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MacQueen GM, Hassel S, Arnott SR, Jean A, Bowie CR, Bray SL, Davis AD, Downar J, Foster JA, Frey BN, Goldstein BI, Hall GB, Harkness KL, Harris J, Lam RW, Lebel C, Milev R, Müller DJ, Parikh SV, Rizvi S, Rotzinger S, Sharma GB, Soares CN, Turecki G, Vila-Rodriguez F, Yu J, Zamyadi M, Strother SC, Kennedy SH. The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND): magnetic resonance imaging protocols. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:223-236. [PMID: 30840428 PMCID: PMC6606427 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of clinical populations that combine MRI data generated at multiple sites are increasingly common. The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND; www.canbind.ca) is a national depression research program that includes multimodal neuroimaging collected at several sites across Canada. The purpose of the current paper is to provide detailed information on the imaging protocols used in a number of CAN-BIND studies. The CAN-BIND program implemented a series of platform-specific MRI protocols, including a suite of prescribed structural and functional MRI sequences supported by real-time monitoring for adherence and quality control. The imaging data are retained in an established informatics and databasing platform. Approximately 1300 participants are being recruited, including almost 1000 with depression. These include participants treated with antidepressant medications, transcranial magnetic stimulation, cognitive behavioural therapy and cognitive remediation therapy. Our ability to analyze the large number of imaging variables available may be limited by the sample size of the substudies. The CAN-BIND program includes a multimodal imaging database supported by extensive clinical, demographic, neuropsychological and biological data from people with major depression. It is a resource for Canadian investigators who are interested in understanding whether aspects of neuroimaging — alone or in combination with other variables — can predict the outcomes of various treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda M. MacQueen
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Stephen R. Arnott
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Addington Jean
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Christopher R. Bowie
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Signe L. Bray
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Andrew D. Davis
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Jonathan Downar
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Jane A. Foster
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Benjamin I. Goldstein
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Geoffrey B. Hall
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Kate L. Harkness
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Jacqueline Harris
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Catherine Lebel
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Roumen Milev
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Sagar V. Parikh
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Sakina Rizvi
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Gulshan B. Sharma
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Claudio N. Soares
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Joanna Yu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Mojdeh Zamyadi
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Stephen C. Strother
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (MacQueen, Hassel, Addington, Sharma); the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Arnott, Zamyadi, Strother); the Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Bowie, Harkness, Milev); the Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Bray, Lebel); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall); the Krembil Research Institute and Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Downar, Müller, Rizvi, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry, Krembil Research Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Foster, Rotzinger, Kennedy); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Foster, Frey); the Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Goldstein); the Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada (Harris); the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, B.C., Canada (Lam, Vila-Rodriguez); the Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University and Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ont., Canada (Milev, Soares); the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Müller); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Parikh); the Arthur Sommer Rotenberg Suicide and Depression Studies Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rizvi); the Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Rotzinger, Soares, Yu); McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Frank B. Common, Montréal, Que., Canada (Turecki); and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Kennedy)
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