1
|
van de Baan F, Gifford R, Ruwaard D, Fleuren B, Westra D. Newspaper Coverage of Hospitals During a Prolonged Health Crisis: Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48134. [PMID: 38381496 PMCID: PMC10918547 DOI: 10.2196/48134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important for health organizations to communicate with the public through newspapers during health crises. Although hospitals were a main source of information for the public during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how this information was presented to the public through (web-based) newspaper articles. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine newspaper reporting on the situation in hospitals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands and to assess the degree to which the reporting in newspapers aligned with what occurred in practice. METHODS We used a mixed methods longitudinal design to compare internal data from all hospitals (n=5) located in one of the most heavily affected regions of the Netherlands with the information reported by a newspaper covering the same region. The internal data comprised 763 pages of crisis meeting documents and 635 minutes of video communications. A total of 14,401 newspaper articles were retrieved from the LexisNexis Academic (RELX Group) database, of which 194 (1.3%) articles were included for data analysis. For qualitative analysis, we used content and thematic analyses. For quantitative analysis, we used chi-square tests. RESULTS The content of the internal data was categorized into 12 themes: COVID-19 capacity; regular care capacity; regional, national, and international collaboration; human resources; well-being; public support; material resources; innovation; policies and protocols; finance; preparedness; and ethics. Compared with the internal documents, the newspaper articles focused significantly more on the themes COVID-19 capacity (P<.001), regular care capacity (P<.001), and public support (P<.001) during the first year of the pandemic, whereas they focused significantly less on the themes material resources (P=.004) and policies and protocols (P<.001). Differences in attention toward themes were mainly observed between the first and second waves of the pandemic and at the end of the third wave. For some themes, the attention in the newspaper articles preceded the attention given to these themes in the internal documents. Reporting was done through various forms, including diary articles written from the perspective of the hospital staff. No indication of the presence of misinformation was found in the newspaper articles. CONCLUSIONS Throughout the first year of the pandemic, newspaper articles provided coverage on the situation of hospitals and experiences of staff. The focus on themes within newspaper articles compared with internal hospital data differed significantly for 5 (42%) of the 12 identified themes. The discrepancies between newspapers and hospitals in their focus on themes could be attributed to their gatekeeping roles. Both parties should be aware of their gatekeeping role and how this may affect information distribution. During health crises, newspapers can be a credible source of information for the public. The information can also be valuable for hospitals themselves, as it allows them to anticipate internal and external developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank van de Baan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Gifford
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Ruwaard
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bram Fleuren
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daan Westra
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JM, Jansen R, Sanderson KE, Guerra F, Keller-Olaman S, Murti M, O'Sullivan TL, Law MP, Schwartz B, Bourns LE, Khan Y. Public health emergency preparedness for infectious disease emergencies: a scoping review of recent evidence. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:420. [PMID: 36864415 PMCID: PMC9979131 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic continues to demonstrate the risks and profound health impacts that result from infectious disease emergencies. Emergency preparedness has been defined as the knowledge, capacity and organizational systems that governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals develop to anticipate, respond to, or recover from emergencies. This scoping review explored recent literature on priority areas and indicators for public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) with a focus on infectious disease emergencies. METHODS Using scoping review methodology, a comprehensive search was conducted for indexed and grey literature with a focus on records published from 2017 to 2020 onward, respectively. Records were included if they: (a) described PHEP, (b) focused on an infectious emergency, and (c) were published in an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country. An evidence-based all-hazards Resilience Framework for PHEP consisting of 11 elements was used as a reference point to identify additional areas of preparedness that have emerged in recent publications. The findings were analyzed deductively and summarized thematically. RESULTS The included publications largely aligned with the 11 elements of the all-hazards Resilience Framework for PHEP. In particular, the elements related to collaborative networks, community engagement, risk analysis and communication were frequently observed across the publications included in this review. Ten emergent themes were identified that expand on the Resilience Framework for PHEP specific to infectious diseases. Planning to mitigate inequities was a key finding of this review, it was the most frequently identified emergent theme. Additional emergent themes were: research and evidence-informed decision making, building vaccination capacity, building laboratory and diagnostic system capacity, building infection prevention and control capacity, financial investment in infrastructure, health system capacity, climate and environmental health, public health legislation and phases of preparedness. CONCLUSION The themes from this review contribute to the evolving understanding of critical public health emergency preparedness actions. The themes expand on the 11 elements outlined in the Resilience Framework for PHEP, specifically relevant to pandemics and infectious disease emergencies. Further research will be important to validate these findings, and expand understanding of how refinements to PHEP frameworks and indicators can support public health practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lee
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, M5G 1V2, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Jansen
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, M5G 1V2, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kate E Sanderson
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, M5G 1V2, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Guerra
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, M5G 1M1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sue Keller-Olaman
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, M5G 1V2, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Murti
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health, Government of Ontario, 393 University Avenue, Suite 2100, M5G 2M2, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Madelyn P Law
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, L2S 3A1, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Schwartz
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, M5G 1M1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura E Bourns
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, M5G 1M1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, M5G 1V2, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Digital Technologies to Enhance Infectious Disease Surveillance in Tanzania: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040470. [PMID: 36833004 PMCID: PMC9957254 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile phones and computer-based applications can speed up disease outbreak detection and control. Hence, it is not surprising that stakeholders in the health sector are becoming more interested in funding these technologies in Tanzania, Africa, where outbreaks occur frequently. The objective of this situational review is, therefore, to summarize available literature on the application of mobile phones and computer-based technologies for infectious disease surveillance in Tanzania and to inform on existing gaps. Four databases were searched-Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), PubMed, and Scopus-yielding a total of 145 publications. In addition, 26 publications were obtained from the Google search engine. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by 35 papers: they described mobile phone-based and computer-based systems designed for infectious disease surveillance in Tanzania, were published in English between 2012 and 2022, and had full texts that could be read online. The publications discussed 13 technologies, of which 8 were for community-based surveillance, 2 were for facility-based surveillance, and 3 combined both forms of surveillance. Most of them were designed for reporting purposes and lacked interoperability features. While undoubtedly useful, the stand-alone character limits their impact on public health surveillance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wahedi K, Zenner D, Flores S, Bozorgmehr K. Mandatory, voluntary, repetitive, or one-off post-migration follow-up for tuberculosis prevention and control: A systematic review. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004030. [PMID: 36719863 PMCID: PMC9888720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-migration follow-up of migrants identified to be at-risk of developing tuberculosis during the initial screening is effective, but programmes vary across countries. We aimed to review main strategies applied to design follow-up programmes and analyse the effect of key programme characteristics on reported coverage (i.e., proportion of migrants screened among those eligible for screening) or yields (i.e., proportion of active tuberculosis among those identified as eligible for follow-up screening). METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting yields of follow-up screening programmes. Studies were included if they reported the rate of tuberculosis disease detected in international migrants through active case finding strategies and applied a post-migration follow-up (defined as one or more additional rounds of screening after finalising the initial round). For this, we retrieved all studies identified by Chan and colleagues for their systematic review (in their search until January 12, 2017) and included those reporting from active follow-up programmes. We then updated the search (from January 12, 2017 to September 30, 2022) using Medline and Embase via Ovid. Data were extracted on reported coverage, yields, and key programme characteristics, including eligible population, mode of screening, time intervals for screening, programme providers, and legal frameworks. Differences in follow-up programmes were tabulated and synthesised narratively. Meta-analyses in random effect models and exploratory analysis of subgroups showed high heterogeneity (I2 statistic > 95.0%). We hence refrained from pooling, and estimated yields and coverage with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratified by country, legal character (mandatory versus voluntary screening), and follow-up scheme (one-off versus repetitive screening) using forest plots for comparison and synthesis. Of 1,170 articles, 24 reports on screening programmes from 7 countries were included, with considerable variation in eligible populations, time intervals of screening, and diagnostic protocols. Coverage varied, but was higher than 60% in 15 studies, and tended to be lower in voluntary compared to compulsory programmes, and higher in studies from the United States of America, Israel, and Australia. Yield varied within and between countries and ranged between 53.05 (31.94 to 82.84) in a Dutch study and 5,927.05 (4,248.29 to 8,013.71) in a study from the United States. Of 15 estimates with narrow 95% CIs for yields, 12 were below 1,500 cases per 100,000 eligible migrants. Estimates of yields in one-off follow-up programmes tended to be higher and were surrounded by less uncertainty, compared to those in repetitive follow-up programmes. Yields in voluntary and mandatory programmes were comparable in magnitude and uncertainty. The study is limited by the heterogeneity in the design of the identified screening programmes as effectiveness, coverage and yields also depend on factors often underreported or not known, such as baseline incidence in the respective population, reactivation rate, educative and administrative processes, and consequences of not complying with obligatory measures. CONCLUSION Programme characteristics of post-migration follow-up screening for prevention and control of tuberculosis as well as coverage and yield vary considerably. Voluntary programmes appear to have similar yields compared with mandatory programmes and repetitive screening apparently did not lead to higher yields compared with one-off screening. Screening strategies should consider marginal costs for each additional round of screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wahedi
- Section for Health Equity Studies & Migration, Department of General Practice & Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Marsilius-Arkaden, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Zenner
- Clinical Reader in Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Flores
- Department of Public Healthy and Caring Sciences, Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kayvan Bozorgmehr
- Section for Health Equity Studies & Migration, Department of General Practice & Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Marsilius-Arkaden, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Germany, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crawford G, Connor E, McCausland K, Reeves K, Blackford K. Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16946. [PMID: 36554827 PMCID: PMC9778908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds experience factors that may increase health inequities related to a range of determinants of health including housing and mental health. However, the intersection between mental health and housing for migrants is poorly understood. A scoping review searched four academic databases for concepts related to cultural and linguistic diversity, housing conditions, and public health interventions to address homelessness. A total of 49 articles were included and seven key themes identified: housing provision; mental health intersections and interventions; complexity and needs beyond housing; substance use; service provider and policy issues; the role of cultural and linguistic diversity; and consumer experience. The intersection of ethnicity with other social determinants of health and housing was highlighted though there were limited interventions tailored for migrants. Studies generally pointed to the positive impacts of Housing First. Other sub-themes emerged: social connection and community; shame, stigma, and discrimination; health and support requirements; and employment, financial assistance, and income. Consumer choice was identified as vital, along with the need for systemic anti-racism work and interventions. To support secure housing for migrants and mitigate mental health impacts, closer attention is required towards migration factors along with broader, tailored services complementing housing provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Connor
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Karina Reeves
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Krysten Blackford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belita E, Neil-Sztramko SE, Miller A, Anderson LN, Apatu E, Bellefleur O, Kapiriri L, Read K, Sherifali D, Tarride JÉ, Dobbins M. A scoping review of strategies to support public health recovery in the transition to a "new normal" in the age of COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1244. [PMID: 35739496 PMCID: PMC9219400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health workforce has experienced re-deployment from core functions such as health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection, to preventing and tracking the spread of COVID-19. With continued pandemic deployment coupled with the exacerbation of existing health disparities due to the pandemic, public health systems need to re-start the delivery of core public health programming alongside COVID-19 activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify strategies that support the re-integration of core public health programming alongside ongoing pandemic or emergency response. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this study. A comprehensive search was conducted using: a) online databases, b) grey literature, c) content experts to identify additional references, and d) searching reference lists of pertinent studies. All references were screened by two team members. References were included that met the following criteria: a) involved public health organizations (local, regional, national, and international); b) provided descriptions of strategies to support adaptation or delivery of routine public health measures alongside disaster response; and c) quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive designs. No restrictions were placed on language, publication status, publication date, or outcomes. Data on study characteristics, intervention/strategy, and key findings were independently extracted by two team members. Emergent themes were established through independent inductive analysis by two team members. Results Of 44,087 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Study designs of included studies varied: descriptive (n = 8); qualitative (n = 4); mixed-methods (n = 2); cross-sectional (n = 1); case report (n = 1); single-group pretest/post-test design (n = 1). Included studies were from North America (n = 10), Africa (n = 4), and Asia (n = 3) and addressed various public health disasters including natural disasters (n = 9), infectious disease epidemics (n = 5), armed conflict (n = 2) and hazardous material disasters (n = 1). Five emergent themes were identified on strategies to support the re-integration of core public health services: a) community engagement, b) community assessment, c) collaborative partnerships and coordination, d) workforce capacity development and allocation, and e) funding/resource enhancement. Conclusion Emergent themes from this study can be used by public health organizations as a beginning understanding of strategies that can support the re-introduction of essential public health services and programs in COVID-19 recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, HSC 2J22, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Alanna Miller
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olivier Bellefleur
- Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé (CCNPPS), National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP) , 190, boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. KTH 236, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Kristin Read
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jean-Éric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools , 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessment of school teachers’ disaster preparedness using the extended parallel process model: a cross-sectional study in Angeles City, Philippines. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
8
|
Schoch-Spana M, Ravi SJ, Martin EK. Modeling epidemic recovery: An expert elicitation on issues and approaches. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114554. [PMID: 34810032 PMCID: PMC8574926 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019, the world has been in a state of high alert and reactivity. Once the acute stage of the infectious disease crisis does abate, however, few if any communities will have a detailed roadmap to guide recovery - that is, the process of becoming whole again and working to reduce similar, future risk. In both research and policy contexts where data are absent or difficult to obtain, expert judgment can help fill the void. Between November 2019 and February 2020, we conducted an expert elicitation process, asking fourteen key informants - with specializations in infectious diseases, disaster recovery, community resilience, public health, emergency management, and policymaking - to identify the design principles, priority issues, and field experiences that should inform development of an epidemic recovery model. Participants argued that recovery from epidemics is distinct from natural disasters due to epidemics' potential to produce effects over large areas for extended periods of time and ability to generate high levels of fear, anticipatory anxiety, and antisocial behavior. Furthermore, epidemic recovery is a complex, nonlinear process involving many domains - political, economic, sociocultural, infrastructural, and human health. As such, an adequate model of post-epidemic recovery should extend beyond strictly medical matters, specify units of interest (e.g., individual, family, institution, sector, community), capture differing trajectories of recovery given social determinants of health, and be fit for use depending upon user group (e.g., policymakers, responders, researchers). This formative study commences a longer-term effort to generate indicators for a holistic, transformative epidemic recovery at the community level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Schoch-Spana
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Pier IV Building, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| | - Sanjana J Ravi
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Pier IV Building, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| | - Elena K Martin
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, 621 East Pratt Street, Pier IV Building, Suite 210, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pillay T, Pillay M. Contextualising clinical reasoning within the clinical swallow evaluation: A scoping review and expert consultation. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 68:e1-e12. [PMID: 34342487 PMCID: PMC8335787 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the available literature on the phenomenon of clinical reasoning and described its influence on the clinical swallow evaluation. By exploring the relationship between clinical reasoning and the clinical swallow evaluation, it is possible to modernise the approach to dysphagia assessment. Objectives This study aimed to contextualise the available literature on clinical reasoning and the CSE to low-middle income contexts through the use of a scoping review and expert consultation. Method A scoping review was performed based on the PRISMA-ScR framework. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Articles were considered if they discussed the clinical swallow evaluation and clinical reasoning, and were published in the last 49 years. Results Through rigorous electronic and manual searching, 12 articles were identified. This review made an argument for the value of clinical reasoning within the clinical swallow evaluation. The results of the study revealed three core themes related to the acquisition, variability and positive impact of clinical reasoning in the clinical swallow evaluation. Conclusion The results of this review showed that the clinical swallow evaluation is a complex process with significant levels of variability usually linked to the impact of context. This demonstrates that in order to deliver effective and relevant services, despite challenging conditions, healthcare practitioners must depend on clinical reasoning to make appropriate modifications to the assessment process that considers these salient factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiani Pillay
- Discipline of Speech-Language Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ndumbe-Eyoh S, Muzumdar P, Betker C, Oickle D. 'Back to better': amplifying health equity, and determinants of health perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Health Promot 2021; 28:7-16. [PMID: 33761795 PMCID: PMC7994919 DOI: 10.1177/17579759211000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equity and social justice have long been key tenets of health promotion practice, policy and research. Health promotion foregrounds the pertinence of social, economic, cultural, political and spiritual life in creating and maintaining health. This necessitates a critical structural determinants of health perspective that actively engages with the experiences of health and wellbeing among diverse peoples. The inequitable impacts of pandemics are well documented, as are calls for improved pandemic responses. Yet, current pandemic and emergency preparedness plans do not adequately account for the social and structural determinants of health and health equity. METHODS Through five one-hour online conversations held in April 2020, we engaged 13 practice, policy, research and community leaders on the intersections of COVID-19 and gender, racism, homelessness, Indigenous health and knowledge, household food insecurity, disability, ethics and equitable futures post-COVID-19. We conducted a thematic analysis of speaker and participant contributions to investigate the impacts and influence of COVID-19 related to the structural and social determinants of health. We analyzed which policies, practices and responses amplified or undermined equity and social justice and identified opportunities for improved action. FINDINGS Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed four broad themes:• oppressive, unjust systems and existing health and social inequities;• health and social systems under duress and non-responsive to equity;• disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 driven by underlying structural and socioeconomic inequity; and• enhanced momentum for collective mobilization, policy innovations and social transformation. DISCUSSION There was a strong desire for a more just and equitable society in a post-COVID-19 world, going 'back to better' rather than 'back to normal.' Our analysis demonstrates that equity has not been well integrated into pandemic planning and responses. Social movement and systems theories provide insight on ways to build on existing community mobilization and policy openings for sustained social transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sume Ndumbe-Eyoh
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Pemma Muzumdar
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Claire Betker
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Diane Oickle
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rubin O, Errett NA, Upshur R, Baekkeskov E. The challenges facing evidence-based decision making in the initial response to COVID-19. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49:790-796. [PMID: 33685289 DOI: 10.1177/1403494821997227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rubin
- Department of Social Sciences and Businesses, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Nicole A Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, USA
| | - Ross Upshur
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Erik Baekkeskov
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma J, Huang Y, Zheng ZJ. Leveraging the Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) for pandemic response: opportunities and challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:118-120. [PMID: 33251032 PMCID: PMC7680508 DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) was conceptualized and established for coordinating information and resources towards goal-oriented response in large scale public health emergency. Yet, the activities undertaken by PHEOCs and their intended goals have not been fully optimized in current scenario. This paper revisited the collective efforts invested in PHEOC conceptualization and development, identified the opportunities and challenges in compliance with standards and framework, demonstrated the accountability of PHEOC network, thereby promoted best practice guidance for global public health emergency preparedness and response. This review will help navigate emergency response complexities leveraging PHEOC partnerships and advance the ability to detect and respond to public health emergencies in low resource settings. The review shows that the information on how to adapt best practice guidance to local circumstances could incentivize the full implementation of prevention, early detection and response to outbreaks. Identifying and correcting deficiencies in effectiveness evaluation will provide the basis for continuous PHEOC improvement. With the gradually reopening economies and public services in some countries, there is an urgent need to emphasize and validate the collective efforts undertaken by PHEOCs for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Ma
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Global Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yangmu Huang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Global Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Global Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belfroid E, Roβkamp D, Fraser G, Swaan C, Timen A. Towards defining core principles of public health emergency preparedness: scoping review and Delphi consultation among European Union country experts. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1482. [PMID: 32998729 PMCID: PMC7527265 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background European Member States, the European Commission and its agencies work together to enhance preparedness and response for serious cross-border threats to health such as Ebola. Yet, common understanding of public health emergency preparedness across EU/EEA countries is challenging, because preparedness is a relatively new field of activity and is inherently fraught with uncertainty. A set of practical, widely accepted and easy to use recommendations for generic preparedness that bundles the activities described in separate guidance documents supports countries in preparing for any possible health threat. The aim of this consensus procedure was to identify and seek consensus from national-level preparedness experts from EU/EEA countries on key recommendations of public health emergency preparedness. Methods To identify key recommendations and to prioritize the recommendations we started with a literature consensus procedure, followed by a modified Delphi method for consultation of public health emergency preparedness leaders of EU/EEA countries. This consisted of six consecutive steps: a questionnaire to achieve consensus on a core set of recommendations, a face-to-face consultation, preselection of prioritized recommendations, a questionnaire to achieve consensus on the prioritized set and a face-to-face consensus meeting to further prioritize recommendations. Results As a result, EU/EEA experts selected 149 recommendations as core preparedness principles and prioritized 42. The recommendations were grouped in the seven domains: governance (57), capacity building and maintenance (11), surveillance (19), risk-assessment (16), risk- and crisis management (35), post-event evaluation (6) and implementation of lessons learned (5). Conclusions This prioritised set of consensus principles can provide a foundation for countries aiming to evaluate and improve their preparedness for public health emergencies. The recommendations are practical, support generic preparedness planning, and can be used by all countries irrespective of their current level of preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Belfroid
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Dorothee Roβkamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Fraser
- Health Security Consultant (formerly ECDC), Oxford, UK
| | - Corien Swaan
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aura Timen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Athena Institute, Free University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Global Research on Public Health Emergency Preparedness From 1997 to 2019: A Bibliometric Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:153-162. [PMID: 32892768 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To access the trends and focuses of publications on public health emergency preparedness in the timeframe 1997-2019. METHODS Publications related to public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analyses including output statistics, co-authorship analysis, citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis were performed and mapped using VOSviewer. RESULTS A total of 1058 publications on PHEP were included in this study. There was an increasing trend of publication output and citations since 2002. A total of 4605 authors from 1587 institutes and 92 countries contributed to the publications, and the United States lead the field. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness was the most active and co-cited journal among 243 journals. The knowledge foundation mainly focused on the professionals' capacity, education, and conceptions of PHEP. Epidemics, natural disasters, terrorism, education, and communication were the principle topics; while "vulnerable populations," "disaster medicine," and "hurricane" were the recent hotspots in this field. CONCLUSIONS Significant progresses had been achieved worldwide in the past 2 decades, however, improvement of research activity and international collaboration is still a need for most countries.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Public health emergency preparedness can improve a community's ability to cope health outcomes associated with environmental disasters and complex emergencies. Previous studies of gender and preparedness have yielded mixed results. The objective of this study was to examine the association between gender and public health emergency preparedness among U.S. adults using data from the behavioral risk factors surveillance system (BRFSS). Data was analyzed from the 2006-2012 BRFSS for 96,137 adults from 10 states. Three self-reported preparedness behaviors were evaluated: household preparedness (3-day supply of water, 3-day supply of food, battery-operated radio, and flashlight), emergency evacuation plan, and 3-day supply of medication. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate associations between gender and each preparedness behavior. Gender-specific regression analyses were also conducted to identify determinants of public health emergency preparedness. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, women were less likely to report household preparedness (PR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.75) and a 3-day supply of medication (PR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-0.99) than men. Among women, being divorced, widowed or separated (PR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 1.00) and living in a household with children (PR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77, 0.92) was inversely associated with reported household preparedness. This study adds to the epidemiology literature regarding gender and preparedness behaviors in the United States. Future investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and inform practices aimed at improving public health emergency preparedness.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tools for Assessment of Country Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies: A Critical Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:431-441. [PMID: 32366350 PMCID: PMC8532124 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent international communicable disease crises have highlighted the need for countries to assure their preparedness to respond effectively to public health emergencies. The objective of this study was to critically review existing tools to support a country's assessment of its health emergency preparedness. We developed a framework to analyze the expected effectiveness and utility of these tools. Through mixed search strategies, we identified 12 tools with relevance to public health emergencies. There was considerable consensus concerning the critical preparedness system elements to be assessed, although their relative emphasis and means of assessment and measurement varied considerably. Several tools identified appeared to have reporting requirements as their primary aim, rather than primary utility for system self-assessment of the countries and states using the tool. Few tools attempted to give an account of their underlying evidence base. Only some tools were available in a user-friendly electronic modality or included quantitative measures to support the monitoring of system preparedness over time. We conclude there is still a need for improvement in tools available for assessment of country preparedness for public health emergencies, and for applied research to increase identification of system measures that are valid indicators of system response capability.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kain NA, Jardine CG. "Keep it short and sweet": Improving risk communication to family physicians during public health crises. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2020; 66:e99-e106. [PMID: 32165480 PMCID: PMC8302348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify recommendations from family physicians in Canada on how public health agencies and professional organizations might improve future crisis and emergency risk communications. DESIGN Qualitative content analysis. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen family physicians who have experienced a public health crisis. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 family physicians practising in various regions across Canada who had experienced what they defined as a public health crisis. These events included environmental crises, like forest fires and hurricanes, and infectious disease crises, like the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and H1N1 outbreaks. Interview transcripts were coded using an inductive qualitative content analysis method, specifically focusing on recommendations from participants on how to improve risk communication to family physicians in the event of a future public health crisis. MAIN FINDINGS Based on their personal experiences, participants had many explicit recommendations on how to improve risk communication strategies in the event of a future public health crisis. These included having a single trusted source of information; having timely and succinct communication; having consideration for learners; ensuring access to information for all physicians; improving public health and family medicine collaboration; having crisis information for patients; and creating communication infrastructure before a crisis occurs. CONCLUSION This research provides thoughtful and varied considerations and advice from practising family physicians on how to improve risk communication from public health agencies and professional organizations to this group in the event of a public health crisis. With improved communications between these bodies and family physicians, practitioners will be better informed and prepared to provide the best possible care to their patient populations during such events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kain
- Program Manager of the Research and Evaluation Unit at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta in Edmonton and is Clinical Lecturer in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta.
| | - Cynthia G Jardine
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Health and Community in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Fraser Valley in Chilliwack, BC
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Experts' Views on the Gaps in Public Health Emergency Preparedness in Israel: A Qualitative Case Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 15:34-41. [PMID: 31779723 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the significant improvement in all components of preparedness in the past decade, there are still gaps between the guidelines and the reality on the ground. The purpose of this study is to explore how Israeli public health and emergency medicine experts perceive the demands for health organization emergency preparedness and the actual practice. METHODS Qualitative phenomenological research. We interviewed 22 Israeli public health and emergency medicine experts face-to-face and conducted a content analysis. RESULTS The findings revealed barriers in the following areas: preparation and readiness of hospitals, preparedness and readiness in the community, connection between the community and the hospital, inter-agency coordination and interface, interdisciplinary integration, preparedness resources, postcrisis evaluation, assimilating smart technologies, information accessibility, and communication. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the gap between theory and practice, retrospective research and evaluation must be included to learn in depth what strategies and resources should be used during a health crisis. Likewise, profiles should be constructed and the community should be segmented in order to design resilience programs and accommodate information to subpopulations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Barua P, Bangpan M, Narattharaksa K, Suphanchaimat R, Chaiyakunapruk N. Healthcare Policies for Stateless Populations in ASEAN Countries: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:597-620. [PMID: 31741181 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at summarizing the existing health policies for stateless populations living in the 10 ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. We followed scoping review method recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Our inclusion criteria were based on three concepts: populations (stateless and undocumented people), issues (healthcare policies and regulations), and settings (10 ASEAN countries). Our findings suggest that none of the ASEAN countries have explicit healthcare policies for stateless people except Thailand. We also observed that ratification of international human rights treaties relating to the right to health does not necessarily translate into the provision of healthcare policies for stateless population. Although Thailand seems like the only country among 10 ASIAN countries having health policies for stateless populations in the country, the question remains whether having a policy would lead to a proper implementation by ensuring right to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Proloy Barua
- Health Systems Management, Graduate School, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Independent Evaluation and Research Cell (IERC), BRAC International, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mukdarut Bangpan
- Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Kanida Narattharaksa
- Health Systems Management, Graduate School, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
- International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Ministry of Public Health, Tiwanon Road, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Savoia E, Guicciardi S, Bernard DP, Harriman N, Leinhos M, Testa M. Preparedness Emergency Response Research Centers (PERRCs): Addressing Public Health Preparedness Knowledge Gaps Using a Public Health Systems Perspective. Am J Public Health 2019; 108:S363-S365. [PMID: 30422694 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Savoia
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Stefano Guicciardi
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Dorothy Pordon Bernard
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Nigel Harriman
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary Leinhos
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Marcia Testa
- Elena Savoia, Dorothy Pordon Bernard, Nigel Harriman, Marcia Testa are with the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation and Practice (EPREP) Program, Division of Policy Translation and Leadership Development, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Stefano Guicciardi is with the Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Istituto di Igiene, Sanità Pubblica e Organizzazione dei Servizi Sanitari, Via San Giacomo, Bologna, Italy. Mary Leinhos is with the Office of Applied Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carbone EG, Thomas EV. Science as the Basis of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Practice: The Slow but Crucial Evolution. Am J Public Health 2019; 108:S383-S386. [PMID: 30422693 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We discuss challenges to implementing evidence-based practice within the broad field of public health preparedness and response. We discuss the progress of public health preparedness and response in building and translating evidence to practice since the World Trade Center attacks of 9/11/2001. We briefly describe analogies to struggles that other professional disciplines face, and we highlight key factors that facilitate and impede the implementation of evidence-based practice. We recommend a partnership led by funding agencies and closely involving research organizations and professional associations as a means to ensure that the public health preparedness and response field continues to develop an evidence-based culture and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Carbone
- Eric G. Carbone is with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA. Erin V. Thomas is an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response
| | - Erin V Thomas
- Eric G. Carbone is with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Atlanta, GA. Erin V. Thomas is an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Retiring the Flip Phones: Exploring Social Media Use for Managing Public Health Incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:859-867. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:Communication is essential during public health emergencies and incidents. This research aimed to understand current uses and challenges for public health agencies using social media during these incidents.Methods:An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted using the structured interview matrix facilitation technique. Focus groups were held with professionals from local public health agencies across Ontario, Canada. Representation from different geographic regions was sought to capture differences in participant experience. An inductive approach to content analysis was used to identify emergent themes.Results:A diverse group of public health professionals (n = 36) participated. Six themes were identified. Social media is identified as a communication tool used to expand reach of messages, to engage in dialogue with the public, and to inform the scope of potential incidents. Barriers to its use include hesitancy to adapt, lack of trust and credibility, and organizational structure and capacity constraints. Key strategies proposed to promote social media use and address barriers resulted from participant discussions and are presented.Conclusion:Social media use is highly variable across public health agencies in Ontario. This study identifies and provides strategies to address barriers and practice gaps related to public health agencies’ use of social media during emergencies.
Collapse
|
23
|
So M, Dziuban EJ, Franks JL, Cobham-Owens K, Schonfeld DJ, Gardner AH, Krug SE, Peacock G, Chung S. Extending the Reach of Pediatric Emergency Preparedness: A Virtual Tabletop Exercise Targeting Children's Needs. Public Health Rep 2019; 134:344-353. [PMID: 31095469 DOI: 10.1177/0033354919849880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Virtual tabletop exercises (VTTXs) simulate disaster scenarios to help participants improve their emergency-planning capacity. The objectives of our study were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a VTTX in improving preparedness capabilities specific to children's needs among pediatricians and public health practitioners, (2) document follow-up actions, and (3) identify exercise strengths and weaknesses. METHODS In February 2017, we conducted and evaluated a VTTX facilitated via videoconferencing among 26 pediatricians and public health practitioners from 4 states. Using a mixed-methods design, we assessed participants' knowledge and confidence to fulfill targeted federal preparedness capabilities immediately before and after the exercise. We also evaluated the degree to which participants made progress on actions through surveys 1 month (n = 14) and 6 months (n = 14) after the exercise. RESULTS Participants reported a greater ability to identify their state's pediatric emergency preparedness strengths and weaknesses after the exercise (16 of 18) compared with before the exercise (10 of 18). We also observed increases in (1) knowledge of and confidence in performing most pediatric emergency preparedness capabilities and (2) most dimensions of interprofessional collaboration. From 1 month to 6 months after the exercise, participants (n = 14) self-reported making progress in increasing awareness for potential preparedness partners and in conducting similar pediatric exercises (from 4-7 for both). CONCLUSIONS Participants viewed the VTTX positively and indicated increased pediatric emergency preparedness knowledge and confidence. Addressing barriers to improving local pediatric emergency preparedness-particularly long term-is an important target for future tabletop exercises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin So
- 1 Division of Human Development and Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,2 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Participation Programs, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,3 University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric J Dziuban
- 1 Division of Human Development and Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Franks
- 1 Division of Human Development and Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,2 Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Participation Programs, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - David J Schonfeld
- 5 Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,6 Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron H Gardner
- 7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - Steven E Krug
- 8 Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,9 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Georgina Peacock
- 1 Division of Human Development and Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarita Chung
- 10 Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Salita C, Liwanag R, Tiongco RE, Kawano R. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a lay responder disaster training package among school teachers in Angeles City, Philippines: using Witte's behavioral model. Public Health 2019; 170:23-31. [PMID: 30903974 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and implement a lay responder disaster training (LRDT) package with the intention to alter the perceived efficacy, perceived threat, and levels of fear among school teachers. STUDY DESIGN The study used an intervention-based design, wherein we intervened by conducting an LRDT which aimed to affect the participants' responses as defined by Witte's behavioral model (WBM). METHODS The LRDT package incorporated the usual disaster preparedness information but included the unexplored area of disaster first aid, which is lacking in most training currently being given. The entire LRDT was carried out for two consecutive days by an emergency medical services-accredited competency assessor. Preintervention and postintervention knowledge, level of fear, attitude, intentions, behavior, and a Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale was assessed using a structured questionnaire based on the WBM. RESULTS After conducting the LRDT as an intervention, the results show that there was a significant change in the knowledge, behavior, perceived threat, and level of fear among the participants. Other constructs, such as attitude, intentions, and perceived efficacy, were not statistically significant after the intervention. CONCLUSION In conclusion, knowledge, behavior, and the perceived threat of the school teachers were significantly higher after the LRDT, and their level of fear was significantly lower. Based on these results, we can conclude that both the WBM questionnaire and the LRDT package showed potential in improving disaster risk reduction and management among school teachers in Angeles City, Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Salita
- Graduate School, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines; College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines.
| | - R Liwanag
- College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines; P.R.O.M.P.T Care Learning Institute, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - R E Tiongco
- College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - R Kawano
- Graduate School, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Agrawal P. Is the Plural of Anecdote Data? Creating Evidence-Based Policy for Mass Casualty Incidents. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:189-190. [PMID: 30649933 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Agrawal
- Pooja Agrawal is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
IntroductionThe impact of disasters and large-scale crises continues to increase around the world. To mitigate the potential disasters that confront humanity in the new millennium, an evidence-informed approach to disaster management is needed. This study provides the platform for such an evidence-informed approach by identifying peer-reviewed disaster management publications from 1947 through July 2017. METHODS Peer-reviewed disaster management publications were identified using a comprehensive search of: MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA); CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services; Ipswich, Massachusetts USA); EMBASE (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands); PsychInfo (American Psychological Association; Washington DC, USA); and the Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Collaboration; Oxford, United Kingdom). RESULTS A total of 9,433 publications were identified. The publications were overwhelmingly descriptive (74%) while 18% of publications reported the use of a quantitative methodology and eight percent used qualitative methodologies. Only eight percent of these publications were classified as being high-level evidence. The publications were published in 918 multi-disciplinary journals. The journal Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine; Madison, Wisconsin USA) published the greatest number of disaster-management-related publications (9%). Hurricane Katrina (2005; Gulf Coast USA) had the greatest number of disaster-specific publications, followed by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania USA). Publications reporting on the application of objective evaluation tools or frameworks were growing in number. CONCLUSION The "science" of disaster management is spread across more than 900 different multi-disciplinary journals. The existing evidence-base is overwhelmingly descriptive and lacking in objective, post-disaster evaluations. SmithEC, BurkleFMJr, AitkenP, LeggattP. Seven decades of disasters: a systematic review of the literature. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):418-423.
Collapse
|
27
|
Khan Y, O'Sullivan T, Brown A, Tracey S, Gibson J, Généreux M, Henry B, Schwartz B. Public health emergency preparedness: a framework to promote resilience. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1344. [PMID: 30518348 PMCID: PMC6280369 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergencies and disasters impact population health. Despite the importance of upstream readiness, a persistent challenge for public health practitioners is defining what it means to be prepared. There is a knowledge gap in that existing frameworks lack consideration for complexity relevant to health systems and the emergency context. The objective of this study is to describe the essential elements of a resilient public health system and how the elements interact as a complex adaptive system. Methods This study used a qualitative design employing the Structured Interview Matrix facilitation technique in six focus groups across Canada. Focus group participants were practitioners from public health and related sectors. Data collection generated qualitative data on the essential elements, and interactions between elements, for a resilient public health system. Data analysis employed qualitative content analysis and the lens of complexity theory to account for the complex nature of public health emergency preparedness (PHEP). The unit of study was the local/regional public health agency. Ethics and values were considered in the development of the framework. Results A total of 130 participants attended the six focus groups. Urban, urban-rural and rural regions from across Canada participated and focus group size ranged from 15 to 33 across the six sites. Eleven elements emerged from the data; these included one cross-cutting element (Governance and leadership) and 10 distinct but interlinked elements. The essential elements define a conceptual framework for PHEP. The framework was refined to ensure practice and policy relevance for local/regional public health agencies; the framework has ethics and values at its core. Conclusions This framework describes the complexity of the system yet moves beyond description to use tenets of complexity to support building resilience. This applied public health framework for local/regional public health agencies is empirically-derived and theoretically-informed and represents a complex adaptive systems approach to upstream readiness for PHEP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6250-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Khan
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada. .,University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Tracey O'Sullivan
- University of Ottawa, 25 University Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adalsteinn Brown
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Shannon Tracey
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gibson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 754, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Mélissa Généreux
- Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, 300, rue King Est, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada
| | - Bonnie Henry
- Office of the Provincial Health Officer, Ministry of Health, PO Box 9648, Victoria, BC, V8W 9P4, Canada
| | - Brian Schwartz
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Documet PI, McDonough BL, Van Nostrand E. Engaging Stakeholders at Every Opportunity: The Experience of the Emergency Law Inventory. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:S394-S395. [PMID: 30260694 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Documet
- Patricia I. Documet is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Brianna L. McDonough is with the Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Elizabeth Van Nostrand is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Brianna L McDonough
- Patricia I. Documet is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Brianna L. McDonough is with the Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Elizabeth Van Nostrand is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Elizabeth Van Nostrand
- Patricia I. Documet is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Brianna L. McDonough is with the Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh. Elizabeth Van Nostrand is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Banwell N, Rutherford S, Mackey B, Chu C. Towards Improved Linkage of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Health: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E793. [PMID: 29670057 PMCID: PMC5923835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and climate-sensitive disasters significantly impact health. Linking Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) is essential for addressing these ever present, complex and increasing risks. Recent calls have been made to build these links in health. However, there is a need to clearly articulate why linking DRR and CCA is important in health. Furthermore, little is known about how DRR and CCA should be linked in health. By extensively examining relevant literature, this review presents the current state of knowledge of linking DRR and CCA in health. This includes the potential for maximising conceptual synergies such as building resilience, and reducing vulnerability and risk. Additionally, technical and operational synergies are identified to link DRR and CCA in health, including: policy, Early Warning Systems, vulnerability and risk assessment, health systems strengthening, infrastructure resilience, disaster preparedness and response, and health impact pathways. Public health actors have a central role in building these links due to their expertise, work functions, and experience in addressing complex health risks. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, including how to better link DRR and CCA in health; and the opportunities, challenges and enablers to build and sustain these links.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Banwell
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
| | - Brendan Mackey
- Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast City 4222, Australia.
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Myers CT, Schaefer N, Coudron A. Continuing competence assessment and maintenance in occupational therapy: Scoping review with stakeholder consultation. Aust Occup Ther J 2017; 64:486-500. [PMID: 28710787 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Continuing competence activities hold the promise of improving health-care service quality, especially given concerns about system inefficiencies and fragmentation. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the assessment and maintenance of occupational therapists' continuing competence and identify knowledge gaps for future research. A secondary aim was comparing scoping review findings with those from other health-care fields and considering possible impact of varying international regulations. METHODS A series of database searches retrieved peer-reviewed and grey literature on assessment and maintenance of occupational therapy continuing competence from 1995 to 2015. Themes were developed and findings shared with stakeholders, whose comments drove a second phase: searching for reviews related to continuing competence from allied health, medicine, and nursing, and reviewing websites and documents concerning regulatory requirements for occupational therapy continuing competence in seven English-speaking nations. RESULTS Twenty-seven sources from the scoping review search met inclusion criteria. Stakeholder consultation validated the themes and preliminary knowledge gaps. Research into other health-care specialties corresponded to findings from the scoping review. The website/document review of occupational therapy regulatory requirements revealed wide variation on both the state/province and national levels. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review highlights gaps in research on effective methods and assessment of occupational therapy continuing competence. Findings suggest a need for research on approaches to continuing competence that incorporate the translation of evidence to practice and address the influence of external factors. Regulatory agencies may address the quality of occupational therapy services by incorporating a variety of professional development options into requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Myers
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nancy Schaefer
- University of Florida Health Science Center Libraries, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley Coudron
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zika Virus Infection and the Flint, Michigan, Water Crisis: A Study in Surprising Commonalities. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2016; 10:181-2. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
32
|
Généreux M, Petit G, Maltais D, Roy M, Simard R, Boivin S, Shultz JM, Pinsonneault L. The public health response during and after the Lac-Mégantic train derailment tragedy: a case study. DISASTER HEALTH 2015; 2:113-120. [PMID: 28229006 DOI: 10.1080/21665044.2014.1103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
On July 6th 2013, a train derailment occurred in the small town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, Canada, causing a major human and environmental disaster. In this case study, we comprehensively describe and analyze actions taken by the Public Health Department of the Eastern Townships, in close collaboration with community-based organizations, during both the impact phase emergency response and the post-impact recovery operations that continued for months. Due to the complexity of the event, public health actions needed to be broadly diversified. Preventive measures targeted chemical, physical, biological, and psychosocial hazards in the short-, medium- and long-term. Our analyses yielded valuable lessons that will improve and inform our response to future events while serving as a basis for developing a conceptual framework for public health emergency preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Généreux
- Public Health Department; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; University Institute for Primary Health Care & Social Services; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Petit
- Public Health Department; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Maltais
- University Institute for Primary Health Care & Social Services; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Human and Social Sciences; Education Unit in Social Work; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- University Institute for Primary Health Care & Social Services; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Simard
- Public Health Department; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre ; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Boivin
- Public Health Department; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre ; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - James M Shultz
- Center for Disaster & Extreme Event Preparedness (DEEP Center); University of Miami Miller School of Medicine ; Miami, FL USA
| | - Linda Pinsonneault
- Public Health Department; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; University Institute for Primary Health Care & Social Services; Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|