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Ma K, Zhang X, Song C, Han S, Li W, Wang K, Mao X, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Altered topological properties and their relationship to cognitive functions in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 144:109247. [PMID: 37267843 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate abnormalities in topological properties in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis and their correlations with cognitive functions. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with TLE and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this research and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations. Whole-brain functional networks of participants were constructed based on the fMRI data. Topological characteristics of the functional network were compared between patients with left and right TLE and HCs. Correlations between altered topological properties and cognitive measurements were explored. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, patients with left TLE showed decreased clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency (Eloc), and patients with right TLE showed decreased Eloc. We found altered nodal centralities in six regions related to the basal ganglia (BG) network or default mode network (DMN) in patients with left TLE and those in three regions related to reward/emotion network or ventral attention network in patients with right TLE. Patients with right TLE showed higher integration (reduced nodal shortest path length) in four regions related to the DMN and lower segregation (reduced nodal local efficiency and nodal clustering coefficient) in the right middle temporal gyrus. When comparing left TLE with right TLE, no significant differences were detected in global parameters, but the nodal centralities in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left pallidum were decreased in left TLE. The Eloc and several nodal parameters were significantly correlated with memory functions, duration, national hospital seizure severity scale (NHS3), or antiseizure medications (ASMs) in patients with TLE. CONCLUSIONS The topological properties of whole-brain functional networks were disrupted in TLE. Networks of left TLE were characterized by lower efficiency; right TLE was preserved in global efficiency but disrupted in fault tolerance. Several nodes with abnormal topological centrality in the basal ganglia network beyond the epileptogenic focus in the left TLE were not found in the right TLE. Right TLE had some nodes with reduced shortest path length in regions of the DMN as compensation. These findings provide new insights into the effect of lateralization on TLE and help us to understand the cognitive impairment of patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keran Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Chengru Song
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Mao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Gholipour T, You X, Stufflebeam SM, Loew M, Koubeissi MZ, Morgan VL, Gaillard WD. Common functional connectivity alterations in focal epilepsies identified by machine learning. Epilepsia 2022; 63:629-640. [PMID: 34984672 PMCID: PMC9022014 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to identify shared functional network characteristics among focal epilepsies of different etiologies, to distinguish epilepsy patients from controls, and to lateralize seizure focus using functional connectivity (FC) measures derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Data were taken from 103 adult and 65 pediatric focal epilepsy patients (with or without lesion on MRI) and 109 controls across four epilepsy centers. We used three whole-brain FC measures: parcelwise connectivity matrix, mean FC, and degree of FC. We trained support vector machine models with fivefold cross-validation (1) to distinguish patients from controls and (2) to lateralize the hemisphere of seizure onset in patients. We reported the regions and connections with the highest importance from each model as the common FC differences between the compared groups. RESULTS FC measures related to the default mode and limbic networks had higher importance relative to other networks for distinguishing epilepsy patients from controls. In lateralization models, regions related to somatosensory, visual, default mode, and basal ganglia showed higher importance. The epilepsy versus control classification model trained using a 400-parcel connectivity matrix achieved a median testing accuracy of 75.6% (median area under the curve [AUC] = .83) in repeated independent testing. Lateralization accuracy using the 400-parcel connectivity matrix reached a median accuracy of 64.0% (median AUC = .69). SIGNIFICANCE Machine learning models revealed common FC alterations in a heterogeneous group of patients with focal epilepsies. The distribution of the most altered regions supports the hypothesis that shared functional alteration exists beyond the seizure onset zone and its epileptic network. We showed that FC measures can distinguish patients from controls, and further lateralize focal epilepsies. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings by using larger numbers of epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Gholipour
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaozhen You
- Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Steven M Stufflebeam
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray Loew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mohamad Z Koubeissi
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - William D Gaillard
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Hermann BP, Struck AF, Busch RM, Reyes A, Kaestner E, McDonald CR. Neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy: towards a network-based precision taxonomy. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:731-746. [PMID: 34552218 PMCID: PMC8900353 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioural comorbidities are prevalent in childhood and adult epilepsies and impose a substantial human and economic burden. Over the past century, the classic approach to understanding the aetiology and course of these comorbidities has been through the prism of the medical taxonomy of epilepsy, including its causes, course, characteristics and syndromes. Although this 'lesion model' has long served as the organizing paradigm for the field, substantial challenges to this model have accumulated from diverse sources, including neuroimaging, neuropathology, neuropsychology and network science. Advances in patient stratification and phenotyping point towards a new taxonomy for the cognitive and behavioural comorbidities of epilepsy, which reflects the heterogeneity of their clinical presentation and raises the possibility of a precision medicine approach. As we discuss in this Review, these advances are informing the development of a revised aetiological paradigm that incorporates sophisticated neurobiological measures, genomics, comorbid disease, diversity and adversity, and resilience factors. We describe modifiable risk factors that could guide early identification, treatment and, ultimately, prevention of cognitive and broader neurobehavioural comorbidities in epilepsy and propose a road map to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P. Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,
| | - Aaron F. Struck
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robyn M. Busch
- Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anny Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carrie R. McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Unger DM, Wiest R, Kiefer C, Raillard M, Dutil GF, Stein VM, Schweizer D. Neuronal current imaging: An experimental method to investigate electrical currents in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2828-2836. [PMID: 34623697 PMCID: PMC8692176 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in dogs is based on exclusion of other potential causes of seizures. Recently, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that utilizes a variant of the rotary saturation approach has been suggested to detect weak transient magnetic field oscillations generated by neuronal currents in humans with epilepsy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Effects on the magnetic field evoked by intrinsic epileptic activity can be detected by MRI in the canine brain. As proof-of-concept, the novel MRI sequence to detect neuronal currents was applied in dogs. ANIMALS Twelve dogs with IE and 5 control dogs without a history of epileptic seizures were examined. METHODS Prospective case-control study as proof-of-concept. All dogs underwent a clinical neurological examination, scalp electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MRI. The MRI examination included a spin-locking (SL) experiment applying a low-power on-resonance radiofrequency pulse in a predefined frequency domain in the range of oscillations generated by the epileptogenic tissue. RESULTS In 11 of 12 dogs with IE, rotary saturation effects were detected by the MRI sequence. Four of 5 control dogs did not show rotary saturation effects. One control dog with a diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis had SL-related effects, but did not have epileptic seizures clinically. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The proposed MRI method detected neuronal currents in dogs with epileptic seizures and represents a potential new line of research to investigate neuronal currents possibly related to IE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Unger
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center of Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claus Kiefer
- Support Center of Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Raillard
- Division of Clinical Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume F Dutil
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veronika M Stein
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Schweizer
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Dynamical Mechanisms of Interictal Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5572-5588. [PMID: 32513827 PMCID: PMC7363471 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0905-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant focal epilepsy is a large-scale brain networks disorder characterized by altered spatiotemporal patterns of functional connectivity (FC), even during interictal resting state (RS). Although RS-FC-based metrics can detect these changes, results from RS functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies are unclear and difficult to interpret, and the underlying dynamical mechanisms are still largely unknown. To better capture the RS dynamics, we phenomenologically extended the neural mass model of partial seizures, the Epileptor, by including two neuron subpopulations of epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic type, making it capable of producing physiological oscillations in addition to the epileptiform activity. Using the neuroinformatics platform The Virtual Brain, we reconstructed 14 epileptic and 5 healthy human (of either sex) brain network models (BNMs), based on individual anatomical connectivity and clinically defined epileptogenic heatmaps. Through systematic parameter exploration and fitting to neuroimaging data, we demonstrated that epileptic brains during interictal RS are associated with lower global excitability induced by a shift in the working point of the model, indicating that epileptic brains operate closer to a stable equilibrium point than healthy brains. Moreover, we showed that functional networks are unaffected by interictal spikes, corroborating previous experimental findings; additionally, we observed higher excitability in epileptogenic regions, in agreement with the data. We shed light on new dynamical mechanisms responsible for altered RS-FC in epilepsy, involving the following two key factors: (1) a shift of excitability of the whole brain leading to increased stability; and (2) a locally increased excitability in the epileptogenic regions supporting the mixture of hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity in these areas. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Advances in functional neuroimaging provide compelling evidence for epilepsy-related brain network alterations, even during the interictal resting state (RS). However, the dynamical mechanisms underlying these changes are still elusive. To identify local and network processes behind the RS-functional connectivity (FC) spatiotemporal patterns, we systematically manipulated the local excitability and the global coupling in the virtual human epileptic patient brain network models (BNMs), complemented by the analysis of the impact of interictal spikes and fitting to the neuroimaging data. Our results suggest that a global shift of the dynamic working point of the brain model, coupled with locally hyperexcitable node dynamics of the epileptogenic networks, provides a mechanistic explanation of the epileptic processes during the interictal RS period. These, in turn, are associated with the changes in FC.
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Strey HH. Estimation of parameters from time traces originating from an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:062142. [PMID: 31962441 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.062142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we develop a Bayesian approach to estimate parameters from time traces that originate from an overdamped Brownian particle in a harmonic potential, or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (OU). We show that least-square fitting the autocorrelation function, which is often the standard way of analyzing such data, is significantly underestimating the confidence intervals of the fitted parameters. Here, we develop a rigorous maximum likelihood theory that properly captures the underlying statistics. From the analytic solution, we found that there exists an optimal measurement spacing (Δt=0.7968τ) that maximizes the statistical accuracy of the estimate for the decay-time τ of the process for a fixed number of samples N, which plays a similar role than the Nyquist-Shannon theorem for the OU process. To support our claims, we simulated time series with subsequent application of least-square and our maximum likelihood method. Our results suggest that it is quite dangerous to apply least-squares to autocorrelation functions both in terms of systematic deviations from the true parameter values and an order-of-magnitude underestimation of confidence intervals. To see whether our findings apply to other methods where autocorrelation functions are typically fitted by least-squares, we explored the analysis of membrane fluctuations and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In both cases, least-square fits exhibit systematic deviations from the true parameter values and significantly underestimate their confidence intervals. This fact emphasizes the need for the development of proper maximum likelihood approaches for such methods. In summary, our results have strong implications for parameter estimation for processes that result in a single exponential decay in the autocorrelation function. Our analysis can directly be applied to single-component dynamic light scattering experiments or optical trap calibration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut H Strey
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281, USA
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7
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Arbabshirani MR, Preda A, Vaidya JG, Potkin SG, Pearlson G, Voyvodic J, Mathalon D, van Erp T, Michael A, Kiehl KA, Turner JA, Calhoun VD. Autoconnectivity: A new perspective on human brain function. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 323:68-76. [PMID: 31005575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autocorrelation (AC) in fMRI time-series is a well-known phenomenon, typically attributed to colored noise and therefore removed from the data. We hypothesize that AC reflects systematic and meaningful signal fluctuations that may be tied to neural activity and provide evidence to support this hypothesis. NEW METHOD Each fMRI time-series is modeled as an autoregressive process from which the autocorrelation is quantified. Then, autocorrelation during resting-state fMRI and auditory oddball (AOD) task in schizophrenia and healthy volunteers is examined. RESULTS During resting-state, AC was higher in the visual cortex while during AOD task, frontal part of the brain exhibited higher AC in both groups. AC values were significantly lower in specific brain regions in schizophrenia patients (such as thalamus during resting-state) compared to healthy controls in two independent datasets. Moreover, AC values had significant negative correlation with patients' symptoms. AC differences discriminated patients from healthy controls with high accuracy (resting-state). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Contrary to most prior works, the results suggest AC shows meaningful patterns that are discriminative between patients and controls. Our results are in line with recent works attributing autocorrelation to feedback loop of brain's regulatory circuit. CONCLUSIONS Autoconnectivity is cognitive state dependent (resting-state vs. task) and mental state dependent (healthy vs. schizophrenia). The concept of autoconnectivity resembles a recurrent neural network and provides a new perspective of functional integration in the brain. These findings may have important implications for understanding of brain function in health and disease as well as for analysis of fMRI time-series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theo van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Michael
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Wang Y, Berglund IS, Uppman M, Li TQ. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy has hyper dynamic functional connectivity in the dorsolateral frontal cortex. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101604. [PMID: 30527355 PMCID: PMC6412974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterize the static and dynamic functional connectivity for subjects with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using a quantitative data-driven analysis approach. METHODS Whole-brain resting-state functional MRI data were acquired on a 3 T whole-body clinical MRI scanner from 18 subjects clinically diagnosed with JME and 25 healthy control subjects. 2-min sliding-window approach was incorporated in the quantitative data-driven data analysis framework to assess both the dynamic and static functional connectivity in the resting brains. Two-sample t-tests were performed voxel-wise to detect the differences in functional connectivity metrics based on connectivity strength and density. RESULTS The static functional connectivity metrics based on quantitative data-driven analysis of the entire 10-min acquisition window of resting-state functional MRI data revealed significantly enhanced functional connectivity in JME patients in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, precentral and middle temporal gyri. The dynamic functional connectivity metrics derived by incorporating a 2-min sliding window into quantitative data-driven analysis demonstrated significant hyper dynamic functional connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus and dorsal striatum. Connectivity strength metrics (both static and dynamic) can detect more extensive functional connectivity abnormalities in the resting-state functional networks (RFNs) and depict also larger overlap between static and dynamic functional connectivity results. CONCLUSION Incorporating a 2-min sliding window into quantitative data-driven analysis of resting-state functional MRI data can reveal additional information on the temporally fluctuating RFNs of the human brain, which indicate that RFNs involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have temporal varying hyper dynamic characteristics in JME patients. Assessing dynamic along with static functional connectivity may provide further insights into the abnormal function connectivity underlying the pathological brain functioning in JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Wang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
| | - Ivanka Savic Berglund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Martin Uppman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tie-Qiang Li
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Challenges in managing epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia in children. Epilepsy Res 2018; 145:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Thompson GJ. Neural and metabolic basis of dynamic resting state fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 180:448-462. [PMID: 28899744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) as a technique showed much initial promise for use in psychiatric and neurological diseases where diagnosis and treatment were difficult. To realize this promise, many groups have moved towards examining "dynamic rsfMRI," which relies on the assumption that rsfMRI measurements on short time scales remain relevant to the underlying neural and metabolic activity. Many dynamic rsfMRI studies have demonstrated differences between clinical or behavioral groups beyond what static rsfMRI measured, suggesting a neurometabolic basis. Correlative studies combining dynamic rsfMRI and other physiological measurements have supported this. However, they also indicate multiple mechanisms and, if using correlation alone, it is difficult to separate cause and effect. Hypothesis-driven studies are needed, a few of which have begun to illuminate the underlying neurometabolic mechanisms that shape observed differences in dynamic rsfMRI. While the number of potential noise sources, potential actual neurometabolic sources, and methodological considerations can seem overwhelming, dynamic rsfMRI provides a rich opportunity in systems neuroscience. Even an incrementally better understanding of the neurometabolic basis of dynamic rsfMRI would expand rsfMRI's research and clinical utility, and the studies described herein take the first steps on that path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth J Thompson
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Hall MG, Hauson AO, Wollman SC, Allen KE, Connors EJ, Stern MJ, Kimmel CL, Stephan RA, Sarkissians S, Barlet BD, Grant I. Neuropsychological comparisons of cocaine versus methamphetamine users: A research synthesis and meta-analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:277-293. [PMID: 28825847 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1355919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analytical research examining cocaine and methamphetamine separately suggests potentially different neuropsychological profiles associated with each drug. In addition, neuroimaging studies point to distinct structural changes that might underlie differences in neuropsychological functioning. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis compared the effect sizes identified in cocaine versus methamphetamine studies across 15 neuropsychological domains. METHOD Investigators searched and coded the literature examining the neuropsychological deficits associated with a history of either cocaine or methamphetamine use. A total of 54 cocaine and 41 methamphetamine studies were selected, yielding sample sizes of 1,718 and 1,297, respectively. Moderator analyses were conducted to compare the two drugs across each cognitive domain. RESULTS Data revealed significant differences between the two drugs. Specifically, studies of cocaine showed significantly larger effect-size estimates (i.e., poorer performance) in verbal working memory when compared to methamphetamine. Further, when compared to cocaine, methamphetamine studies demonstrated significantly larger effect sizes in delayed contextual verbal memory and delayed visual memory. CONCLUSION Overall, cocaine and methamphetamine users share similar neuropsychological profiles. However, cocaine appears to be more associated with working memory impairments, which are typically frontally mediated, while methamphetamine appears to be more associated with memory impairments that are linked with temporal and parietal lobe dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Hall
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Alexander O Hauson
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Scott C Wollman
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kenneth E Allen
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Eric J Connors
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mark J Stern
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Christine L Kimmel
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Rick A Stephan
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Sharis Sarkissians
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Brianna D Barlet
- a Clinical Psychology PhD Program, California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Institute of Brain Research and Integrated Neuropsychological Services (iBRAINs.org) , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Igor Grant
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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12
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Pedersen M, Omidvarnia A, Walz JM, Zalesky A, Jackson GD. Spontaneous brain network activity: Analysis of its temporal complexity. Netw Neurosci 2017; 1:100-115. [PMID: 29911666 PMCID: PMC5988394 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain operates in a complex way. The temporal complexity underlying macroscopic and spontaneous brain network activity is still to be understood. In this study, we explored the brain's complexity by combining functional connectivity, graph theory, and entropy analyses in 25 healthy people using task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated the pairwise instantaneous phase synchrony between 8,192 brain nodes for a total of 200 time points. This resulted in graphs for which time series of clustering coefficients (the "cliquiness" of a node) and participation coefficients (the between-module connectivity of a node) were estimated. For these two network metrics, sample entropy was calculated. The procedure produced a number of results: (1) Entropy is higher for the participation coefficient than for the clustering coefficient. (2) The average clustering coefficient is negatively related to its associated entropy, whereas the average participation coefficient is positively related to its associated entropy. (3) The level of entropy is network-specific to the participation coefficient, but not to the clustering coefficient. High entropy for the participation coefficient was observed in the default-mode, visual, and motor networks. These results were further validated using an independent replication dataset. Our work confirms that brain networks are temporally complex. Entropy is a good candidate metric to explore temporal network alterations in diseases with paroxysmal brain disruptions, including schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangor Pedersen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Walz
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme D. Jackson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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The dynamics of functional connectivity in neocortical focal epilepsy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:209-214. [PMID: 28529877 PMCID: PMC5429237 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal epilepsy is characterised by paroxysmal events, reflecting changes in underlying local brain networks. To capture brain network activity at the maximal temporal resolution of the acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we have previously developed a novel analysis framework called Dynamic Regional Phase Synchrony (DRePS). DRePS measures instantaneous mean phase coherence within neighbourhoods of brain voxels. We use it here to examine how the dynamics of the functional connections of regional brain networks are altered in neocortical focal epilepsy. Using task-free fMRI data from 21 subjects with focal epilepsy and 21 healthy controls, we calculated the power spectral density of DRePS, which is a measure of signal variability in local connectivity estimates. Whole-brain averaged power spectral density of DRePS, or signal variability of local connectivity, was significantly higher in epilepsy subjects compared to healthy controls. Maximal increase in DRePS spectral power was seen in bilateral inferior frontal cortices, ipsilateral mid-cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, caudate head, and contralateral cerebellum. Our results provide further evidence of common brain abnormalities across people with focal epilepsy. We postulate that dynamic changes in specific cortical brain areas may help maintain brain function in the presence of pathological epileptiform network activity in neocortical focal epilepsy. Focal epilepsy is a disease defined by its inherent paroxysmal brain changes. However, most fMRI connectivity methods do not capture dynamic brain network activity. We use our recently developed method, DRePS, to identify abnormal dynamic brain networks in focal epilepsy. Fluctuations of dynamic brain network activity were increased in the frontal-temporal cortex, cingulum and cerebellum, in focal epilepsy. These regions may be involved in (re-)gaining cortical homeostasis in an otherwise abnormal brain.
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14
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Mujica-Parodi LR, Cha J, Gao J. From Anxious to Reckless: A Control Systems Approach Unifies Prefrontal-Limbic Regulation Across the Spectrum of Threat Detection. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:18. [PMID: 28439230 PMCID: PMC5383661 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we provide an integrative review of basic control circuits, and introduce techniques by which their regulation can be quantitatively measured using human neuroimaging. We illustrate the utility of the control systems approach using four human neuroimaging threat detection studies (N = 226), to which we applied circuit-wide analyses in order to identify the key mechanism underlying individual variation. In so doing, we build upon the canonical prefrontal-limbic control system to integrate circuit-wide influence from the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). These were incorporated into a computational control systems model constrained by neuroanatomy and designed to replicate our experimental data. In this model, the IFG acts as an informational set point, gating signals between the primary prefrontal-limbic negative feedback loop and its cortical information-gathering loop. Along the cortical route, if the sensory cortex provides sufficient information to make a threat assessment, the signal passes to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), whose threat-detection threshold subsequently modulates amygdala outputs. However, if signal outputs from the sensory cortex do not provide sufficient information during the first pass, the signal loops back to the sensory cortex, with each cycle providing increasingly fine-grained processing of sensory data. Simulations replicate IFG (chaotic) dynamics experimentally observed at both ends at the threat-detection spectrum. As such, they identify distinct types of IFG disconnection from the circuit, with associated clinical outcomes. If IFG thresholds are too high, the IFG and sensory cortex cycle for too long; in the meantime the coarse-grained (excitatory) pathway will dominate, biasing ambiguous stimuli as false positives. On the other hand, if cortical IFG thresholds are too low, the inhibitory pathway will suppress the amygdala without cycling back to the sensory cortex for much-needed fine-grained sensory cortical data, biasing ambiguous stimuli as false negatives. Thus, the control systems model provides a consistent mechanism for IFG regulation, capable of producing results consistent with our data for the full spectrum of threat-detection: from fearful to optimal to reckless. More generally, it illustrates how quantitative characterization of circuit dynamics can be used to unify a fundamental dimension across psychiatric affective symptoms, with implications for populations that range from anxiety disorders to addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
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15
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Rădulescu AR, Hannon ER. Applying fMRI complexity analyses to the single subject: a case study for proposed neurodiagnostics. Neurocase 2017; 23:120-137. [PMID: 28562172 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2017.1316410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear dynamic tools have been statistically validated at the group level to identify subtle differences in system wide regulation of brain meso-circuits, often increasing clinical sensitivity over conventional analyses alone. We explored the feasibility of extracting information at the single-subject level, illustrating two pairs of healthy individuals with psychological differences in stress reactivity. We applied statistical and nonlinear dynamic tools to capture key characteristics of the prefrontal-limbic loop. We compared single subject results with statistical results for the larger group. We concluded that complexity analyses may identify important differences at the single-subject level, supporting their potential towards neurodiagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R Hannon
- b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
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16
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Simultaneous Intracranial EEG-fMRI Shows Inter-Modality Correlation in Time-Resolved Connectivity Within Normal Areas but Not Within Epileptic Regions. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:639-655. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Englot DJ, Konrad PE, Morgan VL. Regional and global connectivity disturbances in focal epilepsy, related neurocognitive sequelae, and potential mechanistic underpinnings. Epilepsia 2016; 57:1546-1557. [PMID: 27554793 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is among the most common brain network disorders, and it is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. Although focal epilepsy was traditionally considered a regional brain disorder, growing evidence has demonstrated widespread network alterations in this disorder that extend beyond the epileptogenic zone from which seizures originate. The goal of this review is to summarize recent investigations examining functional and structural connectivity alterations in focal epilepsy, including neuroimaging and electrophysiologic studies utilizing model-based or data-driven analytic methods. A significant subset of studies in both mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and focal neocortical epilepsy have demonstrated patterns of increased connectivity related to the epileptogenic zone, coupled with decreased connectivity in widespread distal networks. Connectivity patterns appear to be related to the duration and severity of disease, suggesting progressive connectivity reorganization in the setting of recurrent seizures over time. Global resting-state connectivity disturbances in focal epilepsy have been linked to neurocognitive problems, including memory and language disturbances. Although it is possible that increased connectivity in a particular brain region may enhance the propensity for seizure generation, it is not clear if global reductions in connectivity represent the damaging consequences of recurrent seizures, or an adaptive mechanism to prevent seizure propagation away from the epileptogenic zone. Overall, studying the connectome in focal epilepsy is a critical endeavor that may lead to improved strategies for epileptogenic-zone localization, surgical outcome prediction, and a better understanding of the neuropsychological implications of recurrent seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario J Englot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A..
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
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18
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Ide JS, Hu S, Zhang S, Mujica-Parodi LR, Li CSR. Power spectrum scale invariance as a neural marker of cocaine misuse and altered cognitive control. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:349-356. [PMID: 27294029 PMCID: PMC4888196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has highlighted the effects of chronic cocaine exposure on cerebral structures and functions, and implicated the prefrontal cortices in deficits of cognitive control. Recent investigations suggest power spectrum scale invariance (PSSI) of cerebral blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals as a neural marker of cerebral activity. We examined here how PSSI is altered in association with cocaine misuse and impaired cognitive control. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy (HC) and seventy-five age and gender matched cocaine dependent (CD) adults participated in functional MRI of a stop signal task (SST). BOLD images were preprocessed using standard procedures in SPM, including detrending, band-pass filtering (0.01-0.25 Hz), and correction for head motions. Voxel-wise PSSI measures were estimated by a linear fit of the power spectrum with a log-log scale. In group analyses, we examined differences in PSSI between HC and CD, and its association with clinical and behavioral variables using a multiple regression. A critical component of cognitive control is post-signal behavioral adjustment, which is compromised in cocaine dependence. Therefore, we examined the PSSI changes in association with post-signal slowing (PSS) in the SST. RESULTS Compared to HC, CD showed decreased PSS and PSSI in multiple frontoparietal regions. PSSI was positively correlated with PSS in HC in multiple regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), which showed reduced PSSI in CD. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest disrupted connectivity dynamics in the fronto-parietal areas in association with post-signal behavioral adjustment in cocaine addicts. These new findings support PSSI as a neural marker of impaired cognitive control in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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