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Rosa M, Scassellati C, Cattaneo A. Association of childhood trauma with cognitive domains in adult patients with mental disorders and in non-clinical populations: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1156415. [PMID: 37425159 PMCID: PMC10327487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between cognitive performances and the onset of psychiatric disorders has been widely investigated, limited research on the role of childhood trauma or early life stress (CT/ELS), and whether this role differs between clinical and non-clinical cohorts is available. This systematic review aims at filling this gap, testing whether the occurrence of CT/ELS and its subtypes are associated with cognitive domains (general cognitive ability, executive functions, working memory, attention, processing speed, verbal/visual memory) in patients with psychiatric disorders and in non-clinical populations. This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment. The search was performed until May 2022. Seventy-four studies were classified as eligible. The graphical representations of the results reported an association between exposure to CT/ELS and worse general cognitive ability, verbal/visual memory, processing speed and attention in patients affected by anxiety, mood and psychotic disorders, and that specific CT/ELS subtypes (physical neglect, physical/sexual abuse) can differentially influence specific cognitive abilities (executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal/visual memory). In non-clinical cohorts we found associations between CT/ELS exposure and impairments in executive functions, processing speed and working memory, while physical neglect was related to general cognitive ability and working memory. Concerning the emotional abuse/neglect subtypes in both populations, the results indicated their involvement in cognitive functioning; however, the few studies conducted are not enough to reach definitive conclusions. These findings suggest an association of CT/ELS with specific cognitive deficits and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Agung FH, Devaera Y, Medise BE, Jamarin V, Abidin FA, Sanci LA, Sawyer SM. A Qualitative Exploration of Parenting Adolescents in Indonesia. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:878-887. [PMID: 36947389 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how parents of Indonesian adolescents conceptualize adolescence and to identify the challenges faced in parenting adolescents, focusing on parents from different sociodemographic backgrounds. METHOD Focus group discussions (FGD) were undertaken with parents of adolescents aged 10-18 years old from different sociodemographic backgrounds (urban high socioeconomic; urban low socioeconomic; rural low socioeconomic) using a semi-structured interview guide. Content and thematic analysis were assisted by Nvivo version 12.6.0. RESULTS Forty-three parents participated in four FGD. All parents recognized that adolescence was a distinct developmental stage, reflected in changing behaviors, escalation of peer influences and sexual development. Parents from poor, rural backgrounds had relatively limited understanding of the emerging capabilities of adolescents and had a narrow repertoire of responses to challenging behaviors, with heavy reliance on religious rules and punishment. Parents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds displayed a wider range of warmer, more engaging approaches that they reported using to shape their children's behaviors. CONCLUSION FOR PRACTICE These findings highlight opportunities to enhance parenting skills, which appear most warranted in parents of adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. Embedding basic adolescent parenting information within community programs appears indicated, and enhancing religious leaders' understanding of different approaches to parenting could be helpful in more religious communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransisca Handy Agung
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.20, Bencongan, Kelapa Dua, Tangerang, 15810, Banten, Indonesia.
| | - Yoga Devaera
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-RSCM, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-RSCM, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vini Jamarin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-RSCM, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta Pusat, 10430, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Ariyanti Abidin
- Center for Family Life and Parenting Studies, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjajaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Lena A Sanci
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Level 3, 780 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Van Minh H, Khuong DQL, Tran TA, Do HP, Watson F, Lobstein T. Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Vietnam: A Landscape Analysis of the Extent and Risk Factors. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2023. [PMCID: PMC9947684 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Tackling childhood overweight and obesity is critical not only to improve the health and well-being of children and adolescents, but also for entire populations and future generations. This paper provides the latest evidence on the extent of, and risk factors for, childhood overweight and obesity in Vietnam. The landscape analysis tool developed by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) was used. A search for peer-reviewed articles in English on online databases was undertaken. Peer-reviewed Vietnamese articles were also retrieved from a range of sources. The prevalence of overweight among children aged under 5 years increased from 5.6% in 2010 to 7.4% in 2019. For overweight and obesity among children aged 5 to 19 years, prevalence rose from 8.5% and 2.5% in 2010 to 19% and 8.1% in 2020, respectively. Maternal malnutrition, gestational diabetes during pregnancy, and inadequate infant and young child feeding practices are all risk factors for early childhood overweight. Unhealthy diets, insufficient physical activity, and lack of sleep are among the risk factors for overweight and obesity among school aged children and adolescents. The prevention of overweight and obesity among Vietnamese children requires a whole-of-government, cross-sectoral approach to addresses the obesogenic environment that is negatively influencing the nutrition of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Phuong Do
- UNICEF, Nutrition Section, Vietnam Country Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fiona Watson
- UNICEF, Nutrition Section, East Asia and Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, London, UK
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chen Q, Lo CKM, Chen M, Chan KL, Ip P. The Occurrence and Co-Occurrence of Harsh Parenting and Family Conflict in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16199. [PMID: 36498275 PMCID: PMC9740018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The violation of children's right to a safe home environment is a major public health problem in need of serious attention. Evidence has been limited about the family characteristics that go with the co-occurrence of harsh parenting and family conflict. By using a representative community sample of Hong Kong families, this study aims to examine the prevalence and risk factors of harsh parenting and family conflict. This study was conducted using a secondary analysis obtained from the 2017 Hong Kong Family Survey with a sample size of 1926 respondents who have children. Results showed that participants' ages are negatively related to the occurrence and co-occurrence of harsh parenting and/or family conflict. Married mothers reported less family conflict. Fathers with lower education levels reported more experiences of family violence. Mothers reporting a higher level of family satisfaction were less associated with harsh parenting. This study provides insights into the unique and shared familial elements that prevent harsh parenting and family conflict and help facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies for family violence co-occurrence. Family-based prevention for family violence may screen for the presence of harsh parenting and family conflict and take into consideration these signals to better support families in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Camilla Kin Ming Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Mengtong Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Wickramasinghe A, Essén B, Ziaei S, Surenthirakumaran R, Axemo P. Ragging, a Form of University Violence in Sri Lanka-Prevalence, Self-Perceived Health Consequences, Help-Seeking Behavior and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148383. [PMID: 35886237 PMCID: PMC9318855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ragging is an initiation ritual practiced in Sri Lankan universities for generations, although research is scarce. This practice has several adverse consequences such as physical, psychological, and behavioral effects and increased university dropouts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different types of ragging: emotional/verbal, physical and sexual ragging, self-perceived health consequences, help-seeking behavior, and factors associated with the experience of ragging. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 623, second- and third-year students from the medical, and technology faculties in Jaffna University. Bivariate associations were assessed using chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with any type of ragging. Ragging was experienced by 59% of the students, emotional/verbal ragging being the most common. A total of 54% of students suffered one or more health consequences and mainly sought help from friends and family, with few seeking formal help. Factors associated with any type of ragging were faculty and year of study. This study emphasizes the urgent need to address this public health problem. It is important that there are adequate student support services, planning and implementation of effective interventions, as well as ensuring that existing policies are strengthened, to reduce or eliminate ragging in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanthi Wickramasinghe
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit (IMCH), Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (B.E.); (S.Z.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+46-725646591
| | - Birgitta Essén
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit (IMCH), Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (B.E.); (S.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Shirin Ziaei
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit (IMCH), Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (B.E.); (S.Z.); (P.A.)
| | - Rajendra Surenthirakumaran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - Pia Axemo
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit (IMCH), Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (B.E.); (S.Z.); (P.A.)
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Anderson KM, Bergenfeld I, Cheong YF, Minh TH, Yount KM. Childhood maltreatment class and sexually violent behavior among university men in Vietnam. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101103. [PMID: 35698483 PMCID: PMC9187524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual violence against women remains a global public health problem, with Southeast Asia having among the highest rates of violence victimization globally. Exposure to violence in adolescence--a highly prevalent experience in Vietnam--is associated with later perpetration of violence against others. However, childhood maltreatment as a latent construct is understudied, with most analyses focusing on theoretical categories, potentially missing key patterns of victimization, particularly poly-victimization. Poor understanding of these experience limits researchers' ability to predict and intervene upon cyclical perpetration of violence. This study aims to identify latent classes of childhood maltreatment, and to test associations between class membership and sexually violent behavior during the first 12 months of university in a sample of Vietnamese men. Methods and findings Heterosexual and bisexual men aged 18-24 matriculating into two universities in Hanoi were recruited for the randomized controlled trial of GlobalConsent, a six-module online sexual-violence prevention program. Participants (N = 793) completed a baseline survey, were randomized 1:1 to GlobalConsent or attention control, and were invited to complete post-test surveys at six-months post-baseline and 12-months post-baseline. Validated scales were employed to assess childhood maltreatment and past-six-month sexually violent behavior at each post-test. Latent class analysis identified four classes of childhood maltreatment: Limited-to-no, physical, physical and emotional, and poly-victimization. Associations between childhood maltreatment class and sexually violent behavior demonstrate a threshold effect, wherein poly-victimized men were significantly more likely than men in other classes to have engaged in sexually violent behavior during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusions There is a vital need for screening and intervention with men who have experienced childhood maltreatment in Vietnam to prevent future violence perpetration. Education is needed to break the cycle of violence intergenerationally and in romantic relationships by changing harmful norms around men's sexual privilege and the normalization of childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Irina Bergenfeld
- Hubert Department of Global Health and Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuk Fai Cheong
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tran Hung Minh
- Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population, 48, 251/8 Nguyen Khang str, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Kathryn M. Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health and Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Kobulsky JM, Yoon D, Villodas MT, Schuler BR, Wildfeuer R, Reyes JN. Neglect, Abuse, and Adaptive Functioning: Food Security and Housing Stability as Protective Factors for Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030390. [PMID: 35327762 PMCID: PMC8946869 DOI: 10.3390/children9030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in knowledge of protective factors that support adaptive functioning among maltreated adolescents. The sample included 1003 high-risk youths participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (53% female, 56% Black, and 82% living in poverty). Adolescent neglect (Exposure to Risky Situations, Lack of Monitoring, Inattention to Basic Needs, Permitting Misbehavior, Lack of Support) and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse were self-reported at age 16. Age 18 adaptive functioning measures included healthcare receipt (medical, dental, and mental health), self-rated global health, high school graduation or enrollment, prosocial activities, peer relationships (Companionship, Conflict, Satisfaction, and Intimacy), and independent living skills. Previous childhood maltreatment, demographics, and earlier prosocial activities and peer relationships were controls. Structural equation modeling showed that adolescent neglect and abuse were associated with lower adaptive functioning. Multigroup models showed protective effects for food security on the relationships between sexual abuse and self-rated health and between Inadequate Monitoring and Companionship. Housing stability buffered relationships between Inadequate Support and high school graduation or enrollment and between Permitting Misbehavior and independent living skills. Findings imply the need for adolescent-focused prevention, including the promotion of food security and housing stability to support adaptive functioning in maltreated adolescents. However, notable mixed findings show the need for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-204-2843
| | - Dalhee Yoon
- Department of Social Work, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Miguel T. Villodas
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Brittany R. Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Rachel Wildfeuer
- Department of Sociology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - José N. Reyes
- Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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Craig F, Mascheroni E, Giorda R, Felline MG, Bacco MG, Castagna A, Tenuta F, Villa M, Costabile A, Trabacca A, Montirosso R. Exploring the Contribution of Proximal Family Risk Factors on SLC6A4 DNA Methylation in Children with a History of Maltreatment: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312736. [PMID: 34886461 PMCID: PMC8657512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of proximal family risk factors have been associated with a high number of adverse outcomes in childhood maltreatment, and DNA methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with child maltreatment. However, the relationships between proximal family risk factors and SLC6A4 methylation remains unexplored. We examined the association among cumulative family risk factors, maltreatment experiences and DNA methylation in the SLC6A4 gene in a sample of 33 child victims of maltreatment. We computed a cumulative family risk (CFR) index that included proximal family risk factors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, psychopathology, parents’ experiences of maltreatment/abuse in childhood, criminal history, and domestic violence. The majority of children (90.9%) experienced more than one type of maltreatment. Hierarchical regression models suggested that the higher the CFR index score and the number of maltreatment experiences, and the older the children, the higher the SLC6A4 DNA methylation levels. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that, along with childhood maltreatment experiences per se, cumulative proximal family risk factors are seemingly critically associated with DNA methylation at the SLC6A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Craig
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Eleonora Mascheroni
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Felline
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bacco
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Annalisa Castagna
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Flaviana Tenuta
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (R.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (F.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Trabacca
- Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (R.M.)
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Sun X. Child Maltreatment and Quality of Life Among Urban Chinese Children. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP13077-NP13093. [PMID: 32046571 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is an international public health problem. The aftermath can appear in multiple aspects of individual health and development, including decreased physical and emotional function, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide attempts. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the quality of life of maltreated children. This study aims to examine the association between children's maltreatment experience and their quality of life. This study employed a cross-sectional design and surveyed 1,093 primary school children (including migrant children and nonmigrant children) in Shanghai, China. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC) and Pediatrics Quality of Life Inventory were used to measure children's experiences of child maltreatment and their quality of life. Corporal punishment (89.47%) was the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, followed by physical assault (80.21%), psychological abuse (65.00%), and neglect (52.26%). Children's migration status was not associated with their quality of life; however, social capital factors were all associated with increased levels of quality of life. Children's victimization experience, including severe to very severe physical assault (β = -3.34/-3.80, p < .001), psychological assault (β = -3.74, p < .001), corporal punishment (β = -2.46, p < .01), and neglect (β = -4.31, p < .001), was associated with their decreased quality of life. The results show that child maltreatment threatens the quality of life of children. There is a need for developing effective interventions to prevent child maltreatment and reduce the adverse outcomes among children with maltreatment experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Sun
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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10
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Johnson D, Policelli J, Li M, Dharamsi A, Hu Q, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA, Wade M. Associations of Early-Life Threat and Deprivation With Executive Functioning in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e212511. [PMID: 34309651 PMCID: PMC8314173 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Many studies have demonstrated an association between early-life adversity (ELA) and executive functioning in children and adolescents. However, the aggregate magnitude of this association is unknown in the context of threat and deprivation types of adversity and various executive functioning domains. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that experiences of deprivation are more strongly associated with reduced executive functioning compared with experiences of threat during childhood and adolescence. DATA SOURCES Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. Both forward and reverse snowball citation searches were performed to identify additional articles. STUDY SELECTION Articles were selected for inclusion if they (1) had a child and/or adolescent sample, (2) included measures of ELA, (3) measured executive functioning, (4) evaluated the association between adversity and executive functioning, (5) were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and (6) were published in the English language. No temporal or geographic limits were set. A 2-reviewer, blinded screening process was conducted. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS PRISMA guidelines were used to guide data extraction and article diagnostics (for heterogeneity, small study bias, and p-hacking). Article quality was assessed, and data extraction was performed by multiple independent observers. A 3-level meta-analytic model with a restricted maximum likelihood method was used. Moderator analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes included measures of the 3 domains of executive functioning: cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory. RESULTS A total of 91 articles were included, representing 82 unique cohorts and 31 188 unique individuals. Deprivation, compared with threat, was associated with significantly lower inhibitory control (F1,90 = 5.69; P = .02) and working memory (F1,54 = 5.78; P = .02). No significant difference was observed for cognitive flexibility (F1,36 = 2.38; P = .12). The pooled effect size of the association of inhibitory control with deprivation was stronger (Hedges g = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.29) compared with threat (Hedges g = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.08). The pooled effect size of the association of working memory with deprivation was stronger (Hedges g = -0.54; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.33) compared with threat (Hedges g = -0.28; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Experiences of both threat and deprivation in childhood and adolescence were associated with reduced executive functioning, but the association was stronger for exposure to deprivation. Efforts to address the consequences of ELA for development should consider the associations between specific dimensions of adversity and specific developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Johnson
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Policelli
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Li
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyna Dharamsi
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qiaochu Hu
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Greenfield B, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Brown M, Kandiyoti A, Henry M, Sasson T, Ahmadi S, Vivani T, Harnden B, de Castro F, Tran B, Boodaghians L, Weiss M, Atsaidis Z, Wazana A. Frequent follow-up of suicidal youth assessed in the emergency room: Long-term trajectory and predictors of suicidality. Prev Med 2021; 152:106737. [PMID: 34538378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suicide was the second‑leading cause of US deaths in 2018 among 15-24-year-olds. Suicide attempts, a risk factor for completions, and suicide ideation have doubled among pediatric emergency room (ER) patients during the past decade. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), a comorbid condition, has a 10% suicide rate. We examined the 4-year outcome of a cohort of suicidal adolescents, many also suffering from BPD and having undergone some form of treatment, to identify baseline factors which could inform intervention that would minimize suicidality 4 years post-discharge. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of suicidality at twelve points (four assessment occasions) for 286 suicidal youth presenting to a pediatric ER, most suffering from BPD, with 36 suicide ratings from baseline to 2-, 6- and 48-month follow-up evaluations. We examined the trajectory and predictors of persisting suicidality. RESULTS Suicidality rapidly decreased within 2 months post-ER-discharge, subsequently remaining low throughout 48 months. Baseline functioning, female sex, stressful life events and BPD impulsiveness were most predictive of persisting suicidality at 48-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Most suicidal youth, many meeting BPD criteria, no longer feel suicidal 2 months after ER discharge. Management of participants' baseline poor functioning stressful life events and the impulsiveness component of BPD specifically in females could impact suicidality 4 years later, and guide treatment options. The absence of the BPD cognitive and affective subscales as predictors of suicidality at 4-year follow-up may reflect treatment received. Further investigation of treatment effects is warranted and under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Greenfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau
- Mila, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Brown
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alegra Kandiyoti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Tania Sasson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tania Vivani
- Department of Psychology, Universite de Quebec a Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bonnie Harnden
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brian Tran
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Levon Boodaghians
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Weiss
- Child Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Atsaidis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashley Wazana
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Pham TS, Qi H, Chen D, Chen H, Fan F. Prevalences of and correlations between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal behavior among institutionalized adolescents in Vietnam. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 115:105022. [PMID: 33677169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence rates of childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and suicidal behaviors among Vietnamese adolescents and compared the differences between institutionalized adolescents (IAs) and noninstitutionalized adolescents (NIAs). In addition, we examined the multidimensional associations between childhood trauma and psychopathology among IAs. METHODS Five hundred forty-six participants were recruited into two groups (IAs and NIAs) matched by age, sex and grade. They completed a childhood trauma questionnaire, depression scale, anxiety scale, and 3 suicide-related questions. The chi-squared test and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The prevalences of anxiety symptoms and suicide attempts among IAs was higher than that among NIAs (25.6 % vs 14.7 %, p = 0.001 and 8.1 vs 3.7, p = 0.03, respectively), while the prevalences of other psychopathologies did not differ significantly. In the IA group, high prevalences of victimization through physical abuse (22.3 %), emotional neglect (57.9 %), and physical neglect (72.9 %) were found, and 58.6 % of the participants had experienced more than one type of trauma. These figures were significantly higher in IAs than in NIAs. Depression and suicidal ideation were more strongly correlated with emotional abuse and neglect than other types of maltreatment, while anxiety, suicide planning and suicide attempts were more strongly correlated with physical abuse. IAs who experienced more than two categories of trauma or greater intensity of trauma were more susceptible to developing depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma was multidimensionally associated with adverse psychological outcomes. We suggest that various aspects of childhood trauma, as well as psychopathologies, must be routinely assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Sy Pham
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, China; Department of Social Work, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Haiying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, China
| | - Dingxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, China
| | | | - Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, China.
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Child maltreatment, cognitive functions and the mediating role of mental health problems among maltreated children and adolescents in Uganda. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:22. [PMID: 33941232 PMCID: PMC8091686 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment poses high risks to the mental health and cognitive functioning of children not only in childhood but also in later life. However, it remains unclear whether child maltreatment is directly associated with impaired cognitive functioning or whether this link is mediated by mental health problems. Our study aimed at examining this research question among children and adolescents in Uganda. METHODS A sample of 232 school-going children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.03 (SD = 3.25) was assessed on multiple forms of maltreatment using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology Exposure-Pediatric Version (pediMACE). Executive functions were assessed by the Tower of London task and working memory by the Corsi Block Tapping task, while mental health problems were assessed using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for PTSD and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). RESULTS In total, 232 (100%) of the participant reported to have experienced at least one type of maltreatment in their lifetime including emotional, physical, and sexual violence as well as neglect. We found a negative association between child maltreatment and executive functions (β = - 0.487, p < 0.001) and working memory (β = - 0.242, p = 0.001). Mental health problems did not mediate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment seems to be related to lower working memory and executive functioning of affected children and adolescents even after controlling for potential cofounders. Our study indicates that child maltreatment the affects children's cognitive functionality beyond health and well-being.
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Tran NK, van Berkel SR, van IJzendoorn MH, Alink LRA. Child and Family Factors Associated With Child Maltreatment in Vietnam. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP2931-NP2953. [PMID: 29658819 PMCID: PMC7941509 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518767914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore possible risk factors for child maltreatment in Vietnam by investigating the association of child and family factors with different types of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, witnessing parental conflict, and neglect) and the occurrence of multiple types of child maltreatment. Cross-sectional data of 1,851 secondary and high school students aged 12 to 17 years (47.3% boys) in four provinces of Northern Vietnam were obtained using self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that the likelihood of emotional abuse, witnessing parental conflict, and experiencing multiple types of child maltreatment during lifetime increased with age. Boys had a higher risk than girls on lifetime sexual abuse, and past year and lifetime physical abuse. Living in a single parent family was the risk factor related to most types of child maltreatment including lifetime sexual abuse, neglect, and multiple types of child maltreatment, and both past year and lifetime witnessing parental conflict. Interestingly, low socioeconomic status (SES) and parental unemployment were associated with a decreased risk on experiencing emotional abuse in the past year and during lifetime, respectively. "Tiger parenting," a parenting style observed frequently in East Asian parents, may be more common in families with high SES and might explain this finding. This study highlights the importance of prioritizing single parent families in parenting programs and implementing child maltreatment interventions early because of the risk on child maltreatment increased with age. More research on emotional abuse and "Tiger parenting" in Vietnam could clarify the association of emotional abuse with high SES and parental employment. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of the risk factors in Vietnam should be studied more to inform interventions.
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Xu J, Guan X, Li H, Zhang M, Xu X. The Effect of Early Life Stress on Memory is Mediated by Anterior Hippocampal Network. Neuroscience 2020; 451:137-148. [PMID: 33141033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The experience of early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for memory dysfunction, but the impact at the neural level is less clear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether healthy people with a higher ELS display more structural and functional changes of hippocampus than people with a lower ELS, and to investigate whether hippocampus changes in turn affects memory. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess ELS in 100 young health participants. They were divided into two groups: "low" CTQ group (limitation of none/minimal ELS) and "high" CTQ group (low to moderate ELS). Verbal memory was assessed by California Verbal Learning Test II and visual memory by Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. Resting state fMRI data were acquired and voxel-wise correlation analysis was performed to functionally divide the hippocampus. Gray matter volumes and memory circuits of the anterior and posterior hippocampus were analyzed. We also tested whether changes in hippocampus mediated the relationship between ELS and memory. Compared with participants with a lower ELS, healthy participants with a relatively higher ELS had reduced anterior hippocampal functional connectivity, which positively correlated with visual memory. Among all participants, anterior hippocampal functional connectivity mediated the relationship of ELS on visual memory. These findings suggest that ELS decreased anterior hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity, which, in turn, drives memory decline and highlight a potential pathway in which ELS affects memory by degrading anterior hippocampal functional connectivity changes directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31000, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31000, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31000, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31000, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 31000, China.
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Mesman J, Branger M, Woudstra ML, Emmen R, Asanjarani F, Carcamo R, Hsiao C, Mels C, Selcuk B, Soares I, van Ginkel J, Wang L, Yavuz M, Alink L. Crossing boundaries: A pilot study of maternal attitudes about child maltreatment in nine countries. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104257. [PMID: 31743808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitions of child maltreatment vary widely between studies, and even more so between different cultural contexts. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we examine between-country variations in maternal notions about what constitutes child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consisted of 466 mothers recruited in Chile, China, Greece, Iran, the Netherlands, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. METHODS All mothers completed a new Q-sort measure, ranking 90 parenting behaviors linked to subtypes of maltreatment (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and physical abuse) from least to most detrimental to child development. RESULTS Between-country agreement regarding the harmfulness of the parenting behaviors was high (r = .45), but there were different patterns of reported harmfulness of subtypes of maltreatment (although driven mostly by deviating patterns in the South African sample). Further, there were significant country effects on the number and type of behaviors labeled as maltreatment (pƞ2 = .15), and the number of items labeled as requiring intervention (pƞ2 = .19). CONCLUSIONS Variations in conceptions of maltreatment need to be studied in larger more representative samples and taken into account in the assessment and treatment of child maltreatment across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judi Mesman
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Branger
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mi-Lan Woudstra
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanneke Emmen
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Faramarz Asanjarani
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Celia Hsiao
- Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cindy Mels
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bilge Selcuk
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isabel Soares
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Lamei Wang
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Melis Yavuz
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Turkey
| | - Lenneke Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Strobel NA, Richardson A, Shepherd CCJ, McAuley KE, Marriott R, Edmond KM, McAullay DR. Modelling factors for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child neurodevelopment outcomes: A latent class analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:48-59. [PMID: 31820463 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) provides a measure of early child development upon school entry. Understanding which combination of factors influences Aboriginal child neurodevelopment is important to inform policy and practice. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to model AEDC profiles and identify the highest need profiles. The secondary objective was to determine the associations of these high need profiles on the likelihood of a child becoming developmentally vulnerable. METHODS We designed a prospective population-based birth cohort study (n = 2715) using linked data sets with information on Aboriginal cohort children, and their mothers and siblings in Western Australia. Specific developmental indicators in the 2009 and 2012 AEDC were used to assess developmental vulnerability. LCA methods were used to determine need profiles and their association with developmental vulnerability. RESULTS 49.3% of Aboriginal children were vulnerable on at least one developmental domain, and 37.5% were vulnerable on two or more domains. LCA found six unique profiles. High needs family, High needs young mother, and Preterm infant comprised 42% of the cohort and were considered to have high need configurations. These groups were at least 1.7 times as likely to have children who had at least one or two developmental vulnerabilities compared with the Healthy family group. CONCLUSION Many Aboriginal children in Western Australia enter school with at least one developmental vulnerability. This study highlights a range of unique profiles that can be used to empower Aboriginal families for change and develop targeted programmes for improving the early development of young Aboriginal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Strobel
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Ngangk Yira Aboriginal Health and Social Equity Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alice Richardson
- National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Carrington C J Shepherd
- Telethon Kids Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Ngangk Yira Aboriginal Health and Social Equity Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Rhonda Marriott
- Ngangk Yira Aboriginal Health and Social Equity Research Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karen M Edmond
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel R McAullay
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Saminathan TA, Ganapathy SS, Sooryanarayana R, Hasim MHB, Mohd Anuar MF, Ahmad FH, Tan L, Awaluddin SM, Aris T, Rosman A. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Physical Abuse at Home Among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia: A Population-Based Nationwide Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:88S-96S. [PMID: 31680535 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519883139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the current situation of physical abuse among adolescents at home in Malaysia. A total of 27 497 school-going adolescents answered a self-administered questionnaire during the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017. A complex sampling analysis was applied to identify factors associated with physical abuse among adolescents using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of physical abuse at home among students was 11.8%. Our result shows that adolescents aged 13 years had significantly higher odds of such abuse, with odds decreasing as the adolescents age. Girls and adolescents from Indian ethnicity (minority ethnic group) had higher odds of such abuse. Other associated factors were mental health problems, substance abuse, and problems at school. Physical abuse among adolescents at home should be countered with appropriate measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Arasu Saminathan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazrin Bin Hasim
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fuad Mohd Anuar
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazila Haryati Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Maria Awaluddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azriman Rosman
- Violence and Injury Prevention Unit, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Warmingham JM, Handley ED, Rogosch FA, Manly JT, Cicchetti D. Identifying maltreatment subgroups with patterns of maltreatment subtype and chronicity: A latent class analysis approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 87:28-39. [PMID: 30224068 PMCID: PMC6348036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maltreatment experiences are complex, and it is difficult to characterize the heterogeneity in types of maltreatment. Subtypes, such as emotional maltreatment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect commonly co-occur and may persist across development. Therefore, treating individual maltreatment subtypes as independently occurring is not representative of the nature of maltreatment as it occurs in children's lives. Latent class analysis (LCA) is employed herein to identify subgroups of maltreated children based on commonalities in maltreatment subtype and chronicity. In a sample of 674 low-income urban children, 51.6% of whom experienced officially documented maltreatment, our analyses identified four classes of children, with three distinct classes based on maltreatment subtypes and chronicity, and one group of children who did not experience maltreatment. The largest class of maltreated children identified was the chronic, multi-subtype maltreatment class (57% of maltreated children); a second class was characterized by only neglect in a single developmental period (31% of maltreated children), and the smallest class was characterized by a single subtype of maltreatment (emotional maltreatment, physical, or sexual abuse) occurring in a single developmental period (12% of maltreated children). Characterization of these groups confirms the overlapping nature of maltreatment subtypes. There were notable differences between latent classes on child behavioral and socio-emotional outcomes measured by child self-report and camp counselors report during a one-week summer camp. The largest differences were between the non-maltreated class and the chronic maltreatment class. Children who experienced chronic, multi-subtype maltreatment showed higher levels of externalizing behavior, emotion dysregulation, depression, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Warmingham
- University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Handley
- University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States
| | - Fred A Rogosch
- University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Jody T Manly
- University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
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Tran NK, van Berkel SR, Nguyen HT, van IJzendoorn MH, Alink LRA. Changes in the prevalence of child maltreatment in Vietnam over 10 years. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 80:172-182. [PMID: 29621694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the context of the shortage of studies on child maltreatment changes over time in limited resource settings, this paper explored the changes in the prevalence of multiple types of child maltreatment over a period of 10 years in Vietnam and tested the moderating role of some demographic characteristics in these changes. METHODS We used data from two prevalence studies conducted in 2004 and in 2014 using similar methodologies. Both studies used self-report questionnaires which were completed by randomly selected students aged 12-17 years from different provinces in Vietnam. We also compared Hanoi subgroups to examine the trend using the most equivalent samples. RESULTS While the prevalence estimates of sexual abuse and neglect were unchanged over 10 years, the prevalence of physical abuse and emotional abuse declined. The decrease in the prevalence of physical abuse was larger for younger adolescents and boys than for their counterparts. For sexual abuse, older adolescents reported an increase in the prevalence of sexual abuse. In the Hanoi sample comparison, only the prevalence of emotional abuse declined and this reduction was smaller for younger adolescents than for the older group. CONCLUSION Despite the reduction of emotional and physical abuse in the whole sample and emotional abuse in the Hanoi sample, all types of child maltreatment were still highly prevalent in Vietnam. We argue that interventions on all types of child maltreatment should be further implemented. Similar studies could be conducted to evaluate the effect of child protection policies on the prevalence of child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu K Tran
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Population, Health and Development, Vietnam.
| | - Sheila R van Berkel
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lenneke R A Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference? SOCIETIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soc8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Axemo P, Wijewardena K, Fonseka R, Cooray S, Darj E. Training university teachers and students in Sri Lanka on Gender Based Violence: testing of a participatory training program. MEDEDPUBLISH 2018; 7:43. [PMID: 38089210 PMCID: PMC10711944 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2018.0000043.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In all societies, violence is a social problem and violation of human rights. Changing attitudes and behaviors, which accept violence at individual and societal levels are key components in prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to produce educational material on Gender Based Violence (GBV). A participatory study design including educators and university students was used to create four teaching modules. The teaching was evaluated by descriptive surveys before and after the training and focus group discussions followed the training session. The questionnaire covered attitudes to gender, violence and laws. One hundred eleven teachers and 25 students representing different faculties and universities participated in separate workshops in three Sri Lankan universities. The students lacked knowledge of the meaning of GBV, consequences and existing laws. Women held more gender-equitable attitudes. Both women and men favoured equal participation of work and decision in the households. Male undergraduates showed less accepting attitudes toward rape or blaming women for rape Three categories emerged after the FGDs; Make training module compulsory and teacher led; Mind your own business; What can be done. The newly prepared and context specific material was well-received by educators and students and they provided valuable inputs, which improved the educational modules.
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"I feel that life is meaningless": Vietnamese adolescents' experiences of and reflections about interpersonal violence. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2018; 5:e12. [PMID: 29868232 PMCID: PMC5981651 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experiences of and reflections on interpersonal violence and victimisation among adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries are poorly understood. The aim was to describe Vietnamese adolescents' reflections on their experiences of victimisation. METHOD A self-completed, cross-sectional survey investigating exposure to violence among high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam was conducted during 2013-2014. The last section invited participants to write about any of the matters covered in the questionnaire. Thematic analysis was conducted on these free-text comments. RESULTS A total of 73/76 eligible students participated in the pilot and 1616/1745 in the main survey. Of these, a total of 239 records with free-text comments were analysed. Students described experiences of violence occurring at home, at school and in the community. Experiences of violence led to sadness, loneliness, having extremely negative thoughts about the value of life, and suicidal ideas. Adolescents' experiences occurred in the context of poor parent-adolescent and teacher-student relationships, particularly concerning dissatisfaction with academic performance. Adolescents wanted to be trusted, to be given more autonomy, and to improve their relationships with parents and teachers. CONCLUSIONS Vietnamese adolescents experience various forms of victimisation, which are detrimental to their health and wellbeing. Understanding of their experiences of and perceptions of violence and its impact on their health and wellbeing is important in the prevention of violence against young people in Vietnam.
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