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Babajani F, Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Abdoli N, Mosafer H, Heidarian P, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of suicide attempts across the African continent: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103878. [PMID: 38142521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 700,000 people worldwide lose their lives through suicide every year. The prevalence of suicide has increased, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as many African countries. For every fatal suicidal attempt, there are approximately 20 other non-fatal suicide attempts within the population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of attempts of suicides in the African continent through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS To identify relevant sources, the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar repositories and databases were systematically searched without a lower time limit and until July 2023. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked with the I2 index, and accordingly random effects model was adopted to perform the analysis. Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (v.2). RESULTS In the review of 48 studies with a sample size of 244,701 people, the prevalence of suicide attempts in Africa was found to be 9.9% (95%CI: 8.5%-11.6%). With the increase in the year of study, the prevalence of suicide attempt in the African continent increases. Also, with the increase in the sample size, the prevalence of suicide attempts in Africa decreases. The suicide attempt prevalence among African men and woman slightly differed with 7.6% and 8.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Suicide attempt is an important public health concern in Africa. The findings of this study are important not only for African health policy making, but also to contribute to the accuracy of global estimates with respect to suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Babajani
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Nasrin Abdoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadis Mosafer
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pegah Heidarian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Asante KO, Atorkey P. Cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of prevalence and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:778. [PMID: 37875858 PMCID: PMC10599041 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global evidence indicates that early onset of illicit substance use among adolescents and emerging adults is associated with negative mental-health related-outcomes that can persist into adulthood. However, the lack of quality regional data on adolescent illicit substance use and its determinants remains a common barrier to evidence-based policy-making and the development of school-based interventions in Africa. The purpose of our study was to estimate the prevalence and describe the correlates of cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in eight sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) - Benin, Ghana, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and Tanzania. METHODS We analysed 15,553 school-going adolescents that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey. A two-stage sampling approach was used to generate a nationally representative sample of school children (grades 7-12) in each of these countries. Students responded to a self-administered structured questionnaire that contained information on sociodemographic factors, family involvement factors, mental health factors, school environment factors and past-month cannabis and life-time amphetamine use. RESULTS The overall prevalence estimates of past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in the eight SSA countries was 4.39% (95% CI = 4.08, 4.72) and 3.05% (95% CI = 2.79, 3.34) respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, demographic characteristics (age and male gender), mental health factors (suicide ideation and attempt), lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, past-month alcohol use, lifetime drunkenness and leisure-time sedentary behaviour) and school level factors (truancy and bullying victimisation) showed strong associations with increased odds of both past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use. Social support at school was associated with increased odds for lifetime amphetamine, while parental monitoring decreases the odds for lifetime amphetamine use. It was also observed that parental tobacco use was associated with increased odds of both past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use. CONCLUSION The relatively low overall prevalence estimates of past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in not surprising. However, the identified risk and protective factors associated with cannabis and amphetamine use underscores the need for these eight countries in SSA to develop contextual and multi-sectoral intervention and school-based prevention programmes that could target school-going adolescents who may be at risk of misusing these illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Prince Atorkey
- Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Diallo I, Aldridge LR, Bass J, Adams LB, Spira AP. Factors Associated With Suicide in Four West African Countries Among Adolescent Students: An Analysis Using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:494-502. [PMID: 37330706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, with the highest burden of suicide occurring in Africa. Despite this, little is known about the epidemiology of suicide among adolescents in West Africa. In this study, we explore suicidality among West African adolescents. METHODS Using pooled data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey in four West African countries (Ghana, Benin, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), we investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and examined associations with 15 covariates using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 18.6% of adolescents in the pooled sample (N = 9,726) had considered suicide, while 24.7% reported attempting suicide. Significant correlates of suicide attempt included older age (16+ years; odds ratio [OR]: 1.70, confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.63), difficulty sleeping due to worry (OR: 1.27, CI: 1.04-1.56), loneliness (OR: 1.65, CI: 1.39-1.96), truancy (OR: 1.38. CI: 1.05-1.82), being a target of bullying (OR: 1.53, CI: 1.26-1.85), getting physically attacked (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.42-2.11), physical fighting (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.21-1.79), current cigarette use (OR: 2.71, CI: 1.88-3.89), and initiation of drug use (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.71-2.81). Conversely, having close friends was associated with lower odds of suicide attempt (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.48-0.93). Several covariates were also significantly associated with suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION Suicidal ideation and attempts are highly prevalent among school-going adolescents in these West African countries. Multiple modifiable risk and protective factors were identified. Programs, interventions, and policies aimed at addressing these factors may play a significant role in preventing suicides in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiatou Diallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Luke R Aldridge
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judith Bass
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie B Adams
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kassa MA, Srahbzu M, Nakie G, Mekuria K, Feleke SF, Tesfa NA, Getnet B. Suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2022. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37259028 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and attempts usually occur during adolescence time, and living in war- affected area make the problem more predominate and severe. To the best of our knowledge, there were no studies done among high school students who live in war affected areas in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among high school students of war- affected area at Woldia town, Northeast, Ethiopia. METHODS School based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 23 to June 08, 2022.Data were collected from high school students in Woldia town, Ethiopia. Pretested, self-administered Amharic-language questionnaire was used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt. RESULTS A total of 668 of the 707 sampled students participated in the study (94.5% response rate). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among high school students in Woldia town was 16.29% and 12.87%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, poor social support(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI:1.49, 5.46), posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI:1.20, 3.85), family history of suicide(AOR = 3.94, 95% CI:2.21, 7.04), anxiety(AOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.72, 6.89), and depression (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI:1.24, 4.33) were factors significantly associated with suicide ideation, and poor social support(AOR = 2.75, 95% CI:1.38, 5.47), depression (AOR = 4.27, 95% CI:2.10, 8.67) and being a female sex (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.22, 3.69) were factors significantly associated with suicidal attempt. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study revealed that at least one in six and one in eight of the students had suicidal ideation and attempt, respectively. Therefore, we recommend that Ministry of Education shall work with Ministry of Health to extend and implement mental health services in high schools and provide social support to those students who need the services in order for the prevention of suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulat Awoke Kassa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Mengesha Srahbzu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Mekuria
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P. O. Box: 400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sefineh Fenta Feleke
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Natnael Amare Tesfa
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanie Getnet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Quarshie ENB, Dey NEY, Oppong Asante K. Adolescent suicidal behaviour in Namibia: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and correlates among 3,152 school learners aged 12-17 years. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 36922818 PMCID: PMC10018865 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While adolescent suicidal behaviour (ideation, planning, and attempt) remains a global public health concern, available county-specific evidence on the phenomenon from African countries is relatively less than enough. The present study was conducted to estimate the 12-month prevalence and describe some of the associated factors of suicide behaviour among school-going adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Namibia. METHODS Participants (n = 4531) answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire developed and validated for the nationally representative Namibia World Health Organization Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in 2013. We applied univariate, bivariable, and multivariable statistical approaches to the data. RESULTS Of the 3,152 analytical sample, 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.3-22.2%) reported suicidal ideation, 25.2% (95% CI: 22.3-28.4%) engaged in suicide planning, and 24.5% (95% CI: 20.9-28.6%) attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Of those who attempted suicide, 14.6% (95% CI: 12.5-16.9%) reported one-time suicide attempt, and 9.9% (95% CI: 8.1-12.1%) attempted suicide at least twice in the previous 12 months. The final adjusted multivariable models showed physical attack victimisation, bullying victimisation, loneliness, and parental intrusion of privacy as key factors associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation, planning, one-time suicide attempt, and repeated attempted suicide. Cannabis use showed the strongest association with increased relative risk of repeated attempted suicide. CONCLUSION The evidence highlights the importance of paying more attention to addressing the mental health needs (including those related to psychological and social wellness) of school-going adolescents in Namibia. While the current study suggests that further research is warranted to explicate the pathways to adolescent suicide in Namibia, identifying and understanding the correlates (at the individual-level, family-level, interpersonal-level, school context and the broader community context) of adolescent suicidal ideations and non-fatal suicidal behaviours are useful for intervention and prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Desrosiers A, Bond L, Hoffman M, Kumar P, Schafer C, Metzger IW, Vandi A, Hinton M, Betancourt TS. Exploring Naturalistic Diffusion of an Evidence-Based Mental Health Intervention across Peer Networks of Youth in Sierra Leone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4059. [PMID: 36901069 PMCID: PMC10002214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms by which evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for mental health are naturally diffused among youth in low-and middle-income countries-particularly those with histories of violence and civil unrest-can illuminate which intervention elements are most transferrable and inform scale-up decisions that support youth adjustment. This study explored the diffusion of an evidence-based mental health intervention-the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI)-among peer networks of Sierra Leonean youth (aged 18-30) who participated in a trial of the intervention as integrated into youth entrepreneurship programs. METHODS Trained research assistants recruited index participants who had completed the YRI integrated within entrepreneurship training (N = 165) and control index participants (N = 165). Index participants nominated three of their closest peers. Nominated peers were recruited and enrolled in the current study (N = 289). A sub-sample of index participants and peers participated in dyadic interviews (N = 11) and focus group discussions (N = 16). Multivariate regression analysis compared YRI knowledge levels among YRI participants' peers relative to control participants' peers. RESULTS Qualitative findings supported the diffusion of several YRI skills and components across peer networks (i.e., progressive muscle relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing). Quantitative findings indicated that YRI knowledge was significantly higher for YRI participants' peers (β = 0.02, p < 0.00) compared to control participants' peers. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that diffusion of evidence-based intervention components can occur naturally among peers in post-conflict LMIC settings. Developing tools to promote the diffusion of the most transferrable EBI components across peer networks could help maximize the benefits of mental health interventions for youth adjustment and resilience in post-conflict settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea Desrosiers
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Laura Bond
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02496, USA
| | - Morgan Hoffman
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02496, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02496, USA
| | - Carolyn Schafer
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Isha W. Metzger
- College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Examining mediators of associations of food insecurity and being bullied with suicide among in-school adolescents in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1668. [PMID: 36717579 PMCID: PMC9886993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the potential mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness on the association of concurrent food insecurity (FI) and being bullied (BB) with suicidal behavior (SB) in Eswatini, a lower-middle-income country. We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS; N = 3264), which employed a two-stage cluster sampling: first, 25 schools were selected based on the proportionate probability of enrollment; second, classes were randomly selected. A self-reported 84-item GSHS questionnaire was used to collect data for students aged 13-17 years. FI was measured by requesting students to recall how often they went hungry because of a lack of food at home in the 30 days before the study. Multiple logistic regressions and binary mediation function was applied to examine mediating factors of SB. The prevalence of SB, FI, and BB among adolescents was 27.5%, 7.7%, and 30.2%, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between FI and BB with SB was partly (approximately 24%) mediated by anxiety and loneliness. Our results highlight the mediating roles of anxiety and loneliness in suicidal adolescents who experience FI and BB. In conclusion, interventions for alleviating SB in high-risk adolescents experiencing FI and BB should also be aimed at ameliorating anxiety and loneliness.
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Aboagye RG, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Okyere J, Frimpong JB, Kumar M. In-school adolescents’ loneliness, social support, and suicidal ideation in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Global School Health data to advance mental health focus in the region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275660. [PMID: 36350793 PMCID: PMC9645589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent and youth mental health problems are increasingly becoming an area of concern in global health. Young people in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant adversities and systemic challenges despite technological advancements and demographic transition that the region is experiencing. We examined the nexus between experiences of loneliness, low social support, and presence of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Method A total of 19,119 in-school adolescents from eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in this study. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome variable and loneliness, and social support were the explanatory variables. Percentages were used to summarise the prevalence of suicidal ideation, loneliness, and social support among the in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was later used to determine the association between suicidal ideation and the explanatory variables and covariates using Stata v16. Four models were tested using the regression analysis. We presented the regression results using adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, the past year prevalence of loneliness, peer support, one or more close friends, and suicidal ideation were 10%, 33.4%, 90.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. In-school adolescents who felt lonely (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.09) were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. However, those who received peer support (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.97) and had one or more close friends (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.86) were less likely to experience suicidal ideation. Conclusion These results point to the significant roles of loneliness, and lack of social support, in understanding suicidal ideations. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa need to improve child and adolescent mental health policies and programmes to respond to these risk factors and mental health challenges. Programmes with a differential focus on the needs of males and females, younger and older adolescents will be important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - James Boadu Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Asante KO, Quarshie ENB. The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents in Namibia. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-022-00236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cannabis smoking increases the risk of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in young individuals of 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:90-98. [PMID: 35810604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most frequently consumed drug around the world. Its use has been associated with increased suicide behaviors; nonetheless, the association of cannabis smoking and suicide behaviors in adolescents has not yet been established. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the risk of suicide attempt, suicidal ideation or suicide planning in individuals of 11-21 years of age who smoke cannabis. METHODS We performed an online searched using PubMed, EBSCO and Science Direct databases, up to July 2021. We calculated odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the association between suicide attempt, suicidal ideation or suicide planning and cannabis smoking in individuals of 11-21 years of age. RESULTS Twenty studies reported suicide attempts in 34,859 young individuals, suicidal ideation in 26, 937 individuals, and suicide planning in 9054 young individuals. We found an increased risk of suicide attempt in cannabis smokers than in non-cannabis users (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.78-3.05; Z p value; <0.0001; I2 = 97.12%), as well as a significant association between cannabis smoking and suicidal ideation (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.64-2.53; Z p value: <0.001; I2: 94.88) and suicide planning (OR: 1.674; 95% CI: 1.554-1.804; Z p value: 0.000; I2: 92.609). Subgroup analyses showed that American teens have an increased risk of suicidal ideation; the meta-regression analysis revealed that age was negatively associated with the risk of suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows that cannabis smoking increased the risk of suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and suicide planning in young individuals of 11-21 years of age. The high risk of suicide behaviors could vary depending on the population studied; therefore, more studies are necessary to corroborate the risk of presenting suicide behaviors in individuals of 11-21 years of age who smoke cannabis.
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Do Cigarette Smoking and Amphetamine Use Predict Suicide Behaviors Among Adolescents in Liberia? Findings from a National Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Badarch J, Chuluunbaatar B, Batbaatar S, Paulik E. Suicide Attempts among School-Attending Adolescents in Mongolia: Associated Factors and Gender Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052991. [PMID: 35270685 PMCID: PMC8910274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Attempting suicide is an important risk factor that can lead to suicide death. The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts and to identify the gender-specific predictors of suicide among adolescents in Mongolia. We analyzed data from the 2019 Mongolian Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted nationwide among 13–18-year-old students. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the correlates of suicide attempts. Overall, 32.1% of the adolescents reported to have had suicide attempts. Multivariable analysis showed a significant association in the total sample of suicide attempts with lack of close friends, anxiety, injury and violence, smoking and alcohol drinking, and sexual intercourse. Male suicide attempters were less likely to have close friends and more likely to have injuries, been physically attacked, been bullied, smoke, drink alcohol, and have had sexual intercourse. Within the female subgroup, anxiety, injury and violence, smoking and alcohol drinking significantly increased the odds of reporting suicide attempts. Increase of the student’s age by one year decreased the odds ratio of suicide attempts. Nearly one in three students had had a suicide attempt. Several factors, including mental distress, violence, and risky behaviors were found to be associated with suicide attempts. These can aid in designing intervention strategies for preventing suicidal behaviors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javzan Badarch
- Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bayar Chuluunbaatar
- Medicine and Medical Devices Regulatory Agency, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;
| | - Suvd Batbaatar
- Department of Environmental Health, National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar 13381, Mongolia;
| | - Edit Paulik
- Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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Mokaya AG, Kikuvi GM, Mutai J, Khasakhala LI, Memiah P. Factors associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents transitioning to secondary school in Nairobi County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:180. [PMID: 36879633 PMCID: PMC9984834 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.180.35917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction adolescence is a transitory stage in the lives of young people. The transition from primary to secondary school among adolescents is associated with suicidal behavior but is not well characterized in the Kenyan context. This study sought to elucidate factors associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents aged 11-18 years in transition to secondary school. Methods a cross-sectional design was employed in the study that was conducted among adolescents in 5 randomly selected secondary schools in Nairobi County. The study involved 539 students who had joined form 1 in January 2020. Data were collected using the suicide behavior questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R) in March 2020. Factors associated with suicidal behavior were assessed using a generalized linear model (GLM), using a poisson distribution with a log-link function to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), and a significance level of p=.05. Results one-fifth (20.04%) of adolescents with a median age of 14 years were at risk of suicidal behavior. Depression (aPR=3.16, C.I {1.85, 5.41}, p=0.001) and lifetime alcohol use (aPR=1.87, C.I {1.17, 2.97}, p=0.009) were found to be significant factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion depression and lifetime alcohol use are associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents transitioning from primary to secondary school. Interventions may need to be targeted at the pre-secondary or primary school level to prevent underage alcohol use and enhancement of social support to prevent depression in this demographic of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggrey Gisiora Mokaya
- Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Gideon Mutie Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mutai
- Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Peter Memiah
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
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Motsa MPS, Chiou HY, Chen YH. Association of chronic diseases and lifestyle factors with suicidal ideation among adults aged 18-69 years in Eswatini: evidence from a population-based survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2245. [PMID: 34893094 PMCID: PMC8665558 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How chronic diseases and lifestyle affect suicidal ideation in the sub-Saharan region remains unclear. We investigated the association of chronic diseases and lifestyle with suicidal ideation in the past year and the potential modifying role of sociodemographic status on this association. The findings can guide suicide prevention interventions. Methods We analyzed 3026 respondents from the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in Eswatini in 2014. The outcome was past-year suicidal ideation, and the main predictors were chronic diseases and lifestyle. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate predictors, and subgroup analysis was performed to assess effect modification. Results The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation was 9.9%. After adjustment for covariates, including sex, marital status, employment status, and education level, individuals aged 18–30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.22) were more likely to have had past-year suicidal ideation than those aged 45–69 years. After adjustment for covariates among employed individuals, having high blood pressure (aOR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.54–7.40), not exercising (aOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.09–6.39), drinking alcohol (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.14–5.05), being aged 18–30 years (aOR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.01–12.1), and being exposed to threats (aOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.01–5.53) were significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation. Conclusions Among currently employed individuals, having high blood pressure, not exercising, and drinking alcohol were associated with past-year suicidal ideation. The findings highlight the importance of developing and strengthening systems for early identification of suicidal ideation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mfundi President Sebenele Motsa
- PhD Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan.
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Hoogstoel F, Fassinou LC, Samadoulougou S, Mahieu C, Coppieters Y, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Health Lifestyle Profiles and Their Association with Suicidality among Adolescents in Benin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168602. [PMID: 34444357 PMCID: PMC8391144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Youth suicidality is considerably prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Benin. Factors such as psychosocial distress, socio-environmental factors, and health risk behaviors are associated with suicidality. However, little is known about how these factors co-occur in these countries. An analysis of these factors taken together would help to identify the profiles most at risk and better target prevention policies. Our study aimed to identify profiles related to these factors and their association with suicidality among adolescents in Benin. Data from the 2016 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were used, and factors related to lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol consumption and physical activity), physical violence, parental support, and psychological distress were studied. Latent class analysis was used to identify the profiles, and a modified Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, was performed to assess the association between these profiles and suicidality. The survey results show that globally, 13.8% of the adolescents (n = 2536) aged 11 to 18 had thought about suicide, 15.6% had planned suicide, and 15.6% had attempted suicide. Four profiles were identified: a low-risk group, one with psychological distress problems, a group with violence problems, and one with alcohol, tobacco, and violence problems. The risk of suicidality, in terms of ideation, planning, or attempting, was higher for adolescents in Profiles 2, 3, and 4 than those in Profile 1 (p < 0.05). Adolescents in Profile 2 were particularly affected by this increased risk (prevalence ratio (PR) for ideation = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23; PR for planning = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.22; PR for attempting = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.17). This study highlights the typical profiles that may be linked with suicidality among adolescents in Benin. A holistic consideration of these factors could help in planning better preventive measures to reduce suicidality among adolescents in Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hoogstoel
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (F.H.); (L.C.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lucresse Corine Fassinou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (F.H.); (L.C.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sékou Samadoulougou
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada;
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Céline Mahieu
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Approches Sociales de la Santé, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Yves Coppieters
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (F.H.); (L.C.F.); (Y.C.)
- Centre de Recherche Politiques et Systèmes de Santé, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (F.H.); (L.C.F.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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A Latent Class Analysis of Health Lifestyles in Relation to Suicidality among Adolescents in Mauritius. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136934. [PMID: 34203501 PMCID: PMC8296868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Suicidality, which includes suicidal thoughts, planning, and suicide attempts, results mainly from a combination of psychological, sociological, and environmental factors. Despite a high prevalence of suicidality among adolescents in Africa, only a few studies have considered these factors simultaneously. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of suicidality, to draw up profiles of concomitant risks, and to examine the associations between these profiles and suicidality in Mauritius. This study used data from the 2017 Mauritian Global School-based Student Health Survey including 3012 adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 ± 1.4 years. Factors related to lifestyle such as consumptions of alcohol and tobacco, physical activity, violence, parental support, anxiety, and loneliness were considered. A latent class analysis was performed to identify the profiles. Finally, a modified Poisson regression analysis with generalized estimating equations, adjusted with sociodemographic characteristics, was used to assess the association between these profiles and suicidality. Overall, more than one in ten adolescents had at least one of the suicidality behaviors. Three profiles were identified: 1 = "low risk group" (63.9%); 2 = "problems with violence" (15.2%); 3 = "problems with violence, alcohol, tobacco and psychological distress" (20.9%). Profiles 2 and 3 were mainly made up of males. Adolescents under 15 represented the majority of individuals in profile 2. Finally, the risk of suicidality was higher in adolescents belonging to profiles 2 and 3 compared to profile 1 for the three suicidality behaviors (profile 3: Prevalence ratio (PR) for suicidal thoughts = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.19-1.34; PR for planning = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.17-1.30; PR for attempt = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.17-1.29). This study highlights the high prevalence of suicidality and a list of concomitant risks, emphasizing this suicidality in Mauritian adolescents. Therefore, these results recommend focusing preventive efforts toward a simultaneous consideration of these factors.
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