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Gupta JK, Singh K, Bhatt A, Porwal P, Rani R, Dubey A, Jain D, Rai SN. Recent advances in the synthesis of antidepressant derivatives: pharmacologic insights for mood disorders. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 39376479 PMCID: PMC11456089 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depression, remain a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous efforts to develop novel and more effective antidepressant therapies. Although there have been significant advancements in comprehending the biology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a considerable number of people suffering from depression do not exhibit positive responses to the pharmacologic treatments now available. This study specifically examines emerging targets and potential future approaches for pharmaceutical interventions in the treatment of MDD. The discussion revolves around novel therapeutic agents and their effectiveness in treating depression. The focus is on the specific pathophysiological pathways targeted by these agents and the amount of evidence supporting their use. While conventional antidepressants are anticipated to continue being the primary treatment for MDD in the foreseeable future, there is currently extensive research being conducted on numerous new compounds to determine their effectiveness in treating MDD. Many of these compounds have shown encouraging results. This review highlighted the recent advances in the synthesis of antidepressant derivatives and explores their pharmacologic insights for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Alok Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Prateek Porwal
- FS College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, FS University, Near Balaji Mandir, ShikohabadFirozabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rekha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Anubhav Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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Wang Y, Lu Q, Penpat I, Wu J, Abulikemu D, Zeng FC, Huang JY, Hu ZH. Clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride on mild-to-moderate depression. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:848-856. [PMID: 38984332 PMCID: PMC11230087 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i6.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common, chronic, and recurrent mood disorder that has become a worldwide health hazard. Fluoxetine hydrochloride, a common treatment method, can inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) recycling in the presynaptic membrane; however, the efficacy of a single drug is inadequate. At present, mild-to-moderate depression can be treated with acupuncture of ghost caves, but the clinical curative effect of combined therapy with fluoxetine hydrochloride has not been sufficiently reported. AIM To evaluate the clinical effect of acupuncture at ghost points combined with fluoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. METHODS This retrospective study included 160 patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were admitted to Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, between January 2022 and June 2023. Patients were separated into a single-agent group (fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment, n = 80) and a coalition group (fluoxetine hydrochloride treatment combined with acupuncture at ghost points, n = 80). Pre-treatment symptoms were recorded, and the clinical curative effect and adverse reactions [Asberg Antidepressant Side Effects Scale (SERS)] were assessed. Depression before and after treatment [Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-24], neurotransmitter levels [5-HT, norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA)], oxidative stress indicators [superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA)], and sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)] were compared. RESULTS The total efficacy rate was 97.50% in the coalition group and 86.25% in the single-agent group (P < 0.05). After 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk of treatment, the HAMD, self-rating depression scale, and SERS scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased compared with pre-treatment, and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group (P < 0.05). After 8 wk of treatment, the levels of NE, DA, 5-HT, and SOD in the coalition and single-agent groups increased, while the levels of MDA decreased; the increases and decrease in the coalition group were more significant (P < 0.05). The PSQI scores of the coalition and single-agent groups decreased, and the decrease was more significant in the coalition group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Acupuncture at ghost points combined with paroxetine tablets can safely improve depressive symptoms and sleep disorders, regulate neurotransmitter levels, and reduce stress responses in patients with mild-to-moderate depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ittipalanukul Penpat
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Dilinuer Abulikemu
- Department of General Practice, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei-Cui Zeng
- General Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North Bund Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jia-Ying Huang
- General Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Hongkou District Jiaxing Road Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Hu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
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Liu J, Liu Y, Ma W, Tong Y, Zheng J. Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12346. [PMID: 38811645 PMCID: PMC11137143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression has been reported as one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses globally. This study aimed to obtain information on the global burden of depression and its associated spatiotemporal variation, by exploring the correlation between the global burden of depression and the social development index (SDI) and associated risk factors. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019, we described the prevalence and burden of disease in 204 countries across 21 regions, including sex and age differences and the relationship between the global disease burden and SDI. The age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage change were used to assess the global burden of depression. Individuals with documented depression globally ranged from 182,183,358 in 1990 to 290,185,742 in 2019, representing an increase of 0.59%. More patients experienced major depressive disorder than dysthymia. The incidence and disability-adjusted life years of depression were the highest in the 60-64 age group and much higher in females than in males, with this trend occurring across all ages. The age-standardized incidence and adjusted life-years-disability rates varied with different SDI levels. Relevant risk factors for depression were identified. National governments must support research to improve prevention and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiao Liu
- College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Tong
- College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- College of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Martinez-Calderon J, García-Muñoz C, Heredia-Rizo AM, Cano-García FJ. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer around the world: An overview of systematic reviews evaluating 128 meta-analyses. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:701-719. [PMID: 38311072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis summarized the prevalence of anxiety and depression in different types of tumors around the world. METHODS The quality of reviews was assessed. The degree of overlap between reviews was calculated. The regional prevalence of anxiety and depression was shown in the main text based on the World Health Organization regions. RESULTS Twenty-five reviews including 128 meta-analyses of interest were selected. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in breast tumors was in Africa (19 %), the Americas (38 %), Eastern Mediterranean (56 %), Europe (38 %), South-East Asia (42 %), and Western Pacific (26 %). The pooled prevalence of depression in breast tumors was in Africa (40 %), the Americas (23-25 %), Eastern Mediterranean (49-51 %), Europe (27-29 %), South-East Asia (23-33 %), Western Pacific (29 %). The pooled prevalence of depression in digestive tumors was in the Americas (4-44 %), Eastern Mediterranean (42 %), Europe (20-27 %), South-East Asia (66 %), and Western Pacific (24-40 %). The pooled national prevalence of anxiety and depression was mainly evaluated in China and Iran. LIMITATIONS Important methodological issues were identified. For example, no reviews judged the certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS The Eastern Mediterranean region showed the highest prevalence of anxiety and depression for breast tumors. The South-East Asian region showed the highest prevalence of depression for digestive tumors. In these regions, many countries are considered low-income and middle-income countries. Further research funding would help increase the investigation on this topic, which may allow the development of preventive strategies that reduce the prevalence of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Calderon
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; CTS 1110: Understanding Movement and Self in health from Science (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Muñoz
- CTS 1110: Understanding Movement and Self in health from Science (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain; Departamento Ciencias de la Salud y Biomédicas, Universidad Loyola de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; CTS 1110: Understanding Movement and Self in health from Science (UMSS) Research Group, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cano-García
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain
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Chan VKY, Leung MYM, Chan SSM, Yang D, Knapp M, Luo H, Craig D, Chen Y, Bishai DM, Wong GHY, Lum TYS, Chan EWY, Wong ICK, Li X. Projecting the 10-year costs of care and mortality burden of depression until 2032: a Markov modelling study developed from real-world data. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 45:101026. [PMID: 38352243 PMCID: PMC10862399 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Based on real-world data, we developed a 10-year prediction model to estimate the burden among patients with depression from the public healthcare system payer's perspective to inform early resource planning in Hong Kong. Methods We developed a Markov cohort model with yearly cycles specifically capturing the pathway of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and comorbidity development along the disease course. Projected from 2023 to 2032, primary outcomes included costs of all-cause and psychiatric care, and secondary outcomes were all-cause deaths, years of life lived, and quality-adjusted life-years. Using the territory-wide electronic medical records, we identified 25,190 patients aged ≥10 years with newly diagnosed depression from 2014 to 2016 with follow-up until 2020 to observe the real-world time-to-event pattern, based on which costs and time-varying transition inputs were derived using negative binomial modelling and parametric survival analysis. We applied the model as both closed cohort, which studied a fixed cohort of incident patients in 2023, and open cohort, which introduced incident patients by year from 2014 to 2032. Utilities and annual new patients were from published sources. Findings With 9217 new patients in 2023, our closed cohort model projected the 10-year cumulative costs of all-cause and psychiatric care to reach US$309.0 million and US$58.3 million, respectively, with 899 deaths (case fatality rate: 9.8%) by 2032. In our open cohort model, 55,849-57,896 active prevalent cases would cost more than US$322.3 million and US$60.7 million, respectively, with more than 943 deaths annually from 2023 to 2032. Fewer than 20% of cases would live with TRD or comorbidities but contribute 31-54% of the costs. The greatest collective burden would occur in women aged above 40, but men aged above 65 and below 25 with medical history would have the highest costs per patient-year. The key cost drivers were relevant to the early disease stages. Interpretation A limited proportion of patients would develop TRD and comorbidities but contribute to a high proportion of costs, which necessitates appropriate attention and resource allocation. Our projection also demonstrates the application of real-world data to model long-term costs and mortality, which aid policymakers anticipate foreseeable burden and undertake budget planning to prepare for the care need in alternative scenarios. Funding Research Impact Fund from the University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council with matching fund from the Hong Kong Association of Pharmaceutical Industry (R7007-22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kin Yi Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Yee Mallory Leung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandra Sau Man Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Deliang Yang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Knapp
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dawn Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Yingyao Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, China
| | - David Makram Bishai
- Division of Health Economics, Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gloria Hoi Yan Wong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terry Yat Sang Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Wai Yin Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D4H), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D4H), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Department of Policy and Practice, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D4H), Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jennings HM, Anas A, Asmat S, Naz A, Afaq S, Ahmed N, Aslam F, Gomez GZ, Siddiqi N, Ekers D. Living with depression and diabetes: A qualitative study in Bangladesh and Pakistan. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002846. [PMID: 38271347 PMCID: PMC10810509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes and depression are both serious health conditions. While their relationship is bidirectional and each condition adversely affects outcomes for the other, they are treated separately. In low and middle income countries, such as Bangladesh and Pakistan, health systems are already stretched and the integration of diabetes and depression care is rarely a priority. Within this context through interviews with patients, healthcare workers and policy makers the study explored: lived experiences of people living with depression and diabetes, current practice in mental health and diabetes care and barriers and perspectives on integrating a brief psychological therapy into diabetes care. The findings of the study included: differing patient and practitioner understandings of distress/depression, high levels of stigma for mental health and a lack of awareness and training on treating depression. While it was apparent there is a need for more holistic care and the concept of a brief psychological intervention appeared acceptable to participants, many logistical barriers to integrating a mental health intervention into diabetes care were identified. The study highlights the importance of context and of recognising drivers and understandings of distress when planning for more integrated mental and physical health services, and specifically when adapting and implementing a new intervention into existing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Maria Jennings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraful Anas
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sara Asmat
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anum Naz
- Institute of Psychiatry (IoP), Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Afaq
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faiza Aslam
- Institute of Psychiatry (IoP), Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - David Ekers
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS FT, Darlington, United Kingdom
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Miao YF, Dong XX, Li DL, Zhang T, Wu Y, Pan CW. Chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Roles of perceived social support and area of residence. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:290-298. [PMID: 37567346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that having noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in elderly people; however, the mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate whether perceived social support (PSS) mediates the effect of NCDs on depressive symptoms and whether these relationships differ depending on where middle-aged and elderly people live. METHODS The study population was from the psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents (PBICR). A total of 8732 people aged 45 and older were included in the hypothetical modulated model. Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate PSS and depressive symptoms. RESULTS NCDs were positively related to depressive symptoms (β = 0.81, p < 0.01) and indirectly mediated through PSS (β = 0.08). Residency moderated the relationship between NCDs and PSS (β = -0.16, p < 0.01) and between NCDs and depressive symptoms (β = 0.29, p < 0.01). Specifically, the effect of NCDs on PSS and depressive symptoms was greater in rural middle-aged and older adults. CONCLUSIONS NCDs raise the risk of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese, with PSS playing a partially protective role. In addition, the area of residence moderated the connection between the number of NCDs and PSS, NCDs, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Miao
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Xuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Association of reduced serum EGF and leptin levels with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288159. [PMID: 37399205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder having a very diverse course and causing a significant changes in daily life. Though the exact pathophysiology of depression is still not known, an alteration in the serum levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors was seen in MDD subjects. In this study, we compared the serum levels of 'pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin and neurotrophic factor EGF' in healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients. To make the findings more accurate, we eventually looked for a correlation between altered serum leptin and EGF levels and the severity of the disease condition. METHODS For this case-control study, about 205 MDD patients were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, and about 195 HCs were enrolled from various parts of Dhaka. The DSM-5 was utilized to evaluate and diagnose the participants. The HAM-D 17 scale was used to measure the severity of depression. After collecting blood samples, they were centrifuged to produce clear serum samples. These serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure serum leptin and EGF levels. RESULTS We observed lowered serum EGF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (524.70 ± 27.25 pg/ml vs. 672.52 ± 49.64 pg/ml, p = 0.009), and HAM-D score was elevated in MDD patients compared to HCs (17.17 ± 0.56 vs. 2.49 ± 0.43, p<0.001). But no correlation was established between serum EGF levels and the severity of depression. However, no significant differences were observed between MDD patients and HCs in the case of serum leptin levels (p = 0.231). CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that reduced serum EGF levels have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression. But as per our investigation, the severity of depression is not correlated with altered EGF levels. Our findings regarding the association of EGF with MDD would help to use EGF as a risk indicator of depression. We suggest further clinical investigations to determine the precise function of leptin and EGF in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Khan JR, Muurlink O, Hu N, Awan N, Lingam R. Pregnancy, spousal connectedness, and young married women's mental health: an analysis of the Bangladesh adolescent health and wellbeing survey. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:235-244. [PMID: 36930396 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mental health disorders are responsible for 125.3 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost globally, with depression in adolescents rising faster than in adults. In total, more than 90% of the 1.2 billion adolescents in the world live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the rise in teenage marriage and pregnancy in LMICs, there is a paucity of research on the role of pregnancy as a risk factor for adolescent mental health, and the role of spousal connectedness as a potential protective factor. This study aims to address this gap. A total of 2408 currently married adolescent (aged 15-19 years) women from the Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey 2019-2020 were analysed. Multivariable models were used to assess the factors associated with depression symptoms and major depressive disorder (MDD). The prevalence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms or MDD among adolescents was 14.6%, well ahead of south Asian levels. The odds of having moderate/severe depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-2.76) or MDD (AOR=1.63, 95%CI 1.18-2.25) were higher in pregnant adolescent women than in non-pregnant adolescent women. A closer relationship with one's husband reduced the risk of developing moderate/severe depressive symptoms (AOR=0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.96) or MDD (AOR=0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.97). Pregnancy and connectedness had no statistically significant interaction effect on depression. There is an urgent need for affordable and scalable interventions to reduce the risk of mental health morbidity in pregnant adolescent women especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rahman Khan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Olav Muurlink
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nan Hu
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nabil Awan
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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He J, Chen A, Zou M, Young CA, Jin L, Zheng D, Jin G, Congdon N. Time trends and heterogeneity in the disease burden of trachoma, 1990-2019: a global analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:337-341. [PMID: 34593412 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the epidemiological trends and associated risk factors of disease burden due to trachoma. METHODS Data for the country-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) number, rate and age-standardised rate of trachoma together with related data of other common eye diseases were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), Human Development Index (HDI), inequality-adjusted HDI and other related indices were obtained from published data or publicly available databases. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between potential risk factors and the age-standardised DALY burden of trachoma. RESULTS The global DALY burden due to trachoma decreased by 37% from 1990 to 2019 and decreased by 69.8% after adjusting for age and population growth, and, in available 1990-2019 data, had the greatest reduction in attributable DALYs of all common eye disease, with the others analysed being cataract, glaucoma, refractive disorders and age-related macular degeneration. Women had higher age-standardised DALY burden due to trachoma than men (p<0.001). The African region (p<0.001) had the heaviest burden among global regions. The age-standardised DALY rate was higher in countries with lower income (p<0.001) and lower SDI (p<0.001). Higher disease burden due to trachoma was associated with lower HDI (β=-48.102, 95% CI -86.888 to -9.316, p=0.016), lower SDI (β=-48.063, 95% CI -83.702 to -12.423, p<0.001) and lower expected years of schooling (β=-2.352, 95% CI -3.756 to -0.948, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The global disease burden due to trachoma decreased from 1990 to 2019 and it had the greatest reduction compared with other common eye diseases. Lower HDI, socioeconomic status and educational level were related to a higher national disease burden of trachoma. Our findings could provide necessary information for trachoma control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat- sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Minjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlotte Aimee Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nathan Congdon
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Orbis International, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Dobrek L, Głowacka K. Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4772. [PMID: 36902200 PMCID: PMC10003400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as a result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss of interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient and significantly affects the ability to function and have a satisfying family, social and professional life. Depression requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy of depression is a long-term process associated with the risk of numerous adverse drug effects, much attention is paid to alternative therapy methods, including phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies and previous clinical studies confirm the antidepressant activity of active compounds in plants, such as St. John's wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm and lavender, or less known in European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree and magnolia bark. The active compounds in these plants exert antidepressive effects in similar mechanisms to those found in synthetic antidepressants. The description of phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake and monoamine oxidase activity and complex, agonistic or antagonistic effects on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the anti-inflammatory effect is also important to the antidepressant activity of the plants mentioned above in light of the hypothesis that immunological disorders of the CNS are a significant pathogenetic factor of depression. This narrative review results from a traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses the pathophysiology, symptomatology and treatment of depression, with a particular focus on the role of phytopharmacology in its treatment. It provides the mechanisms of action revealed in experimental studies of active ingredients isolated from herbal antidepressants and presents the results of selected clinical studies confirming their antidepressant effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Dobrek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Exploring the Lived Experience on Recovery from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among Women Survivors and Five CHIME Concepts: A Qualitative Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020151. [PMID: 36829380 PMCID: PMC9952474 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is estimated to be the leading cause of disease by 2030 and is already the leading cause in women worldwide. In Malaysia, nearly 2.3 million people have experienced depression at least once. Yet, this problem has not been thoroughly investigated and addressed. Thus, a study exploring the lived experience of the survivors needs to be carried out. With most Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients being women compared to men, this study focused on women MDD survivors to understand their journey to recovery. Survivors or also called 'People with Lived Experience' (PWLE) have a range of first-hand experiences with treatment and recovery, making them an expert by experience. METHOD A qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling of four women survivors. This method was able to explore the experience of informants rigorously as it gave flexibility and encouraged discussion between researchers and informants. The data from in-depth interviews conducted were then analyzed using thematic analysis, focusing on the key concepts of CHIME conceptual framework of recovery. RESULTS This study found four major themes with fifteen subordinate themes: survivor's efforts, challenges, social support, and hopes. The findings of this study were then integrated with CHIME framework, also known as the guiding philosophy of recovery for mental illness patients. CONCLUSION These findings contributed to a better understanding of the recovery process and supports needed for MDD patients to recover. In addition, this study also gives hopes that MDD patients can recover, therefore breaking the social stigma still prevalent in the community. Based on these first-hand experiences shared by the survivors, it is hoped that the present interventions conducted by related organizations and caregivers can yield improvements so that the current patients who are still struggling with MDD can recover faster holistically. Limitations and implications for future research have also been discussed.
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Obeid S, Azzi V, Hallit S. Validation and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 7 items (HAMD-7) among non-clinical and clinical samples of Lebanese adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285665. [PMID: 37200339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS or HAMD) is widely used scale for depression assessment. A shortened version of the HDRS, composed of 7 items, was implemented. The latter is timesaving compared to the original version, while still providing similar precision. Our objective in this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic HAMD-7 scale among non-clinical and clinical samples of Lebanese adults. METHODS In study 1, 443 Lebanese citizens enrolled in this cross-sectional study (June-September 2021). The total sample in study 1 was divided into two subsamples to conduct the exploratory-to-confirmatory factor analysis (EFA-to-CFA). Another cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2022 on another sample of Lebanese patients (independent from the sample of study 1) and included 150 patients attending two psychology clinics. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Lebanese Depression Scale (LDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Lebanese Anxiety Scale (LAS) were used to assess the validity of the HAMD-7 scale. RESULTS The results of the EFA (subsample 1; study 1) showed that the HAM-D-7 items converged into a one-factor solution (McDonald's ω = .78). The CFA (subsample 2; study 1) confirmed the one-factor solution obtained in the EFA (ω = .79). CFA indicated that fit of the one-factor model of the HAM-D-7 was acceptable: χ2/df = 27.88/14 = 1.99, RMSEA = .066 (90% CI = .028, .102), SRMR = .043, CFI = .960, TLI = .939. All indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender. The HAMD-7 scale score positively correlated with the MADRS (r = 0.809; p<0.001), LDS (r = 0.872; p<0.001), HAM-A (r = 0.645; p<0.001) and LAS (r = 0.651; p<0.001) scales scores. The optimal cutoff score between healthy individuals and depressive patients for the HAMD-7 was at a value = 5.50 (Se = 82.8% and Sp = 62.4%). The positive and negative predicted values for the HAMD-7 were 25.1% and 96.0%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.20 and 0.28 respectively. No significant difference was found between the non-clinical total sample (study 1) and the clinical sample (study 2) in terms of HAM-D-7 scores (5.24 ± 4.43 vs 4.54 ± 5.06; t(589) = 1.609; p = .108). CONCLUSION Psychometric properties of the Arabic HAMD-7 scale are satisfactory, warranting its use clinically and in research. This scale seems highly efficient for ruling out depression; however, those with positive scores need a referral to a mental health professional for deeper evaluation. HAMD-7 might be self-administered by non-clinical subjects. Future studies are recommended to additionally confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Dutta G, Rajendran N, Kumar T, Varthya SB, Rajendran V. Prevalence of Depression Among Undergraduate Medical Students in India: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e33590. [PMID: 36779123 PMCID: PMC9910033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews have proved that there is a high rate of depression among medical students when compared with their age-matched peers. Very few studies have evaluated the pooled prevalence of depression among medical students in India. OBJECTIVES To determine the pooled prevalence of depression among medical students in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was done by searching databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for available original articles published between 2019 and 2022 on depression among Indian medical (MBBS) undergraduate students using PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS A total of 19 original research articles were included in this review, involving students at different medical colleges from various regions of India. The pooled prevalence of depression among 5944 medical students was 50.0% (95% CI: (31%-70%)) based on the random effect model. This meta-analysis also found that the pooled prevalence of depression among females (pooled prevalence: 38.0%, 95% CI: 20.0 to 58.0) was slightly higher than among males (pooled prevalence: 34.0%, 95% CI: 15.0 to 55.0). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of depression among medical students demands regular screening for depression along with counselling services. It shows that there is a need to raise awareness among students and other stakeholders, such as parents and medical educators, concerning symptoms and signs of depression among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitashree Dutta
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Navin Rajendran
- Paediatrics, Dr. Sampurnanand (SN) Medical College, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Shoban B Varthya
- Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Vinoth Rajendran
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
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15
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Islam S, Islam T, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 levels are associated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276619. [PMID: 36409748 PMCID: PMC9678262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental health condition that results in several obstacles including disabilities, loss of productivity, and economic burdens on both patients and society. Etiopathogenesis of MDD involves several factors such as sociodemographic, genetic, and biological determinants. However, any suitable biomarkers for risk assessment of depression have not been established yet. Alterations of cytokine are assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology and severity of the depressive disorder. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin and interleukin-8 (IL-8) among MDD patients in Bangladesh. METHODS We recruited a total of 63 MDD patients and 94 age-sex matched healthy controls (HCs) in the present study. MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and HCs from surrounding parts of Dhaka city. A psychiatrist assessed all the study participants following the criteria mentioned in the DSM-5. We applied the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale to assess the depression severity. Serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels were determined using ELISA kits (BosterBio, USA). RESULTS The mean serum concentration of adiponectin was decreased (30.67±4.43 μg/mL vs. 53.81±5.37 μg/mL), and the IL-8 level was increased (160.93±14.84 pg/mL vs. 88.68±6.33 pg/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs. Sex-specific scatters plot graphs showed the distribution of adiponectin and IL-8 levels with Ham-D scores in MDD patients. Also, ROC curve analysis demonstrated good predictive performances of serum adiponectin and IL-8 for MDD with the area under the curve (AUC) as 0.895 and 0.806, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study findings suggest that alterations of serum adiponectin and IL-8 levels in MDD patients might be involved in the disease process. Therefore, we can use these changes of cytokines in serum levels as early risk assessment tools for depression. The present study findings should be considered preliminary. We propose further interventional studies to evaluate the exact role of adiponectin and IL-8 in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Towhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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16
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Li Z, Li W, Yan W, Zhang R, Xie S. Data-driven learning to identify biomarkers in bipolar disorder. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107112. [PMID: 36156436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the primary causes of disability globally and can be easily misdiagnosed as schizophrenia or major depression due to their similar symptoms. Hence, it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Statistical analysis is currently the most common method for exploring the neuropathological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. However, this method only considers the relationship between groups and does not reflect the individual-level diagnosis. Therefore, we developed machine learning algorithms to measure pathological brain changes in psychiatric disorders. METHODS An autoencoder and a feature selection method are proposed to identify the abnormal structural patterns of BD in this study. The autoencoder was constructed using structural imaging data from 1113 healthy controls, which aims to define the normal range of anatomical deviations to distinguish healthy individuals from BD patients. The biomarkers of BD were identified by the reconstruction errors in each brain region. The proposed feature selection (FS)-select framework aimed to determine the optimal FS method and identify the most reproducible feature associated with BD. RESULTS We found that the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus had the greatest difference between healthy controls and BD patients using a trained autoencoder. The most reproducible feature was the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus by FS-select framework when using the different cross-validation strategies. CONCLUSIONS A consistent result was obtained from the above two proposed methods wherein a significant difference between healthy controls and BD patients was identified in the left orbital region of the middle frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Li
- College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenmei Li
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Willmot RA, Sharp RA, Amir Kassim A, Parkinson JA. A scoping review of community-based mental health intervention for children and adolescents in South Asia. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 10:e1. [PMID: 36843878 PMCID: PMC9947630 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents in South Asia are exposed to significant mental health risks. Yet, policy to prevent or treat youth mental health problems in this context is underdeveloped, and services are difficult to access. Community-based mental health treatment may offer a potential solution, by increasing resource capacity in deprived settings. However, little is known about the current community-based mental health provision for South Asian youth. A scoping review was conducted across six scientific databases and hand searching of reference lists to identify relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were performed by three independent reviewers using predefined criteria, an adapted version of the template for intervention description and replication checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The search identified 19 relevant studies published from January 2000 to March 2020. Studies most frequently addressed PTSD and autism, were conducted in India and Sri Lanka, used education-based intervention and were based in urban school settings. Community-based mental health provision for the South Asian youth is in its infancy, but holds promise for providing essential resources to treat or prevent mental health disorder. New insights on approaches are discussed, which are valuable for South Asian settings, primarily task-shifting and stigma reduction, with implications for policy, practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A. Sharp
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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18
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Sheoran H, Srivastava P. Self-Reported Depression Is Associated With Aberration in Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Concept Coding. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814234. [PMID: 35814123 PMCID: PMC9267768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, alterations in mood, emotion dysregulation are just a few of the consequences of depression. Despite depression being reported as the most common mental disorder worldwide, examining depression or risks of depression is still challenging. Emotional reactivity has been observed to predict the risk of depression, but the results have been mixed for negative emotional reactivity (NER). To better understand the emotional response conflict, we asked our participants to describe their feeling in meaningful sentences alongside reporting their reactions to the emotionally evocative words. We presented a word on the screen and asked participants to perform two tasks, rate their feeling after reading the word using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) scale, and describe their feeling using the property generation task. The emotional content was analyzed using a novel machine-learning algorithm approach. We performed these two tasks in blocks and randomized their order across participants. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to categorize participants into self-reported non-depressed (ND) and depressed (D) groups. Compared to the ND, the D group reported reduced positive emotional reactivity when presented with extremely pleasant words regardless of their arousal levels. However, no significant difference was observed between the D and ND groups for negative emotional reactivity. In contrast, we observed increased sadness and inclination toward low negative context from descriptive content by the D compared to the ND group. The positive content analyses showed mixed results. The contrasting results between the emotional reactivity and emotional content analyses demand further examination between cohorts of self-reported depressive symptoms, no-symptoms, and MDD patients to better examine the risks of depression and help design early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Perception and Cognition Research Group, Cognitive Science Lab, Kohli Center on Intelligent Systems, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Wu Q, Feng J, Pan CW. Risk factors for depression in the elderly: An umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic reviews. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:37-45. [PMID: 35351490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been identified as one of the leading causes of the disease burden worldwide. Identification of the potential factors that increased or decreased the risk of depression could be important to provide prevention strategies. We aimed to conduct an umbrella review of risk factors for depression in the elderly and assessed the credibility of evidence of the association between each factor and depression. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science from 1990 to April 11, 2021 for articles investigating associations between potential factors and depression. For each association, we recalculated the summary effect size and 95% confidence intervals using random effects models. The 95% prediction interval and between-heterogeneity were also reported. For publication bias, small-study effect and excess of significance bias were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-five publications met the inclusion criteria, including twenty-two meta-analyses and three qualitative systematic reviews. Approximately 1,199,927 participants and 82 unique factors were reported. Two factors were rated as convincing evidence and four factors showed highly suggestive evidence. These risk factors were aspirin use, individuals aged 80 years and above, sleep disturbances and persistent sleep disturbances, hearing problem, poor vision, and cardiac disease. LIMITATIONS Most studies that we included were of low quality. CONCLUSIONS We found several risk factors for depression with different levels of evidence, in which aspirin use and individuals aged 80 years and above presented the strongest evidence. Further research is warranted to support other findings from this umbrella review using a large, well-designed cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Kunshan Mental Health Center, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Koly KN, Saba J, Muzaffar R, Modasser RB, M TH, Colon-Cabrera D, Warren N. Exploring the potential of delivering mental health care services using digital technologies in Bangladesh: A qualitative analysis. Internet Interv 2022; 29:100544. [PMID: 35615404 PMCID: PMC9125629 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bangladesh is a lower-middle-income country affected by a severe lack of mental health service availability due to a scarcity of mental health experts, limited mental health literacy, and community stigma. In other low and middle-income countries, the online provision of mental health care services has addressed issues affecting service availability, accessibility, mass awareness of services, and stigma. OBJECTIVE The current study sought to understand stakeholders' perceptions of the potential of digital media-based mental health care delivery in strengthening Bangladesh's mental health system. METHOD Online in-depth interviews were conducted with seven psychiatrists and eleven people with lived experiences of mental health issues. In addition, two online focus groups were conducted with ten psychologists and nine mental health entrepreneurs. A thematic analysis of the audio transcriptions was used to identify themes. RESULT Stakeholders perceived that the benefits of digital media-based mental health services included the potential of increasing the awareness, availability, and accessibility of mental health services. Participants recommended: the rehabilitation of existing pathways; the use of social media to raise awareness; and the implementation of strategies that integrate different digital-based services to strengthen the mental health system and foster positive mental health-seeking behaviors. CONCLUSION Growing mental health awareness, combined with the appropriate use of digital media as a platform for distributing information and offering mental services, can help to promote mental health care. To strengthen mental health services in Bangladesh, tailored services, increased network coverage, and training are required on digital mental health.
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Key Words
- Bangladesh
- CMD, Common Mental Health Disorders
- COREQ, Consolidated Reporting Criteria for Qualitative Studies
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- DALYs, Disability-Adjusted Life-Years
- Digital technology
- E-mental health
- FGD, Focus Group Discussions
- HIC, High Income Country
- Health system
- IDI, In-Depth Interviews
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- Internet
- KII, Key Informant Interviews
- LMIC, Low and Middle-Income Country
- MH, Mental Health
- Mental health
- PWLE, People with Lived Experiences of Mental Health Issues
- UHC, Universal Health Coverage
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh,Corresponding author at: Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Jobaida Saba
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rasma Muzaffar
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Rifath Binta Modasser
- School of Public Health, Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tasdik Hasan M
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Action Lab, Department of Human Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David Colon-Cabrera
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Narelle Warren
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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Bose R, Hamdani SU, Minhas FA, Herr KJ. A comparison of real-world effectiveness of vortioxetine along the treatment algorithm for major depressive disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:661-671. [PMID: 35049384 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of vortioxetine in major depressive disorder (MDD) when used as a first-line versus second-line treatment or later. METHODS This was a post-hoc analysis of three 3-month non-interventional, prospective studies of vortioxetine in MDD - REVIDA (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand), PREVIDA (Pakistan) and TREVIDA (Taiwan). Improvements in depressive symptoms (PHQ-9, CGI-S), cognitive function (PDQ-D) and work productivity (WPAI) were compared between studies, and in a pooled analysis of patients using vortioxetine as the first line versus second-line treatment or later. Safety was compared between studies. RESULTS Overall, 798 patients were analyzed (PREVIDA = 425, REVIDA = 130, TREVIDA = 243). Most patients in PREVIDA (60.5%)/REVIDA (57.4%) used vortioxetine as first-line treatment versus TREVIDA (21.8%). Generally, greater improvements from baseline were observed across outcome measures in PREVIDA/REVIDA versus TREVIDA (Month 3, p < .0001). Vortioxetine as first-line treatment was associated with greater improvements in depression severity, cognition, functioning outcomes compared to second-line or later users (PHQ-9: -16.1 [6.4] vs -10.8 [8.9]; CGI-S: -2.7 [1.1] vs -2.0 [1.4]; PDQ-D: -29.5 [17.7] vs -18.5 [21.4]; p < .0001 at Month 3) as well as greater response (PHQ-9: 88.6% vs 61.5%; p < .0001) and remission rates (PHQ-9: 75.4% vs 47.7%; p < .0001). No new adverse events were reported outside of the product label. CONCLUSIONS In the Asian real-world setting, vortioxetine showed greater improvements in depressive and cognitive symptoms, work functioning, and response and remission rates when used as first-line versus second-line treatment or later. Vortioxetine was well-tolerated irrespective of the study population across Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bose
- Lundbeck Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syed Usman Hamdani
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Aslam Minhas
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
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22
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Screening tools for common mental disorders in older adults in South Asia: a systematic scoping review. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:427-438. [PMID: 33413722 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Common mental disorders (CMDs), particularly depression, are major contributors to the global mental health burden. South Asia, while diverse, has cultural, social, and economic challenges, which are common across the region, not least an aging population. This creates an imperative to better understand how CMD affects older people in this context, which relies on valid and culturally appropriate screening and research tools. This review aims to scope the availability of CMD screening tools for older people in South Asia. As a secondary aim, this review will summarize the use of these tools in epidemiology, and the extent to which they have been validated or adapted for this population. DESIGN A scoping review was performed, following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed iteratively in Medline and translated to Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted from papers in which a tool was used to identify CMD in a South Asian older population (50+), including validation, adaptation, and use in epidemiology. Validation studies meeting the criteria were critically appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies - version 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. RESULTS Of the 4694 papers identified, 176 met the selection criteria at full-text screening as relevant examples of diagnostic or screening tool use. There were 15 tool validation studies, which were critically appraised. Of these, 10 were appropriate to evaluate as diagnostic tests. All of these tools assessed for depression. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-based tools were predominant with variable diagnostic accuracy across different settings. Methodological issues were substantial based on the QUADAS-2 criteria. In the epidemiological studies identified (n = 160), depression alone was assessed for 82% of the studies. Tools lacking cultural validation were commonly used (43%). CONCLUSIONS This review identifies a number of current research gaps including a need for culturally relevant validation studies, and attention to other CMDs such as anxiety.
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Liu XG, Li Y, Xiong F, Li WT, Liu LZ, John S S. The relationship between father absence and hostility among Chinese depressed youths: A serial mediation model and the role of self-esteem and frustration tolerance. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:711241. [PMID: 36776682 PMCID: PMC9909746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.711241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the association between father absence and youth hostility has been well-documented among depressed youths, there is a lack of research on the potential mechanism underlying such an association. This study aimed to test a serial mediation model of self-esteem and frustration tolerance on the link between father absence and youth hostility. METHODS A total of 137 Chinese youths with major depressive disorder were recruited from Wuhan Mental Health Center. They completed a survey including the Father Absence Questionnaire to measure father absence, the Chinese Hostility Inventory (CHI) to measure hostility, the Psychological Endurance Questionnaire to measure frustration tolerance, and the Self-esteem Scale (SES) to measure self-esteem. A series of multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the associations among father absence, self-esteem, frustration tolerance, and hostility. RESULTS Although father absence was modestly associated with hostility (r = 0.30, p < 0.001), subsequent serial mediation analysis showed that father absence was not directly related to hostility (β = 0.06, p = 0.29) when self-esteem and frustration tolerance were included in the model. High levels of father absence had an adverse effect on levels of self-esteem, which decreased levels of frustration tolerance, and thus higher levels of hostility among depressed youths. The indirect effects of father absence on hostility through self-esteem, frustration tolerance, as well as through self-esteem and frustration tolerance serially accounted for 28%, 24%, and 24% of the total effect, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study tested a serial mediation model of self-esteem and frustration tolerance as mediators between father absence and hostility among depressed youths. The findings strengthened our understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the association between self-esteem and frustration tolerance, which may provide useful guidance for future intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ge Liu
- Research Center for Psychological Sciences and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Student Affairs Management, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Moral Education and Art Department of Henan Vocational College of Geology and Mineral Resources, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Research Center for Psychological Sciences and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Tian Li
- Research Center for Psychological Sciences and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian-Zhong Liu
- Research Center for Psychological Sciences and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sullivan John S
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Kamran S, Khan Z, Saqlain M, Nazar Z, Khan M, Ali Z, Rashid H, Shah KU, Karatas Y, Rahman NU. Prescription analysis and cost of antidepressant drugs in major depressive disorder outpatients at the tertiary care hospital of Pakistan: a prospective approach. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021; 22:845-851. [PMID: 34927501 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2022.2021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess prescribing care indicators, utilization pattern, cost per prescription, cost ratios, and percent cost variation of antidepressants (ADs). METHOD A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan among major depressive disorder (MDD) outpatients from July 2019 to February 2020. The ideal standards for World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing care indicators were used. The ePharma Guide was used to calculate the cost in Pakistani rupees (Rs) and United States dollar (USD) 2021 (exchange rate: 1 USD = 154.43 Rs). RESULTS A total of 296 MDD patients received 846 drugs (average 2.86; range:1-8), of which 366 were ADs (average number ADs/prescription; 1.23). About 23% (n = 68) of patients received more than one AD. Only 21 (5.7%) generic ADs were prescribed, and 346 (94.5%) ADs were prescribed from the hospital formulary list. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most prescribed ADs (67.5%). The average cost of ADs per prescription per month was 700.95 Rs (4.54 USD). Escitalopram (5.69 Rs; 0.04 USD) showed highest cost ratio and maximum percentage cost variation (468.97%). CONCLUSION This study observed low generic prescribing, a higher prescribing trend of SSRI, wide differences in cost ratio and percentage cost variation among ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zakir Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Zahid Nazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yusuf Karatas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.,Pharmacovigilance Specialist, Faculty of Medicine, Balcali Hospital, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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25
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Wang C, Feng L, Qi Y. Explainable deep learning predictions for illness risk of mental disorders in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111740. [PMID: 34329635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with a range of mental health conditions. However, little is known about local explanations and global understanding on the importance and effect of input features in the complex system of environmental stressors - mental disorders (MDs), especially for exposure to air pollution mixture. In this study, we combined deep learning neural networks (DLNNs) with SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) to predict the illness risk of MDs on the population level, and then provided explanations for risk factors. The modeling system, which was trained on day-by-day hospital outpatient visits of two major hospitals in Nanjing, China from 2013/07/01 through 2019/02/28, visualized the time-varying prediction, contributing factors, and interaction effects of informative features. Our results suggested that NO2, SO2, and CO made outstanding contributions in magnitude of feature attributions under circumstances of mixed air pollutants. In particular, NO2 at high concentration level was associated with an increase in illness risk of MDs, and the maximum and mean absolute SHAP value were approximated to 10 and 2 as a local and global measure of feature importance, respectively. It presented a marginally antagonistic effect for two pairs of gaseous pollutants, i.e., NO2 vs. SO2 and CO vs. NO2. In contrast, CO and SO2 displayed the opposite direction of feature effects to the rise of observed concentrations, but an apparent synergistic effect was obviously captured. The primary risk factors driving a sharp increase in acute attack or exacerbation of MDs were also identified by depicting prediction paths of time-series samples. We believe that the significance of coupling accurate predictions from DLNNs with interpretable explanations of why a prediction is completed has broad applicability throughout the field of environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
| | - Lan Feng
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of Electromechanical Product Packaging, College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
| | - Yi Qi
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankoulu Road, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
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26
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Sultana S, Zaman S, Chowdhury AA, Hasan I, Haque MI, Hossain MK, Ahmed KR, Chakraborty PA, Hossain Hawlader MD. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A multi stage sampling-based study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07493. [PMID: 34401554 PMCID: PMC8353297 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motherhood is associated with extra stress, and mothers of young children are particularly prone to developing depression and mental health problems. Methodology This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, from June to December 2019. Mothers of school-going children were recruited through a multistage sampling technique. Dhaka city was divided into two divisions and then further subdivided into public and private sectors. Six schools were selected from each sector by using a simple random sampling technique. A list of class five to eight students were collected from each school by systematic random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The rate of depressive symptoms was measured by the validated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Result A total of 324 women participated in this study; the majority of the women (85.5%) were Muslim, 67.0% were housewives, and 53.1% had a girl child. Among the women, 15.4% had mild, 22.2% had moderate, and 20.1% had severe depression. Most of the child's behavioral and lifestyle factors were associated with the mother's depression. Adjusted analyses indicate that if a child is often unhappy, depressed, or tearful [(OR (95%CI = 22.27 (8.39-59.11)], gets nervous in new situations or easily loses confidence [(OR (95%CI) = 5.45 (2.96-10.00)], often lies or cheats [(OR (95%CI) = 8.93 (3.76-21.22)], gets afraid easily [(OR (95%CI) = 7.09 (3.79-13.24)], watches television for 3 h or more [(OR (95%CI) = 23.77 (6.46-87.48)] browses the internet for 3 h or more [(OR (95%CI = 7.37 (2.76-19.67)] were associated with mother's depression. Conclusion The study concludes that depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh is high. Several lifestyles and behavioral factors of school-going children are significantly associated with the mothers' depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjana Zaman
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University (NSU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imdadul Haque
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hossain
- Department of General Education, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rumana Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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27
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Hossain A, Alam MJ, Haque MR. Effects of riverbank erosion on mental health of the affected people in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254782. [PMID: 34292997 PMCID: PMC8297774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Bangladesh, riverbank erosion is a major problem that regularly displaces millions of people and affects their mental health every year. Objectives The primary objective is to explore the effects of riverbank erosion on mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a household survey from August 2019 to November 2019 on randomly selected adult respondents from Rajbari District located along the Ganges River and Tangail District located along the Brahmaputra River. The respondents were divided into two groups: exposed and non-exposed to riverbank erosion. All participants were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and other socio-demographic, economic and riverbanks erosion-related factors. We performed Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the significant risk factors (P<0.05) of mental illness (depression, anxiety and stress). Results We surveyed 611 households, of whom 410 were from Rajbari and 201 were from Tangail. Among 611 respondents, 509 (83.31%) were exposed by riverbank erosion whereas 102 (16.69%) were non-exposed. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) was 38.30%, 76.60%, 32.41%, respectively, and they were significantly higher among the exposed group than the non-exposed group (depression: 45.19% versus 3.92%, P<0.001; anxiety: 82.71% versus 46.08%, P<0.001; stress: 38.11% versus 3.92%, P<0.001). The respondents exposed to river erosion were respectively 8.28, 2.26 and 5.09 times more likely to develop DAS disorder compared to their non-exposed counterparts (ORD = 8.28, 95% CI = 2.75–24.89; ORA = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.31–3.88; ORS = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.64–15.76). Females and those who lost their houses and displaced, were more likely to have DAS disorder compared to their respective counterparts. Conclusions The exposed people were more likely to experience mental health problem and demand some social safety net programs with special focus on female and those who lost houses and displaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Haque
- Department of Statistics, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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28
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Turana Y, Tengkawan J, Chia YC, Shin J, Chen C, Park S, Tsoi K, Buranakitjaroen P, Soenarta AA, Siddique S, Cheng H, Tay JC, Teo BW, Wang T, Kario K. Mental health problems and hypertension in the elderly: Review from the HOPE Asia Network. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:504-512. [PMID: 33283971 PMCID: PMC8029564 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The "triple burden" of aging population, hypertension, and mental health problems making elderly in Asia is more vulnerable. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between mental health and hypertension, which results in lower quality of life, lower rate of treatment adherence, and higher mortality among elderly individuals. It is essential to overcome known barriers and care for the elderly with high-risk factors in order to address these burdens. This review revealed that elderly with hypertension were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety. Therefore, debunking myths, creating awareness regarding mental health, and increasing access to mental health resources through holistic community-based programs would greatly reduce such problems and optimize the chances of success in controlling hypertension-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Jeslyn Tengkawan
- School of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Yook C. Chia
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Healthcare and Medical SciencesSunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
- Department of Primary Care MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala, LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jinho Shin
- Faculty of Cardiology ServiceHanyang University Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Chen‐Huan Chen
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research CenterNational Yang‐Ming University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of CardiologyCardiovascular HospitalYonsei Health SystemSeoulKorea
| | - Kelvin Tsoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Peera Buranakitjaroen
- Division of HypertensionDepartment of MedicineFaculty of Medicine Siriraj HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Arieska A. Soenarta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Indonesia‐National Cardiovascular CenterJakartaIndonesia
| | | | - Hao‐Min Cheng
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Evidence‐Based MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Public HealthNational Yang‐Ming University School of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jam C. Tay
- Department of General MedicineTan Tock Seng HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon W. Teo
- Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineSingaporeSingapore
| | - Tzung‐Dau Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineJichi Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
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29
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Goldin D. Concepts in Psychodermatology: An Overview for Primary Care Providers. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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The ASHA (Hope) Project: Testing an Integrated Depression Treatment and Economic Strengthening Intervention in Rural Bangladesh: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010279. [PMID: 33401489 PMCID: PMC7796166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression, a debilitating disorder, is highly prevalent among low-income women in low- and middle-income countries. Standard psychotherapeutic approaches may be helpful, but low treatment uptake, low retention, and transient treatment effects reduce the benefit of therapy. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness and feasibility of an integrated depression treatment/economic strengthening intervention. The study took place in two villages in the Sirajganj district in rural Bangladesh. Forty-eight low-income women with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10) were recruited and randomized to intervention or control arms. The intervention included a six-month group-based, fortnightly depression management and financial literacy intervention, which was followed by a cash-transfer of $186 (equivalent to the cost of two goats) at 12 months' follow-up. The cash transfer could be used to purchase a productive asset (e.g., agricultural animals). The control arm received no intervention. Findings showed significant reduction in depression scores in the intervention group. The mean PHQ-9 score decreased from 14.5 to 5.5 (B ± SE, -9.2 ± 0.8 95% CI -10.9, -7.5, p < 0.01) compared to no change in the control group. Most other psycho-social outcomes, including tension, self-esteem, hope, social-support, and participation in household economic decision-making, also improved with intervention. An integrated depression treatment and financial empowerment intervention was found to be highly effective among rural low-income women with depression. Next steps involve formal testing of the model in a larger trial.
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Hu Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Xu Y, Tian M, Jiang N, Guo N. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:820782. [PMID: 35095623 PMCID: PMC8793741 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.820782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have focused on depressive symptoms among patients with chronic low back pain in China. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: From May to August 2021, 1,172 patients with chronic low back pain were recruited in China. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the Patient Health Questionnaire. Associations of demographic characteristics, clinical characters and social-psychological factors with depressive symptoms were investigated among patients with chronic low back pain. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 25.00%. Logistic regression analysis found that duration of pain in 1-5 years (1-3 years: OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.65-5.14, 3-5 years: OR = 3.09, 95%CI: 1.55-6.15) and more severe pain (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.10-1.17) were associated with higher risks of depressive symptoms. Better family function (good family function: OR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.15-0.41, moderate family dysfunction: OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.29-0.77) and higher pain self-efficacy (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.93-0.95) were associated with lower risks of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Patients with chronic low back pain have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in China. Duration of pain, pain severity, family function and pain self-efficacy were predictors of depressive symptoms among chronic low back pain patients in China. Early identification of the associated factors may be helpful for the timely management of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zechuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Tian
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningfeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Khan Z, Cheong YF, Miedema SS, Naved RT, Yount KM. Women's experiences of economic coercion and depressive symptoms in Matlab, Bangladesh. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100641. [PMID: 33304983 PMCID: PMC7714676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies of the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depressive symptoms have typically excluded economic coercion (EC), a prevalent form of IPV worldwide. Here, we used structural equation models (SEM) to estimate the association of EC with depressive symptoms, with and without adjustment for physical/psychological/sexual IPV, among women in rural Matlab, Bangladesh. Data were collected from cross-sectional surveys with married women 15-49 years, conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. Prior-week depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression short-form. Lifetime EC was assessed using a bi-dimensional, 36-item scale developed in Matlab. Lifetime physical/sexual/psychological IPV was assessed using the 20-item WHO Domestic Violence module. Covariates were age, age at marriage, and schooling; partner's schooling; and household wealth. Among 929 women, lifetime experience of EC ranged from 41.9% (control over access to work, schooling, and training) to 50.0% (control over use/maintenance of economic resources), while any lifetime physical/psychological/sexual IPV was 89.5%. Coercion involving the use and maintenance of economic resources had a significant, adjusted association with depressive symptoms (standardized coefficient = 0.491, p<0.001, R2=0.221). The standardized association of any physical/psychological/sexual IPV with depressive symptoms, adjusted for covariates and cluster sampling, was 0.346 (p <0.001, R2=0.143). When further adjusted for the two measures of EC, the association was attenuated and non-significant (0.049, p = 0.817). These findings suggest that EC is prevalent, significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and attenuates the association of other forms of IPV with depressive symptoms. Addressing EC with other forms of IPV may be necessary to reduce depressive symptoms in exposed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Khan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuk F Cheong
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Suite 270, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie S Miedema
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Drive, Tarbutton Hall Room 225, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
| | - Ruchira T Naved
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kathryn M Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Drive, Tarbutton Hall Room 225, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
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Axinn WG, Zhang Y, Ghimire DJ, Chardoul SA, Scott KM, Bruffaerts R. The association between marital transitions and the onset of major depressive disorder in a south asian general population. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:165-172. [PMID: 32056872 PMCID: PMC7103558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marriage in general is associated with better mental health in high-income industrialized countries, but it is unknown to what extent this is also the case in South Asia. METHODS The Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) in Nepal is a 24-year family panel study with a recent representative survey to investigate the association between sociodemographic changes and mental health (N = 10,516). We investigated timing of marital transitions and timing of onset of MDD in both male and female respondents, controlling for key confounders. RESULTS In this setting the transition to marriage is associated with increased odds of subsequent MDD first onset (median OR=2.28). For female respondents, divorce (OR=2.68), early widowed (OR=11.25), and even getting married significantly increased the odds of subsequent MDD onset (OR=3.03). For male respondents, only becoming widowed increased the odds of subsequent MDD (OR=16.32), but marriage did not reduce the odds of MDD. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the study include large-scale protocol that may have resulted in underreporting of MDD and the exclusion of sub-threshold cases that may otherwise have qualified as a case in a clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS In the Nepalese general population, marital transitions increase the odds of subsequent depression, especially among the female population. Results provide basic but essential vital health data that can guide clinicians to proactively plan sustainable healthcare both within South Asia and among many South Asians living in other places.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Axinn
- Corresponding author: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2321, U.S.A., Office: 734-763-8649;
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum KU Leuven, Belgium
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Shao X, Zhu G. Associations Among Monoamine Neurotransmitter Pathways, Personality Traits, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32477180 PMCID: PMC7237722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches to identify specific risk factors and establish more efficacious treatment strategies. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of MDD are not clear until these days, it is acknowledged that they are almost certainly multifactorial and comprehensive. Monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction and specific personality traits are independent risk factors for depression and suicide. These factors also demonstrate complex interactions that influence MDD pathogenesis and symptom expression. In this review, we assess these relationships with the aim of providing a reference for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang Y, Jin G, Fan M, Lin Y, Wen X, Li Z, Zeng P, Zheng D, Lan Y. Time trends and heterogeneity in the disease burden of glaucoma, 1990-2017: a global analysis. J Glob Health 2019; 9:020436. [PMID: 31788231 PMCID: PMC6875680 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the disease burden of glaucoma in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and assess the contribution of risk factors to DALY due to glaucoma. Methods Global, regional, and country DALY number, rate, and age-standardized rates of glaucoma were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database. The Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality-Adjusted HDI, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and other country-level data were derived from international open databases. Regression analysis was used to assess the correlations between the age-standardized DALY rate and the variables. Results The global DALY due to glaucoma increased by 81% from 1990 to 2017 and decreased by 10% over the last two decades after adjusting for age and population size. Males had higher age-standardized DALY rates (P < 0.001). The age-standardized DALY rate was higher in countries with lower income or lower SDI (P < 0.001). The country-level age-standardized DALY rates in 2017 were negatively associated with HDI, SDI, country-level age-standardized prevalence rates of cataracts, cataract surgery rates (CRS), physician rates, and Inequality-Adjusted HDI. Stepwise multiple regressions showed that HDI, CRS, and Inequality-Adjusted HDI were significantly negatively associated with the country-level age-standardized DALY rate in 2017 after adjusting for other confounding factors (P < 0.001). Conclusions Higher education, higher CRS, and diminishing the inequality in resource distribution may help reduce the disease burden of glaucoma. These findings can provide information for policymakers and could serve as an impetus for efforts toward alleviating the disease burden of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Min Fan
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint equal contributions
| | - Yuqing Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kamran S, Saqlain M, Khan Z, Mahmood S, Ali H, Ahmad N, Shah KU. Cost analysis of registered brands of oral antidepressant drugs in Pakistan: a descriptive analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2019; 20:473-479. [PMID: 31498710 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1666001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Depression is a global public health threat, and its treatment constitutes drugs in psychopharmacology, a domain that is rapidly growing with the addition of newer agents in market that are of high cost. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the number of registered brands and price variation of oral antidepressants in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out to analyze the cost of oral antidepressants in Pakistan. Pharma guide 2019 was used to derive the cost of antidepressants marketed in Pakistan. The details about the number of registered brands and maximum and minimum prices of antidepressant drugs were calculated. Results: Sixteen drugs in 38 formulations were registered in 607 brands in Pakistan. Variations among 38 different formulations range from 0% to 746.39%. Out of these 38 formulations, 31 had variations below 200%, while 7 formulations had price variation above 200%. The highest price (746.39%) variation was observed for citalopram 20 mg (price per tablet PKR 6.79 to PKR 57.47) and no (0%) price variation was for bupropion 75 mg (price per tablet PKR 10). Conclusion: The study revealed wide variations in the number of registered brands and prices of oral tablets of antidepressants in Pakistan. The government needs to devise effective strategies to implement established policies to ensure uniformity in price, quality, and effectiveness with the ultimate goal to reduce treatment cost. Also, measures should be taken to inform prescribers about cost variation of drugs as prerequisite for cost-effective treatments to ultimately reduce treatment cost and financial burden and improve patient's adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Kamran
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan.,Institute of Biomedical & Genetic engineering, 24-Mauve area, Islamabad
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan.,Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology (Pharmacovigilance), Cukurova University , Adana, Turkey
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic engineering, 24-Mauve area, Islamabad
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The antidepressant effects of apigenin are associated with the promotion of autophagy via the mTOR/AMPK/ULK1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2867-2874. [PMID: 31322238 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether apigenin elicits antidepressant effects in depressant‑like mice via the regulation of autophagy. The depressant‑like behaviors were established in a chronic restraint stress model. Male BALB/c mice were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h/day for a period of 21 days, and deficits in sucrose preference, tail suspension and forced swim tests were confirmed to be improved following oral apigenin. To investigate the underlining mechanisms, the hippocampal levels of p62 and microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3‑II/I (LC3‑II/I) were measured using western blot analysis. The expression levels of LC3‑II/I and p62 indicated that the significantly inhibited autophagy level induced by chronic restraint stress can be increased following apigenin treatment. Similar to the level of autophagy, the expression levels of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Unc‑51 like autophagy activating kinase‑1 were downregulated after chronic restraint stress stimulation and, subsequently upregulated following treatment with apigenin. Conversely, the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were increased in chronic restraint stress mice and inhibited by apigenin. Collectively, the present findings indicated that apigenin potentially promotes autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway and induces antidepressive effects in chronic restraint stress mice.
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Russell S, Viswanathan SA, Shankar S, Mammen PM, Russell PSS. The clinical usefulness of three depression screens for adolescents in India: A need in primary-care settings. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1748-1751. [PMID: 31198748 PMCID: PMC6559099 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_152_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescent Depression (AD) although is widely prevalent and is a prioritized disorder, it is under-diagnosed and under reported in primary-care. We document the post-test probability of three measures and select the best measure for identifying AD in primary-care settings in India based on the clinical utility. Materials and Methods: Three measures have been validated in India for AD and thus can be further evaluated for primary-care use; we calculated the positive (+PTP) and negative (-PTP) post-test probability from the prevalence of AD in India for Beck Depression Inventory-21 item version (BDI-21), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item version (PHQ-9), and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised version (CDRS-R) using the Bayes theorem. The usefulness of the measure was defined a priori based on the odds ratio (OR) of +PTP (OR > 3) and −PTP (OR < 0.1). Results: The +PTP and −PTP for BDI-21 was 43% (95%CI = 40, 45%; OR = 0.7) and 25% (95%CI = 13, 43%; OR = 0.3) respectively. Similarly, the +PTP and − PTP for PHQ-9 was 74% (95%CI = 66, 81%; OR = 2.9) and 10% (95%CI = 6, 17%; OR = 0.1). Finally, +PTP and − PTP for CDRS-R was 78% (95%CI = 69, 84%; OR = 3.5) and 12% (95%CI = 7, 18%; OR = 0.1). Only CDRS-R achieved the useful decided a priori as can be seen in the Fagan's Nomograms. Conclusion: This research provides the evidence base for selecting CDRS-R as the screening measure, for Adolescent Depression, for clinical use in Primary-care settings in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shonima A Viswanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SatyaRaj Shankar
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya M Mammen
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul S S Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ogbo FA, Okoro A, Olusanya BO, Olusanya J, Ifegwu IK, Awosemo AO, Ogeleka P, Page A. Diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria: findings from the global burden of disease study 2016. Int Breastfeed J 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30647767 PMCID: PMC6327380 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-019-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Nigeria, diarrhoea contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality, with suboptimal breastfeeding practices playing a key role. The present study aimed to report on diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among children aged under five years attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Nigeria. Methods This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016, which estimated mortality from diarrhoea in the Cause of Death Ensemble model. Suboptimal breastfeeding was assessed as a combination of non-exclusive breastfeeding and discontinued breastfeeding. The comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the attributable burden of diarrhoea deaths and DALYs due to suboptimal breastfeeding practices in the spatial-temporal Gaussian Process Regression tool. Results In 2016, suboptimal breastfeeding practices accounted for an estimated 56.5% (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 47.5, 68.3) of diarrhoea deaths in the late neonatal period, 39.0% (31.0, 46.3) in post-neonatal period, 39.0% (31.3, 46.20) in infancy period and 22.8% (16.9, 29.9) in children aged under five years in Nigeria. In the same year, 22,371 (14,259, 32,746) total diarrhoea deaths in children under five years could be attributed to suboptimal breastfeeding practices. DALYs from diarrhoea attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices was 1.9 million (1.2, 2.8 million) among children under five years in 2016. Between 1990 and 2016, the proportion of children who died from diarrhoea due to suboptimal breastfeeding did not change substantially across all age groups in Nigeria. Conclusions Suboptimal breastfeeding practices remain a significant contributor to diarrhoea mortality and disability among children under five years in Nigeria. The study builds on previously published works on breastfeeding practices in Nigeria and provides evidence to support calls for the scale-up of efforts to improve infant feeding outcomes and reduce diarrhoea burden in Nigeria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13006-019-0198-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- 1Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW Australia.,Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
| | - Anselm Okoro
- Independent Public Health Consultant, 4 Joy Street Cooperative City Gardens, Sabon Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bolajoko O Olusanya
- 4Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, 286A Corporation Drive, Dolphin Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Olusanya
- 4Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, 286A Corporation Drive, Dolphin Estate, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifegwu K Ifegwu
- Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
| | - Akorede O Awosemo
- Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
| | - Pascal Ogeleka
- Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
| | - Andrew Page
- 1Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW Australia
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