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Ponnaiah M, Chadwick J, Mohan M, Bagepally BS, Muthappan S, Prabakaran N, Selvam J, Vasu H, Virumbi V, Bhatnagar A, Nair D, Chitra, Kumar PS, Viswanathan V, Krishnaraj K, Harisundari V, Selvavinayagam T, Ahamed D, Uma S, Kumar PS, Murhekar M. Process evaluation of a complex, multilevel, multicomponent scheme for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Tamil Nadu, India: A mixed-methods protocol. MethodsX 2024; 12:102739. [PMID: 38737485 PMCID: PMC11087990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India, necessitating development of multilevel and multicomponent interventions. Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam (MTM) is a complex multilevel, multicomponent intervention developed and implemented by the south Indian State of Tamil Nadu. The scheme aims to deliver services for preventing and controlling diabetes, and hypertension at doorstep. This paper describes the protocol for planning and conducting the process evaluation of the MTM scheme. Methods and analysis The process evaluation uses mixed methods (secondary data analysis, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, conceptual content analysis of documents, facility-based survey and non-participant observation) to evaluate the implementation of the MTM scheme. The broad evaluation questions addressed the fidelity, contexts, mechanisms of impact and challenges encountered by the scheme using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework. The specific evaluation questions addressed selected inputs and processes identified as critical to implementation by the stakeholders. The CFIR framework will guide the thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews to explore the adaptations and deviations introduced during implementation in various contexts. The quantitative data on the indicators developed for the specific evaluation questions will be cleaned and descriptively analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malu Mohan
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chitra
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vidhya Viswanathan
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Krishnaraj
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V.P. Harisundari
- Tamil Nadu Health System Reform Program, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T.S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Darez Ahamed
- National Health Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Uma
- Tamil Nadu Health System Reform Program, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Senthil Kumar
- Health and Family Welfare Department Secretariat, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoj Murhekar
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Tinner L, Kelly C, Caldwell D, Campbell R. Community mobilisation approaches to preventing adolescent multiple risk behaviour: a realist review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:75. [PMID: 38409098 PMCID: PMC10895861 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent multiple risk behaviour (MRB) is a global health issue. Most interventions have focused on the proximal causes of adolescent MRB such as peer or family influence, with systematic reviews reporting mixed evidence of effectiveness. There is increasing recognition that community mobilisation approaches could be beneficial for adolescent health. There are gaps in the current literature, theory and implementation that would benefit from a realist approach. We use a theory-driven evidence synthesis to assess how and why community mobilisation interventions work/do not work to prevent adolescent MRB and in what contexts. METHODS This realist review used a six-stage iterative process, guided by the RAMESES framework. We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Sociological Abstracts, from their inception to 2021. Studies were screened for relevance to the programme theory, assessed for rigour and included based on a priori criteria. Two independent reviewers selected, screened and extracted data from included studies. A realist logic of analysis was used to develop context-mechanism-outcome configurations that contributed to our programme theory. FINDINGS We reviewed 35 documents describing 22 separate community mobilisation intervention studies. Most studies (n = 17) had a quality assessment score of three or four (out of four). We analysed the studies in relation to three middle range theories. To uphold our theory that these interventions work by creating a social environment where adolescents are less likely to engage in MRB, interventions should: (1) embed a framework of guiding principles throughout the community, (2) establish community readiness with population data and (3) ensure a diverse coalition with the support of intervention champions. Mechanisms such as empowerment through coalition ownership over the delivery of the intervention, cohesion across the community and motivation to work collaboratively to improve adolescent health are triggered to achieve social environment shifts. However, certain contexts (e.g. limited funding) restrict intervention success as these mechanisms are not fired. CONCLUSIONS For community mobilisation interventions to reduce adolescent MRB, the coalitions within them must seek to alter the social environment in which these behaviours occur. Mechanisms including empowerment, cohesion and motivation lead to this shift, but only under certain contexts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020205342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tinner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK.
| | - Claire Kelly
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK
| | - Deborah Caldwell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK
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Akama EO, Beres LK, Kulzer JL, Ontuga G, Adhiambo H, Bushuru S, Nyagesoa E, Osoro J, Opondo I, Sang N, Oketch B, Nyanga J, Osongo CO, Nyandieka E, Ododa E, Omondi E, Ochieng F, Owino C, Odeny T, Kwena ZA, Eshun-Wilson I, Petersen M, Bukusi EA, Geng EH, Abuogi LL. A youth-centred approach to improving engagement in HIV services: human-centred design methods and outcomes in a research trial in Kisumu County, Kenya. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012606. [PMID: 38030226 PMCID: PMC10689376 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionInnovative interventions are needed to improve HIV outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with HIV. Engaging AYAs in intervention development could increase effectiveness and youth acceptance, yet research is limited. We applied human-centred design (HCD) to refine adherence-support interventions pretrial and assessed HCD workshop acceptability. METHODS We applied an iterative, four-phased HCD process in Kenya that included: (1) systematic review of extant knowledge, (2) prioritisation of design challenges, (3) a co-creation workshop and (4) translation tables to pair insights with trial intervention adaptations. The co-creation workshop was co-led by youth facilitators employing participatory activities to inform intervention adaptations. Iterative data analysis included rapid thematic analysis of visualised workshop outputs and notes using affinity mapping and dialogue to identify key themes. We conducted a survey to assess workshop acceptability among participants. RESULTS Twenty-two participants engaged in the 4-day workshop. Co-creation activities yielded recommendations for improving planned interventions (eg, message frequency and content; strategies to engage hard-to-reach participants), critical principles to employ across interventions (eg, personalisation, AYA empowerment) and identification of unanticipated AYA HIV treatment priorities (eg, drug holidays, transition from adolescent to adult services). We revised intervention content, peer navigator training materials and study inclusion criteria in response to findings. The youth-led HCD workshop was highly acceptable to participants. CONCLUSIONS Research employing HCD among youth can improve interventions preimplementation through empathy, youth-led inquiry and real-time problem solving. Peer navigation may be most influential in improving retention when engagement with young people is based on mutual trust, respect, privacy and extends beyond HIV-specific support. Identifying opportunities for personalisation and adaptation within intervention delivery is important for AYAs. Patient engagement interventions that target young people should prioritise improved transition between youth and adult services, youth HIV status disclosure, AYA empowerment and healthcare worker responsiveness in interactions and episodic adherence interruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliud Omondi Akama
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura K Beres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jayne Lewis Kulzer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gladys Ontuga
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harriet Adhiambo
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Bushuru
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edwin Nyagesoa
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Osoro
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaya Opondo
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Norton Sang
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bertha Oketch
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyanga
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cirilus Ogollah Osongo
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES) Clinic, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Nyandieka
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Ododa
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eunice Omondi
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Felix Ochieng
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clinton Owino
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas Odeny
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zachary Arochi Kwena
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ingrid Eshun-Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maya Petersen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bukusi
- Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elvin H Geng
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa L Abuogi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Zurc J, Laaksonen C. Effectiveness of Health Promotion Interventions in Primary Schools-A Mixed Methods Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1817. [PMID: 37444651 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
School-based health promotion interventions (HPIs) are commonly used in schools, but scientific evidence about the structures of effective interventions is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a mixed methods systematic literature review to recognize the HPI structures related to their effectiveness. Based on the inclusion criteria, 49 articles were selected for the literature review. The articles, published in 2011-2022, described 46 different school-based interventions conducted in 20 different countries. The average duration of the interventions was 12 months, and they were implemented mostly with an RCT study design (61.2%) and by targeting children (69.4%). Three main groups of interventions were identified and explained: (1) extensive and long-term interventions; (2) school policy-changing interventions; and (3) highly effective interventions. Effective school-based HPIs included multiple target groups, multiple providers with external experts, and an efficient duration and timing of follow-ups. The implications for educational research and school practice are presented. Evidence on the effectiveness of health-related interventions is still lacking and needs to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joca Zurc
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Camilla Laaksonen
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Jenkins CL, Wills J, Sykes S. Settings for the development of health literacy: A conceptual review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1105640. [PMID: 36875396 PMCID: PMC9978221 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in conceptualizing settings in health promotion include understanding settings as complex and interlinked systems with a core commitment to health and related outcomes such as health literacy. Traditional settings for the development of health literacy include health care environments and schools. There is a need to identify and conceptualize non-traditional and emerging settings of twenty-first-century everyday life. The aim of this conceptual review is to inform a conceptual model of a "non-traditional" setting for the development of health literacy. The model uses the example of the public library to propose four equity-focused antecedents required in a setting for the development of health literacy: the setting acknowledges the wider determinants of health, is open access, involves local communities in how it is run, and facilitates informed action for health. The review concludes that a settings approach to the development of health literacy can be conceptualized as part of a coordinated "supersetting approach," where multiple settings work in synergy with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Jenkins
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Wills
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susie Sykes
- Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Odukoya OO, Jeet G, Adebusoye B, Idowu O, Ogunsola FT, Okuyemi KS. Targeted faith-based and faith-placed interventions for noncommunicable disease prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:119. [PMID: 35690788 PMCID: PMC9188080 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately high burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) with severe socioeconomic consequences. Targeted interventions that are faith-based or take place in faith-based settings are historically viable for health promotion and disease prevention programmes. However, evidence of their effectiveness often comes from high-income countries. This paper outlines the protocol for the systematic review of faith-based and faith-placed interventions for NCDs in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of faith-based and faith-placed interventions or interventions within faith-based settings targeted at NCDs and/or their risk factors in LMICs. METHODS We will conduct a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, WHO Library, and grey literature to locate published and unpublished studies. We will consider quantitative studies that report on interventions (a) with faith-based components or that take place in faith-based settings (b) for the prevention and control of one or more of the top ten NCDs listed in the Global Burden of Disease or their known risk factors (c) occurring among adults aged 18 and above (d) that take place in one or more LMICs. We will screen the titles, abstracts, and full text of articles for eligibility. Included articles will be critically appraised for quality and the inclusion of faith-based components by at least two independent reviewers. Data extraction will be performed for study characteristics and findings. A meta-analysis will be used to synthesize the results; if impossible, a narrative synthesis will be performed. DISCUSSION This review will attempt to synthesize up-to-date evidence to guide effective decision-making, allocation of health resources, and the design of future trials to test the efficacy of NCD interventions in faith-based settings. The study will increase the understanding of the existing evidence, highlight the need for additional evidence, and guide possible directions for future collaborations between public health professionals and faith-based health service providers. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020186299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Gursimer Jeet
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Busola Adebusoye
- Lifespan and Population Health Academics Unit, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Idowu
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Kolawole S Okuyemi
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
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Dadaczynski K, Okan O, Messer M. [School health promotion in pandemic times. Results of the COVID-HL school principal study]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:758-767. [PMID: 35522312 PMCID: PMC9073822 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß Schulen Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention während der COVID-19-Pandemie umsetzen. Von besonderem Interesse sind hierbei Unterschiede nach demografischen Variablen, Schulform, Bundesland und die Beteiligung an Landesinitiativen der Gesundheitsförderung. Methodik Im Rahmen des COVID-Health-Literacy-Netzwerks wurde von März bis April 2021 eine Onlinestudie mit 2186 Schulleitungen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt. Der Umsetzungsstand der COVID-19-bezogenen schulischen Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention wurde mittels eines eigenentwickelten Instruments untersucht. Nach Analyse der faktoriellen Struktur des Instruments erfolgten uni- und bivariate Auswertungen. Ergebnisse Es lassen sich 3 Dimensionen des Umsetzungsstandes der schulischen Gesundheitsförderung identifizieren (1. COVID-19-bezogene Unterstützung der Schüler*innen, 2. Gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung von Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen, 3. Prinzipien der Gesundheitsfördernden Schule). Eine geringe Umsetzung liegt für Aspekte der Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen sowie für Partizipation und die Kooperation mit schulexternen Akteuren vor. Signifikante Unterschiede des Umsetzungsstands ergeben sich zugunsten von weiblichen und älteren Schulleitungen sowie Grundschulen. Außerdem zeigen sich nicht homogene Unterschiede nach Bundesland. Differenziert nach Teilnahme an einem Landesprogramm findet sich lediglich für Schulen mit Zertifikat im Bereich Gesundheitsförderung ein höherer Umsetzungsstand. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie für Schulen ein disruptives Ereignis darstellt, welches die Umsetzung schulischer Gesundheitsförderung erschwert. Vor allem gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsbedingungen, Partizipation und Kooperation sollten in den Fokus genommen werden. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-022-03535-w) enthalten
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dadaczynski
- Fachbereich für Pflege und Gesundheit, Hochschule Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36037, Fulda, Deutschland. .,Public Health Zentrum (PHZF), Hochschule Fulda, Fulda, Deutschland. .,Zentrum für Angewandte Gesundheitswissenschaften, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Deutschland.
| | - Orkan Okan
- Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Melanie Messer
- Abteilung Pflegewissenschaft II, Universität Trier, Trier, Deutschland
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Browne S, Barron C, Staines A, Sweeney MR. 'We know what we should eat but we don't …': a qualitative study in Irish secondary schools. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:984-993. [PMID: 31539048 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy eating opportunities for young people need to be provided in the school setting. Links between formal education and local policies and practices, and active involvement of students are emphasized in whole school approaches to health promotion. In many jurisdictions, schools struggle to provide nutritious food that is acceptable to students. The aim of this study was to conduct an in-depth exploration of school food and students' food choice with students, teachers and principals in six Irish secondary schools. Students conducted their own focus groups with peers, and a researcher conducted focus groups with teachers and one-to-one interviews with principals. Students, teachers and principals expressed dissatisfaction with food provision within their respective schools and reported unhealthy dietary behaviours among the student body as the norm. Divergent views, however, emerged regarding education, knowledge and the primary drivers of food choice. Teachers and principals saw a role for more education modules and students believed environmental infrastructures, practices and policies needed to be addressed to improve behaviours. This consultation with students, teachers and principals highlight that, in addition to education, the social and environmental aspects of food choice and eating at school deserve attention in future research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Browne
- School Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carol Barron
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy & Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy & Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Rose Sweeney
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy & Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Eustachio Colombo P, Elinder LS, Patterson E, Parlesak A, Lindroos AK, Andermo S. Barriers and facilitators to successful implementation of sustainable school meals: a qualitative study of the OPTIMAT™-intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:89. [PMID: 34217304 PMCID: PMC8254978 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to align human diets with goals for environmental sustainability and population health. The OPTIMAT™-intervention study was developed to implement and evaluate a nutritionally adequate and climate-friendly 4-week lunch menu in Swedish primary schools. This study aimed to explore pupils’ and kitchen staff’s experiences of the intervention and to identify barriers and facilitators to successful implementation of sustainable school meals. Methods An inductive manifest qualitative method was used. Nine focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted, six with pupils in grades 5 (ages 10–11) and 8 (ages 14–15) (n = 29) and three with kitchen staff (n = 13). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Five main categories and 11 subcategories at a manifest level emerged. The five main categories were: 1) Experiences with the new menu, unfolding variations in how the new menu was received and kitchen staff’s experiences of working with it; 2) The meaning of diet sustainability, comprising pupils’ and kitchen staff’s perceptions about diet sustainability as a concept and part of their everyday lives; 3) Factors influencing plant-based food acceptance, covering aspects such as the influence of sensory factors, habits and peer pressure; 4) Opportunities to increase plant-based eating, including factors related to pupils’ and kitchen staff’s ideas for how to increase plant-based food acceptance; and 5) Need for a supportive environment to achieve dietary change, comprising pupils’ and kitchen staff’s thoughts on the importance of more knowledge, resources and involvement of stakeholders to eat more plant-based meals in schools. Conclusions Successful implementation of sustainable school meals would require more knowledge among pupils and kitchen staff. Staff also need more training in cooking of sustainable meals. Barriers among pupils could be tackled by introducing new plant-based meals more gradually and by more carefully considering the seasoning, naming and aesthetics of dishes. An increased leadership support for change and involvement of stakeholders from multiple levels within society will be key in the transition to sustainable school meals at scale. Trial registration The trial registration for the OPTIMAT™-intervention may be found at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04168632 Fostering Healthy and Sustainable Diets Through School Meals (OPTIMAT)). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01158-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Eustachio Colombo
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,, Solnavägen 1E, 11365, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Liselotte Schäfer Elinder
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Patterson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Food Agency, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandr Parlesak
- Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University, 74076, Heilbronn, Germany.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Karin Lindroos
- The Swedish Food Agency, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Andermo
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Adolescent Participation in Research, Policies and Guidelines for Chronic Disease Prevention: A Scoping Review Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218257. [PMID: 33182256 PMCID: PMC7664940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents (10–24 years old) account for 23% of the global population. Physical inactivity, suboptimal dietary intake, overweight, and obesity during adolescence are risk factors associated with chronic disease development into adulthood. Research, policies, and guidelines that seek to prevent chronic disease risk factor development rarely engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes. The aims of this review are to investigate (i) how adolescents currently participate in research, policy, and guidelines for reduction of chronic disease risk factors, and (ii) provide recommendations to optimize adolescent participation in future research, policy, and guideline decision making for chronic disease prevention. A systematic scoping review of the health peer-review research, policy, and guidelines, using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework, will be conducted. Participatory outcomes will be assessed based on the Lansdown-UNICEF conceptual framework for measuring adolescent participation. Classified as consultative, collaborative, or adolescent-led according to the degree of influence and power adolescents possess in the decision- making processes. Consultation with adolescents via digital surveys and focus groups will provide further information, perspective, and insight. Qualitative data will be analyzed by descriptive numerical summary and qualitative content analytical techniques. The title of this protocol is registered with Joanna Briggs Institute and Open Science Framework, doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/E3S64.
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Lee A, Lo A, Li Q, Keung V, Kwong A. Health Promoting Schools: An Update. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2020; 18:605-623. [PMID: 32291699 PMCID: PMC7156290 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-020-00575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a Health Promoting School has been found to be effective to improve health and well-being of students as well as a help with teaching and learning in school. Effective implementation of Health Promoting School is a complex intervention involving multi-factorial and innovative activity in many domains such as curriculum, school environment and community. Many studies evaluating Health Promoting School do not include outcomes reflecting the organisational or structural change as many of those studies are quantitative in nature and the statistical assumptions are not valid reflecting the organisational structure changes. Recent global meetings of experts have reviewed the impact on student health from the perspectives of school environment, school policies on health, action competencies on healthy living and community linkage. The English Wessex Healthy School Award Scheme and the Hong Kong Healthy School Awards Scheme have developed detailed systems to analyse whether each individual school has reached the standard of a model Health Promoting School reflecting a more holistic appreciation and understanding of all the effects of school-based health promotion with positive award-related changes. However, not many schools are able to implement Health Promoting School in its entirety, so cores indicators are needed as a starting point for wider implementation. Hong Kong Healthy School Awards Scheme is still ongoing with data for analysis of indicators with significant correlation with better health and well-being. We identified the core indicators and substantiated the requirements for successful outcomes by supplementing the established award-scheme framework with a review of recent literature and documents. Framework of Health Promoting School would go beyond improvement of health literacy to enable a more efficient system for education and health on children, hence a good investment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lee
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th Floor, Lek Yuen Health Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong.
- JC School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Amelia Lo
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th Floor, Lek Yuen Health Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong
| | - Queenie Li
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th Floor, Lek Yuen Health Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong
| | - Vera Keung
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th Floor, Lek Yuen Health Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong
| | - Amy Kwong
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th Floor, Lek Yuen Health Centre, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong
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Galy O, Yacef K, Caillaud C. Improving Pacific Adolescents' Physical Activity Toward International Recommendations: Exploratory Study of a Digital Education App Coupled With Activity Trackers. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14854. [PMID: 31825319 PMCID: PMC6931053 DOI: 10.2196/14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has dramatically increased in the Pacific Island countries and territories over the last decade. Childhood overweight and obesity not only have short-term consequences but are also likely to lead to noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. A major factor contributing to the rising prevalence is an insufficient amount of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In the Pacific region, less than 50% of children and adolescents meet the international recommendations of 11,000 steps and 60 min of MVPA per day. Although studies have shown the potential of digital technologies to change behaviors, none has been proposed to guide adolescents toward achieving these recommendations. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (1) to investigate whether a technology-based educational program that combines education, objective measures of physical activity (PA), and self-assessment of goal achievement would be well received by Pacific adolescents and help change their PA behaviors toward the international PA recommendations and (2) to create more insightful data analysis methods to better understand PA behavior change. METHODS A total of 24 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years, participated in a 4-week program comprising 8 1-hour modules designed to develop health literacy and physical skills. This self-paced user-centered program was delivered via an app and provided health-related learning content as well as goal setting and self-assessment tasks. PA performed during the 4-week program was captured by an activity tracker to support learning and help the adolescents self-assess their achievements against personal goals. The data were analyzed using a consistency rate and daily behavior clustering to reveal any PA changes, particularly regarding adherence to international recommendations. RESULTS The consistency rate of daily steps revealed that the adolescents reached 11,000 steps per day 48% (approximately 3.4 days per week) of the time in the first week of the program, and this peaked at 59% (approximately 4.1 days per week) toward the end of the program. PA data showed an overall increase during the program, particularly in the less active adolescents, who increased their daily steps by 15% and ultimately reached 11,000 steps more frequently. The consistency of daily behavior clustering showed a 27% increase in adherence to international recommendations in the least active adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Technology-supported educational programs that include self-monitored PA via activity trackers can be successfully delivered to adolescents in schools in remote Pacific areas. New data mining techniques enable innovative analyses of PA engagement based on the international recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, The University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Kalina Yacef
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Corinne Caillaud
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Guan A, Lichtensztajn D, Oh D, Jain J, Tao L, Hiatt RA, Gomez SL, Fejerman L. Breast Cancer in San Francisco: Disentangling Disparities at the Neighborhood Level. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1968-1976. [PMID: 31548180 PMCID: PMC6891202 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study uses a novel geographic approach to summarize the distribution of breast cancer in San Francisco and aims to identify the neighborhoods and racial/ethnic groups that are disproportionately affected by this disease. METHODS Nine geographic groupings were newly defined on the basis of racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Distribution of breast cancer cases from the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry in these zones were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine neighborhood associations with stage IIB+ breast cancer at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 5,595 invasive primary breast cancers were diagnosed between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. We found neighborhood and racial/ethnic differences in stage of diagnosis, molecular subtype, survival, and mortality. Patients in the Southeast (Bayview/Hunter's Point) and Northeast (Downtown, Civic Center, Chinatown, Nob Hill, Western Addition) areas were more likely to have stage IIB+ breast cancer at diagnosis, and those in the East (North Beach, Financial District, South of Market, Mission Bay, Potrero Hill) and Southeast were more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, Blacks/African Americans (B/AA) experienced the greatest disparities in breast cancer-related outcomes across geographic areas. CONCLUSIONS San Francisco neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status and larger minority populations experience worse breast cancer outcomes. IMPACT Our findings, which reveal breast cancer disparities at sub-county geographic levels, have implications for population-level health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daphne Lichtensztajn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Debora Oh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Jain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert A Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Timpel P, Harst L, Reifegerste D, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Schwarz PEH. What should governments be doing to prevent diabetes throughout the life course? Diabetologia 2019; 62:1842-1853. [PMID: 31451873 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Health systems and governments are increasingly required to implement measures that target at-risk populations to prevent noncommunicable diseases. In this review we lay out what governments should be doing to prevent diabetes throughout the life course. The following four target groups were used to structure the specific recommendations: (1) pregnant women and young families, (2) children and adolescents, (3) working age population, and (4) the elderly. The evidence to date supports the effectiveness of some known government policy measures, such as sugar taxes and regulatory measures in the (pre-)school setting for children and adolescents. Many of these appear to be more effective if they are part of a bundle of strategies and if they are supplemented by communication strategies. Although there is a current focus on strategies that target the individual, governments can make use of evidence-based population-level prevention strategies. More research and continuous evaluation of the overall and subgroup-specific effectiveness of policy strategies using high-quality longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Timpel
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Harst
- Research Association Public Health Saxony/Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Doreen Reifegerste
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Tackling the Consumption of High Sugar Products among Children and Adolescents in the Pacific Islands: Implications for Future Research. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6030081. [PMID: 30002327 PMCID: PMC6163880 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pacific Islands are experiencing an obesity epidemic with a rate of overweight and obesity as high as 80% among adults in some Pacific Island nations. Children and adolescents in the region are also affected by overweight and obesity, which is alarming due to the increased likelihood of remaining overweight as an adult. Research supports an association between poor diet and an increased risk of obesity and development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Excess consumption of free sugars is associated with poorer overall diet quality and increased risk of weight gain, chronic inflammation and dental caries. Traditional diets in the Pacific Islands are being supplemented with processed, high-sugar foods and beverages; thus, there is a clear need for effective interventions promoting positive dietary behaviors in the region. School and community based interventions offer an opportunity to promote positive behavior change among children and adolescents. This review aims to evaluate interventions targeting the consumption of high-sugar products in this population in the Pacific Islands.
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Darlington EJ, Violon N, Jourdan D. Implementation of health promotion programmes in schools: an approach to understand the influence of contextual factors on the process? BMC Public Health 2018; 18:163. [PMID: 29357922 PMCID: PMC5776776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementing complex and multi-level public health programmes is challenging in school settings. Discrepancies between expected and actual programme outcomes are often reported. Such discrepancies are due to complex interactions between contextual factors. Contextual factors relate to the setting, the community, in which implementation occurs, the stakeholders involved, and the characteristics of the programme itself. This work uses realist evaluation to understand how contextual factors influence the implementation process, to result in variable programme outcomes. This study focuses on identifying contextual factors, pinpointing combinations of contextual factors, and understanding interactions and effects of such factors and combinations on programme outcomes on different levels of the implementation process. METHODS Schools which had participated in a school-based health promotion programme between 2012 and 2015 were included. Two sets of qualitative data were collected: semi-structured interviews with school staff and programme coordinators; and written documents about the actions implemented in a selection of four schools. Quantitative data included 1553 questionnaires targeting pupils aged 8 to 11 in 14 schools to describe the different school contexts. RESULTS The comparison between what was expected from the programme (programme theory) and the outcomes identified in the field data, showed that some of the mechanisms expected to support the implementation of the programme, did not operate as anticipated (e.g. inclusion of training, initiation by decision-maker). Key factors which influenced the implementation process included, amongst other factors, the mode of introduction of the programme, home/school relationship, leadership of the management team, and the level of delegated power. Five types of interactions between contextual factors were put forward: enabling, hindering, neutral, counterbalancing and moderating effects. Recurrent combinations of factors were identified. Implementation was more challenging in vulnerable schools where school climate was poor. CONCLUSION A single programme cannot be suited or introduced in the same manner in every context. However, key recurrent combinations of contextual factors could contribute to the design of implementation patterns, which could provide guidelines and recommendation for grass-root programme implementation.
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