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Healy C, Byrne J, Raj Suasi S, Föcking M, Mongan D, Kodosaki E, Heurich M, Cagney G, Wynne K, Bearden CE, Woods SW, Cornblatt B, Mathalon D, Stone W, Cannon TD, Addington J, Cadenhead KS, Perkins D, Jeffries C, Cotter D. Differential expression of haptoglobin in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis and its association with global functioning and clinical symptoms. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:175-180. [PMID: 38219978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation has been observed in patients with schizophrenia or first-episode psychosis, but few have examined dysregulation in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the peripheral blood-based proteome was dysregulated in those with CHR. Secondly, we examined whether baseline dysregulation was related to current and future functioning and clinical symptoms. METHODS We used data from participants of the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) 2 and 3 (n = 715) who provided blood samples (Unaffected Comparison subjects (UC) n = 223 and CHR n = 483). Baseline proteomic data was quantified from plasma samples using mass spectrometry. Differential expression was examined between CHR and UC using logistic regression. Psychosocial functioning was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). Symptoms were measured using the subscale scores from the Scale of Psychosis-risk Symptoms; positive, negative, general, and disorganised. Three measures of each outcome were included: baseline, longest available follow-up (last follow-up) and most severe follow-up (MSF). Associations between the proteomic data, GAF and symptoms were assessed using ordinal regression. RESULTS Of the 99 proteins quantified, six were differentially expressed between UC and CHR. However, only haptoglobin (HP) survived FDR-correction (OR:1.45, 95 %CI:1.23-1.69, padj = <0.001). HP was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with functioning and symptoms such that higher HP values were associated with poorer functioning and more severe symptoms. Results were evident after stringent adjustment and poorer functioning was observed in both NAPLS cohort separately. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that elevated HP is robustly observed in those at CHR for psychosis, irrespective of transition to psychosis. HP is longitudinally associated with poorer functioning and greater symptom severity. These results agree with previous reports of increased HP gene expression in individuals at-risk for psychosis and with the dysfunction of the acute phase inflammatory response seen in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jonah Byrne
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Subash Raj Suasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University, Belfast Northern Ireland
| | - Eleftheria Kodosaki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales United Kingdom
| | - Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Cagney
- University College Dublin, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute Belfield Dublin 4
| | - Kieran Wynne
- University College Dublin, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute Belfield Dublin 4
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Barbara Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston MA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary Canada
| | | | - Diana Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clark Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9 Ireland
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Cecchi M, Adachi M, Basile A, Buhl DL, Chadchankar H, Christensen S, Christian E, Doherty J, Fadem KC, Farley B, Forman MS, Honda S, Johannesen J, Kinon BJ, Klamer D, Marino MJ, Missling C, O'Donnell P, Piser T, Puryear CB, Quirk MC, Rotte M, Sanchez C, Smith DG, Uslaner JM, Javitt DC, Keefe RSE, Mathalon D, Potter WZ, Walling DP, Ereshefsky L. Validation of a suite of ERP and QEEG biomarkers in a pre-competitive, industry-led study in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:178-189. [PMID: 36921403 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complexity and lack of standardization have mostly limited the use of event-related potentials (ERPs) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) biomarkers in drug development to small early phase trials. We present results from a clinical study on healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ) that assessed test-retest, group differences, variance, and correlation with functional assessments for ERP and QEEG measures collected at clinical and commercial trial sites with standardized instrumentation and methods, and analyzed through an automated data analysis pipeline. METHODS 81 HV and 80 SZ were tested at one of four study sites. Subjects were administered two ERP/EEG testing sessions on separate visits. Sessions included a mismatch negativity paradigm, a 40 Hz auditory steady-state response paradigm, an eyes-closed resting state EEG, and an active auditory oddball paradigm. SZ subjects were also tested on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool (VRFCAT). RESULTS Standardized ERP/EEG instrumentation and methods ensured few test failures. The automated data analysis pipeline allowed for near real-time analysis with no human intervention. Test-retest reliability was fair-to-excellent for most of the outcome measures. SZ subjects showed significant deficits in ERP and QEEG measures consistent with published academic literature. A subset of ERP and QEEG measures correlated with functional assessments administered to the SZ subjects. CONCLUSIONS With standardized instrumentation and methods, complex ERP/EEG testing sessions can be reliably performed at clinical and commercial trial sites to produce high-quality data in near real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Basile
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Klamer
- Anavex Life Sciences Corp., NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - T Piser
- Onsero Therapeutics, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Z Potter
- Independent Consultant, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - L Ereshefsky
- CenExel Research, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
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Ku B, Addington J, Bearden C, Cadenhead K, Cannon T, Compton M, Cornblatt B, Druss B, Keshavan M, Mathalon D, Mcglashan T, Perkins D, Seidman L, Stone W, Tsuang M, Woods S, Walker E. The association between area-level residential instability and gray matter volume changes. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567589 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Area-level residential instability (ARI), an index of social fragmentation, has been shown to explain the association between urbanicity and psychosis. Urban upbringing has been shown to be associated with decreased gray matter volumes (GMV)s of brain regions corresponding to the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (CMFG) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Objectives We hypothesize that greater ARI will be associated with reduced right posterior CMFG and rACC GMVs. Methods Data were collected at baseline as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Counties where participants resided during childhood were geographically coded using the US Censuses to area-level factors. ARI was defined as the percentage of residents living in a different house five years ago. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations between ARI and GMVs. Results This study included 29 HC and 64 CHR-P individuals who were aged 12 to 24 years, had remained in their baseline residential area, and had magnetic resonance imaging scans. ARI was associated with reduced right CMFG (adjusted β = -0.258; 95% CI = -0.502 – -0.015) and right rACC volumes (adjusted β = -0.318; 95% CI = -0.612 – -0.023). The interaction terms (ARI X diagnostic group) in the prediction of both brain regions were not significant, indicating that the relationships between ARI and regional brain volumes held for both CHR-P and HCs. Conclusions Like urban upbringing, ARI may be an important social environmental characteristic that adversely impacts brain regions related to schizophrenia. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Rahaman MA, Damaraju E, Turner JA, van Erp TG, Mathalon D, Vaidya J, Muller B, Pearlson G, Calhoun VD. Tri-Clustering Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Identifies Significant Schizophrenia Effects Across Multiple States in Distinct Subgroups of Individuals. Brain Connect 2022; 12:61-73. [PMID: 34049447 PMCID: PMC8867091 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain imaging data collected from individuals are highly complex with unique variation; however, such variation is typically ignored in approaches that focus on group averages or even supervised prediction. State-of-the-art methods for analyzing dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) subdivide the entire time course into several (possibly overlapping) connectivity states (i.e., sliding window clusters). However, such an approach does not factor in the homogeneity of underlying data and may result in a less meaningful subgrouping of the data set. Methods: Dynamic-N-way tri-clustering (dNTiC) incorporates a homogeneity benchmark to approximate clusters that provide a more "apples-to-apples" comparison between groups within analogous subsets of time-space and subjects. dNTiC sorts the dFNC states by maximizing similarity across individuals and minimizing variance among the pairs of components within a state. Results: Resulting tri-clusters show significant differences between schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy control (HC) in distinct brain regions. Compared with HC subjects, SZ show hypoconnectivity (low positive) among subcortical, default mode, cognitive control, but hyperconnectivity (high positive) between sensory networks in most tri-clusters. In tri-cluster 3, HC subjects show significantly stronger connectivity among sensory networks and anticorrelation between subcortical and sensory networks than SZ. Results also provide a statistically significant difference in SZ and HC subject's reoccurrence time for two distinct dFNC states. Conclusions: Outcomes emphasize the utility of the proposed method for characterizing and leveraging variance within high-dimensional data to enhance the interpretability and sensitivity of measurements in studying a heterogeneous disorder such as SZ and unconstrained experimental conditions as resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. Impact statement The current methods for analyzing dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) run k-means on a collection of dFNC windows, and each window includes all the pairs of independent component analysis networks. As such, it depicts a short-time connectivity pattern of the entire brain, and the k-means clusters fixed-length signatures that have an extent throughout the neural system. Consequently, there is a chance of missing connectivity signatures that span across a smaller subset of pairs. Dynamic-N-way tri-clustering further sorts the dFNC states by maximizing similarity across individuals, minimizing variance among the pairs of components within a state, and reporting more complex and transient patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahaman
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Address correspondence to: Md Abdur Rahaman, Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theo G.M. van Erp
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, California, USA.,Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, California, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jatin Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, Cognitive Brain Development Laboratory, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa, USA
| | - Bryon Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Natraj N, Neylan T, Yack L, Mathalon D, Richards A. 048 Increased Cognitive Load Under Stress Modulates Sleep Spindles and Slow Oscillations in a Sleep-Stage Dependent Manner. Sleep 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab072.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The effect of increased cognitive load especially under duress has been known to affect brain rhythms in humans. However, this effect has been shown primarily in the awake brain; the effect of stressful cognitive load on sleep rhythms is yet unclear. We leveraged a unique opportunity to understand the effect of cognitive load under laboratory stress on sleep spindles and slow oscillations that are hallmark rhythms of NREM sleep.
Methods
Cortical 6-channel EEG nap data were collected from 45 subjects over two separate days: after a control session without laboratory stressors and after an experimental session in which they underwent fear condiitoning and negative-emotional-image viewing sessions. We detected sleep spindles (11-13Hz over frontal regions and 13-16Hz over centroposterior regions) and slow oscillations (0.16–1.25Hz oscillations) as discrete events at each of the six electrodes, and staged them by the sleep hypnogram. We evaluated the spindle rate in N2 sleep and the proportion of slow oscillations nested with a spindle in N3 sleep.
Results
Over all 6 EEG electrodes, N2 spindle rates increased on average by 14% in the experimental session compared to the control session (mixed-effect models p<0.001). In addition, over all 6 electrodes, the proportion of slow oscillations in N3 nested with a spindle increased by 2.3% in the experimental session compared to the control session (mixed effect model, p=0.005).
Conclusion
We show for the first time how increased cognitive load under stressful laboratory conditions affects sleep rhythms. Such an increased response in sleep might correspond to a continued emotional response due to the cognitive load under duress. Ongoing work seeks to tie these findings to possible emotional memory consolidation.
Support (if any)
VA Career Development Award to Dr. Richards (5IK2CX000871-05)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Neylan
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System / UC San Francisco
| | | | | | - Anne Richards
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System / UC San Francisco
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Faghiri A, Damaraju E, Belger A, Ford JM, Mathalon D, McEwen S, Mueller B, Pearlson G, Preda A, Turner JA, Vaidya JG, Van Erp T, Calhoun VD. Brain Density Clustering Analysis: A New Approach to Brain Functional Dynamics. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621716. [PMID: 33927587 PMCID: PMC8076753 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies in recent years have explored whole-brain dynamic connectivity using pairwise approaches. There has been less focus on trying to analyze brain dynamics in higher dimensions over time. METHODS We introduce a new approach that analyzes time series trajectories to identify high traffic nodes in a high dimensional space. First, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are decomposed using spatial ICA to a set of maps and their associated time series. Next, density is calculated for each time point and high-density points are clustered to identify a small set of high traffic nodes. We validated our method using simulations and then implemented it on a real data set. RESULTS We present a novel approach that captures dynamics within a high dimensional space and also does not use any windowing in contrast to many existing approaches. The approach enables one to characterize and study the time series in a potentially high dimensional space, rather than looking at each component pair separately. Our results show that schizophrenia patients have a lower dynamism compared to healthy controls. In addition, we find patients spend more time in nodes associated with the default mode network and less time in components strongly correlated with auditory and sensorimotor regions. Interestingly, we also found that subjects oscillate between state pairs that show opposite spatial maps, suggesting an oscillatory pattern. CONCLUSION Our proposed method provides a novel approach to analyze the data in its native high dimensional space and can possibly provide new information that is undetectable using other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Faghiri
- The Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- The Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sarah McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bryon Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jatin G. Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Theodorus Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia State University, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Ramsay IS, Roach BJ, Fryer S, Fisher M, Loewy R, Ford J, Vinogradov S, Mathalon D. Increased global cognition correlates with increased thalamo-temporal connectivity in response to targeted cognitive training for recent onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:131-137. [PMID: 32007346 PMCID: PMC7299776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit disrupted thalamocortical connections that relate to aspects of symptoms and deficits in cognition. Targeted cognitive training (TCT) of the auditory system in schizophrenia has been shown to improve cognition, but its impact on thalamocortical connectivity is not known. Here we examined thalamocortical connections that may be neuroplastic in response to TCT using a region of interest (ROI) approach. Participants were randomly assigned to either 40 h of TCT (N = 24) or an active control condition (CG; N = 20). Participants underwent resting state fMRI and cognitive testing both before and after training. Changes in thalamocortical connectivity were measured in 15 ROIs derived from a previous study comparing a large sample of schizophrenia subjects with healthy controls. A significant group by time interaction was observed in a left superior temporal ROI which was previously found to exhibit thalamocortical hyper-connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. Changes in this ROI reflected thalamic connectivity increases in the TCT group, while the CG group showed decreases. Additionally, the relationship between connectivity change and change in global cognition showed a slope difference between groups, with increases in thalamo-temporal connectivity correlating with improvements in global cognition in TCT. No significant relationships were observed with changes in clinical symptoms or functioning. These findings demonstrate that TCT may influence intrinsic functional connections in young individuals with schizophrenia, such that improvements in cognition correspond to compensatory increases in connectivity in a temporal region previously shown to exhibit thalamic hyper-connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Fryer
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco
| | | | - Rachel Loewy
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry
| | - Judith Ford
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco
| | | | - Daniel Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco
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Ferrarelli F, Mathalon D. The prodromal phase: Time to broaden the scope beyond transition to psychosis? Schizophr Res 2020; 216:5-6. [PMID: 31924373 PMCID: PMC7239711 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Faghiri A, Iraji A, Damaraju E, Belger A, Ford J, Mathalon D, Mcewen S, Mueller B, Pearlson G, Preda A, Turner J, Vaidya JG, Van Erp TGM, Calhoun VD. Weighted average of shared trajectory: A new estimator for dynamic functional connectivity efficiently estimates both rapid and slow changes over time. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 334:108600. [PMID: 31978489 PMCID: PMC7371494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) of the brain has attracted considerable attention recently. Many approaches have been suggested to study dFNC with sliding window Pearson correlation (SWPC) being the most well-known. SWPC needs a relatively large sample size to reach a robust estimation but using large window sizes prevents us to detect rapid changes in dFNC. NEW METHOD Here we first calculate the gradients of each time series pair and use the magnitude of these gradients to calculate weighted average of shared trajectory (WAST) as a new estimator for dFNC. RESULTS Using WAST to compare healthy control and schizophrenia patients using a large dataset, we show disconnectivity between different regions associated with schizophrenia. In addition, WAST results reveals patients with schizophrenia stay longer in a connectivity state with negative connectivity between motor and sensory regions than do healthy controls. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We compare WAST with SWPC and multiplication of temporal derivatives (MTD) using different simulation scenarios. We show that WAST enables us to detect very rapid changes in dFNC (undetected by SWPC) while MTD performance is generally lower. CONCLUSIONS As large window sizes are unable to detect short states, using shorter window size is desirable if the estimator is robust enough. We provide evidence that WAST requires fewer samples (compared to SWPC) to reach a robust estimation. As a result, we were able to identify rapidly varying dFNC patterns undetected by SWPC while still being able to robustly estimate slower dFNC patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Faghiri
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA.
| | - Armin Iraji
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Judy Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Mcewen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Bryon Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Jatin G Vaidya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, IA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Theo G M Van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, 5251 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, GA, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, NM, USA
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10
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Arbabshirani MR, Preda A, Vaidya JG, Potkin SG, Pearlson G, Voyvodic J, Mathalon D, van Erp T, Michael A, Kiehl KA, Turner JA, Calhoun VD. Autoconnectivity: A new perspective on human brain function. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 323:68-76. [PMID: 31005575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autocorrelation (AC) in fMRI time-series is a well-known phenomenon, typically attributed to colored noise and therefore removed from the data. We hypothesize that AC reflects systematic and meaningful signal fluctuations that may be tied to neural activity and provide evidence to support this hypothesis. NEW METHOD Each fMRI time-series is modeled as an autoregressive process from which the autocorrelation is quantified. Then, autocorrelation during resting-state fMRI and auditory oddball (AOD) task in schizophrenia and healthy volunteers is examined. RESULTS During resting-state, AC was higher in the visual cortex while during AOD task, frontal part of the brain exhibited higher AC in both groups. AC values were significantly lower in specific brain regions in schizophrenia patients (such as thalamus during resting-state) compared to healthy controls in two independent datasets. Moreover, AC values had significant negative correlation with patients' symptoms. AC differences discriminated patients from healthy controls with high accuracy (resting-state). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Contrary to most prior works, the results suggest AC shows meaningful patterns that are discriminative between patients and controls. Our results are in line with recent works attributing autocorrelation to feedback loop of brain's regulatory circuit. CONCLUSIONS Autoconnectivity is cognitive state dependent (resting-state vs. task) and mental state dependent (healthy vs. schizophrenia). The concept of autoconnectivity resembles a recurrent neural network and provides a new perspective of functional integration in the brain. These findings may have important implications for understanding of brain function in health and disease as well as for analysis of fMRI time-series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theo van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Michael
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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11
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Rahaman MA, Turner JA, Gupta CN, Rachakonda S, Chen J, Liu J, van Erp TGM, Potkin S, Ford J, Mathalon D, Lee HJ, Jiang W, Mueller BA, Andreassen O, Agartz I, Sponheim SR, Mayer AR, Stephen J, Jung RE, Canive J, Bustillo J, Calhoun VD. N-BiC: A Method for Multi-Component and Symptom Biclustering of Structural MRI Data: Application to Schizophrenia. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:110-121. [PMID: 30946659 PMCID: PMC7906485 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2908815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We propose and develop a novel biclustering (N-BiC) approach for performing N-way biclustering of neuroimaging data. Our approach is applicable to an arbitrary number of features from both imaging and behavioral data (e.g., symptoms). We applied it to structural MRI data from patients with schizophrenia. METHODS It uses a source-based morphometry approach [i.e., independent component analysis of gray matter segmentation maps] to decompose the data into a set of spatial maps, each of which includes regions that covary among individuals. Then, the loading parameters for components of interest are entered to an exhaustive search, which incorporates a modified depth-first search technique to carry out the biclustering, with the goal of obtaining submatrices where the selected rows (individuals) show homogeneity in their expressions of selected columns (components) and vice versa. RESULTS Findings demonstrate that multiple biclusters have an evident association with distinct brain networks for the different types of symptoms in schizophrenia. The study identifies two components: inferior temporal gyrus (16) and brainstem (7), which are related to positive (distortion/excess of normal function) and negative (diminution/loss of normal function) symptoms in schizophrenia, respectively. CONCLUSION N-BiC is a data-driven method of biclustering MRI data that can exhaustively explore relationships/substructures from a dataset without any prior information with a higher degree of robustness than earlier biclustering applications. SIGNIFICANCE The use of such approaches is important to investigate the underlying biological substrates of mental illness by grouping patients into homogeneous subjects, as the schizophrenia diagnosis is known to be relatively nonspecific and heterogeneous.
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12
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Marshall C, Lu Y, Lyngberg K, Deighton S, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Bearden CE, Mathalon D, Addington J. Changes in symptom content from a clinical high-risk state to conversion to psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:257-263. [PMID: 28771938 PMCID: PMC5797503 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is an interest in the transition to psychosis for those at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. This transition is typically determined by a change in severity of the attenuated symptoms as they reach a psychotic level. However, any concomitant change in the content of such symptoms has not been examined. The current study aimed to examine potential qualitative changes in the symptom content from a clinical high-risk state to a first episode of psychosis. METHODS Sixty-seven individuals, who had been identified as meeting the attenuated psychotic syndrome based on the Structured Interview of Psychosis-Risk Syndromes and who later developed a full-blown psychosis were included in the study. Comprehensive clinical vignettes were written and raters were trained using the Content of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms codebook to code for the presence of specific symptom content found within the attenuated psychotic symptoms of unusual thought content, suspicious ideas, grandiose ideas and perceptual abnormalities. RESULTS Two main changes in symptom content from baseline to conversion were observed. First, content that was vague and lacked intensity progressed to being more specific, concrete and severe. Second, new symptoms appeared whose onset occurred for the first time at conversion. CONCLUSION A change in symptom content should be monitored by clinicians, as changes in content may be indications of a possible transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marshall
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yun Lu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristina Lyngberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie Deighton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Lu Y, Marshall C, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Bearden CE, Mathalon D, Addington J. Perceptual abnormalities in clinical high risk youth and the role of trauma, cannabis use and anxiety. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:462-468. [PMID: 28886901 PMCID: PMC5915322 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that perceptual abnormalities are a group of diverse experiences, which have been associated with trauma, cannabis use, and anxiety. Of the attenuated psychotic symptoms that are present in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, perceptual abnormalities tend to be one of the most frequently endorsed symptoms. However, very few studies have explored perceptual abnormalities and their relationships with the above environmental and affective factors in a CHR sample. Four hundred and forty-one CHR individuals who met criteria for attenuated psychotic symptom syndrome (APSS) determined by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) were assessed on the content of their perceptual abnormalities, early traumatic experience, cannabis use and self-reported anxiety. Logistic regression analyses suggested that both simple auditory and simple visual perceptual abnormalities were more likely to be reported by CHR who had early traumatic experiences, who are current cannabis users, and who have higher levels of anxiety. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only trauma and anxiety were independent predictors of both simple auditory and simple visual perceptual abnormalities. It is possible that examining subtypes of perceptual abnormalities in CHR leads to an improved understanding of the prevalence of such symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Marshall
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Newman E, Jernigan TL, Lisdahl KM, Tamm L, Tapert SF, Potkin SG, Mathalon D, Molina B, Bjork J, Castellanos FX, Swanson J, Kuperman JM, Bartsch H, Chen CH, Dale AM, Epstein JN. Go/No Go task performance predicts cortical thickness in the caudal inferior frontal gyrus in young adults with and without ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:880-92. [PMID: 26404018 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Response inhibition deficits are widely believed to be at the core of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several studies have examined neural architectural correlates of ADHD, but research directly examining structural correlates of response inhibition is lacking. Here we examine the relationship between response inhibition as measured by a Go/No Go task, and cortical surface area and thickness of the caudal inferior frontal gyrus (cIFG), a region implicated in functional imaging studies of response inhibition, in a sample of 114 young adults with and without ADHD diagnosed initially during childhood. We used multiple linear regression models to test the hypothesis that Go/No Go performance would be associated with cIFG surface area or thickness. Results showed that poorer Go/No Go performance was associated with thicker cIFG cortex, and this effect was not mediated by ADHD status or history of substance use. However, independent of Go/No Go performance, persistence of ADHD symptoms and more frequent cannabis use were associated with thinner cIFG. Go/No Go performance was not associated with cortical surface area. The association between poor inhibitory functioning and thicker cIFG suggests that maturation of this region may differ in low performing participants. An independent association of persistent ADHD symptoms and frequent cannabis use with thinner cIFG cortex suggests that distinct neural mechanisms within this region may play a role in inhibitory function, broader ADHD symptomatology, and cannabis use. These results contribute to Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) by revealing novel associations between neural architectural phenotypes and basic neurobehavioral processes measured dimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Newman
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Terry L Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leanne Tamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James Swanson
- The Child Development Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M Kuperman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery N Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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15
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Subramaniam K, Ranasinghe KG, Mathalon D, Nagarajan S, Vinogradov S. Neural mechanisms of mood-induced modulation of reality monitoring in schizophrenia. Cortex 2017; 91:271-286. [PMID: 28162778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reality monitoring is the ability to accurately distinguish the source of self-generated information from externally-presented information. Although people with schizophrenia (SZ) show impaired reality monitoring, nothing is known about how mood state influences this higher-order cognitive process. Accordingly, we induced positive, neutral and negative mood states to test how different mood states modulate subsequent reality monitoring performance. Our findings indicate that mood affected reality monitoring performance in HC and SZ participants in both similar and dissociable ways. Only a positive mood facilitated task performance in Healthy Control (HC) subjects, whereas a negative mood facilitated task performance in SZ subjects. Yet, when both HC and SZ participants were in a positive mood, they recruited medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to bias better subsequent self-generated item identification, despite the fact that mPFC signal was reduced in SZ participants. Additionally, in SZ subjects, negative mood states also modulated left and right dorsal mPFC signal to bias better externally-presented item identification. Together our findings reveal that although the mPFC is hypoactive in SZ participants, mPFC signal plays a functional role in mood-cognition interactions during both positive and negative mood states to facilitate subsequent reality monitoring decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Subramaniam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srikantan Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Gupta CN, Castro E, Rachkonda S, van Erp TGM, Potkin S, Ford JM, Mathalon D, Lee HJ, Mueller BA, Greve DN, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Mayer AR, Stephen J, Jung RE, Bustillo J, Calhoun VD, Turner JA. Biclustered Independent Component Analysis for Complex Biomarker and Subtype Identification from Structural Magnetic Resonance Images in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:179. [PMID: 29018368 PMCID: PMC5623192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and cognitive symptoms domain-based subtyping in schizophrenia (Sz) has been critiqued due to the lack of neurobiological correlates and heterogeneity in symptom scores. We, therefore, present a novel data-driven framework using biclustered independent component analysis to detect subtypes from the reliable and stable gray matter concentration (GMC) of patients with Sz. The developed methodology consists of the following steps: source-based morphometry (SBM) decomposition, selection and sorting of two component loadings, subtype component reconstruction using group information-guided ICA (GIG-ICA). This framework was applied to the top two group discriminative components namely the insula/superior temporal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus (I-STG-IFG component) and the superior frontal gyrus/middle frontal gyrus/medial frontal gyrus (SFG-MiFG-MFG component) from our previous SBM study, which showed diagnostic group difference and had the highest effect sizes. The aggregated multisite dataset consisted of 382 patients with Sz regressed of age, gender, and site voxelwise. We observed two subtypes (i.e., two different subsets of subjects) each heavily weighted on these two components, respectively. These subsets of subjects were characterized by significant differences in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) positive clinical symptoms (p = 0.005). We also observed an overlapping subtype weighing heavily on both of these components. The PANSS general clinical symptom of this subtype was trend level correlated with the loading coefficients of the SFG-MiFG-MFG component (r = 0.25; p = 0.07). The reconstructed subtype-specific component using GIG-ICA showed variations in voxel regions, when compared to the group component. We observed deviations from mean GMC along with conjunction of features from two components characterizing each deciphered subtype. These inherent variations in GMC among patients with Sz could possibly indicate the need for personalized treatment and targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cota Navin Gupta
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Eduardo Castro
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States
| | | | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Judith M Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hyo Jong Lee
- Divisions of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bryon A Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Douglas N Greve
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Julia Stephen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Rex E Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Juan Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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Marshall C, Deighton S, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Bearden CE, Mathalon D, Addington J. The Violent Content in Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:61-66. [PMID: 27259137 PMCID: PMC8130822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between psychosis and violence has typically focused on factors likely to predict who will commit violent acts. One unexplored area is violence in the content of subthreshold positive symptoms. The current aim was to conduct an exploratory analysis of violent content in the attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) of those at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) who met criteria for attenuated psychotic symptom syndrome (APSS). The APS of 442 CHR individuals, determined by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, were described in comprehensive vignettes. The content of these symptoms were coded using the Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms Codebook. Other measures included clinical symptoms, functioning, beliefs and trauma. Individuals with violent content had significantly higher APS, greater negative beliefs about the self and others, and increased bullying. The same findings and higher ratings on anxiety symptoms were present when participants with self-directed violence were compared to participants with no violent content. Individuals reporting violent content differ in their clinical presentation compared to those who do not experience violent content. Adverse life events, like bullying, may impact the presence of violent content in APS symptoms. Future studies should explore violent content in relation to actual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marshall
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie Deighton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristin S. Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Deighton S, Buchy L, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Bearden CE, Mathalon D, Addington J. Traumatic brain injury in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2016; 174:77-81. [PMID: 27165121 PMCID: PMC5037435 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly increase the risk of later development of psychosis. However, it is unknown whether people at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have experienced TBI at higher rates, compared to otherwise healthy individuals. This study evaluated the prevalence of mild TBI, whether it was related to past trauma and the relationship of mild TBI to later transition to psychosis. METHODS Seven-hundred forty-seven CHR and 278 healthy controls (HC) were assessed on past history of mild TBI, age at first and last injury, severity of worst injury and number of injuries using the Traumatic Brain Injury Interview. Attenuated psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Scale of Psychosis-risk Symptoms. IQ was estimated using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and past trauma and bullying were recorded using the Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale. RESULTS CHR participants experienced a mild TBI more often than the HC group. CHR participants who had experienced a mild TBI reported greater total trauma and bullying scores than those who had not, and those who experienced a mild TBI and later made the transition to psychosis were significantly younger at the age at first and most recent injury than those who did not. CONCLUSION A history of mild TBI is more frequently observed in CHR individuals than in HC. Inclusion or study of CHR youth with more severe TBI may provide additional insights on the relationship between TBI and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Deighton
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Buchy
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United States
| | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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19
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Miller RL, Yaesoubi M, Turner JA, Mathalon D, Preda A, Pearlson G, Adali T, Calhoun VD. Higher Dimensional Meta-State Analysis Reveals Reduced Resting fMRI Connectivity Dynamism in Schizophrenia Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149849. [PMID: 26981625 PMCID: PMC4794213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional brain imaging studies of network connectivity have long assumed that functional connections are stationary on the timescale of a typical scan. Interest in moving beyond this simplifying assumption has emerged only recently. The great hope is that training the right lens on time-varying properties of whole-brain network connectivity will shed additional light on previously concealed brain activation patterns characteristic of serious neurological or psychiatric disorders. We present evidence that multiple explicitly dynamical properties of time-varying whole-brain network connectivity are strongly associated with schizophrenia, a complex mental illness whose symptomatic presentation can vary enormously across subjects. As with so much brain-imaging research, a central challenge for dynamic network connectivity lies in determining transformations of the data that both reduce its dimensionality and expose features that are strongly predictive of important population characteristics. Our paper introduces an elegant, simple method of reducing and organizing data around which a large constellation of mutually informative and intuitive dynamical analyses can be performed. This framework combines a discrete multidimensional data-driven representation of connectivity space with four core dynamism measures computed from large-scale properties of each subject’s trajectory, ie., properties not identifiable with any specific moment in time and therefore reasonable to employ in settings lacking inter-subject time-alignment, such as resting-state functional imaging studies. Our analysis exposes pronounced differences between schizophrenia patients (Nsz = 151) and healthy controls (Nhc = 163). Time-varying whole-brain network connectivity patterns are found to be markedly less dynamically active in schizophrenia patients, an effect that is even more pronounced in patients with high levels of hallucinatory behavior. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration that high-level dynamic properties of whole-brain connectivity, generic enough to be commensurable under many decompositions of time-varying connectivity data, exhibit robust and systematic differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L. Miller
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maziar Yaesoubi
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Olin Neuropyschiatry Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Tulay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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20
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Gupta CN, Calhoun VD, Rachakonda S, Chen J, Patel V, Liu J, Segall J, Franke B, Zwiers MP, Arias-Vasquez A, Buitelaar J, Fisher SE, Fernandez G, van Erp TGM, Potkin S, Ford J, Mathalon D, McEwen S, Lee HJ, Mueller BA, Greve DN, Andreassen O, Agartz I, Gollub RL, Sponheim SR, Ehrlich S, Wang L, Pearlson G, Glahn DC, Sprooten E, Mayer AR, Stephen J, Jung RE, Canive J, Bustillo J, Turner JA. Patterns of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Based on an International Mega-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1133-42. [PMID: 25548384 PMCID: PMC4535628 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of gray matter concentration (GMC) deficits in patients with schizophrenia (Sz) have identified robust changes throughout the cortex. We assessed the relationships between diagnosis, overall symptom severity, and patterns of gray matter in the largest aggregated structural imaging dataset to date. We performed both source-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses on GMC images from 784 Sz and 936 controls (Ct) across 23 scanning sites in Europe and the United States. After correcting for age, gender, site, and diagnosis by site interactions, SBM analyses showed 9 patterns of diagnostic differences. They comprised separate cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. Seven patterns showed greater GMC in Ct than Sz, while 2 (brainstem and cerebellum) showed greater GMC for Sz. The greatest GMC deficit was in a single pattern comprising regions in the superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and medial frontal cortex, which replicated over analyses of data subsets. VBM analyses identified overall cortical GMC loss and one small cluster of increased GMC in Sz, which overlapped with the SBM brainstem component. We found no significant association between the component loadings and symptom severity in either analysis. This mega-analysis confirms that the commonly found GMC loss in Sz in the anterior temporal lobe, insula, and medial frontal lobe form a single, consistent spatial pattern even in such a diverse dataset. The separation of GMC loss into robust, repeatable spatial patterns across multiple datasets paves the way for the application of these methods to identify subtle genetic and clinical cohort effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;,Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillen Fernandez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Steven Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Judith Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sarah McEwen
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hyo Jong Lee
- Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ole Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;,Department of Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;,Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA;,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;,Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT;,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT;,Institute of Living, Hartford Healthcare Corporation, Hartford, CT
| | | | | | - Rex E. Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jose Canive
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;,Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Juan Bustillo
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, US; tel: 404-413-6211, fax: 404-413-6207, e-mail:
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21
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Cortes-Briones J, Skosnik PD, Mathalon D, Cahill J, Pittman B, Williams A, Sewell RA, Ranganathan M, Roach B, Ford J, D'Souza DC. Δ9-THC Disrupts Gamma (γ)-Band Neural Oscillations in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2124-34. [PMID: 25709097 PMCID: PMC4613601 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gamma (γ)-band oscillations play a key role in perception, associative learning, and conscious awareness and have been shown to be disrupted by cannabinoids in animal studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether cannabinoids disrupt γ-oscillations in humans and whether these effects relate to their psychosis-relevant behavioral effects. The acute, dose-related effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) on the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) were studied in humans (n=20) who completed 3 test days during which they received intravenous Δ(9)-THC (placebo, 0.015, and 0.03 mg/kg) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while subjects listened to auditory click trains presented at 20, 30, and 40 Hz. Psychosis-relevant effects were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS). Δ(9)-THC (0.03 mg/kg) reduced intertrial coherence (ITC) in the 40 Hz condition compared with 0.015 mg/kg and placebo. No significant effects were detected for 30 and 20 Hz stimulation. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between 40 Hz ITC and PANSS subscales and total scores under the influence of Δ(9)-THC. Δ(9)-THC (0.03 mg/kg) reduced evoked power during 40 Hz stimulation at a trend level. Recent users of cannabis showed blunted Δ(9)-THC effects on ITC and evoked power. We show for the first time in humans that cannabinoids disrupt γ-band neural oscillations. Furthermore, there is a relationship between disruption of γ-band neural oscillations and psychosis-relevant phenomena induced by cannabinoids. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting some overlap between the acute effects of cannabinoids and the behavioral and psychophysiological alterations observed in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cortes-Briones
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick D Skosnik
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Mental Health Service Line, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Cahill
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashley Williams
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Andrew Sewell
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Roach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Mental Health Service Line, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Mental Health Service Line, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Psychiatry Service 116A, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA, Tel: +1 203 932 5711 (2594), Fax: +1 203 937 4860, E-mail:
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22
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Buchy L, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Heinssen R, Bearden CE, Mathalon D, Addington J. Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2275-84. [PMID: 25727300 PMCID: PMC8182984 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of research reports has indicated that the use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol and tobacco are higher in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis than in controls. Little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of substance use, and findings on the relationship between substance use and later transition to psychosis in CHR individuals are mixed. METHOD At baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, 735 CHR and 278 control participants completed the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale and a cannabis use questionnaire. The longitudinal trajectory of substance use was evaluated with linear mixed models. RESULTS CHR participants endorsed significantly higher cannabis and tobacco use severity, and lower alcohol use severity, at baseline and over a 1-year period compared with controls. CHR youth had higher lifetime prevalence and frequency of cannabis, and were significantly younger upon first use, and were more likely to use alone and during the day. Baseline substance use did not differentiate participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 90) from those who did not transition (n = 272). Controls had lower tobacco use than CHR participants with a prodromal progression clinical outcome and lower cannabis use than those with a psychotic clinical outcome at the 2-year assessment. CONCLUSIONS In CHR individuals cannabis and tobacco use is higher than in controls and this pattern persists across 1 year. Evaluation of clinical outcome may provide additional information on the longitudinal impact of substance use that cannot be detected through evaluation of transition/non-transition to psychosis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Buchy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - T. D. Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - B. A. Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - T. H. McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D. O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L. J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E. F. Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S. W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R. Heinssen
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Research Program, Division of Adult Translational Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C. E. Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D. Mathalon
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J. Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Potkin SG, Turner JA, Guffanti G, Lakatos A, Fallon JH, Nguyen DD, Mathalon D, Ford J, Lauriello J, Macciardi F. A genome-wide association study of schizophrenia using brain activation as a quantitative phenotype. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:96-108. [PMID: 19023125 PMCID: PMC2643953 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are increasingly used to identify risk genes for complex illnesses including schizophrenia. These studies may require thousands of subjects to obtain sufficient power. We present an alternative strategy with increased statistical power over a case-control study that uses brain imaging as a quantitative trait (QT) in the context of a GWAS in schizophrenia. METHODS Sixty-four subjects with chronic schizophrenia and 74 matched controls were recruited from the Functional Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN) consortium. Subjects were genotyped using the Illumina HumanHap300 BeadArray and were scanned while performing a Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm in which they learned and then recognized target sets of digits in an functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol. The QT was the mean blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the probe condition for a memory load of 3 items. RESULTS Three genes or chromosomal regions were identified by having 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) each significant at P < 10(-6) for the interaction between the imaging QT and the diagnosis (ROBO1-ROBO2, TNIK, and CTXN3-SLC12A2). Three other genes had a significant SNP at <10(-6) (POU3F2, TRAF, and GPC1). Together, these 6 genes/regions identified pathways involved in neurodevelopment and response to stress. CONCLUSION Combining imaging and genetic data from a GWAS identified genes related to forebrain development and stress response, already implicated in schizophrenic dysfunction, as affecting prefrontal efficiency. Although the identified genes require confirmation in an independent sample, our approach is a screening method over the whole genome to identify novel SNPs related to risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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24
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Brown GG, McCarthy G, Bischoff-Grethe A, Ozyurt B, Greve D, Potkin SG, Turner JA, Notestine R, Calhoun VD, Ford JM, Mathalon D, Manoach DS, Gadde S, Glover GH, Wible CG, Belger A, Gollub RL, Lauriello J, O'Leary D, Lim KO. Brain-performance correlates of working memory retrieval in schizophrenia: a cognitive modeling approach. Schizophr Bull 2009; 35:32-46. [PMID: 19023127 PMCID: PMC2643949 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Correlations of cognitive functioning with brain activation during a sternberg item recognition paradigm (SIRP) were investigated in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls studied at 8 sites. To measure memory scanning times, 4 response time models were fit to SIRP data. The best fitting model assumed exhaustive serial memory scanning followed by self-terminating memory search and involved one intercept parameter to represent SIRP processes not contributing directly to memory scanning. Patients displayed significantly longer response times with increasing memory load and differed on the memory scanning, memory search, and intercept parameters of the best fitting probability model. Groups differed in the correlation between the memory scanning parameter and linear brain response to increasing memory load within left inferior and left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral caudate, and right precuneus. The pattern of findings in these regions indicated that high scanning capacity was associated with high neural capacity among healthy subjects but that scanning speed was uncoupled from brain response to increasing memory load among schizophrenia patients. Group differences in correlation of the best fitting model's scanning parameter with a quadratic trend in brain response to increasing memory load suggested inefficient or disordered patterns of neural inhibition among individuals with schizophrenia, especially in the left perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The results show at both cognitive and neural levels that disordered memory scanning contributes to deficient SIRP performance among schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego; Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | | | | | - Burak Ozyurt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
| | - Doug Greve
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | | | - Randy Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Electrical and Computer Engineering; The Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Judy M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco
| | - Daniel Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Syam Gadde
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University
| | | | - Cynthia G. Wible
- Department of Psychiatry, Harward Medical School and Brockton VAMC
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill
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25
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Ford J, Mathalon D. Neural asynchrony and symptoms of schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Daurignac E, Toga A, Jones D, Aronen H, Hommer D, Jemigan T, Krystal J, Mathalon D. Applications of morphometric and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging to the study of brain abnormalities in the alcoholism spectrum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 29:159-166. [PMID: 15895490 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000150891.72900.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Krystal JH, D'Souza DC, Mathalon D, Perry E, Belger A, Hoffman R. NMDA receptor antagonist effects, cortical glutamatergic function, and schizophrenia: toward a paradigm shift in medication development. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 169:215-33. [PMID: 12955285 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 07/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia despite the introduction of important new medications. New treatment insights may come from appreciating the therapeutic implications of model psychoses. In particular, basic and clinical studies have employed the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, as a probe of NMDA receptor contributions to cognition and behavior. These studies illustrate a translational neuroscience approach for probing mechanistic hypotheses related to the neurobiology and treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders. Two particular pathophysiologic themes associated with schizophrenia, the disturbance of cortical connectivity and the disinhibition of glutamatergic activity may be modeled by the administration of NMDA receptor antagonists. The purpose of this review is to consider the possibility that agents that attenuate these two components of NMDA receptor antagonist response may play complementary roles in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Krystal
- Schizophrenia Biological Research Center (116-A), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave., West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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28
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Sullivan EV, Lim KO, Mathalon D, Marsh L, Beal DM, Harris D, Hoff AL, Faustman WO, Pfefferbaum A. A profile of cortical gray matter volume deficits characteristic of schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 1998; 8:117-24. [PMID: 9542891 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/8.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from our laboratory have reported that patients with schizophrenia show a widespread cortical gray matter volume deficit, which is especially pronounced in the prefrontal and anterior superior temporal cortices. The present study compared two separate samples of schizophrenic patients -- 71 men from a Veterans Administration (VA) hospital and a sample of 57 severely ill men from a state hospital (SH) -- in an effort to test whether the pattern of brain volume abnormalities previously observed in VA schizophrenic patients can be generalized to other groups of schizophrenic patients. MRI-derived brain volumes of gray matter, white matter and sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in six cortical regions, and CSF in the lateral and third ventricles were computed. All MRI volumes were adjusted for normal variation in head size and age and were expressed as standardized Z-scores, which also permitted structures of different sizes to be compared directly. The two schizophrenic groups displayed similar patterns of volume abnormalities: cortical gray matter but not white matter volume deficits that were widespread but especially notable in the prefrontal and temporal regions. The regional gray matter deficits in the SH group were generally greater than those in the VA group, particularly in the prefrontal and posterior superior temporal regions. Both schizophrenic groups had abnormally large volumes of the cortical sulci and lateral and third ventricles; however, the SH group showed greater enlargements, the most prominent occurring in the ventricles and temporal sulci. The overlapping patterns of cortical gray matter deficits in the two groups provide evidence for generality of this pattern of regional brain volume abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5717, USA.
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Pfefferbaum A, Ford JM, White PM, Mathalon D. Event-related potentials in alcoholic men: P3 amplitude reflects family history but not alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991; 15:839-50. [PMID: 1755518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multilead event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited by auditory and visual stimuli requiring a button press response and by a startling noise requiring no response, were recorded from male alcoholics and age-matched male controls (26-60 years old). Single-trial analyses of blink responses to the startling stimuli indicated that alcoholics startle less frequently but with equivalent amplitude as the controls. In contrast, single-trial analyses of P3 indicated that alcoholics generate a P3 as often as controls, but that their individual P3s are smaller. Alcoholics who reported a positive family history of problem drinking had larger startle blink amplitudes and smaller auditory and visual P3s than did alcoholics who reported a negative family history. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to demonstrate that smaller P3s in family history positive alcoholics were independent of lifetime alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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