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Gargano MC, DiBiase CE, Miller-Graff LE. What words can tell us about social determinants of mental health: A multi-method analysis of sentiment towards migration experiences and community life in Lima, Perú. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615231213837. [PMID: 38454760 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
To support resilience in contexts of migration, a deeper understanding of the experiences of both receiving communities and migrants is required. Research on the impacts of migration on community life is limited in contexts with high internal migration (i.e., migrating within one's country of origin). Evidence suggests that cultural similarity, community relationships, and access to resources may be protective factors that could be leveraged to support the mental health of internal migrants. The current study uses data drawn from a sample of pregnant Peruvian women (N = 251), 87 of whom reported being internal migrants and 164 of whom reported being from the locale of the study (Lima, Perú). The aim was to better understand the social experience of internal migration for both local and migrant women. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine migration experience and perceived impact of migration on community life. Internal migrants discussed three themes relative to their experiences: motivations, adjustment, and challenges. Experiences of women in receiving communities consisted of four themes related to migration: positive, negative, neutral, and mixed perceptions. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) software was also used to assess sentiment towards migration. Across both analytic methods, migration motivations and perceptions were multifaceted and migrants reported a wide range of challenges before, during, and after migration. Findings indicated that attitudes toward migration are broadly positive, and that there is a more positive appraisal of migration's impact on the community life for internal as opposed to international migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Gargano
- Department of Psychology and Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
| | | | - Laura E Miller-Graff
- Department of Psychology and Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame
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Dawson WD, Booi L, Pintado-Caipa M, Okada de Oliveira M, Kornhuber A, Spoden N, Golonka O, Shallcross L, Davidziuk A, Cominetti MR, Vergara-Manríquez M, Kochhann R, Robertson I, Eyre HA, Ibáñez A. The Brain Health Diplomat's Toolkit: supporting brain health diplomacy leaders in Latin America and the Caribbean. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 28:100627. [PMID: 38046464 PMCID: PMC10689283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining and improving brain health, one of the most critical global challenges of this century, necessitates innovative, interdisciplinary, and collaborative strategies to address the growing challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper introduces Brain Health Diplomacy (BHD) as a pioneering approach to bridge disciplinary and geographic boundaries and mobilize resources to promote equitable brain health outcomes in the region. Our framework provides a toolkit for emerging brain health leaders, equipping them with essential concepts and practical resources to apply in their professional work and collaborations. By providing case studies, we highlight the importance of culturally sensitive, region-specific interventions to address unique needs of vulnerable populations. By encouraging dialogue, ideation, and cross-sector discussions, we aspire to develop new research, policy, and programmatic avenues. The novel BHD approach has the potential to revolutionize brain health across the region and beyond, ultimately contributing to a more equitable global cognitive health landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D. Dawson
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, CR131, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Laura Booi
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Centre for Dementia Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Maritza Pintado-Caipa
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Department of Neurology, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences, Bartolomé Herrera 161, Lince, 15046, Lima, Peru
| | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC), University of São Paulo, Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Kornhuber
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
| | - Natasha Spoden
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, CR131, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ona Golonka
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, CR131, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lenny Shallcross
- World Dementia Council, World Dementia Council Executive Team, Floor 2, 33 Cavendish Square, London, W1G 0PW, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Davidziuk
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mayte Vergara-Manríquez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- University of Udine, Via Monsignor Pasquale Margreth, 3, 33100, Udine UD, Italy
- Center of Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
| | - Renata Kochhann
- Research Projects Office, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Ramiro Barcelos 610, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Ian Robertson
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
| | - Harris A. Eyre
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Baker Center for Public Policy, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Health and Education Research Building (HERB) at Barwon Health Deakin University School of Medicine, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
- Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association, C/ de St. Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute, 2800 Swiss Ave, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd Suite E4.400, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agustin Ibáñez
- Global Brain Health Institute at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), GBHI Memory and Aging Center, MC: 1207 1651 4th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Room 0.60, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, RM, 7941169, Chile
- Universidad San Andres, Vito Dumas 284, B1644BID, Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yates OET, Groot S, Manuela S, Neef A. "There's so much more to that sinking island!"-Restorying migration from Kiribati and Tuvalu to Aotearoa New Zealand. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:924-944. [PMID: 36004412 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many Pacific people are considering cross-border mobility in response to the climate crisis, despite exclusion from international protection frameworks. The 'Migration with dignity' concept facilitates immigration within existing laws but without host government support. Through the metaphor of Pacific navigation, we explore the role of dignity in the lives of I-Kiribati and Tuvaluans in Aotearoa New Zealand. METHODS Combining talanoa (pacific research method) with I-Kiribati and Tuvaluan community members, alongside critical community psychology and thematic analysis, we depict climate mobility as a wa or vaka moana (ocean-going canoes) journey. ANALYSIS Participants are expert navigators, navigating immigration obstacles to (re)grow their roots in Aotearoa New Zealand before charting a course for future generations to thrive. They draw strength from culture and community to overcome the adversity of precarious living and visa non-recognition. CONCLUSION Reconceptualising climate mobility through a Pacific lens imagines both dignity and cultural preservation as possible, despite the indignities and limitations of socio-political systems and protections for climate migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E T Yates
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shiloh Groot
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sam Manuela
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Neef
- Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Mallick B, Best K, Carrico A, Ghosh T, Priodarshini R, Sultana Z, Samanta G. How do migration decisions and drivers differ against extreme environmental events? ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 22:475-497. [PMID: 38414812 PMCID: PMC10898960 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2023.2195152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Migration is often understood to be a livelihood strategy to cope with the effects of environmental threats and climate change. Yet, the extent to which migration decisions differ due to the type, severity, and frequency of environmental events has been little explored. This paper employs household surveys in southwestern Bangladesh to explore this research gap. A multinominal regression model is used to simulate reported future migration decisions (200 sample households) in the context of both rapid-onset (i.e. cyclone and flood) and slow-onset (salinity, siltation, and riverbank erosion) environmental phenomena. Results show: i) previous disaster experience and increasing conflict in the community motivate migration in the near future in the context of slow-onset phenomena (salinity); (ii) economic strength and self-efficacy increase non-migration intention in both contexts of sudden and slow-onset events; and (iii) the extent and pattern of these influences on migration differ across demographics, including education, religion, and age. Importantly, this analysis shows that the relationship between migration decisions and the type, severity, and frequency of environmental events is influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, this research supports future adaptation planning specifically tailored to the type and exposure of extreme environmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishawjit Mallick
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kelsea Best
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Carrico
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tuhin Ghosh
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rup Priodarshini
- International Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Development (ICCCAD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Gopa Samanta
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
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Khalid A, Babry JA, Vearey J, Zenner D. TURNING UP THE HEAT: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE MIGRATION AND HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE. J Migr Health 2023; 7:100172. [PMID: 37034244 PMCID: PMC10074782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The triangular relationship between climate change-related events, patterns of human migration and their implications for health is an important yet understudied issue. To improve understanding of this complex relationship, a comprehensive, interdisciplinary conceptual model will be useful. This paper investigates relationships between these factors and considers their impacts for affected populations globally. Methods A desk review of key literature was undertaken. An open-ended questionnaire consisting of 11 items was designed focusing on three themes: predicting population migration by understanding key variables, health implications, and suggestions on policy and research. After using purposive sampling we selected nine experts, reflecting diverse regional and professional backgrounds directly related to our research focus area. All responses were thematically analysed and key themes from the survey were synthesised to construct the conceptual model focusing on describing the relationship between global climate change, migration and health implications and a second model focusing on actionable suggestions for organisations working in the field, academia and policymakers. Results Key themes which constitute our conceptual model included: a description of migrant populations perceived to be at risk; health characteristics associated with different migratory patterns; health implications for both migrants and host populations; the responsibilities of global and local governance actors; and social and structural determinants of health. Less prominent themes were aspects related to slow-onset migratory patterns, voluntary stay, and voluntary migration. Actionable suggestions include an interdisciplinary and innovative approach to study the phenomenon for academicians, preparedness and globalized training and awareness for field organisations and migrant inclusive and climate sensitive approach for policymakers. Conclusion Contrary to common narratives, participants framed the impacts of climate change-related events on migration patterns and their health implications as non-linear and indirect, comprising many interrelated individual, social, cultural, demographic, geographical, structural, and political determinants. An understanding of these interactions in various contexts is essential for risk reduction and preventative measures. The way forward broadly includes inclusive and equity-based health services, improved and faster administrative systems, less restrictive (im)migration policies, globally trained staff, efficient and accessible research, and improved emergency response capabilities. The focus should be to increase preventative and adaptation measures in the face of any environmental changes and respond efficiently to different phases of migration to aim for better "health for all and promote universal well-being" (WHO) (World Health Organization 1999).
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6
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Rai A. Chasing the ghosts: stories of people left behind on the frontline of climate and ecological crisis. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00812463221130902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced global climate change is associated with population migration as places become uninhabitable. Uttarakhand is one of India’s most ecologically fragile and climatically vulnerable states. There are massive disparities between the hill and the plain districts as the development initiatives remain concentrated in the plain districts. The inadequacy of the state government, coupled with environmental changes, has made the life of the hill communities challenging. Many people have migrated from the hills resulting in depopulated or ghost villages. Based on interviews with 75 people, the article attempts to shed light on changes that occur when the inhabitants of a place leave. Loss of a place and its community life can have severe implications on the well-being of the people. Respondents showed a range of emotions, including the longing for their homes before the onset of environmental changes. With more intense and frequent climatic events, it has become essential to understand such social and cultural costs of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Rai
- Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India
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Lawrance EL, Thompson R, Newberry Le Vay J, Page L, Jennings N. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:443-498. [PMID: 36165756 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Converging global evidence highlights the dire consequences of climate change for human mental health and wellbeing. This paper summarises literature across relevant disciplines to provide a comprehensive narrative review of the multiple pathways through which climate change interacts with mental health and wellbeing. Climate change acts as a risk amplifier by disrupting the conditions known to support good mental health, including socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, and living and working conditions. The disruptive influence of rising global temperatures and extreme weather events, such as experiencing a heatwave or water insecurity, compounds existing stressors experienced by individuals and communities. This has deleterious effects on people's mental health and is particularly acute for those groups already disadvantaged within and across countries. Awareness and experiences of escalating climate threats and climate inaction can generate understandable psychological distress; though strong emotional responses can also motivate climate action. We highlight opportunities to support individuals and communities to cope with and act on climate change. Consideration of the multiple and interconnected pathways of climate impacts and their influence on mental health determinants must inform evidence-based interventions. Appropriate action that centres climate justice can reduce the current and future mental health burden, while simultaneously improving the conditions that nurture wellbeing and equality. The presented evidence adds further weight to the need for decisive climate action by decision makers across all scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lawrance
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, UK.,Mental Health Innovations, UK.,Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa Page
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK
| | - Neil Jennings
- Grantham Institute of Climate and the Environment, Imperial College London, UK
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8
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Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective: Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Malaysia, floods are often considered a normal phenomenon in the lives of some communities, which can sometimes cause disasters to occur beyond expectations, as shown during the flood of 2014. The issue of flood disasters, which particularly impacts SDG 13 of the integrated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), still lacks widespread attention from sociology researchers in Malaysia. Similarly, questions related to the welfare of victims, especially in regards to aspects of disaster management from a humanitarian perspective, are still neglected. This study aims to identify the adaptive actions through a solution from a humanitarian perspective in managing flood disaster risks. For the purpose of obtaining data, this study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation methods. A total of ten experts, consisting of the flood management teams involved in managing the 2014 flood disaster in Hulu Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, were selected through a purposive random sampling method. The results showed that adaptive actions in managing flood disaster risks from a humanitarian point of view include the provision of social support, collective cooperation from the flood management teams, and adaptation efforts after the floods.
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Pathak N, Pollard KJ, McKinney A. Lifestyle Medicine Interventions for Personal and Planetary Health: The Urgent Need for Action. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:589-593. [PMID: 36072683 PMCID: PMC9442470 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221090887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of planetary health—from threats such as climate change, environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, and ocean acidification—are a growing hazard to the foundation of health and the “healthspan.” For those with chronic conditions—a large and growing subset of the global population—the health dangers are even greater. Climate change is a threat to the very pillars of lifestyle medicine that we rely on to prevent and manage chronic disease. Already, the planetary crisis is limiting our ability to prescribe healthy nutrition, safe outdoor physical activity, stress management strategies, social connection, restorative sleep, and toxic substance avoidance. In this article, we discuss the proceedings of our workshop at the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) annual conference LM2021, “Lifestyle Medicine for Personal and Planetary Health.” We examine how lifestyle medicine (LM) interventions are a prescription for individual, community, and planetary health. Our prescriptions work to not only restore the health of individuals and families, but also to bolster health equity while allowing us to mitigate and adapt to the health impacts of the planetary crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pathak
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA (NP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA (KJP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, USA (AM)
| | - Kathryn J. Pollard
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA (NP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA (KJP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, USA (AM)
| | - Amanda McKinney
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA (NP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA (KJP)
- Global Sustainability Committee, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, USA (AM)
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Freeman K, Baek K, Ngo M, Kelley V, Karas E, Citron S, Montgomery S. Exploring the Usability of a Community Resiliency Model Approach in a High Need/Low Resourced Traumatized Community. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:679-688. [PMID: 34241738 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the usability of a non-stigmatizing community-based trauma intervention delivered by trained community members. The Community Resiliency Model (CRM) was taught to a high-crime, low-income community designated as a Mental Health Provider Shortage Area (19 MPSA score). Five groups of Latino, African-American, LGBTQ, Asian Pacific Islander, and Veteran participants (N-57) with a history of complex/cumulative traumas and untreated posttraumatic stress undertook a five-day 40-h CRM training with master trainers. Measures included Treatment Relevance, Use and Satisfaction (TRUSS), Brief CRM Questionnaire (Brief CRM), and Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). Participant preparedness to teach CRM to others was high (98%) and sustained at the 3-6 months follow-up with 93% reporting a daily use. Pre-to post comparison analyses showed a significant decrease in distress indicators and increase in wellbeing indicators. CRM's high usability holds promise for a broader, low cost and sustainable implementation in traumatized and under-resourced communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Freeman
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA.
| | - Kelly Baek
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Michelle Ngo
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 9254, USA
| | - Veronica Kelley
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Elaine Karas
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Stephanie Citron
- Private Practice, 53 Arlington Street, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 9254, USA
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11
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Brown MJ, White BP, Nicholas PK. Mental Health Impacts of Climate Change: Considerations for Nurse Practitioners. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kanamori M, Castaneda D, Self KJ, Sanchez L, Rosas Y, Rodriguez E, Shrader CH, Arroyo-Flores J, Johnson A, Skvoretz J, Gomez D, Williams M. Why Re-Invent the Wheel? Social Network Approaches Can Be Used to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Related Disparities in Latinx Seasonal Farmworkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12709. [PMID: 34886433 PMCID: PMC8656650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Latinx seasonal farmworkers are essential workers and are at elevated risk for SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 are unique to this population and include crowded living conditions, isolated social networks, and exploitative working environments. The circumstances and cultural values of Latinx seasonal farmworkers pose a unique challenge to public health authorities working to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This community is in dire need of urgent public health research to identify opportunities to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission: social network methods could be the solution. Using previously collected and new information provided by a team of experts, this commentary provides a brief description of Latinx seasonal farmworker disparities that affect tracking and treating SARS-CoV-2 in this important group, the challenges introduced by SARS-CoV-2, and how social network approaches learned from other infectious disease prevention strategies can address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Kanamori
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Daniel Castaneda
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Kyle J. Self
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lucy Sanchez
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Yesenia Rosas
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Edda Rodriguez
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Cho-Hee Shrader
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Juan Arroyo-Flores
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - Ariana Johnson
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.K.); (D.C.); (L.S.); (Y.R.); (E.R.); (C.-H.S.); (J.A.-F.); (A.J.)
| | - John Skvoretz
- Department of Sociology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mark Williams
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Burrows K, Pelupessy DC, Khoshnood K, Bell ML. Environmental Displacement and Mental Well-Being in Banjarnegara, Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117002. [PMID: 34747632 PMCID: PMC8575071 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential moves (displacement) owing to climate- and weather-related disasters may significantly impact mental health. Despite the growing risk from climate change, health impacts of environmental-mobility remain understudied. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effects of displacement on the association between landslides and changes in perceived mental well-being in Banjarnegara, Indonesia. We also investigated whether sociodemographics (age, sex, level of education, household-level income, or employment in agriculture) and landslide characteristics (number and severity of landslides) were associated with differing odds of relocation after experiencing landslides. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 420 individuals who experienced landslides between 2014 and 2018 to assess perceived changes in mental well-being, comparing after landslide exposure to before landslide exposure. We used a novel six-item measure that was created in collaboration with the local community to compare perceived changes between those who were displaced by landslides and those who were not displaced, using logistic and multinomial regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We then assessed whether the odds of displacement differed based on sociodemographic characteristics and landslide exposure characteristics, using logistic regressions. RESULTS Those who were displaced were more likely than those who were not displaced to report perceived increases in economic stability [odds ratio (OR)=3.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45, 6.46], optimism (OR=4.01; 95% CI: 1.87, 8.61), safety (OR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.44, 5.10), religiosity (OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.65), and closeness with community (OR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.33) after landslides compared with before their first landslide during the study period. More frequent landslide exposures were associated with reduced odds of relocation, but more severe landslides were associated with increased odds of relocation. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that landslides affect the mental well-being not only of those who are displaced but also of those who are left behind. Further, this work supports the need for community-based participatory research to fully capture the health impacts of environmental mobility. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Burrows
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Singer M, Bulled N, Ostrach B, Lerman Ginzburg S. Syndemics: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Complex Epidemic Events Like COVID-19. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-100919-121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we trace the origins and dissemination of syndemics, a concept developed within critical medical anthropology that rapidly diffused to other fields. The goal is to provide a review of the literature, with a focus on key debates. After a brief discussion of the nature and significance of syndemic theory and its applications, we trace the history and development of the syndemic framework within anthropology and the contributions of anthropologists who use it. We also look beyond anthropology to the adoption and use of syndemics in other health-related disciplines, including biomedicine, nursing, public health, and psychology, and discuss controversies in syndemics, particularly the perception that existing syndemics research focuses on methodologies at the individual level rather than at the population level and fails to provide evidence of synergistic interactions. Finally, we discuss emerging syndemics research on COVID-19 and provide an overview of the application of syndemics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Singer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1248, USA
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1248, USA
| | - Nicola Bulled
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-1248, USA
| | - Bayla Ostrach
- Family Medicine Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Shir Lerman Ginzburg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Manchester, Connecticut 06042, USA
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15
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Bailey C, Poole NA, James A. Crisis care: tackling the climate and ecological emergency. BJPsych Bull 2021; 45:201-204. [PMID: 34315550 PMCID: PMC8499629 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2021.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate crisis is a health crisis; it demands the urgent attention and action of healthcare professionals and organisations. In this issue of the BJPsych Bulletin, we consider what the destructive effects of the climate and ecological crisis entail for the mental health of populations, and what the response of psychiatrists, both individual and collective, must be. We also highlight the opportunities and benefits a more sustainable and preventative approach could offer individuals, communities and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Bailey
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University and Barts and the London School of Medicine, UK
- Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK
- Association for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy in the NHS, UK
| | - Norman A. Poole
- Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK
- St George's Hospital, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, UK
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Marazziti D, Cianconi P, Mucci F, Foresi L, Chiarantini I, Della Vecchia A. Climate change, environment pollution, COVID-19 pandemic and mental health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145182. [PMID: 33940721 PMCID: PMC7825818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Converging data would indicate the existence of possible relationships between climate change, environmental pollution and epidemics/pandemics, such as the current one due to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Each of these phenomena has been supposed to provoke detrimental effects on mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to review the available scientific literature on these variables in order to suggest and comment on their eventual synergistic effects on mental health. The available literature report that climate change, air pollution and COVID-19 pandemic might influence mental health, with disturbances ranging from mild negative emotional responses to full-blown psychiatric conditions, specifically, anxiety and depression, stress/trauma-related disorders, and substance abuse. The most vulnerable groups include elderly, children, women, people with pre-existing health problems especially mental illnesses, subjects taking some types of medication including psychotropic drugs, individuals with low socio-economic status, and immigrants. It is evident that COVID-19 pandemic uncovers all the fragility and weakness of our ecosystem, and inability to protect ourselves from pollutants. Again, it underlines our faults and neglect towards disasters deriving from climate change or pollution, or the consequences of human activities irrespective of natural habitats and constantly increasing the probability of spillover of viruses from animals to humans. In conclusion, the psychological/psychiatric consequences of COVID-19 pandemic, that currently seem unavoidable, represent a sharp cue of our misconception and indifference towards the links between our behaviour and their influence on the "health" of our planet and of ourselves. It is time to move towards a deeper understanding of these relationships, not only for our survival, but for the maintenance of that balance among man, animals and environment at the basis of life in earth, otherwise there will be no future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy; UniCamillus - Saint Camillus University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Cianconi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region, NHS Local Health Unit, Italy
| | - Lara Foresi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiarantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Aktürk G, Lerski M. Intangible cultural heritage: a benefit to climate-displaced and host communities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND SCIENCES 2021; 11:305-315. [PMID: 33996378 PMCID: PMC8105694 DOI: 10.1007/s13412-021-00697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is borderless, and its impacts are not shared equally by all communities. It causes an imbalance between people by creating a more desirable living environment for some societies while erasing settlements and shelters of some others. Due to floods, sea level rise, destructive storms, drought, and slow-onset factors such as salinization of water and soil, people lose their lands, homes, and natural resources. Catastrophic events force people to move voluntarily or involuntarily. The relocation of communities is a debatable climate adaptation measure which requires utmost care with human rights, ethics, and psychological well-being of individuals upon the issues of discrimination, conflict, and security. As the number of climate-displaced populations grows, the generations-deep connection to their rituals, customs, and ancestral ties with the land, cultural practices, and intangible cultural heritage become endangered. However, intangible heritage is often overlooked in the context of climate displacement. This paper presents reflections based on observations regarding the intangible heritage of voluntarily displaced communities. It begins by examining intangible heritage under the threat of climate displacement, with place-based examples. It then reveals intangible heritage as a catalyst to building resilient communities by advocating for the cultural values of indigenous and all people in climate action planning. It concludes the discussion by presenting the implications of climate displacement in existing intangible heritage initiatives. This article seeks to contribute to the emerging policies of preserving intangible heritage in the context of climate displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Aktürk
- Department of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628BL the Netherlands
| | - Martha Lerski
- Leonard Lief Library, Lehman College, New York, NY USA
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18
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A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052629. [PMID: 33807919 PMCID: PMC7967404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Climate change influences patterns of human mobility and health outcomes. While much of the climate change and migration discourse is invested in quantitative predictions and debates about whether migration is adaptive or maladaptive, less attention has been paid to the voices of the people moving in the context of climate change with a focus on their health and wellbeing. This qualitative research aims to amplify the voices of migrants themselves to add nuance to dominant migration narratives and to shed light on the real-life challenges migrants face in meeting their health needs in the context of climate change. Methods: We conducted 58 semi-structured in-depth interviews with migrants purposefully selected for having moved from rural Bhola, southern Bangladesh to an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis under the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Coding was conducted using NVivo Pro 12. Findings: We identified two overarching themes in the thematic analysis: Firstly, we identified the theme “A risk exchange: Exchanging climate change and health risks at origin and destination”. Rather than describing a “net positive” or “net negative” outcome in terms of migration in the context of climate change, migrants described an exchange of hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities at origin with those at destination, which challenged their capacity to adapt. This theme included several sub-themes—income and employment factors, changing food environment, shelter and water sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) conditions, and social capital. The second overarching theme was “A changing health and healthcare environment”. This theme also included several sub-themes—changing physical and mental health status and a changing healthcare environment encompassing quality of care and barriers to accessing healthcare. Migrants described physical and mental health concerns and connected these experiences with their new environment. These two overarching themes were prevalent across the dataset, although each participant experienced and expressed them uniquely. Conclusion: Migrants who move in the context of climate change face a range of diverse health risks at the origin, en route, and at the destination. Migrating individuals, households, and communities undertake a risk exchange when they decide to move, which has diverse positive and negative consequences for their health and wellbeing. Along with changing health determinants is a changing healthcare environment where migrants face different choices, barriers, and quality of care. A more migrant-centric perspective as described in this paper could strengthen migration, climate, and health governance. Policymakers, urban planners, city corporations, and health practitioners should integrate the risk exchange into practice and policies.
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Vos SR, Clark‐Ginsberg A, Puente‐Duran S, Salas‐Wright CP, Duque MC, Herrera IC, Maldonado‐Molina MM, Castillo MN, Lee TK, Garcia MF, Fernandez CA, Hanson M, Scaramutti C, Schwartz SJ. The family crisis migration stress framework: A framework to understand the mental health effects of crisis migration on children and families caused by disasters. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:41-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cad.20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia R. Vos
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria C. Duque
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Ivonne Calderón Herrera
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Melissa N. Castillo
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Garcia
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Cristina A. Fernandez
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Marissa Hanson
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Carolina Scaramutti
- Department of Public Health The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, College of Education University of Texas at Austin Texas USA
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Solecki W, Friedman E. At the Water's Edge: Coastal Settlement, Transformative Adaptation, and Well-Being in an Era of Dynamic Climate Risk. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:211-232. [PMID: 33428464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With accelerating climate change, US coastal communities are experiencing increased flood risk intensity, resulting from accelerated sea level rise and stronger storms. These conditions place pressure on municipalities and local residents to consider a range of new disaster risk reduction programs, climate resilience initiatives, and in some cases transformative adaptation strategies (e.g., managed retreat and relocation from highly vulnerable, low-elevation locations). Researchers have increasingly understood that these climate risks and adaptation actions have significant impacts on the quality of life, well-being, and mental health of urban coastal residents. We explore these relationships and define conditions under which adaptation practices will affect communities and residents. Specifically, we assess climate and environmental stressors, community change, and well-being by utilizing the growing climate change literature and the parallel social science literature on risk and hazards, environmental psychology, and urban geography work, heretofore not widely integrated into work on climate adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Solecki
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Erin Friedman
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA;
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21
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Ziersch A, Miller E, Baak M, Mwanri L. Integration and social determinants of health and wellbeing for people from refugee backgrounds resettled in a rural town in South Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1700. [PMID: 33187489 PMCID: PMC7663864 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a recent focus on resettlement of migrants and refugee in rural settings in Australia and elsewhere. Rural resettlement is seen as an opportunity to revitalise rural communities, to fill the needs of employers in these areas, and to provide a welcoming community within which new arrivals can integrate and settle. However, challenges to rural resettlement have been identified including difficulties securing employment, discrimination and social isolation. These challenges can affect resettlement outcomes including health and wellbeing, though relatively little research has examined these links. In this paper we explored experiences of people from refugee background settling in a rural Australian town, examining interconnections between social determinants of health (SDH) and integration. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 44 participants from Southeast Asia and Africa in a rural setting in South Australia, covering experiences of resettlement and impacts on health and wellbeing. Participants were recruited through existing connections within the community and snowball sampling. Audio recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework thematic analysis. Results The study findings revealed a mixture of settlement experiences for participants across a range of elements of SDH and integration. A sense of safety and some elements of social connectedness and support were key enablers for integration and health and wellbeing, with main challenges including limitations in employment opportunities, mismatched education provision, experiences of discrimination and constrained access to services. Conclusions Challenges experienced by refugees resettled in rural areas can affect integration, health and wellbeing and subsequent onward migration intentions. Attention to broader socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions, alongside tailored settlement support policies and practices for individual rural resettlement sites, is required to support integration and health and wellbeing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09724-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ziersch
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Emily Miller
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Melanie Baak
- School of Education, University of South Australia, St Bernards Rd, Magill, SA, 5072, Australia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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22
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Post-migration well-being of Sub-Saharan Africans in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Qual Life Res 2020; 30:1025-1035. [PMID: 33037533 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to understand the quality of life (QOL) among Sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrants and explore the factors that contribute to and shape SSA migrants' QOL and shed light on how post-migration factors affect their QOL in China. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey on QOL of SSA migrants in China from August, 2019 to November, 2019. We recruited SSA migrants using a combination of peer-referred online and offline surveys. The WHOQOL-BREF scale assessed the QOL of participants, and depressive symptoms were measured using Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Correlates of well-being including depressive symptoms, migration-related factors, and socio-demographic characteristics were included in hierarchical linear regression models to explore the contributions of these factors on QOL of SSA migrants. RESULTS This study included 928 eligible SSA migrants. The total score of the WHOQOL-BREF scale was 66.8 ± 14.0. Attitudes of local people toward SSA migrants (β = 3.1, 95% CI 2.4, 3.0) and satisfaction with their living conditions (β = 3.6, 95% CI 2.5, 4.7) were positively associated with QOL and explained 12.2% of the variance. Contracting an infectious disease in the past year (β = - 5.3, 95% CI - 7.6, - 2.9) and depression werenegatively associated with QOL (β = - 0.7, 95% CI - 0.7, - 0.6) and explained 24.4% of the variance. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the importance of several key factors that may aid in the improvement of QOL among SSA migrants. Post-migration environmental factors emerged as key correlates of QOL, which builds on previous evidence that the post-migration context should be improved to safeguard the well-being of SSA migrants in China.
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23
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Kameg BN. Climate Change and Mental Health: Implications for Nurses. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:25-30. [PMID: 32609857 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200624-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has received public health attention over the past 3 decades. It is well established that climate change is associated with myriad health issues, but less has been mentioned in public health discourse about the impacts of climate change on population mental health. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of the impacts of climate change on mental health, and to discuss opportunities for mental health nurses to reduce health problems related to climate change. Acute events and chronic consequences of climate change can impact mental health outcomes and contribute to depressive disorders, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. The nursing profession must be prepared to address climate change to promote best health outcomes for individuals around the globe. It is critical that mental health nurses act as leaders in understanding and addressing climate change to improve the mental health of populations. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(9), 25-30.].
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Cianconi P, Betrò S, Janiri L. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:74. [PMID: 32210846 PMCID: PMC7068211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time. The consequences of climate change on exposed biological subjects, as well as on vulnerable societies, are a concern for the entire scientific community. Rising temperatures, heat waves, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, fires, loss of forest, and glaciers, along with disappearance of rivers and desertification, can directly and indirectly cause human pathologies that are physical and mental. However, there is a clear lack in psychiatric studies on mental disorders linked to climate change. METHODS Literature available on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library until end of June 2019 were reviewed. The total number of articles and association reports was 445. From these, 163 were selected. We looked for the association between classical psychiatric disorders such as anxiety schizophrenia, mood disorder and depression, suicide, aggressive behaviors, despair for the loss of usual landscape, and phenomena related to climate change and extreme weather. Review of literature was then divided into specific areas: the course of change in mental health, temperature, water, air pollution, drought, as well as the exposure of certain groups and critical psychological adaptations. RESULTS Climate change has an impact on a large part of the population, in different geographical areas and with different types of threats to public health. However, the delay in studies on climate change and mental health consequences is an important aspect. Lack of literature is perhaps due to the complexity and novelty of this issue. It has been shown that climate change acts on mental health with different timing. The phenomenology of the effects of climate change differs greatly-some mental disorders are common and others more specific in relation to atypical climatic conditions. Moreover, climate change also affects different population groups who are directly exposed and more vulnerable in their geographical conditions, as well as a lack of access to resources, information, and protection. Perhaps it is also worth underlining that in some papers the connection between climatic events and mental disorders was described through the introduction of new terms, coined only recently: ecoanxiety, ecoguilt, ecopsychology, ecological grief, solastalgia, biospheric concern, etc. CONCLUSIONS The effects of climate change can be direct or indirect, short-term or long-term. Acute events can act through mechanisms similar to that of traumatic stress, leading to well-understood psychopathological patterns. In addition, the consequences of exposure to extreme or prolonged weather-related events can also be delayed, encompassing disorders such as posttraumatic stress, or even transmitted to later generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cianconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Hobbie SE, Grimm NB. Nature-based approaches to managing climate change impacts in cities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190124. [PMID: 31983341 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing and adapting to climate change in urban areas will become increasingly important as urban populations grow, especially because unique features of cities amplify climate change impacts. High impervious cover exacerbates impacts of climate warming through urban heat island effects and of heavy rainfall by magnifying runoff and flooding. Concentration of human settlements along rivers and coastal zones increases exposure of people and infrastructure to climate change hazards, often disproportionately affecting those who are least prepared. Nature-based strategies (NBS), which use living organisms, soils and sediments, and/or landscape features to reduce climate change hazards, hold promise as being more flexible, multi-functional and adaptable to an uncertain and non-stationary climate future than traditional approaches. Nevertheless, future research should address the effectiveness of NBS for reducing climate change impacts and whether they can be implemented at scales appropriate to climate change hazards and impacts. Further, there is a need for accurate and comprehensive cost-benefit analyses that consider disservices and co-benefits, relative to grey alternatives, and how costs and benefits are distributed across different communities. NBS are most likely to be effective and fair when they match the scale of the challenge, are implemented with input from diverse voices and are appropriate to specific social, cultural, ecological and technological contexts. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nancy B Grimm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
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26
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Siokas V, Dardiotis E, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, da Rocha JBT, Aschner M. Brain diseases in changing climate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108637. [PMID: 31416010 PMCID: PMC6717544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest and most urgent challenges for the 21st century. Rising average temperatures and ocean levels, altered precipitation patterns and increased occurrence of extreme weather events affect not only the global landscape and ecosystem, but also human health. Multiple environmental factors influence the onset and severity of human diseases and changing climate may have a great impact on these factors. Climate shifts disrupt the quantity and quality of water, increase environmental pollution, change the distribution of pathogens and severely impacts food production - all of which are important regarding public health. This paper focuses on brain health and provides an overview of climate change impacts on risk factors specific to brain diseases and disorders. We also discuss emerging hazards in brain health due to mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - João B T da Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Haque MR, Parr N, Muhidin S. Parents' healthcare-seeking behavior for their children among the climate-related displaced population of rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 2019; 226:9-20. [PMID: 30831558 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Bangladesh climate change has contributed to a massive displacement of people. This study examines the effects of climate-related displacement, socioeconomic status, availability of healthcare providers and disease-related attributes on the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Using cross-sectional survey data from the parents of 1003 children aged under 15 who were ill in the four weeks prior to the interview, collected from 600 randomly-selected households in climate displacement-susceptible areas and 600 households in non-climate-displacement-susceptible areas in Bangladesh, we use multivariate logistic regression to identify the factors associated with parental healthcare-seeking behaviors. The results show that 15.5% of the children who had been ill receive either no care or curative care at home. Of those receiving care outside the home, only 22.1% are treated by trained providers. Climate-related displaced parents are significantly less likely to seek care or to use provider-prescribed care to manage children's illnesses. Areas lacking local healthcare providers, poorer households, females, child age and mild illness are also associated with a child being significantly less likely to be treated outside the home. The children of climate-related displaced parents are around half as likely as those of non-displaced parents to be treated by a trained provider. The local availability of medical doctors, cost of reaching a healthcare center, household income, type and severity of illness, child's age, and joint parental decision-making about care providers are also important predictors of the selection of trained healthcare providers for children. Thus, climate-related displacement affects the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Policy aimed at improving child health should address the socioeconomic disadvantage and access to healthcare of the displaced, the training of local untrained providers about Primary Health Care service provision, and the numbers of medical doctors in the displacement-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Haque
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Department of Population Sciences, Faculty of Social Science, Arts Building, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Nick Parr
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Salut Muhidin
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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Ridde V, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, Bottger C, Cloos P, Dagenais C, De Allegri M, Nebot A, Queuille L, Sarker M. Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research. F1000Res 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 32983410 PMCID: PMC7506192 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17559.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of today's major challenges, and among the causes of population movement and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how their ability to respond and adapt to their needs and patterns. To date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has barely been explored. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying the relationship between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems from an interdisciplinary perspective. Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience. We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Room 3060, Montreal, QC, Canada
- l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps, Institution of Oceanography, University of California, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), UMI Résiliences 236, Bondy, France
| | - Carol Bottger
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal (ESPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Manuela De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariadna Nebot
- Independent Consultant, Pharmacist and Public Health Specialist, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Queuille
- Pan American Health Organization, Haiti Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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29
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Ridde V, Benmarhnia T, Bonnet E, Bottger C, Cloos P, Dagenais C, De Allegri M, Nebot A, Queuille L, Sarker M. Climate change, migration and health systems resilience: Need for interdisciplinary research. F1000Res 2019; 8:22. [PMID: 32983410 PMCID: PMC7506192 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17559.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of today's major challenges, among the causes of population movements and international migration. Climate migrants impact health systems and how they respond and adapt to their needs and patterns. But to date, the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change has been little explored. The purpose of this article is to show the importance of studying, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the relationships between climate change, migration, and the resilience of health systems. Resilience is an old concept, notably in the field of psychology, and is increasingly applied to the study of health systems. Yet, no research has analysed the resilience of health systems in the context of climate change. While universal health coverage is a major international goal, little research has to date focused on the existing links between climate, migration, health systems and resilience. We propose an interdisciplinary approach relying on the concept of health system resilience to study adaptive and transformative strategies to articulate climate change, migration and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Ridde
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Room 3060, Montreal, QC, Canada
- l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health & Scripps, Institution of Oceanography, University of California, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- IRD (French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development), UMI Résiliences 236, Bondy, France
| | - Carol Bottger
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal (ESPUM), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Manuela De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariadna Nebot
- Independent Consultant, Pharmacist and Public Health Specialist, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Queuille
- Pan American Health Organization, Haiti Office, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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30
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Kirch DG, Petelle K. Addressing the Health Effects of Climate Change: an Approach Based on Evidence and Ethics. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2018; 42:324-326. [PMID: 29687305 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-018-0907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell G Kirch
- Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kate Petelle
- Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC, USA.
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31
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Rajper SA, Ullah S, Li Z. Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: A case study of 13 megacities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194364. [PMID: 29547657 PMCID: PMC5856349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution causes severe physical and psychological health complications. Considering China's continuously-deteriorating air quality, this study aimed to assess the self-reported effects of air pollution on the behavior and physical health of the students of 13 densely populated cities, and their awareness, practices, and perception of air pollution and its associated public health risks. A detailed, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 2100 students from 54 universities and schools across China. The questionnaire, which had 24 questions, was categorized into four sections. The first two sections were focused on air pollution-associated behavior and psychology, and physical effects; while the final two sections focused on the subjects' awareness and perceptions, and practices and concerns about air pollution. The respondents reported that long-term exposure to air pollution had significantly affected their psychology and behavior, as well as their physical health. The respondents were aware of the different adverse impacts of air pollution (respiratory infections, allergies, and cardiovascular problems), and hence had adopted different preventive measures, such as the use of respiratory masks and glasses or goggles, regularly drinking water, and consuming rich foods. It was concluded that air pollution and haze had negative physical and psychological effects on the respondents, which led to severe changes in behavior. Proper management, future planning, and implementing strict environmental laws are suggested before this problem worsens and becomes life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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32
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Schwerdtle P, Bowen K, McMichael C. The health impacts of climate-related migration. BMC Med 2017; 16:1. [PMID: 29301536 PMCID: PMC5753535 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in climate, in conjunction with other drivers of mobility, shape human migration. While there is an increasing focus on the adaptive potential of migration, the health impacts of climate-related migration, including planned relocation and forced displacement, have not been thoroughly examined. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated that migration is currently, and will increasingly be, influenced by environmental degradation and climate change, and that it needs to be addressed in a focused and coordinated manner. DISCUSSION This paper examines the links between climate change, migration, and health, considering diverse migration responses, including immobility, forced displacement and planned migration, as well as the associated health risks and opportunities in different contexts. Using case studies, the paper illustrates strategies to reduce the health risks associated with climate change-related migration. CONCLUSION While there is an increasing body of research examining the climate change-migration nexus, a dual approach is now required. This approach must include debate and further research regarding the health consequences and responses associated with climate migration as well as immediate strengthening of health systems to make them both climate resilient and migrant inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Schwerdtle
- Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, McMahons Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia. .,Médecins Sans Frontières, Glebe, Australia. .,Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kathryn Bowen
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, 52 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Honorary Senior Fellow, Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celia McMichael
- The School of Geography, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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