tsushima K, Nagai T, Ishikawa S, Ishikawa N, Kondoh Y, Yamazaki Y, Gocho K, Nishizawa T, Tsuzuku A, Yagi K, Shindo Y, Takeda Y, Yamanaka T, Ogura T. Corticosteroids for hospitalized patients with mild to critically-ill COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, propensity score-matched study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10727. [PMID: 34021229 PMCID: PMC8140087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial, especially in mild to severe patients who do not require invasive/noninvasive ventilation. Moreover, many factors remain unclear regarding the appropriate use of corticosteroids for COVID-19. In this context, this multicenter, retrospective, propensity score-matched study was launched to evaluate the efficacy of systemic corticosteroid administration for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 ranging in the degree of severity from mild to critically-ill disease. This multicenter, retrospective study enrolled consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients diagnosed January-April 2020 across 30 institutions in Japan. Clinical outcomes were compared for COVID-19 patients who received or did not receive corticosteroids, after adjusting for propensity scores. The primary endpoint was the odds ratio (OR) for improvement on a 7-point ordinal score on Day 15. Of 1092 COVID-19 patients analyzed, 118 patients were assigned to either the corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid group, after propensity score matching. At baseline, most patients did not require invasive/noninvasive ventilation (85.6% corticosteroid group vs. 89.8% non-corticosteroid group). The odds of improvement in a 7-point ordinal score on Day 15 was significantly lower for the corticosteroid versus non-corticosteroid group (OR, 0.611; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.388-0.962; p = 0.034). The time to improvement in radiological findings was significantly shorter in the corticosteroid versus non-corticosteroid group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.758; 95% CI, 1.323-2.337; p < 0.001), regardless of baseline clinical status. The duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was shorter in corticosteroid versus non-corticosteroid group (HR, 1.466; 95% CI, 0.841-2.554; p = 0.177). Of the 106 patients who received methylprednisolone, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the pulse/semi-pulse versus standard dose group (HR, 2.831; 95% CI, 1.347-5.950; p = 0.006). In conclusion, corticosteroids for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 did not improve clinical status on Day 15, but reduced the time to improvement in radiological findings for all patients regardless of disease severity and also reduced the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients who required intubation.Trial registration: This study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry on April 21, 2020 (ID: UMIN000040211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Misumi
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Natsuo Tachikawa
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, 1-1 Mitsuzawanishimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 221-0855, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyata
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, 1-1 Mitsuzawanishimachi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 221-0855, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, 6-3-22 Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Shinagawa Hospital, 6-3-22 Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-8522, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Iijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Izumo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Minoru Inomata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Department of Respirology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Chigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0065, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Rinkai Hospital, 1-4-2 Rinkai-Cho, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 123-0086, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iwabuchi
- Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital, 866-1 Matsuda-Soryo, Matsuda-machi, Ashigarakami, Kanagawa, 258-0003, Japan
| | - Makoto Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujisawa City Hospital, 2-6-1 Fujisawa, Fujisawa-city, Kanagawa, 251-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takoi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oyamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1Meguro-ku, HigashigaokaTokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fujitani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mineshita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-city, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Hospital Organization Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yokosuka City Hospital, 1-3-2 Nagasaka, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa, 240-0195, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, 1-5-1 Tsujido Kandai, Fujisawa-city, Kanagawa, 251-0041, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsushima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita-city, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu-Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu-city, Chiba, 279-0001, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Funabashi Central Hospital, 6 -13-10 Kaijin, Funabashi-city, Chiba, 273-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujina-kanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-city, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kondoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Tosei General Hospital, 160 Nishioiwake-cho, Seto-city, Aichi, 489-8642, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yamazaki
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Nagano Prefectural Shinshu Medical Center, 1332 Suzaka, Suzaka-city, Nagano, 382-8577, Japan
| | - Kyoko Gocho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, 3-6-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 230-0012, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Nishizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society Saitama Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - Akifumi Tsuzuku
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, 4-6-1 Noisshiki, Gifu-city, Gifu, 500-8717, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Department of Pulmpnary Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, 3-7-3 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 220-8521, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shindo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takeda
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, 6-16-1 Tomioka-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0051, Japan.
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Kitamura A, Okafuji K, Imai R, Murakami M, Ro S, Tomishima Y, Jinta T, Nishimura N, Tamura T. Reproducibility of peripheral branches in virtual bronchoscopic navigation using VINCENT and LungPoint software for peripheral lung lesions. Respir Investig 2021; 59:772-776. [PMID: 33992600 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) has become frequently used for the pathological specimen collection of peripheral lung lesions using various VBN software packages. Herein, we examined the reproducibility of peripheral branches in VBN software using LungPoint and VINCENT versions 4.0 and 5.5. METHODS This study included patients suspected of malignant peripheral lung lesions who underwent bronchoscopy at our hospital from February 2016 to April 2017. Computed tomography was taken at a thickness of 1.25 mm in all cases, and VB images were created based on the computed tomography data using LungPoint, or VINCENT version 4.0 or 5.5. One observer read the program-generated VB images and compared how many branches could be visualized with the lobe bronchus as the primary branch. RESULTS A total of 129 patients (n = 131 lesions) underwent bronchoscopy, with 82 cases of primary lung cancer. Pathological bronchoscopic diagnosis was done in 63 cases, resulting to a diagnostic rate of 76.8%. VB images generated by LungPoint, and VINCENT versions 4.0 and 5.5 reproduced an average of 4.3, 3.47, and 5.12 branches, respectively, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between them. CONCLUSIONS VINCENT version 5.5 exhibits better reproducibility of peripheral branches than LungPoint for VBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kohei Okafuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ro S, Nishimura N, Imai R, Tomishima Y, So C, Murakami M, Okafuji K, Kitamura A, Jinta T, Tamura T. Identification of patients with COVID-19 who are optimal for methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Multidiscip Respir Med 2021; 16:781. [PMID: 34322232 PMCID: PMC8273631 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2021.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids have been reported to reduce the mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, the role of high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy in reducing mortality in critically ill patients has also been documented. The purpose of this study is to identify patients with COVID-19 who are suitable for methylprednisolone pulse therapy. METHODS This was a retrospective study that included patients with COVID-19 receiving methylprednisolone pulse therapy (≥250 mg/day for 3 days) with subsequent tapering doses at our hospital between June 2020 and January 2021. We examined the differences in background clinical factors between the surviving group and the deceased group. RESULTS Out of 156 patients who received steroid therapy, 17 received methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Ten patients recovered (surviving group) and seven patients died (deceased group). The median age of the surviving and deceased groups was 64.5 years (range, 57-85) and 79 years (73-90), respectively, with a significant difference (p=0.004). Five of the deceased patients (71%) had developed serious complications associated with the cause of death, including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, cytomegalovirus infection, and bacteremia. On the other hand, out of the 10 survivors, only one elderly person had cytomegalovirus infection and the rest recovered without complications. CONCLUSION Administration of methylprednisolone pulse therapy with subsequent tapering may be an effective treatment in patients with COVID-19 up to the age of early 70s; however, severe complications may be seen in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Nishimura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan. Tel. +81.3.3541-5151.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- From the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - R Imai
- From the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- From the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
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So C, Ro S, Murakami M, Imai R, Jinta T. High-dose, short-term corticosteroids for ARDS caused by COVID-19: a case series. Respirol Case Rep 2020; 8:e00596. [PMID: 32514354 PMCID: PMC7273438 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case series of seven mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) who received early treatment with high‐dose, short‐term systemic corticosteroids to prevent cytokine overproduction. Of the seven patients, four were male and median age was 69 years. They were intubated within seven days after admission when their respiratory status rapidly worsened. At that time, we administered 1000 or 500 mg/day for three days of methylprednisolone intravenously, followed by 1 mg/kg and tapered off. The median duration for the total administration of corticosteroids was 13 days. This high‐dose, short‐term corticosteroid therapy enabled extubation of the patients within seven days. Many questions on the clinical management of COVID‐19 remain unanswered, and data on corticosteroid therapy as a choice of treatment are mixed. We present the clinical course of our cases, review the previous evidence, and discuss management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara So
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Shosei Ro
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Murakami
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan
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15
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Song IK, Kim EH, Lee JH, Ro S, Kim HS, Kim JT. Effects of an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre guided by lung ultrasound on anaesthesia-induced atelectasis in infants: a randomised, controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2016; 72:214-222. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I.-K. Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - E.-H. Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-H. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Ro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - H.-S. Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - J.-T. Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
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16
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Harada Y, Ro S, Ochiai M, Hayashi K, Hosomi E, Fujitsuka N, Hattori T, Yakabi K. Ghrelin enhancer, rikkunshito, improves postprandial gastric motor dysfunction in an experimental stress model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1089-97. [PMID: 26088415 PMCID: PMC4744783 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. However, no curable treatment is available for FD because the detailed mechanism of GI dysfunction in stressed conditions remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the association between endogenous acylated ghrelin signaling and gastric motor dysfunction and explore the possibility of a drug with ghrelin signal-enhancing action for FD treatment. METHODS Solid gastric emptying (GE) and plasma acylated ghrelin levels were evaluated in an urocortin1 (UCN1) -induced stress model. To clarify the role of acylated ghrelin on GI dysfunction in the model, exogenous acylated ghrelin, an endogenous ghrelin enhancer, rikkunshito, or an α2 -adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist was administered. Postprandial motor function was investigated using a strain gauge force transducer in a free-moving condition. KEY RESULTS Exogenous acylated ghrelin supplementation restored UCN1-induced delayed GE. Alpha2 -AR antagonist and rikkunshito inhibited the reduction in plasma acylated ghrelin and GE in the stress model. The action of rikkunshito on delayed GE was blocked by co-administration of the ghrelin receptor antagonist. UCN1 decreased the amplitude of contraction in the antrum while increasing it in the duodenum. The motility index of the antrum but not the duodenum was significantly reduced by UCN1 treatment, which was improved by acylated ghrelin or rikkunshito. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The UCN1-induced gastric motility dysfunction was mediated by abnormal acylated ghrelin dynamics. Supplementation of exogenous acylated ghrelin or enhancement of endogenous acylated ghrelin secretion by rikkunshito may be effective in treating functional GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Harada
- Tsumura Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan
| | - S. Ro
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan,Central Research LaboratoriesTeikyo University Chiba Medical CenterChibaJapan
| | - M. Ochiai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - K. Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - E. Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - N. Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan
| | - T. Hattori
- Tsumura Research LaboratoriesTsumura & Co.IbarakiJapan
| | - K. Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
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17
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Ro S, Kang SH, Farrelly AM, Ordog T, Partain R, Fleming N, Sanders KM, Kenyon JL, Keef KD. Template switching within exons 3 and 4 of KV11.1 (HERG) gives rise to a 5' truncated cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1342-9. [PMID: 16723117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
K(V)11.1 (HERG) channels contribute to membrane potential in a number of excitable cell types. We cloned a variant of K(V)11.1 from human jejunum containing a 171 bp deletion spanning exons 3 and 4. Expression of a full-length cDNA clone containing this deletion gave rise to protein that trafficked to the cell membrane and generated robust currents. The deletion occurred in a G/C-rich region and identical sequence elements of UGGUGG were located at the deletion boundaries. In recent studies these features have been implicated to cause deletions via template switching during cDNA synthesis. To examine this possibility we compared cDNAs from human brain, heart, and jejunum synthesized at lower (42 degrees C) and higher temperatures (70 degrees C). The 171 bp deletion was absent at the higher temperature. Our results suggest that the sequence and secondary structure of mRNA in the G/C rich region leads to template switching producing a cDNA product with a 171 bp deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, 89557, USA
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18
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Heo YS, Kim SK, Seo CI, Kim YK, Sung BJ, Lee HS, Lee JI, Park SY, Kim JH, Hwang KY, Hyun YL, Jeon YH, Ro S, Kwon Y, Cho JM, Lee TG. Molecular basis for the allosteric inhibition of JNKs by the peptide fragment from the scaffolding protein JIP1. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876730509642x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Lee HK, Ro S, Keef KD, Kathy KD, Kim YH, Kim HW, Horowitz B, Sanders KM. Differential expression of P2X-purinoceptor subtypes in circular and longitudinal muscle of canine colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005; 17:575-84. [PMID: 16078947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mediates excitatory junction potentials through P2X receptors in many smooth muscles. However, relatively little is known about postjunctional intestinal P2X receptors. We examined the effect of exogenous ATP on circular and longitudinal myocytes of canine colon using the patch clamp technique at 32 degrees C. In both cell types, ATP induced inward currents (I(ATP)) at -70 mV in a concentration-dependent manner. The potency profile of ATP analogues in circular myocytes was: ATP approximately 2-methylthio-ATP > alpha,beta-methylene ATP, and that in longitudinal myocytes was: alpha,beta-methylene ATP approximately ATP > 2-methylthio-ATP. Pretreatment of circular myocytes with alpha,beta-methylene ATP inhibited the response to subsequent ATP, suggesting receptor desensitization. I-V relationships of I(ATP) were linear with inward rectification and E(rev) of -13 mV. I(ATP) at -70 mV was carried predominantly by Na+ as determined by shifts in E(rev) when extracellular Na+ was lowered. In RT-PCR, circular myocytes expressed mRNAs encoding P2X2, 3 and 4, while longitudinal myocytes expressed mRNAs for P2X3 and 5. P2X7 was absent in both cells. Fragments of each subtype were cloned and sequenced. We failed to clone P2X1 and P2X6 genes. Overall, different P2X receptor subtypes are expressed in circular and longitudinal canine colonic myocytes. Their activation produces non-selective cation currents that can depolarize and excite muscles of both layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeon YH, Heo YS, Kim CM, Hyun YL, Lee TG, Ro S, Cho JM. Phosphodiesterase: overview of protein structures, potential therapeutic applications and recent progress in drug development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:1198-220. [PMID: 15798894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-4533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential regulators of cyclic nucleotide signaling with diverse physiological functions. Because of their great market potential and therapeutic importance, PDE inhibitors became recognized as important therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases. Currently, there are seven PDE inhibitors on the market, and the pharmacological and safety evaluations of many drug candidates are in progress. Three-dimensional (3D) structures of catalytic domains of PDE 1, -3, -4, -5 and -9 in the presence of their inhibitors are now available, and can be utilized for rational drug design. Recent advances in molecular pharmacology of PDE isoenzymes resulted in identification of new potential applications of PDE inhibitors in various therapeutic areas, including dementia, depression and schizophrenia. This review will describe the latest advances in PDE research on 3D structural studies, the potential of therapeutic applications and the development of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jeon
- R and D Center, CrystalGenomics, 2nd Building of Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 388-1 Pungnap-2-dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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21
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Farrelly AM, Ro S, Callaghan BP, Khoyi MA, Fleming N, Horowitz B, Sanders KM, Keef KD. Expression and function of KCNH2 (HERG) in the human jejunum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003; 284:G883-95. [PMID: 12736144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00394.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that ether-a-go-go related gene (ERG) KCNH2 potassium channels contribute to the control of motility patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of animal models. The present study examines whether these results can be translated into a role in human gastrointestinal muscles. Messages for two different variants of the KCNH2 gene were detected: KCNH2 V1 human ERG (HERG) (28) and KCNH2 V2 (HERG(USO)) (13). The amount of V2 message was greater than V1 in both human jejunum and brain. The base-pair sequence that gives rise to domains S3-S5 of the channel was identical to that previously published for human KCNH2 V1 and V2. KCNH2 protein was detected immunohistochemically in circular and longitudinal smooth muscle and enteric neurons but not in interstitial cells of Cajal. In the presence of TTX (10(-6) M), atropine (10(-6) M). and l-nitroarginine (10(-4) M) human jejunal circular muscle strips contracted phasically (9 cycles/min) and generated slow waves with superimposed spikes. Low concentrations of the KCNH2 blockers E-4031 (10(-8) M) and MK-499 (3 x 10(-8) M) increased phasic contractile amplitude and the number of spikes per slow wave. The highest concentration of E-4031 (10(-6) M) produced a 10-20 mV depolarization, eliminated slow waves, and replaced phasic contractions with a small tonic contracture. E-4031 (10(-6) M) did not affect [(14)C]ACh release from enteric neurons. We conclude that KCNH2 channels play a fundamental role in the control of motility patterns in human jejunum through their ability to modulate the electrical behavior of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Farrelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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Lee H, Lee J, Lee S, Shin Y, Jung W, Kim JH, Park K, Kim K, Cho HS, Ro S, Lee S, Jeong SW, Choi T, Chung HH, Koh JS. A novel class of highly potent, selective, and non-peptidic inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase (FTase). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3069-72. [PMID: 11714612 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a class of aryl pyrroles as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are described. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a panel of these inhibitors led to identification of 2 (LB42908) as a highly potent (IC(50)=0.9 nM against H-Ras and 2.4 nM against K-Ras) antitumor agent that is currently undergoing preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Life Science R&D, LGCI, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Republic of Korea
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Koh SD, Monaghan K, Sergeant GP, Ro S, Walker RL, Sanders KM, Horowitz B. TREK-1 regulation by nitric oxide and cGMP-dependent protein kinase. An essential role in smooth muscle inhibitory neurotransmission. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44338-46. [PMID: 11560940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels activated by membrane stretch may contribute to maintenance of relaxation of smooth muscle cells in visceral hollow organs. Previous work has identified K(+) channels in murine colon that are activated by stretch and further regulated by NO-dependent mechanisms. We have screened murine gastrointestinal, vascular, bladder, and uterine smooth muscles for the expression of TREK and TRAAK mRNA. Although TREK-1 was expressed in many of these smooth muscles, TREK-2 was expressed only in murine antrum and pulmonary artery. TRAAK was not expressed in any smooth muscle cells tested. Whole cell currents from TREK-1 expressed in mammalian COS cells were activated by stretch, and single channel recordings showed that the stretch-dependent conductance was due to 90 pS channels. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) or 10(-5) m) and 8-Br-cGMP (10(-4) or 10(-3) m) increased TREK-1 currents in perforated whole cell and single channel recordings. Mutation of the PKG consensus sequence at serine 351 blocked the stimulatory effects of sodium nitroprusside and 8-Br-cGMP on open probability without affecting the inhibitory effects of 8-Br-cAMP. TREK-1 encodes a component of the stretch-activated K(+) conductance in smooth muscles and may contribute to nitrergic inhibition of gastrointestinal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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Lee H, Lee J, Shin Y, Jung W, Kim JH, Park K, Ro S, Chung HH, Koh JS. 3-Aryl-4-aryloyl-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylpyrrole, a novel class of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2963-5. [PMID: 11677136 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a class of 3-aryl-4-aryloyl-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylpyrroles as farnesyltransferase inhibitors are described. Compound 7 inhibits farnesyltransferase with an IC(50) value of 4.6 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Life Science R & D, LGCI, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, South Korea
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25
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Ro S, Hatton WJ, Koh SD, Horowitz B. Molecular properties of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels expressed in murine colonic smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 281:G964-73. [PMID: 11557517 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.4.g964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are important participants in inhibitory neurotransmission in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Three isoforms of an SK channel family were cloned from murine proximal colon smooth muscle. The transcripts encoding these subunits (SK1, SK2, and SK3) were detected in murine proximal colon and other peripheral tissues. The mRNA of each subunit was expressed at different levels in murine and canine colonic smooth muscles. The mRNA quantitative ratio of SK transcriptional expression in murine proximal colon is SK2 > SK3 > SK1; transcriptional expression of SK isoforms in canine proximal colon is minimal. SK3 immunohistochemical localization in murine small intestine (jejunum) and proximal colon showed immunoreactivity in circular and longitudinal muscularis. In transversely sectioned muscularis, staining was localized at the cell membrane in smooth muscle cells. Immunoreactivity was more intense in myenteric ganglia between longitudinal and circular muscularis and neuronal processes in circular and longitudinal muscularis. Transient expression of mSK1, mSK2, and mSK3 in COS cells resulted in Ca2+-activated voltage-independent channels. mSK1 is less sensitive to apamin compared with SK2 and showed intracellular Ca2+ sensitivity (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) in asymmetrical K+ (5/140 mM K+) gradients. Our results suggest that SK channel expression varies in colonic myocytes from different species and may contribute differentially to inhibitory junction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7
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Lee HJ, Choi KH, Ahn IA, Ro S, Jang H, Choi YS, Lee KB. The β-turn preferential solution conformation of a tetrapeptide containing an azaamino acid residue. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Ro S, Lee HJ, Ahn IA, Shin DK, Lee KB, Yoon CJ, Choi YS. Torsion angle based design of peptidomimetics: a dipeptidic template adopting beta-I turn (Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2)). Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1837-41. [PMID: 11425585 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have attempted to design a model dipeptide (acetyl dipeptide amide, Ac-CA1-CA2--NH(2)) that can adopt specifically typical torsion angles of the beta-I turn (phi(i+1), psi(i+1), phi(i+2), psi(i+2)=-60 degrees, -30 degrees, -90 degrees, 0 degrees ). The key of the design is the combination of constrained amino acids that prefer to adopt the desired torsion angles. We chose Aib (aminoisobutyric acid) as the first residue of which phi and psi angles must be -60 degrees and -30 degrees, respectively. Then, we selected an azaamino acid as the second residue since previous studies have indicated that they prefer to adopt +/-90 degrees of phi angle and 0 degrees or 180 degrees of psi angle. The conformational preference of the resulting Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2) is investigated using ab initio methods. The conformations implying beta-I and beta-I' turns are energetically most favorable, as we expected. Thus, we synthesized the designed molecule on the solid phase considering the future generation of combinatorial libraries using an automatic peptide synthesizer. Then, NMR spectroscopy was carried out to confirm their conformational preference in solution was carried out. The results indicated that the Ac-Aib-AzGly--NH(2) adopt beta-I or beta-I' turns in solution forming an intramolecular hydrogen bonding between Ac--C(O) and terminal NH(2). We believe that such a small peptidomimetic template is highly useful for the design of drug candidates and molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- CrystalGenomics, Inc., 461-6, Jeonmin-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon 305-390, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Abstract
1. Two components of voltage-gated, inward currents were observed from murine colonic myocytes. One component had properties of L-type Ca(2+) currents and was inhibited by nicardipine (5 x 10(-7) M). A second component did not 'run down' during dialysis and was resistant to nicardipine (up to 10(-6) M). The nicardipine-insensitive current was activated by small depolarizations above the holding potential and reversed near 0 mV. 2. This low-voltage-activated current (I(LVA)) was resolved with step depolarizations positive to -60 mV, and the current rapidly inactivated upon sustained depolarization. The voltage of half-inactivation was -65 mV. Inactivation and activation time constants at -45 mV were 86 and 15 ms, respectively. The half-recovery time from inactivation was 98 ms at -45 mV. I(LVA) peaked at -40 mV and the current reversed at 0 mV. 3. I(LVA) was inhibited by Ni(2+) (IC(50) = 1.4 x 10(-5) M), mibefradil (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), and extracellular Ba(2+). Replacement of extracellular Na(+) with N-methyl-D-glucamine inhibited I(LVA) and shifted the reversal potential to -7 mV. Increasing extracellular Ca(2+) (5 x 10(-3) M) increased the amplitude of I(LVA) and shifted the reversal potential to +22 mV. I(LVA) was also blocked by extracellular Cs(+) (10(-4) M) and Gd(3+) (10(-6) M). 4. Warming increased the rates of activation and deactivation without affecting the amplitude of the peak current. 5. We conclude that the second component of voltage-dependent inward current in murine colonic myocytes is not a 'T-type' Ca(2+) current but rather a novel, voltage-gated non-selective cation current. Activation of this current could be important in the recovery of membrane potential following inhibitory junction potentials in gastrointestinal smooth muscle or in mediating responses to agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Tomosawa H, Fukuyama M, Furuhata K, Dogasaki C, Kiuchi A, Hara M, Tabuchi K, Ro S, Teramoto K. [Drug sensitivity, conjugative R plasmids and plasmid profiles of Salmonella isolated from humans with infectious enteritis]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2000; 74:816-23. [PMID: 11109763 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.74.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using 92 Salmonella strains isolated from patients suspected of having infectious diseases of the intestinal tract who visited 13 hospitals in Japan during the six years between 1991 and 1996, we investigated the drug susceptibility, prevalence of conjugative R plasmid, and the plasmid profiles. 1) Of the bacterial isolates tested, 52.2% showed drug-resistance. Regarding the drug-resistance patterns, 70.8% of the isolates were resistant to a single drug, while 29.2% were multi drug-resistant. 2) Dividing the resistance patterns by the serotypes, among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates, single-drug resistance to SM was the most frequent, being detected in 27 isolates. Single-drug resistance to NA and two-drug resistance to SM/TC were the second-most frequent, each being detected in isolates. Among Salmonella Hadar isolates, four isolates showed two-drug resistance to SM/TC, and one isolate showed single-drug resistance to TC. Among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, one isolate each showed three-drug resistance to ABPC/CER/KM and KM/TC/CP. Among Salmonella Agona isolates, one isolate each showed two-drug resistance to SM/TC and single-drug resistance to SM. Among Salmonella Derby isolates, two isolates showed single-drug resistance to SM. 3) The prevalence of conjugative R plasmid was investigated in 48 drug-resistant isolates, and six isolates (12.5%) contained the plasmid. 4) The prevalence of the plasmid was investigated in 29 drug-resistant S. Enteritidis isolates, and 22 isolates (75.9%) contained the plasmid. These isolated were classified by the plasmid profiles into types H1 to H7. 5) Regarding the plasmid profiles of the S. Enteritidis isolates, a position corresponding to 60 Kbp was the most frequently detected in 90.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tomosawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Health Azabu University
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31
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Abstract
The reversible nature of the imine bond formation in CDCl(3) solution has been exploited to exchange substituted for unsubstituted m-phenylenediamine (MPD) units in hemicarcerand octaimines. Moreover, acid-catalyzed imine exchange has been shown to provide a novel mechanism whereby ferrocene (Fc) can be released as an entrapped guest from the hemicarceplex C(2)B(4)&crcldt;Fc dissolved in CDCl(3) to give the hemicarcerand C(2)B(4) when excess of both MPD and trifluoroacetic acid are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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32
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Abstract
The structural perturbation induced by C(alpha)-->N(alpha) exchange in azaamino acid-containing peptides was predicted by ab initio calculation of the 6-31G* and 3-21G* levels. The global energy-minimum conformations for model compounds, For-azaXaa-NH2 (Xaa=Gly, Ala, Leu) appeared to be the beta-turn motif with a dihedral angle of phi= +/- 90 degrees, psi=0 degrees. This suggests that incorporation of the azaXaa residue into the i+2 position of designed peptides could stabilize the beta-turn structure. The model azaLeu-containing peptide, Boc-Phe-azaLeu-Ala-OMe, which is predicted to adopt a beta-turn conformation was designed and synthesized in order to experimentally elucidate the role of the azaamino acid residue. Its structural preference in organic solvents was investigated using 1H NMR, molecular modelling and IR spectroscopy. The temperature coefficients of amide protons, the characteristic NOE patterns, the restrained molecular dynamics simulation and IR spectroscopy defined the dihedral angles [ (phi i+1, psi i+1) (phi i+2, psi i+2)] of the Phe-azaLeu fragment in the model peptide, Boc-Phe-azaLeu-Ala-OMe, as [(-59 degrees, 127 degrees) (107 degrees, -4 degrees)]. This solution conformation supports a betaII-turn structural preference in azaLeu-containing peptides as predicted by the quantum chemical calculation. Therefore, intercalation of the azaamino acid residue into the i+2 position in synthetic peptides is expected to provide a stable beta-turn formation, and this could be utilized in the design of new peptidomimetics adopting a beta-turn scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul
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Yakabi K, Ro S, Okazaki R, Shiojima J, Tsuda K, Mimura H, Tomono H, Nakamura T. Water extract of Helicobacter pylori stimulates interleukin-8 secretion by a human gastric epithelial cell line (JR-St) through protein tyrosine phosphorylation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15:263-70. [PMID: 10764026 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by Helicobacter pylori induces cytokine production in gastric mucosal cells. Production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known to be markedly increased and is believed to play an important role in gastric mucosal inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of soluble factors of H. pylori on IL-8 production in a gastric epithelial cell line, JR-St. METHODS JR-St cells were cocultured with a H. pylori water extract, live H. pylori or culture medium supernatant for 24 h, then the IL-8 secreted into the culture medium was assayed. The effects of three different inhibitors; (i) an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC); (ii) an inhibitor of PKC and protein kinase A (PKA); and (iii) an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) were also compared. Specific induction of IL-8 mRNA was also examined. RESULTS Water extract of H. pylori increased IL-8 secretion 7.72-fold, more than the control. The increase was concentration dependent. Live bacteria, supernatant and water extract significantly stimulated IL-8 secretion. Addition of live bacteria increased IL-8 secretion most strongly, while the effect of water extract was small (22% that of live bacteria). Secretion was not inhibited by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine or the inhibitors of PKA and PKC H7. However, secretion was significantly reduced by the PTK inhibitor herbimycin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 24 h exposure to water extract increased IL-8 mRNA expression, suggesting water extract increased production of IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Some soluble factors of H. pylori can stimulate IL-8 production by JR-St cells. Stimulation was not dependent on PKA or PKC but was, at least partially, dependent on protein tyrosine phosphorylation. This suggests that soluble factors of H. pylori can play an important role in mediating the inflammatory response of H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yakabi
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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Fernández MJ, Adrio JL, Piret JM, Wolfe S, Ro S, Demain AL. Stimulatory effect of growth in the presence of alcohols on biotransformation of penicillin G into cephalosporin-type antibiotics by resting cells of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1999; 52:484-8. [PMID: 10570794 DOI: 10.1007/s002530051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 in the presence of methanol or ethanol resulted in a marked increase in production of cephalosporin(s) from penicillin G by resting cells. The mycelium produced in alcohol-supplemented medium was fragmented and dispersed as compared with growth in control medium. HPLC analysis showed that at least two products were present in the biotransformation supernatant fluid after 1 h incubation. One of them has been identified as deacetoxycephalosporin G (DAOG).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fernández
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
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Abstract
We have carried out NMR and molecular modeling studies of peptidomimetic HIV-1 protease inhibitors, LB71116: Qc-Asn-Phepsi[(1R,2S)-cis-epoxide]Gly-NH-CH(isopropyl)2 where Qc stands for quinaldic acid and LB71148: Qc-(SMe)Pen(O)2-Phepsi[(1R,2S)-cis-epoxide]Gly-NH-CH(isoprop yl)2 where (SMe)Pen(O)2 stands for S-methyl-S-dioxo-penicillamine. Through conformational calculations and NMR data analysis, we have obtained preferred conformations of the two inhibitors in solution. To our knowledge, this work is one of the first extensive conformational studies of peptidomimetics containing cis-epoxide amide isostere. The resulting preferred conformations contain extended structures. In these conformations, the psi of Phe(cep) is maintained about 130 degrees and the phi angle of (cep)Gly prefers +/- 150 degrees [where Phe(cep) and (cep)Gly are the residues generated by the replacement of the Phe-Gly peptide bond with cis-epoxide]. Two conformations were commonly observed in the preferred conformations of each inhibitor. Through restrained molecular dynamics simulating the hydrogen bond formation between our inhibitor and a water molecule ('flap water'), one of the conformations is assumed as the conformation which can bind to the enzyme without large conformational changes. Recently, we had the opportunity to compare the selected preferred conformation with the binding conformation of LB71116 observed from the X-ray studies of the complex between LB71116 and HIV-1 protease. These two conformations are surprisingly similar to each other. Thus, we can explain high activity and selectivity of our inhibitors to the HIV-1 protease by the similarity between the preferred conformations in solution and the binding conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd, Research Park, Taejon, Korea
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36
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Jinbo T, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Kobune F, Ro S, Naiki M, Iguchi K, Yamamoto S. Concentrations of C-reactive protein in normal monkeys (Macaca irus) and in monkeys inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica R-5 and measles virus. Vet Res Commun 1999; 23:265-74. [PMID: 10493113 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006388602364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum from normal crab-eating monkeys (Macaca irus) were measured by means of a monkey-specific turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA), and the changes in the serum CRP concentrations in crab-eating monkeys inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica R-5 and measles virus (Ichinose or NK 3 strain) were also examined. The CRP concentrations in sera from 54 normal crab-eating monkeys ranged from 0 to 8.3 microg/ml (mean 2.2 +/- 1.9). No significant difference was found in the CRP concentrations between males and females (p > 0.05). The concentrations of CRP in the sera from four crab-eating monkeys inoculated intrabronchially with 10(9) live B. bronchiseptica increased gradually to a peak at 2 days after inoculation. The peak concentrations of CRP were from 102.4 to 313.2 microg/ml, 54-96 times the preinoculative values of 1.9-5.6 microg/ml. When the same four crab-eating monkeys were inoculated intrabronchially with measles virus 34 days after inoculation of B. bronchiseptica, the serum CRP concentrations did not increase. Monitoring of CRP is useful for assessing monkeys with acute B. bronchiseptica infection and will probably be of value in the diagnosis of other bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jinbo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Environmental and Health Sciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Peptides containing azaglycine located terminally or within the backbone have been prepared in the solid phase by means of an automatic synthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ahn
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd./Research Park, Taejon, Korea
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Takatori M, Iwabuchi S, Ro S, Murayama M, Maeyama S, Uchikoshi T, Nakano M, Ishii H. Increased serum levels and sinusoidal expression of thrombomodulin in acute liver damage. Thromb Res 1999; 93:113-20. [PMID: 10030827 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(98)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells involved in both anticoagulation and antifibrinolysis. In this study, we assessed the clinical significance of TM in acute liver damage by using a rat model induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (Gal-N). Serum TM levels were measured with enzyme immunoassay utilizing rabbit anti-rat TM antibody. Simultaneously, immunohistochemical examination was performed using the same antibody. Serum TM levels increased significantly after the injection of Gal-N compared with preinjection levels, peaking from 48 to 72 hours after injection and normalizing by 168 hours. Changes in parenchymal damage were synchronized with changes of TM, and changes of TM levels mirrored changes of liver weight. In immunohistochemical examination, TM immunoreactivity was observed only on the endothelial surfaces of both the artery and portal vein within Glisson's sheath in controls. After injection of Gal-N, TM immunoreactivity was gradually intensified, especially around the necrotic area and the central veins. These findings disappeared with improvement of parenchymal damage. Both the increase of serum TM levels and intensified TM immunoreactivity in the liver were synchronized with acute liver parenchymal damage induced by Gal-N. These findings on TM are related to endothelial damage with parenchymal necrosis and liver regeneration interacting with both homeostasis of microcirculation and healing of parenchymal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takatori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cytokines and gastric acid secretion. However, details of the mechanism underlying that relationship have not been elucidated. For this study, an in vivo experiment was undertaken to investigate the possibility that IL-8 would be involved in the mechanism of gastric acid secretion. Gastric lumen-perfused rats were prepared and the stomachs were perfused with a saline solution. The effluent was collected at 15-min intervals and assayed for titratable acid against 0.01 M NaOH. IL-8 (200 ng/rat) given intravenously did not influence basal acid output in rats. However, when IL-8 was administered by injection during continuous tetragastrin infusion (4 microg/kg/hr) acid output increased significantly (P < 0.01). The acid output during the first hour following IL-8 injection was 43.6% higher than prior to the injection. Acid output during the second hour was lower than during the first hour. However, successive injection of IL-8 again increased tetragastrin-stimulated acid output by 23.4% (P < 0.05). IL-8 injection did not change histamine-stimulated acid output. The results indicate that IL-8 has the effect of enhancing gastrin-stimulated acid secretion and might have an important role in the pathophysiology of gastric acid secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yakabi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Anegasaki Ichihara-city, Japan
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40
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Ro S, Baek SG, Lee B, Park C, Choy N, Lee CS, Son YC, Choi H, Koh JS, Yoon H, Kim SC, Ok JH. NMR and topochemical studies of peptidomimetic HIV-I protease inhibitors containing a cis-epoxide amide isostere. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2423-6. [PMID: 9873554 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
NMR and topochemical studies of irreversible HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a cis-epoxide as amide isostere have been carried out to identify conformational preference of the inhibitors in solution. The inhibitors prefer to adopt extended conformations similar to the beta-strand in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd./Research Park, Taejon, Korea
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Kim SW, Shin YS, Ro S. Solution and solid phase combinatorial synthesis of peptidomimetic library containing diversified alpha-methylated amino acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1665-8. [PMID: 9873410 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial peptidomimetic library containing diversified alpha-methylated amino acids was generated by the Ugi four component condensation (4cc) reaction from acids, amines, isocyanides and ketones in both solution and solid phase synthetic procedures. This one-pot methodology overall gave fair to good yields, which compare well with multi-step syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd./Research Park, Science Town, Taejon, Korea
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42
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Hayashi T, Kamogawa A, Ro S, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi Y, Murayama M. Plasma from patients with cirrhosis increases tissue plasminogen activator release from vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Liver 1998; 18:186-90. [PMID: 9716229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0676.1998.tb00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/BACKGROUND In patients with severe liver disease, blood levels of many coagulation and fibrinolytic factors are lowered due to a diminished synthetic capability in the liver. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is synthesized by the vascular endothelial cells, however, and is increased in such patients. METHODS Amounts of t-PA secreted were determined by immunosorbent assay after plasma from patients with cirrhosis was added to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells to determine whether a plasma factor directly enhanced t-PA secretion from vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Release of t-PA was significantly higher with exposure to plasma from patients with decompensated cirrhosis than when plasma from patients with compensated cirrhosis or normal subjects was used (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations were measured similarly but did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that factors in plasma from patients with decompensated cirrhosis directly stimulate t-PA release from the vascular endothelial cells, while any increased PAI-1 release observed in comparable in vivo situations is probably an indirect response to an increase of t-PA or a result of impaired hepatic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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43
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Abstract
We have constructed a number of benzamidine- and butylamine-based hydantoin compounds by means of an efficient route using solid phase synthesis in which neat diisopropylamine was employed for a novel cyclization/traceless cleavage step. All library compounds were obtained in excellent yield and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Biotech Research Institute, LG Chemical Ltd., Science Town, Taejon, Korea
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44
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Yaksh TL, Malmberg AB, Ro S, Schiller P, Goodman M. Characterization of the spinal antinociceptive activity of constrained peptidomimetic opioids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 275:63-72. [PMID: 7562596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of several families of peptidomimetic opioids including: constrained linear enkephalin (n = 12 analogs), dermorphin (n = 9 analogs) and morphiceptin (n = 17 analogs). The biological activities were assessed in vitro by examining the inhibitory effects of these agents on the electrically evoked contractions of the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and the mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations. The in vivo bioactivities were determined from the antinociceptive activity of these agents on the 52.5 degrees C hot-plate test after spinal administration of rats with chronically placed spinal catheters. Examination of the effect of cyclization, incorporation of retro-inverso bonds and substitutions of D- or constrained amino acids reveals systematic changes in the activity of these agents. There was a significant correlation between the potency of these agents in the hot-plate bioassay and their activity in the GPI and, to a lesser extent, in the MVD tests. Examination of the ability of naltrindole (a delta selective antagonist) to reverse the drug action and the respective potency on the GPI and MVD, showed that a correlation exists with actions on the MVD, but not on the GPI, consistent with the likelihood that agents with high MVD/GPI ratios in vitro act at the mu sites, whereas those with low MVD/GPI ratios act at the delta receptor in the spinal cord. The close correlations between activity in the GPI and spinal cord suggest that the structural requirements for potency in the smooth muscle and in the spinal cord are essentially the same as those mu receptors that mediate nociceptive transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Analgesia
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endorphins/pharmacology
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Injections, Spinal
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nociceptors/drug effects
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Opioid Peptides/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, USA
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45
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Hayashi T, Ro S, Kamogawa A, Kobayashi Y, Suzuki Y, Imai M, Okuse C, Ozaki M, Iwabuchi S, Murayama M. [Changes in plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by the interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C]. Rinsho Byori 1995; 43:948-52. [PMID: 7474459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of interferon (IFN) treatment for chronic hepatitis C on vascular endothelium, we measured the concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) in the plasma from patients before and after IFN treatment for 14 consecutive days. The plasma t-PA and PAI-1 levels were measured before and after treatment. The plasma t-PA level was significantly increased after IFN treatment (p < 0.01) but no significant difference in plasma PAI-1 level was observed before and after treatment. The ratio of t-PA/PAI-1 was significantly increased after IFN treatment (p < 0.05). These changes may be caused by the effect of IFN on endothelium, leading to an activation of the endothelium derived fibrinolysis factors. Increase in plasma t-PA concentration may induce hyperfibrinolysis which may be one of the causes of suborbital hemorrhage. Further study on the fibrinolysis pathway in the blood is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of the many side effects observed during IFN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hayashi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
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46
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Ro S, Zhu Q, Lee CW, Goodman M, Darlak K, Spatola AF, Chung NN, Schiller PW, Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL. Highly potent side chain-main chain cyclized dermorphin-deltorphin analogues: an integrated approach including synthesis, bioassays, NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. J Pept Sci 1995; 1:157-74. [PMID: 9222993 DOI: 10.1002/psc.310010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our continuing efforts to study structure-activity relationships of peptide opioids have resulted in the synthesis of a series of cyclic opioids related to dermorphins and deltorphins. The biological activities of the compounds have been determined and the conformational analyses carried out using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The three compounds in the series Tyr-c[D-Orn-Phe-Ala], Tyr-c[D-Lys-Phe-Ala], and Tyr-c[A2bu-Phe-Ala-Leu] are cyclized via a lactam bridge from the side-chain of the residue at the second position with the carboxyl terminus of each compound. The molecules incorporate 12-, 13- and 14-membered rings, respectively. They include a phenylalanine at the third position which is a distinguishing characteristic of dermorphins and deltorphins. The guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens assays show that the compounds are highly active at both mu- and delta-opioid receptors. The compounds are all highly effective antinociceptive agents as measured by the intrathecal rat hot plate test. Conformational analyses of the molecules indicate that they can adopt topochemical arrays required for bioactivity at both mu- and delta-receptors which explains their high activity in both guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens in vitro assays. The results support our models for mu- and delta-receptor activity for constrained peptide opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0343, USA
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47
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Abstract
A topochemical model to explain the bioactivity of morphiceptin (Tyr1-Pro2-Phe3-Pro4-NH2) was developed by taking account of accessible conformations around rotatable bonds which define relative spatial arrangements of opioid pharmacophores, the amine and phenolic groups of tyrosine and the aromatic ring of phenylalanine, necessary for receptor recognition. For this purpose, 1H-NMR measurements and computer simulations were extensively carried out on 10 stereoisomeric analogs related to morphiceptin: Tyr-Pro-(L and D)-Phe- (L and D)-Pro-NH2; Tyr-Pro-(L and D)-(NMe)Phe-(L and D)-Pro-NH2; Tyr-(NMe)Ala-Phe-D-Pro-NH2; and Tyr-Ala-Phe-D-Pro-NH2. These analogs are structurally close to one another but display various opiate potencies from highly active to inactive. The conformation of each rotatable bond has been specifically identified by measuring accessible space for the analogs, in which the difference in composition is observed in the specific site affecting only the conformation around the target bond. The most interesting characteristic of the model is a requirement of a cis amide bond linking residues 1 and 2. The model also requires the side chains in a trans conformation (chi 1 = 180 degrees) for the Tyr and Phe residues. The distances between the three pharmacophores, d1 (Tyr N to Tyr OH), d2 (Tyr N to the center of the aromatic ring of the third residue), and d3 (Tyr OH to the center of the aromatic ring of the third residue), were found to be approximately 8, approximately 7, and approximately 11-13 A, respectively. This model should aid in pharmaceutical design of peptide and nonpeptide ligands with opioid potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
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Goodman M, Ro S, Yamazaki T, Spencer JR, Toy A, Huang Z, He Y, Reisine T. Topochemical design of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics. Bioorg Khim 1992; 18:1375-93. [PMID: 1363715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
For the studies of bioactive peptides, our laboratories have been employed an integrated approach including synthesis, bioassays, and conformational analysis. To obtain highly potent, selective and metabolically stable analogs, peptidomimetics such as peptide backbone modifications (retro-inverso structures), constrained amino acids, and cyclic structures have been incorporated into many bioactive peptide sequences. The conformational studies of the resulting analogs have led to topochemical models for the bioactivities of those peptides. This lecture will be focused on the results of such studies on opioids and somatostatin. We have synthesized numerous opioid analogs with various peptidomimetics based on three classes: enkephalins, dermorphin-deltorphins, and morphiceptins. Many of these analogs exhibit high potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. Conformational studies of these analogs have enabled us to define the structural characteristics necessary for bioactivities of morphiceptins, dermorphins, enkephalins, and deltorphins. From these results, we can propose conformational models responsible for bioactivities at the mu- and delta-receptors. Our studies of cyclic somatostatin analogs are based on the highly active Merck analog c(-Pro6-Phe7-D-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11-) (where the superscripts denote position in native somatostatin). To investigate the topochemical preference of backbone and side chains, unusual amino acids, including beta-methylphenylalanine7 or 11, beta-methyltryptophan8, as well as backbone modifications such as retro-inverso structures have been incorporated. The bioactivity profiles of these peptidomimetic molecules provide much information on the effects of backbone and side chain constraints on bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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Ammar R, Baringer P, Coppage D, Davis R, Kelly M, Kwak N, Lam H, Ro S, Kubota Y, Lattery M, Nelson JK, Perticone D, Poling R, Schrenk S, Wang R, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Nemati B, Romero V, Sun CR, Wang P, Zoeller MM, Crawford G, Fulton R, Gan KK, Kagan H, Kass R, Lee J, Malchow R, Morrow F, Sung MK, Whitmore J, Wilson P, Butler F, Fu X, Kalbfleisch G, Lambrecht M, Skubic P, Snow J, Bortoletto D, Brown DN, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Shibata EI, Schaffner SF, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Ernst J, Kroha H, Roberts S, Sparks K, Thorndike EH, Wang C, Stroynowski R, Artuso M, Goldberg M, Haupt T, Horwitz N, Kennett R, Moneti GC, Playfer S. Electronic branching ratio of the tau lepton. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1992; 45:3976-3985. [PMID: 10014305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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50
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Henderson S, Kinoshita K, Pipkin F, Procario M, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Wolinski J, Xiao D, Ammar R, Baringer P, Coppage D, Davis R, Haas P, Kelly M, Kwak N, Lam H, Ro S, Kubota Y, Nelson JK, Perticone D, Poling R, Schrenk S, Crawford G, Fulton R, Jensen T, Johnson DR, Kagan H, Kass R, Malchow R, Morrow F, Whitmore J, Wilson P, Bortoletto D, Brown D, Dominick J, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Schaffner SF, Shibata EI, Shipsey IP, Battle M, Kroha H, Sparks K, Thorndike EH, Wang C, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Li WC, Nemati B, Romero V, Sun CR, Wang P, Zoeller MM, Goldberg M, Haupt T, Horwitz N, Jain V, Kennett R, Mestayer MD, Moneti GC, Rozen Y, Rubin P, Skwarnicki T. Measurements of semileptonic branching fractions of B mesons at the Upsilon (4S) resonance. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1992; 45:2212-2231. [PMID: 10014604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.45.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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