1
|
Doğan S, Mohamud SM, Ali AM, Orhan Z, Doğan A, Mohamud RYH. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, hiv and syphilis among blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in Mogadishu-Somalia in 2020-2022: a retrospective study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2463. [PMID: 39256725 PMCID: PMC11385499 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of blood donation requires screening for transfusion-transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in blood donors of Mogadishu Tertiary Care Hospital, Somalia from 2020 to 2022. METHODS The records of 109,385 blood donors who attended our blood center in Mogadishu-Somalia between 2020 and 2022 were examined retrospectively. Serum samples of donors; HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and syphilisscreening tests were studied using the microparticleEnzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA)(Vitros, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, U.S) method.The distribution of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and syphilis positivity rates of 109,385 blood donors according to years, gender and age were examined. Kolmogorov Smirnov, Skewness, Kurtosis tests and histogram were used for normality analysis. Chi-squared test (χ2) and Fisher Exact test were used to analyze categorical data. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (percentage). Analysis of continuous data was performed with the Mann Whitney U test. P < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant. RESULTS HBsAg positivity was found in 0.6% of the donors, anti-HCV positivity in 0.01%, anti-HIV positivity in 0.03% and syphilispositivity in 0.3%. The results showed that among the blood donors, the prevalence of syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis Cwas notably low. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis among blood donors in Somalia was found to be quite low. Even if our found seroprevalence rates are low, to guarantee the safety of blood for recipients, strict selection of blood donors and thorough screening of donors' blood using accepted procedures are strongly advised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Doğan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Said Mohamed Mohamud
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ali
- Department of Infectious diseases, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Zerife Orhan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Doğan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Training and Research Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Rahma Yusuf Haji Mohamud
- Department of Education, Mogadishu Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cwinyaai N, Opio D, Kajumbula H, Zalwango JF, Akunzirwe R, Okello T, Francis A. Prevalence and Factors Associated with transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:926. [PMID: 39242507 PMCID: PMC11380187 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion services play a very key role in modern health care service delivery. About 118.5 million blood donations were collected globally in 2022. However, about 1.6 million units of blood are destroyed annually due to transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). There is a very high risk of TTIs through donated blood to recipients if safe transfusion practices are not observed. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. METHODS This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design that involved a review of a random sample of 1370 blood donors registered between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2019 at Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with TTIs. RESULTS The majority of the blood donors were male (80.1%), and the median donor age was 23 years (IQR = 8 years). The overall prevalence of TTIs was found to be 13.8% (95%CI: 12.0-15.6%), with specific prevalences of 1.9% for HIV, 4.1% for HBV, 6.6% for HCV and 2.8% for treponema pallidum. Male sex (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.32-3.36, p-value = 0.002) and lapsed donor type compared to new donor type (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13-0.87, p-value = 0.025) were found to be associated with TTIs. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors of West Nile region, Uganda was found to be significantly high, which implies a high burden of TTIs in the general population. Hence, there is need to implement a more stringent donor screening process to ensure selection of risk-free donors, with extra emphasis on male and new blood donors. Additionally, sensitization of blood donors on risky behaviors and self-deferral will reduce the risk of donating infected blood to the recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Cwinyaai
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Denis Opio
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Epicentre- MSF, Quartier Plateau, Boulevard Mali Bero, Niamey, Niger
| | - Henry Kajumbula
- School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jane F Zalwango
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca Akunzirwe
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tom Okello
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anguzu Francis
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singogo E, Hartney T, Bourdin S, Chagomerana M, Kudowa E, Puerto-Meredith S, M’baya B, Kadewere G, Platt L, Rice B, Hargreaves JR, Weir S, Hosseinipour MC. Use of routinely collected blood donation data for expanded HIV and Syphilis surveillance in Blantyre district, Malawi. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300647. [PMID: 39186758 PMCID: PMC11346923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends that all blood donations be screened for transfusion transmissible infections; these data are currently not incorporated into national disease surveillance efforts. We set out to use routinely collected data from blood donors in Blantyre district, Malawi to explore HIV and syphilis prevalence and identify sero-conversions among repeat donors. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of blood donation data collected by the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service from 2015 to 2021. All blood donations were routinely screened for HIV and syphilis. We characterized donor demographics as well as screening outcomes, including identifying sero-conversions among repeat donors who previously tested negative on their last donation. A total of 23,280 donations from 5,051 donors were recorded, with a median frequency of donations of 3 (IQR:2-6). Most donors were male (4,294; 85%) and students (3,262; 64.6%). Prevalence of HIV at first donation was 1.0% (52/5,051) and prevalence of syphilis was 1.6% (80/5,051); 52 HIV sero-conversions and 126 syphilis sero-conversions were identified, indicating an incidence rate per 1,000 person-years of 5.9 (95% CI: 4.7, 7.4) and 13.3 (95% CI:11.4, 15.4) respectively. Students had a lower prevalence of HIV and syphilis but higher risk of syphilis seroconversion. While blood donors are generally considered a low-risk population for HIV and syphilis, we were able to identify relatively high rates of undiagnosed HIV and syphilis infections among donors. Routinely collected data from national blood donation services may be used to better understand local HIV and syphilis epidemiology, with the potential to enhance disease surveillance systems. These findings may be used to identify priority prevention areas and populations in Blantyre district that can inform targeted interventions for improved disease prevention, testing and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hartney
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bourdin
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maganizo Chagomerana
- University of North Carolina Project-Lilongwe, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Sydney Puerto-Meredith
- University of North Carolina Project-Lilongwe, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bridon M’baya
- Malawi Blood Transfusion Services, Ministry of Health, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Godfrey Kadewere
- Directorate of Health Technical Support Services, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Lucy Platt
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Rice
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Hargreaves
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Weir
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mina C. Hosseinipour
- University of North Carolina Project-Lilongwe, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muhammad I, Khalifa EH, Salih MM, Ullah W, Elseid MSA, Qasim M, Ali S, Ullah N, Muhammad N. Analysis of molecular subtypes and antibiotic resistance in Treponema pallidum isolates from blood donors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305720. [PMID: 38905249 PMCID: PMC11192362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, is resurging globally. Molecular typing allows for the investigation of its epidemiology. In Pakistan and other nations, T. pallidum subsp. pallidum has developed widespread macrolide resistance in the past decade. A study at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre from June 2020-June 2021 analyzed serum samples from 32,812 blood donors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to assess circulating T. pallidum strains and antibiotic resistance. Blood samples were initially screened for T. pallidum antibodies using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). CMIA-reactive samples underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeted the polA, tpp47, bmp, and tp0319 genes. PCR-positive samples were further analyzed for molecular subtyping using a CDC-developed procedure and tp0548 gene examination. All PCR-positive samples were analyzed for the presence of point mutations A2058G and A2059G in 23S rRNA, as well as the G1058C mutation in 16S rRNA. These mutations are known to impart antimicrobial resistance to macrolides and doxycycline, respectively. Out of 32,812 serum samples, 272 (0.83%) were CMIA-reactive, with 46 being PCR-positive. Nine T. pallidum subtypes were identified, predominantly 14d/f. The A2058G mutation in 23S rRNA was found in 78% of cases, while G1058C in 16S rRNA and A2059G in 23S rRNA were absent. The research found donor blood useful for assessing T. pallidum molecular subtypes and antibiotic resistance, especially when chancres are not present. The prevalent subtype was 14d/f (51.85%), and the high macrolide resistance of 36 (78%) indicates caution in using macrolides for syphilis treatment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Eman H. Khalifa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al Baha, Al Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi M. Salih
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Manal S. A. Elseid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ullah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeä University Hospital Umeä, Umeä, Sweden
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ngomtcho SCH, Njike Ngo Biyong O, Ekwere TA, Wandji Takemegni JM, Mbah H, Makamdoum Bogne SM, Nkengkanna OA, Fouamno Kamga HL. Trends in immunological markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Mamfe District Hospital, Southwest Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:370. [PMID: 38566025 PMCID: PMC10985861 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is associated with exposure to blood Transfusion Transmissible Infection (TTIs). The threat posed by the blood-borne pathogens is disproportionately distributed in different healthcare facilities in Cameroon. Thus, there is a need for continuous surveillance of TTIs in the country. This study aimed to assess the screening procedure for blood transfusion and determine the trend in immunological markers of TTIs among blood donors at the Mamfe District Hospital. METHODS A prospective descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Mamfe District Hospital from March to May 2022. A total of 165 blood donors were recruited by the consecutive sampling method. Donors were screened using both Rapid diagnostic tests,T. pallidum haemagglutination test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of TTIs. Data generated was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the statistical software R, version 4.2.0. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of percentages, means ± standard deviation, and student t-test was used to compare both diagnostic techniques, and was considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS A hundred and sixty-five donors were enrolled in the study with a male preponderance giving a male-female sex ratio of 22.5 and a mean age of 32.23 ± 8.60 years. The majority (75.2%) of the donors were of the O-positive blood type, repeat donors (69.1%) and were mainly family replacement and paid donors as against the voluntary blood donors (39.4% and 37.0% vs. 23.6% respectively). overall TTIs prevalence was 18.78% (31/165) (), with HBsAg being the most predominant marker at 12.12% (20/165) followed by Treponema pallidum, HCV and HIV antibodies at 4.85 (8/165), 1.21%(2/165), 0.60% (1/165) respectively. Except for the HBV, The prevalence of TTIs was higher when using a single RDT than the ELISA test, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bloodborne pathogens remain a major menace to safe blood transfusion practice in Mamfe district hospital and their detection could be easily missed if the RDT method alone is used for donor screening. Therefore, the donor screening protocol in Mamfe District Hospital should systematically incorporate a confirmation diagnostic test such as ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Claudine Henriette Ngomtcho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Molecular biology and serology units, National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health , Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Olive Njike Ngo Biyong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Mamfe District Hospital, Mamfe, Cameroon
| | - Timothy Amos Ekwere
- Department of Haematology, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Jonas Merlin Wandji Takemegni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, New-bell District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Sandra Maella Makamdoum Bogne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Omer Aurelle Nkengkanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Henri Lucien Fouamno Kamga
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohamud AK, Inchon P, Suwannaporn S, Prasert K, Dirie NI. Assessment of prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Mogadishu Somalia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:690. [PMID: 38438851 PMCID: PMC10913210 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHOD A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC's HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. RESULT A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1-12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61-16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38-9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17-12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24-9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03-11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46-77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66-17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07-7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Khalif Mohamud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand
| | - Pamornsri Inchon
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand.
| | - Sirinan Suwannaporn
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Prasert
- Nakhon Phanom Provincial Hospital, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Dr Sumait Hospital, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang R, Yuan R, Gui X, Ke H, Zhuang K, Hu H, Li L, Feng L, Yu X, Yan Y, Luo M. Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Syphilis Coinfection in People With HIV/AIDS Contracted Through Different Sources: Retrospective Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e46750. [PMID: 38412004 PMCID: PMC10933743 DOI: 10.2196/46750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis coinfections remains disproportionately high among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hubei province is located in central China, where there are distinct regional characteristics of the distribution of people living with HIV/AIDS acquired via diverse transmission routes and the AIDS epidemic itself. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the magnitude of HBV, HCV, or syphilis coinfections among people living with HIV/AIDS with blood-borne transmission, which includes former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, as well as among people with sex-borne HIV transmission (including heterosexual people and men who have sex with men) and people with mother-to-child HIV transmission. METHODS From January 2010 to December 2020, people living with HIV/AIDS were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibodies, and syphilis-specific antibodies. The positive patients were further tested for HBV markers, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA, and received a rapid plasma reagin circle card test. All people living with HIV/AIDS were first divided into transmission groups (blood, sex, and mother-to-child); then, people with blood-borne HIV transmission were divided into former paid blood donors, contaminated blood recipients, and intravenous drug users, while people with sex-borne HIV transmission were divided into heterosexual people and men who have sex with men. RESULTS Among 6623 people living with HIV/AIDS, rates of chronic HCV infection were 80.3% (590/735) in former paid blood donors, 73.3% (247/337) in intravenous drug users, 57.1% (444/777) in contaminated blood recipients, 19.4% (21/108) in people with mother-to-child HIV transmission, 8.1% (240/2975) in heterosexual people, and 1.2% (21/1691) in men who have sex with men. Chronic HBV infection rates were similar among all people with blood-borne HIV transmission. However, compared to heterosexual people, the chronic HBV infection rate was greater in men who have sex with men (213/1691, 12.6% vs 308/2975, 10.4%; χ21=5.469; P=.02), although HBV exposure was less common (827/1691, 48.9% vs 1662/2975, 55.9%; χ21=20.982; P<.001). Interestingly, the combination of HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was found in 11 patients with sex-borne HIV transmission, but in 0 people with blood-borne HIV transmission (11/196, 5.6% vs 0/521, 0%; χ21=29.695, P<.001). In people with sex-borne HIV transmission, the proportions of patients with a syphilis titer ≥1:16 and neurosyphilis were 8.6% (105/1227) and 7.8% (37/473), respectively, whereas these values were 0 in people with blood-borne HIV transmission. CONCLUSIONS In people living with HIV/AIDS, HCV transmission intensity was significantly associated with specific exposure modes of blood or sexual contact. The rate of chronic HBV infection among men who have sex with men was higher than in any other population. Attention should be paid to the high prevalence of neurosyphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS who contract HIV by sexual intercourse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xien Gui
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengning Ke
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxia Yu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqi Luo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hadfield PY, Vechey GA, Bansah E, Nyahe M, Khuzwayo N, Tarkang EE. Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors in a Regional Hospital in Ghana: A 6-Year Trend Analysis (2017-2022). J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2024; 23:23259582241274305. [PMID: 39175401 PMCID: PMC11342317 DOI: 10.1177/23259582241274305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined the trends of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors in a regional hospital in Ghana from 2017 to 2022. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6339 blood donor records. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17.0 at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS The prevalence of TTIs was 31.4% in 2017, 13.8% in 2018, 20.4% in 2019, 9.5% in 2020, 9.6% in 2021, and 11.7% in 2022. There were significant associations between hepatitis C virus (HCV), Syphilis, and sex (OR = 2.06; 95% CI [1.29-3.30]; P = .003) and (OR = 2.28; 95% CI [1.48-3.54]; P < .001), respectively. Blood donors aged 20-29 were more likely to be infected with hepatitis B virus (OR = 1.96; 95% CI [1.28-2.99]; P = .002). Blood donors aged 40-49 had higher odds of infection with HCV (OR = 3.36; 95% CI [2.02-5.57]; P < .001) and Syphilis (OR = 3.79; 95% CI [2.45-5.87]; P < .001). CONCLUSION The study highlights the need to implement targeted prevention strategies for donors with a higher TTI prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Yeboah Hadfield
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Godwin Adjei Vechey
- School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | | | - Morkporkpor Nyahe
- School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Nelisiwe Khuzwayo
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Network Cameroon, Kumba, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quintas AE, Dias CC, Cogle ADC, Cordeiro L, Sarmento A. Seroprevalence of viral transfusion transmissible infections (HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, Syphilis) and coinfection among healthy volunteer blood donors during 5-years in Luanda, Angola. Braz J Infect Dis 2023; 27:103704. [PMID: 38036021 PMCID: PMC10698569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2023.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of diseases by blood products continues to be a worldwide health problem, especially in Africa. Seroprevalence rates of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis, and Coinfection in Angola are poorly documented. This study aims to identify the seroprevalence of markers with positive results for Hepatitis B, C, HIV, Syphilis, and Coinfection in blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using a database of positive serological markers for these infections and coinfection in 2734 blood donors traced from 2011 to 2016 in Luanda, Angola. The Chi-Square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate serological positivity and donors' characteristics. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 2734 blood donors aged 18 to 64 (median age 32 ± 9) were screened from 2011 to 2016. 73.9 % of the donors were positive for one Transfusion-Transmitted Infection (TTI), and 5.9 % showed evidence of multiple infections. The overall seroprevalence rate was 50.2 % (1373) for HBV, 20 % (436) for Syphilis, 7 % (191) for HIV, 5.1 % (140) for HCV, and 5.8 % for coinfected donors. 2467 (90 %) were men, and 267 (10 %) were women. We identified 118 (5.8 %) coinfected donors. Of those, 40 (33.9 %) simultaneously presented Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)/Syphilis, 24 (20.3 %) HBsAg/HIV, 22 (18.6 %) HBsAg/HCV, 20 (16.9 %) HIV/Syphilis, 8 (6.8 %) HCV/Syphilis, and 4 (3.4 %) HIV/HCV. CONCLUSION A high transfusion-transmissible infection prevalence was found compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, intensifying the screening for these transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors is critical to ensure blood safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Edna Quintas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Decisão em Saúde e Centro de Pesquisa em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal; Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Informação e Ciências da Decisão em Saúde (MEDCIDS) e Unidade de Gestão do Conhecimento, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lemuel Cordeiro
- Clínica Girassol, Department of Education Office, Luanda, Angola
| | - António Sarmento
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Departamento de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdurrahman G, Samukange W, Lyoko N, Shonhiwa NO, Kafere C, Nübling CM, Peeling RW, Reinhardt J. Regulation of blood-screening in vitro diagnostics in sub-Saharan African countries remains a challenge. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252721. [PMID: 37854664 PMCID: PMC10579816 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, blood must be screened for major transmitted infections before transfusion to prevent the possibility of passing an infection to the recipient. For accurate detection of infectious disease pathogens in the blood of donors, in-vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDs) of high specificity and sensitivity should be used. In mature healthcare systems, the regulatory authorities authorize the usage of devices with the highest performance capabilities, which are also controlled through active market oversight. However, in Sub-Saharan African countries, the regulation of IVDs is often poorly developed. With the lack of stringent regulatory oversight, IVDs of poor quality can be put on the market and used for blood donor screening, which, ultimately, poses a great public health threat. The BloodTrain is a humanitarian project from the Germany Federal Ministry of Health that aims to help strengthen the regulatory authorities in Sub-Saharan partner countries. Here, we present the status of IVD regulation in the partner countries and the objectives that the BloodTrain project aims to achieve in the region toward regulating IVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Abdurrahman
- TÜV Rheinland LGA Products GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Washington Samukange
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nyambe Lyoko
- Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Belkacemi M, Merbouh MA. Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus Among Blood Donors in Sidi Bel Abbes, West Algeria. Cureus 2023; 15:e47066. [PMID: 38022198 PMCID: PMC10644989 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood transfusions can transmit various viruses. Among them, the most common are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses can cause fatal and life-threatening diseases. Worldwide, many people are infected with these viruses. Blood safety has made major progress in recent years. Yet, blood-borne viruses continue to be a major concern for patients, physicians, and policymakers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in blood donors. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to assess HIV, HBV, and HCV seropositivity in blood donors. This research was carried out at the blood bank of Sidi Bel Abbes University Hospital. This was a retrospective study based on records of blood donors. All data of 10,386 donors were analyzed from January 2015 to December 2015. Biological screening was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies and/or antigens. The combined HCV and HIV antigen and antibody ELISA test was utilized. To confirm the results, the blood bank and the virology laboratory used the same technique in duplicate. Results The overall seroprevalence of blood-borne viral infections (HIV, HBV, and HCV) in blood donors was 0.8%. The prevalence of HIV was found to be 0.1%, while the prevalence of HBV and HCV was 0.4%. Coinfection was rare with only one case of HBV with HIV. There was a significant difference in seroprevalence rates among blood donors compared to the general population. Significant variations were observed between the prevalence of this study and those conducted in West, East, Central, and South African countries but not with those of neighboring North African countries. The study found no association between seropositivity in blood donors and factors like age, gender, donor status, type of donation, or site. Besides, HIV, HBV, or HCV prevalence was not influenced by ABO and Rhesus blood group. Conclusion The study showed that blood donors in Algeria have a lower prevalence of blood-borne viral infections than the general population. The seropositivity rate of viral markers was similar throughout North African countries. This rate remained low compared to other African countries. Residual risk of infection persists. There is a need to increase blood safety for recipients. This report is the first comprehensive overview of blood-borne viruses among Algerian blood donors. There is a need for further nationwide studies to get a whole picture of the situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malika Belkacemi
- Hemobiology and Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Establishment of Oran, Oran, DZA
- Medicine, Oran 1 University, Oran, DZA
| | - Mohammed Amine Merbouh
- Epidemiology and Preventive Diseases, Hassani Abdelkader University Hospital, Sidi Bel Abbes, DZA
- Medicine, Djilali Liabès University, Sidi Bel Abbes, DZA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rasool G, Khan AM, Malik IR, Riaz M, Tahir IM, Rehman AU, Abbas M. Reported Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Voluntary and Replacement Donors. Transfus Med Rev 2023:S0887-7963(23)00002-0. [PMID: 36959032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Arif Muhammad Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ogbenna AA, Akinsete AM, Kalejaiye OO, Matthew OK, Sharma D, Andrews J, Kassim AA. Reduction in seroprevalence of viral transfusion-transmitted infections in southwest Nigeria in children with sickle cell disease using an enhanced screening strategy. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:745-752. [PMID: 35719004 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is an integral component in the management of children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Concerns about blood safety due to the high risk of bloodborne infections in sub-Saharan Africa limits the application of this cost-effective strategy in the management of individuals with SCD. In a single-centre, retrospective, longitudinal study in southwest Nigeria, we hypothesised that the use of stringent blood donor selection, along with very sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening methods would reduce transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Among 45 002 eligible blood donors at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria, over a 5-year review period (2015-2019), the seroprevalence rate of viral TTIs was 9.83%. The seroprevalence rates for human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses were 1.37%, 6.2%, and 2.25% respectively. Among 172 children with SCD, 71% (122/172) on regular blood transfusion and 29% (50/172) who had never been transfused or had less than two transfusions per lifetime, none acquired any TTIs using our enhanced screening approach during the study period. Thus, safe blood transfusion practices can be provided for children with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa with the use of stringent donor selection protocols and fourth-generation ELISA kits for TTI screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann A Ogbenna
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeseye M Akinsete
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto O Kalejaiye
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oyewole Kunmi Matthew
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Deva Sharma
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer Andrews
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adetola A Kassim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center for Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kimpiatu JPM, Mbendi CN, Tshimpi AWY, Nkodila AN, Lepira FB, Mbendi SN, Mbutiwi F, Makulo JRR, Situakibanza HNT, Longo-Mbenza B. Factors Associated with Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in HIV-HBV and/or HCV Co-infected Patients in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Multicenter Cross-sectional Study. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2022; 13:RMMJ.10474. [PMID: 35701157 PMCID: PMC9345768 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Liver enzyme abnormalities (LEA) are extremely common and sometimes severe in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but data for this disorder are lacking in the developing countries. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with LEA in HIV-hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study included 180 people living with HIV (PLWHIV) mono-infected or co-infected with HBV/HCV between November 10, 2013 and January 10, 2014 in Kinshasa. Sociodemographic, clinical, biological, serological, and immunological data were analyzed. Levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were determined. Antibody levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The mean age of patients was 44.2±11.0 years; female sex was predominant (76.7%). Co-infection, mainly with HBV, but also HCV, was found in 43 (23.9%) patients. Elevated liver enzymes were found in 77 (42.8%) of the patients. No difference was found in the rate of liver enzyme abnormalities between patients with HIV mono-infection or HIV co-infection (46.7% versus 30.2%, respectively; P=0.08). Factors associated with LEA were age ≥50 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5), duration of HIV infection >3 years (adjusted OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5), and CD4 T cells count ≤303 cells/mm3 (adjusted OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1-4.5). CONCLUSIONS Liver enzyme abnormalities are frequent in patients co-infected with HIV-HBV/HCV as well as in HIV patients without co-infection. Diagnosis is determined based on age, immunodeficiency, and length of illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles N’lombi Mbendi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Protestant University in Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François Bompeka Lepira
- Department of Nephrology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sebastien Nsukini Mbendi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fiston Mbutiwi
- Department of Nephrology, University of Kikwit, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Department of Cardiology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Donor Blood Procurement, Safety, and Clinical Utilization: A Study of Blood Transfusion Services in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nigeria. Anemia 2022; 2022:2622291. [PMID: 35340624 PMCID: PMC8947933 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2622291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Donated blood is an essential component of the management of many diseases, and hospital-based blood banks in Nigeria are saddled with the responsibility of provision of safe blood and coordination of its appropriate utilization for patient care. Objective This study reviewed the extent to which the hospital blood transfusion service ensures adequate safe blood supply and utilization. Materials/Methods. This was a retrospective study of 2 years record of the blood bank service of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching. Methods of donor blood procurement, transfusion transmissible infection status, the pattern of blood, and blood component usage across the hospital's clinical departments were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS, and data were presented as percentages. Fisher's tests were used to test significance, and p value <0.05 is significant. Results The highest proportion of donors was male family replacement donors aged 26–35 years (3634 (39.68%)) while total voluntary donors were 315 (2.65%). Hepatitis B had the highest seroprevalence 267 (2.22%) among blood-borne diseases screened. National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) supplied only 3 (0.03%) of total blood units used. The accident and emergency department had the highest proportion of persons who utilized whole blood; 4568 (99.96%). Conclusion The hospital blood bank relies heavily on family replacement donors with little or no assistance from the National Blood Transfusion Service. Family replacement donors have the highest risk of TTIs, and hepatitis B infection has the highest prevalence. The high cost of blood component therapy increases the need for whole blood.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bhuiyea MSH, Faiyaz SR, Jaman N, Uddin MJ. Factors influencing voluntary blood donation practice among university students of Bangladesh. Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Hashemi E, Waheed U, Saba N, Wazeer A. First Report from Afghanistan on the Prevalence of Blood-Borne Infections: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study for an Epidemiological Assessment. J Blood Med 2022; 13:45-50. [PMID: 35027857 PMCID: PMC8752068 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s344180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transfusion of blood and blood components has a significant role in healthcare services. However, it remains a possible risk factor for blood-borne infections. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of serological markers of common blood-borne infections among the blood donor population of Afghanistan. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study based on retrospectively collected data over a period of six years from 284 blood centres across 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Every blood donor’s sample was tested by rapid immunoassays for the serological markers of blood-borne infections namely hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1/2 (anti-HIV1/2), and anti-Treponema pallidum (anti-TP). Results All blood donors during the study period were males. The majority of blood donations were from the family replacement category 56.93% (n = 544,568). The overall pooled prevalence of blood-borne infections was 4.36% with a comparatively higher percentage in family replacement donors 4.88%. The seropositivity for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV1/2, and anti-TP was 2.95%, 0.81%, 0.04%, and 0.54%, respectively. Conclusion Complete reliance on voluntary blood donors and screening with quality assured highly sensitive assay is recommended to ensure blood safety in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enayatullah Hashemi
- Afghan National Blood Safety and Transfusion Service, General Directorate of Curative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Afghan National Blood Safety and Transfusion Service, General Directorate of Curative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Mirpur Regional Blood Centre, State Ministry of Health, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peliganga LB, Mello VM, de Sousa PSF, Horta MAP, Soares ÁD, Nunes JPDS, Nobrega M, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Blood Donors in the Province of Bié, Angola, during a 15-Year Follow-Up, Imply the Need for Pathogen Reduction Technologies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121633. [PMID: 34959588 PMCID: PMC8705259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis, have a high global impact, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the trend of these infections over time in blood donors in Angola. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors in Angola from 2005 to 2020. Additionally, frozen samples obtained from blood donors in 2007 were investigated to identify chronic HCV carriers and possible occult HBV infection (OBI). The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis was 8.5, 3, 2.1, and 4.4%, respectively, among 57,979 blood donors. HBV was predominant among male donors, while the remaining TTIs were predominant among women. Donors >50 years had a significantly high prevalence for all TTIs. Chronic HCV infection was ab-sent in 500 samples tested and OBI was present in 3%. Our results show the continued high prev-alence of TTIs among blood donors in Angola. Most infections showed a significantly low preva-lence in years with campaigns seeking voluntary blood donors, thus, reinforcing the importance of this type of donor to ensure safe blood. Africa, with a high prevalence of diverse pathogens, should consider cost-effective pathogen reduction technologies, once they are commercially accessible, to increase the availability of safe blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Vinicius Motta Mello
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Sergio Fonseca de Sousa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | | | | | - João Pedro da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Vaccines, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-991-921-519
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Noori M, Shokri P, Nejadghaderi SA, Golmohammadi S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Bragazzi NL, Ansarin K, Kolahi AA, Arshi S, Safiri S. ABO blood groups and risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2298. [PMID: 34590759 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have seen a pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. ABO blood groups are anthropological and genetic characteristics of a population whose associations with HIV infection are still controversial. This systematic review with meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate whether certain blood groups may have associations with HIV infection. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched as of 6 September 2021. Grey literature was identified through screening Google Scholar, and reference lists of relevant studies. All observational studies providing data on ABO blood group distribution among HIV-infected and uninfected participants were included. Using a random effect model, risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to quantify this relationship. Fifty eligible studies with a total of 3,068,244 participants and 6508 HIV-infected cases were included. The overall analysis found that blood group AB increased the risk of HIV infection by 19% as compared with non-AB blood groups (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, p = 0.02). Pooled estimates for other blood groups failed to reach statistical significance. Subgroup analyses identified a positive relationship between AB blood group and HIV infection within Asia, patient populations (as opposed to blood donors and general populations), studies with lower sample sizes, high-income countries and studies with a moderate quality score. The sequential omission and re-analysis of studies within sensitivity analyses produced no change in the overall pooled effect. In conclusion, this study identified that blood group AB carriers were more susceptible to HIV infection. Future investigations should be directed toward clarification of the exact role of ABO blood groups in HIV infection and the possible underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourya Shokri
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Khalil Ansarin
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnam Arshi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ogar CO, Okpokam DC, Okoroiwu HU, Okafor IM. Comparative analysis of hematological parameters of first-time and repeat blood donors: Experience of a blood bank in southern Nigeria. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 44:512-518. [PMID: 34538762 PMCID: PMC9605908 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The safety of a blood transfusion practice is anchored on safe blood from a healthy donor, while further protecting the donor from future harm. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of blood donors in view of their donor category to aid in assessing the safety threshold in terms of donation frequency. Methods This study made use of the descriptive cross-sectional design. The blood donors were bled and their samples analyzed using a hematology autoanalyzer. Results A total of 178 male blood donors were recruited. Most of the donors were aged 18 to 39 years and were mostly students. A greater part of them were repeat donors who had donated blood more than four times. First- and second-time donors constituted the majority of the voluntary donors. While the total red cell count was significantly lower in repeat third-time donors, the hemoglobin and hematocrit of the first-time donors were significantly higher than those of the repeat fourth-time donors. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the first-time donors were significantly higher than those of the repeat fifth-time donors. The red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly lower in the first-time donors from those of the sixth- and seventh-time donors, respectively. Most of the fifth-time donors have subclinical anemia. There was more subclinical anemia in commercial donors than in voluntary donors. Conclusion Repeat donors more than fifth-time donors are at risk of donation-induced iron deficiency anemia.
Collapse
|
21
|
Saba N, Nasir JA, Waheed U, Aslam S, Mohammad I, Wazeer A, Ahmed S, Nisar M. Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2021; 13:162-168. [PMID: 34483564 PMCID: PMC8409124 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Blood transfusion is linked to several risks, most notably the transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. The risk posed by these blood-borne infectious agents is high in developing countries, including Pakistan. This fact stresses the need for regular surveillance of TTIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of TTIs at a regional blood center.
Material and Methods
This was a retrospective 4-year descriptive study undertaken at the Regional Blood Centre in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, on the blood donor data from June 2016 to May 2020. A total of 41,817 donors donated blood during the study period and were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. To ensure donor privacy, donors were identified via codes and no personal information was available. The data were extracted from the ZAAVIA blood transfusion information system database.
Results
The study included a total of 41,817 donors—41,493 (99.22%) males and 324 (0.78%) females. Of them, 22,343 (53.43%) were voluntary donors while 19,474 (46.57%) were replacement donors. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 4.61% was found. The TTI prevalence rate in voluntary donors was 3.90% while 5.42% in replacement donors. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.95, 1.38, 0.23, 0.91, and 0.14%, respectively.
Conclusion
The current study documented a high prevalence (1,929 out of 41,817, 4.61%) of TTIs, especially in replacement donors (1,057 out of 19,474, 5.42%), and low participation of female donors. The recommendations include the promotion of voluntary blood donors, enrolment of female blood donors, and screening of donated blood through highly sensitive screening assay (i.e., nucleic acid testing).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noore Saba
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Mohammad
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Melku M, Ambachew S, Enawgaw B, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Deressa T, Damtie D, Biadgo B, Tessema B, Geremew D, Kebede A, Woldu B, Teklu T, Shiferaw E. Sero-epidemiology and associated factors of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:778. [PMID: 34372772 PMCID: PMC8351159 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, comprehensive information about sero-epidemiology of major TTIs is lacking at the national level. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at providing the pooled estimate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia. METHODS Relevant studies published until May 31, 2019 were searched through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, HINARI, Cochrane database library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google. The methodological quality of articles was assessed using Joanna Brigg's Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence and analytical studies. The pooled sero-epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis were determined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's statistics. RESULTS A total of 7921 articles were retrieved, and 7798 were screened for eligibility after duplicates removed. Forty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; of which 45 were eligible for qualitative and quantitative synthesis: categorized as 36, 34, 31 and 23 studies for estimations of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis, respectively. In the random-effects model, the pooled sero-epidemiology of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis was 5.20, 2.83, 0.93 and 1.50%, respectively. Moreover, being a male blood donor was significantly associated with HBV and syphilis infection, whereas being a replacement blood donor was significantly associated with a high burden of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. CONCLUSION The pooled sero-epidemiology of major TTIs among blood donors was high. Therefore, there is a need to design prevention and control strategies in a comprehensive approach to reduce the burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Sintayehu Ambachew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Enawgaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Abebe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tekalign Deressa
- Ethiopian Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Biadgo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Tessema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Geremew
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asemarie Kebede
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Shiferaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alqahtani SM, A. Alsagaby S, Mir SA, Alaidarous M, Bin Dukhyil A, Alshehri B, Banawas S, Alturaiki W, Alharbi NK, Azad TA, Al Abdulmonem W. Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C among Blood Donors in the Northern Region of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080934. [PMID: 34442071 PMCID: PMC8394786 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C viral infections, which are the most common cause of liver infection worldwide, are major health issues around the globe. People with chronic hepatitis infections remain at risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, while also being a risk to other diseases. These infections are highly contagious in nature, and the prevention of hepatitis B and C transmission during blood transfusion is a major challenge for healthcare workers. Although epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B and C infections in blood donors in Saudi Arabia have been previously investigated in multiple studies, due to targeted cohorts and the vast geographical distribution of Saudi Arabia, there are a lot of missing data points, which necessitates further investigations. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections among blood donors in the northern region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS To determine the given objectives, a retrospective study was performed which included data gathered from serological as well as nucleic acid test (NAT) screening of blood donors. Clinical data of 3733 blood donors were collected for a period of 2 years (from January 2019 to December 2020) at the blood bank of King Khalid General Hospital and the associated blood banks and donation camps in the region. Statistical analysis of the clinical data was performed using SPSS. RESULTS The blood samples of 3733 donors were analyzed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among the blood donors in the northern region of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among the total of 3733 blood donors, 3645 (97.65%) were men and 88 (2.36%) were women. Most of the donors were younger than 27 years of age (n = 1494). The most frequent blood group in our study was O-positive (n = 1534), and the least frequent was AB-negative (n = 29). After statistically analyzing the clinical data, we observed that 7 (0.19%), 203 (5.44%) and 260 (6.96%) donor blood samples were positive for the HBV serological markers HBsAgs, HBsAbs and HBcAbs, respectively, and 12 (0.32%) blood samples reacted positively to anti-HCV antibodies. Moreover, 10 (0.27%) and 1 (0.027%) samples were NAT-HBV positive and NAT-HCV positive, respectively. CONCLUSION In the current study, low prevalence rates of HBV and HCV were observed in the blood donors. Statistical correlations indicated that both serological tests and NATs are highly effective in screening potential blood donors for HBV and HCV, which, in turn, prevents potential transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammed Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Suliman A. Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(0)16-404-2838
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.); (A.B.D.); (B.A.); (S.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif Anwar Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Souan L, Siag M, Al-Salahat H, Al-Atrash T, Sughayer MA. Changing trends in seroprevalence rates of transfusion-transmitted diseases among blood donors in Jordan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 34059011 PMCID: PMC8165764 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B and C infections and transmission are a serious challenge to all healthcare systems. We studied seroprevalence rates of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases (TTD) among blood bank donors in Jordan from 2014 to 2019 as a follow-up study of our previously published work. In addition, we wanted to explore the efficacy of the mandatory vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus (HBV) which was implemented by the Ministry of Health since 1995 for the eradication of HBV infection in Jordan. Methods We reviewed blood bank donors’ records at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) from January 1st, 2014, until December 31st, 2019. Results of seropositivity prevalence rates for HBsAg, anti-HBcore, and anti-HCV, using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) were compared to seropositivity rates from our previously published data. In addition, our results were compared to data obtained from other blood banks in Jordan, as well as compared to published information from blood banks in neighboring countries. Results The prevalence rates (%) of seropositive blood donors for viral hepatitis for the years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, were as follows: HBsAg rates were 0.3386, 0.2108, 0.1801, 0.1898, 0.2068, and 0.2741; anti-HBcore rates were 4.1112, 3.2271, 2.9748, 2.8405, 2.6879 and 3.0986; and anti-HCV rates were 0.1129, 0.0486, 0.0548, 0.0654, 0.0782, and 0.0839, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBcore and Anti-HCV antibodies in 2019 (one sample z-score test, p < 0.00001). Conclusions Prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among Jordanian blood bank donors showed a steady decline between 2009 and 2017, and these rates were much lower in Jordan than in neighboring countries. However, an increase in the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among blood bank donors was documented in 2019. While the reasons for this increase are not clear yet, these findings highlight the importance of renewed efforts to increase public health awareness of HBV and implement effective measures to prevent the transmission and infection with HBV, including national vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud Siag
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Al-Salahat
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Al-Atrash
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Souan L, Siag M, Al-Salahat H, Al-Atrash T, Sughayer MA. Changing trends in seroprevalence rates of transfusion-transmitted diseases among blood donors in Jordan. BMC Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 34059011 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06196-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C infections and transmission are a serious challenge to all healthcare systems. We studied seroprevalence rates of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases (TTD) among blood bank donors in Jordan from 2014 to 2019 as a follow-up study of our previously published work. In addition, we wanted to explore the efficacy of the mandatory vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus (HBV) which was implemented by the Ministry of Health since 1995 for the eradication of HBV infection in Jordan. METHODS We reviewed blood bank donors' records at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) from January 1st, 2014, until December 31st, 2019. Results of seropositivity prevalence rates for HBsAg, anti-HBcore, and anti-HCV, using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) were compared to seropositivity rates from our previously published data. In addition, our results were compared to data obtained from other blood banks in Jordan, as well as compared to published information from blood banks in neighboring countries. RESULTS The prevalence rates (%) of seropositive blood donors for viral hepatitis for the years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, were as follows: HBsAg rates were 0.3386, 0.2108, 0.1801, 0.1898, 0.2068, and 0.2741; anti-HBcore rates were 4.1112, 3.2271, 2.9748, 2.8405, 2.6879 and 3.0986; and anti-HCV rates were 0.1129, 0.0486, 0.0548, 0.0654, 0.0782, and 0.0839, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBcore and Anti-HCV antibodies in 2019 (one sample z-score test, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among Jordanian blood bank donors showed a steady decline between 2009 and 2017, and these rates were much lower in Jordan than in neighboring countries. However, an increase in the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among blood bank donors was documented in 2019. While the reasons for this increase are not clear yet, these findings highlight the importance of renewed efforts to increase public health awareness of HBV and implement effective measures to prevent the transmission and infection with HBV, including national vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud Siag
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Al-Salahat
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Al-Atrash
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emadi B, Ghahraman Rezaieh M, Sedighi M. Seroprevalence and trends of transfusion transmissible infections among retrospective blood donors in Western Azerbaijan Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Iran: A ten-years evaluation. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103132. [PMID: 33846093 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) have been a public health challenge for the accessibility, quality and safety of blood transfusion. The present study aimed to consider the prevalence and the trends of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis across the ten years among retrospective blood donors. A retrospective investigation of blood donors' data covering the period from 22 May 2009 to 22 May 2019 was done. Data was accumulated and analyzed from Blood Transfusion Center records, pertaining to all donors who were screened for various TTIs using respective immunological techniques. Out of the 682,171 screened donors in the 2009-2019 study period, 2470 (0.36 %) were infected with at least one infectious agent. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, HIV and syphilis were 1700 (0.25 %), 184 (0.027 %), 335 (0.05 %), 4 (0.0.05 %) and 247 (0.036 %), respectively. The study showed male dominated donor pool (96.79 %) with higher prevalence (0.34 %) of TTIs compared to female donors (0.02 %) with 3.21 % population. Despite the low prevalence of TTIs in our study, HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV have remained a big threat to safe blood transfusion in Iran. Strict adherence to selection criteria, algorithm of donor screening, use of highly sensitive and specific methods for detection of TTIs, regular consultation and health education programs, prevention and sanitization strategies to reduce the risk of TTIs are recommended to reduce the risk of TTIs and ensure the safety of blood transfusion for recipient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Emadi
- Azarbaijan-Gharbi Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Mansour Sedighi
- Azarbaijan-Gharbi Regional Blood Transfusion Center, Urmia, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Transfusion-Transmitted Infections and associated risk factors at the Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center in Tanzania: A study of blood donors between 2017 and 2019. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249061. [PMID: 33760870 PMCID: PMC7990303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion saves many people every year that would otherwise have died. The present study aimed to provide an update and insightful information regarding prevalence of the common Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) and associated factors among blood donors in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving retrospectively collected data of blood donors from the Tanzania Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center between 2017 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe characteristics of the blood donors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine association between prevalence of TTIs and socio-demographic factors. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 101, 616 blood donors were included in the present study of which 85,053(83.7%) were males while 16,563 (16.3%) were females. Of all participants, the majority 45,400 (44.7%) were aged between 18 and 25 years; 79,582 (78.3%) were voluntary non-remunerated donors while 22,034 (21.7%) were replacement donors. The vast majority of them 99,626 (98%) were first time blood donors while 1990 (2%) were multiple donors. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 10.1% (10,226 out of 101,616) of which the leading was HBV accounting for 5.1% (5,264 out of 101,616). Being a replacement donor was associated with all the four types of TTIs: HIV (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.10–1.35), HBV (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.27–1.44), HCV (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.12–1.46), and syphilis (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.20–1.48). Conclusions Our study has demonstrated that Tanzania has relatively high prevalence of TTIs compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. HBV infection seems to be the most common infection among blood donors and replacement blood donors are at a higher risk of harboring the commonest TTIs among blood donors.
Collapse
|
28
|
Okoroiwu HU, Okafor IM, Asemota EA, Ogar CO, Uchendu IK. Coping with COVID-19 pandemic in blood transfusion services in West Africa: the need to restrategize. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 43:119-125. [PMID: 33714719 PMCID: PMC8211632 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The West African region has been lagging in terms of the availability of, and accessibility to, safe blood. According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Status Report on Blood Safety and Availability, none of the West African countries met the WHO benchmark of 10 blood units per 1000 inhabitants. This study is aimed at discussing the blood transfusion status of West African countries in the pre-COVID-19 period and analyze the capacity to respond to the COVID-19 blood crisis, as well as to outline the panacea. Methods Secondary data were extracted from published reports, journal articles and web pages, reviewed and analyzed. Result All the West African countries have recorded confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. The confirmed cases have reached 55,697, with 1069 deaths and a fatality rate of 1.9%, as of June 17, 2020. The assessed countries lagged in most of the WHO benchmarks for effective blood transfusion services. Conclusion Blood transfusion services in the West African region lacked the basic benchmark practice and policy, are not coordinated and may find it hard to tackle the blood transfusion crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
29
|
Olusola BA, Olaleye DO, Odaibo GN. New infections and HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4891-4900. [PMID: 33590935 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There were approximately 37.9 million persons infected with HIV in 2018 globally, resulting in 770,000 deaths annually. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, with countries like Nigeria being seriously affected. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of new infections globally. To control HIV infection in Nigeria, there is a need to continually screen high-risk groups for early HIV infection and subtypes using very sensitive methods. In this study, new HIV-1 infection and circulating HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors were determined. Performance characteristics of three commercial EIA kits were also evaluated. METHODS In total, 1028 participants were recruited for the study. New HIV-1 infection and subtypes were determined using enzyme immunoassays and molecular techniques, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreements were compared among the EIA kits using PCR-confirmed HIV-positive and negative samples. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HIV infection in this study was 5.35%. The rate of new HIV infection was significantly different (p < .03674) among 1028 febrile persons (Ibadan: 2.22%; Saki: 1.36%) and blood donors (5.07%) studied. Three subtypes, CRF02_AG, A, and G, were found among those with new HIV infection. Whereas the commercial ELISA kits had very high specificities (94.12%, 100%, and 100%) for HIV-1 detection, Alere Determine HIV-1 antibody rapid kit had the lowest sensitivity score (50%). CONCLUSION Genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains among infected individuals in Oyo State, Nigeria, is still relatively high. This high level of diversity of HIV-1 strains may impact the reliability of diagnosis of the virus in Nigeria and other African countries where many of the virus strains co-circulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde A Olusola
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - David O Olaleye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Georgina N Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wongjarupong N, Oli S, Sanou M, Djigma F, Kiba Koumare A, Yonli AT, Hassan MA, Mara K, Harmsen WS, Therneau T, Barro O, Vodounhessi G, Sawadogo S, Chamcheu JC, Simpore J, Roberts LR, Nagalo BM. Distribution and Incidence of Blood-Borne Infection among Blood Donors from Regional Transfusion Centers in Burkina Faso: A Comprehensive Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1577-1581. [PMID: 33617474 PMCID: PMC8045619 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of blood-borne infections in West Africa. This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of blood-borne infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, and syphilis, in blood donors in Burkina Faso. Blood donors were recruited from 2009 to 2013 in four major cities in Burkina Faso of urban area (Ouagadougou) and rural area (Bobo Dioulasso, Fada N’Gourma, and Ouahigouya). Serology tests including hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and rapid plasma reagin test were used for screening and were confirmed with ELISA. Disease prevalence was calculated among first-time donors. Incidence and residual risk were calculated from repeat donors. There were 166,681 donors; 43,084 had ≥ 2 donations. The overall seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 13.4%, 6.9%, 2.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. The incidence rates (IRs) of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infection were 2,433, 3,056, 1,121, and 1,287 per 100,000 person-years. There was lower seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in urban area than in rural area (12.9% versus 14.0%, P < 0.001; and 5.9% versus 8.0%, P < 0.001), and no difference in HIV (2.1% versus 2.1%, P = 0.25). The IRs of new HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 2.43, 3.06, 1.12, and 1.29 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The residual risk was one per 268 donations for HBV, one per 181 donations for HCV, and one per 1,480 donations for HIV, respectively. In conclusion, this comprehensive study from four blood donation sites in Burkina Faso showed high HBV and HCV seroprevalence and incidence with high residual risk from blood donation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Wongjarupong
- 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota.,2Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharad Oli
- 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mahamoudou Sanou
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Djigma
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Alice Kiba Koumare
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Albert T Yonli
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kristin Mara
- 4Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William S Harmsen
- 4Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Terry Therneau
- 4Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Oumar Barro
- 5Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ghislaine Vodounhessi
- 6Centre National de Transfusion sanguine du Burkina Faso (National Center for Blood Transfusion in Burkina Faso), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Salam Sawadogo
- 6Centre National de Transfusion sanguine du Burkina Faso (National Center for Blood Transfusion in Burkina Faso), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- 7School of BPTS, Louisiana College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Jacques Simpore
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- 1Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bolni M Nagalo
- 3Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, University of Ouaga I Joseph Ki Zerbo (JKZ), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,5Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ogar CO, Okoroiwu HU, Obeagu EI, Etura JE, Abunimye DA. Assessment of blood supply and usage pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic: A lesson from non-voluntary donation. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:68-72. [PMID: 33080420 PMCID: PMC7836417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring steady stream of safe blood is the ultimate goal of blood transfusion practice. The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every part of life and economy. Consequently, this study sets off to assess the effect of the pandemic on blood supply and blood transfusion in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. METHODS Data from the Donor Clinic and Blood Group Serology Unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were retrospectively extracted to evaluate supply and use of blood before and during COVID-19 pandemic. RESULT A total of 1638 donors were recorded within the study period. Age range 15-29 and 30-44 years constituted majority of the subjects (58.9% and 33.4%, respectively). The donor pool were male-dominated. Commercial donors (61.7%) and family replacement donors (30.6%) constituted majority of the donor pool. Most of the donor pool were students (37.1%), public servants (22.8%) and artisans (18.6%). A concomitant decrease of 26.1% and 18.9% were recorded in blood donation and request during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Blood supply was not significantly affected in our study center as both requests and donations decreased. Consideration for improving family replacement donation was advised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C O Ogar
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - H U Okoroiwu
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - E I Obeagu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Nigeria
| | - J E Etura
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - D A Abunimye
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abebe M, Alemnew B, Biset S. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Donors in Nekemte Blood Bank, Western Oromia, Ethiopia: Retrospective 5 Years Study. J Blood Med 2020; 11:543-550. [PMID: 33408547 PMCID: PMC7780986 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s282099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the greatest threats to blood safety for the recipient. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and trends of HBV and HCV infections among blood donors over a period of 5 years at Nekemte blood bank, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019 at Nekemte blood bank. The recorded blood donors' history and laboratory tests were reviewed by data collectors analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 software. A p-value of less than 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 17,810 consecutive blood donors were screened between January 2015 and December 2019. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 3.06% and 0.64%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV was significantly associated with male (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.91), unmarried (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.79, 2.51) and rural (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.05) blood donors. The prevalence of HCV was significantly associated with blood donor those were male (AOR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.91), within 45-65 years of age (AOR: 3.56: 95% CI: 1.14, 3.99) and unmarried (AOR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.65, 3.96). Conclusion The current study shows the prevalence of hepatitis B virus was higher among study participants. However, the prevalence of HCV was low compared to the study conducted in other countries in Africa, a substantial percentage of the blood donors harbor HCV infections. Therefore, it is recommended to increase awareness of people (particularly on unmarried, male and rural resident) on modes of transmission and prevention of infection could help in reducing the burden of both HBV and HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milkias Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Alemnew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Wolidia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sirak Biset
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okafor IM, Ugwu SO, Okoroiwu HU. Hepatitis C virus infection and its associated factors among prisoners in a Nigerian prison. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33126856 PMCID: PMC7602341 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prison population is considered at high risk of acquiring infectious diseases due to confined conditions, behavioral factors, injection drug use, unprotected sexual activity, non-professional tattooing and scarification, and needle sharing. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood borne pathogen mostly transmitted via percutaneous exposure that results in inflammation of the liver. It is one of the public health problem worldwide and is the principal cause of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. The study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of HCV among prison inmates in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria and the associated factors. Methods The study took a descriptive cross sectional approach using multi-stage sampling technique. One hundred and forty-two (142) prison inmates within the age range of 18–50 years and above were recruited for this study. Result Forty two (42); [29.6%] of the participating prison inmates were seropositive for HCV. Gender stratification showed that 31.0% of the males were seropositive for HCV while 15.4% of the females were seropositive for HCV. Fisher exact test showed that gender, age, marital status, occupation and level of education had no association in distribution of seroprevalence of HCV (p > 0.05) but the duration in prison was significantly associated with distribution of seropositivity of HCV in the studied population (p < 0.05). Bivariate logistic regression showed that tattoo/scarification, injection drug use, history of blood transfusion, sexual experience, shaving equipment sharing and multiple sexual partners were not risk factor for distribution of HCV prevalence in the studied population (p > 0.05). However, 23.5% who had tattoo/scarification, 29.6% who used injection drug, 33.3% who had history of blood transfusion, 29.8% who had sexual experience, 21.2% who shared shaving equipment, and 28.3% who had multiple sex partners were seropositive for HCV. Conclusion Approximately 29.6% prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection observed among inmates studied is high and calls for concern. Attitude and behaviors by inmates such as tattooing/scarification, injection drugs use, sharing of shaving equipment, multiple sexual partners should be discouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa M Okafor
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon O Ugwu
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Henshaw U Okoroiwu
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abdella S, Moshago Berheto T, Tolera G, Belete W, Deressa T, Feleke A, H/silassie A, Gezahegn N, Tadesse D, Tefera M, Dillnessa E, Kinfu A, Abate E, Kifle T. Sero-prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections: HIV, Hepatitis B, C and Treponema pallidum and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241086. [PMID: 33119668 PMCID: PMC7595291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure that has proven to be effective in saving millions of lives. However, its safety is still a crucial issue that needs due attention. Unsafe blood transfusion is one of the sources of transmission for infectious agents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence of Transfusion Transmittable Infections (TTIs) such as Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum, and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to measure the prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections using data collected from 2014 to 2019 in fourteen blood bank facilities in Ethiopia. Screening of HIV, HBV and HCV was done by using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Presence of Treponema pallidum infection was assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR). Records of blood donors were collected using a checklist from Central Blood Bank Laboratory (BBL) electronic database and reviewed. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with cumulative TTIs positivity, and for each of the transfusion transmittable infection. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 554,954 blood donors in the fourteen blood bank facilities from 2014–2019 was included in the study. The overall sero-prevalence of HBV, Treponema pallidum, HIV and HCV, was 2.4%, 0.9%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. The prevalence of TTIs was comparatively higher in 2014, 5.70% and lowest in 2019, 3.40%. The odds of screening HBV in blood donors in age group of 35–39 and 40–44 were 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] and 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] respectively. The odds of screening HCV in blood donors in the age group of 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 were 1.3 [1.1, 1.5], 1.3 [1.1, 1.7] and 1.7 [1.2, 2.2] respectively. The likelihood of having at least one infection among blood donors was 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] times in male blood donors compared to female. The odds of getting at least one TTI and Treponema pallidum in unemployed blood donors were 2.4 [2.0, 2.8] and 8.1 [6.1, 10.7] respectively. The probability of getting those who have at least one TTIs, HBV and Treponema pallidum were higher in blood donors those who live in Semi Urban and Rural parts of the country than those who live in Urban areas. The odds of having at least one TTI, HBV and HCV in blood donors with mobile mode of blood donation were 1.4 [1.3, 1.6], 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], and 1.6 [1.1, 2.2]. Conclusion The current magnitudes of TTIs are lower when compared to other previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Older age, male, occupation, donations from mobile sites, residents of semi urban and rural settings were found to be strongly associated with sero-positivity of TTIs. Hence, strict donor screening and testing particularly taking the above factors into consideration is strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Altaye Feleke
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Demewoz Tadesse
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Tefera
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abiy Kinfu
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okoroiwu HU, Uchendu KI, Essien RA. Causes of morbidity and mortality among patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: A 6 year evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237313. [PMID: 32841255 PMCID: PMC7447063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on morbidity and mortality are essential in assessing disease burden, monitoring and evaluation of health policies. The aim of this study is to describe the causes of morbidity and mortality in the wards of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). METHODS The study took a retrospective approach evaluating causes of morbidity and mortality from 2012-2017. Causes of death were documented based on International Classification of Disease 10 (ICD-10). Data were retrieved from health records department, UCTH. RESULTS Overall, 2,198 deaths were recorded out of the 49,287 admissions during the study period giving a mortality rate of 4.5% comprising 1,152 (52.4%) males and 1,046 (47.6%) females. A greater number of males were admitted via accident and emergency. Age group 15-45 years had the highest number of admissions (57.9%) and deaths (37.7%), while age group >65 years recorded the highest number of deaths per admission (9.7% mortality rate). The broad leading causes of death were infectious and parasitic disease and diseases of the circulatory system (cardiovascular diseases) accounting for 22.7% and 15.8% of all deaths, respectively. However, diseases of the circulatory system recorded the highest number of deaths per admission (13.7% mortality rate). Overall, infectious diseases were the chief cause of mortality in adults while conditions originating from perinatal period were the major cause of death in children. Septicemia (6.0%), stroke (4.2%), liver diseases (4.1%), tuberculosis (3.7%), diabetes (3.6%) and HIV/AIDS (3.4%) were the specific leading cases of deaths. Sepsis, chronic diseases of the tonsil and adenoids and malaria were the specific leading causes of death in children, while sepsis, stroke and liver diseases were the leading cause of death in adults. CONCLUSION Most causes of deaths in this study are preventable. This study revealed double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Ikenna Uchendu
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Rita A. Essien
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chimungu B, Fu M, Wu J, Wu J, Huang L, Dai Y, Tang S, Zhang J, Wan C. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among foreigners living in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study (2010-2017). BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:345. [PMID: 32410628 PMCID: PMC7222532 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-04995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of HIV/HCV/HBV/ Treponema pallidum is an essential health issue in China. However, there are few studies focused on foreigners living in China. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of HIV, HBV, HCV, and T. pallidum among foreigners in Guangzhou in the period of 2010-2017. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen serological samples of 40,935 foreigners from 2010 to 2017 at the Guangdong International Travel Health Care Center in Guangzhou. Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, syphilis antibody (anti-TPPA) and anti-HIV 1 and 2. We collected secondary data from laboratory records and used multiple logistic regression analyses to verify the association between different factors and the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV/HCV/ T. pallidum. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV/HCV/HIV/ T. pallidum was 2.30, 0.42, 0.02, and 0.60%, respectively, and fluctuated slightly for 7 years. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that males were less susceptible to HBV than females (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89). Participants under the age of 20 had a lower risk of HBV (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.35), HCV (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02-0.18), and T. pallidum (OR = 0. 10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.20) than participants over the age of 50. Participants with an education level below high school were more likely to have HBV (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.89-4.70) than others, and businessmen (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.03-4.49), and designers (OR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.49-5.90) had a higher risk of T. pallidum than others. Co-infection involved 58 (4.20%) total cases, and the highest co-infection rate was observed for HBV and T. pallidum (2.60%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV/HCV/HIV/ T. pallidum was low among foreigners in Guangzhou. Region, gender, age, educational level, and occupation were risk factors for positive infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benard Chimungu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Clinical laboratory, Guangdong International Travel Health Care Center, Guangzhou, 510635, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingchun Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Clinical laboratory, Guangdong International Travel Health Care Center, Guangzhou, 510635, China.
| | - Chengsong Wan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ekere EF, Mirabeau TY, Okoroiwu HU. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in HIV-infected subjects on cotrimoxazole antimalarial prophylaxis attending a tertiary health care center in southern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Germs 2020; 10:44-50. [PMID: 32274359 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Co-infection has become a major contributor to increased burden of morbidity and mortality in HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in the HIV-infected subjects on antimalarial prophylaxis and provide information to improve management of HIV subjects. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a purposive sampling. Microscopy method was used for the confirmation of malaria parasitemia status. The study was performed in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, a major tertiary health institution within the period of January to June 2016 involving 100 participants. Results The majority (65%) of the study participants were females. The majority of the studied population belonged to the age range 33-38 years old. Most (45%) of the patients had CD4 count ≥500 cells/µL. The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was found to be 13% (13/100). The distribution of asymptomatic malaria based on gender and age were found not to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Subjects with CD4 count in the range of 200-499 cells/µL had the highest prevalence (24.39%) of asymptomatic malaria. Conclusions Considering that all the studied participants were on antimalarial prophylaxis, it signals a public health concern to employ more intensive preventive methods in addition to antimalaria prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekerette Friday Ekere
- PhD, Hematology Laboratory, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1278, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tatfeng Youtchou Mirabeau
- PhD, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, P.M.B. 071, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- MSc, Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ekere EF, Useh MF, Okoroiwu HU, Mirabeau TY. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) profile of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Southern Nigeria. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 31900106 PMCID: PMC6942402 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 is the main HIV co-receptor involved in the virus and cell-to-cell spread. A variant of the CCR5 gene known as CCR5-Δ32 which is a product of 32 base pair deletion in the gene plays critical role in the infection and progression to AIDS. The study was carried out to determine the CCR5 genotype of HIV-infected subjects attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. METHODS A total of 100 subjects attending HIV clinic, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were purposively recruited for this study. DNA was extracted from each sample using the Quick gDNA miniprep DNA extraction kit, Zymo Research. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in the amplification of CCR5 gene in each DNA in a 9700 ABI Thermo cycler and then resolved on 4% agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULT Out of the 100 samples assessed, 100 (100%) were homozygous for the CCR5 wild type gene (CCR5-wt), while none (0%) was homozygous for the CCR5-Δ32 (mutant type), and heterozygosity was not observed. CONCLUSION This study observed absence of CCR5-Δ32 deletion gene among the studied subjects in Calabar, implying lack of genetic advantage in HIV infection and possible rapid progression towards AIDS if other precautions are not checked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monday F Useh
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Tatfeng Youtchou Mirabeau
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amassama, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Waheed U, Saba N, Wazeer A, Arshad M, Zaheer H. Epidemiology of syphilis in blood donors in Pakistan. GLOBAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_69_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
40
|
Fong IW. Blood Transfusion-Associated Infections in the Twenty-First Century: New Challenges. CURRENT TRENDS AND CONCERNS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7120358 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36966-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusions are vital components of modern medical treatment to which there is no viable alternative despite efforts to create artificial blood. Each year thousands of lives are saved by blood transfusions in every country of the world. However, blood and blood products can result in significant adverse events including immunologic reactions, infections, inefficacy, and others which can sometimes result in death and severe disability. Thus, the sustainability of safe blood systems and costs are considered to be at crisis level. In industrialized countries, the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections such as HIV, syphilis, hepatitis viruses B and C are very low [generally [<1 in a million units], but in developing countries [especially in Africa] blood safety is still not assured. Compounding the problem of blood/product safety with respect to infectious agents are new emerging infectious microbes that are not being routinely tested for in blood that are donated. This chapter reviews the infectious risk of blood transfusions, types, mode and geographic variation, and the methods being used by blood services to attenuate and prevent these risks.
Collapse
|
41
|
Jary A, Dienta S, Leducq V, Le Hingrat Q, Cisse M, Diarra AB, Fofana DB, Ba A, Baby M, Achenbach CJ, Murphy R, Calvez V, Marcelin AG, Maiga AI. Seroprevalence and risk factors for HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis among blood donors in Mali. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1064. [PMID: 31856758 PMCID: PMC6921458 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV, HBV and HCV remain a global public health concern especially in Africa. Prevalence of these infections is changing and identification of risk factors associated with each infection in Mali is needed to improve medical care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of all individuals donating blood (n = 8207) in 2018 to the blood bank at university hospital in Bamako, Mali, to assess prevalence and risks factors associated with HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infections. Results HIV-seroprevalence was 2.16% and significantly increased with age, being married and decreasing education level. In multivariate analysis, after adjustements with age, marital status and geographical setting, only education level was associated with HIV-infection (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.15–2.07], p = 0.016). HBsAg prevalence was 14.78% and significantly increased with to be male gender. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, marital status and type of blood donation, education level (OR, 1.17 [95%CI, 1.05–1.31], p = 0.02) and male gender (OR, 1.37 [95%CI, 1.14–1.65], p = 0.005) were associated with HBV-infection. HCV-prevalence was 2.32% and significantly increased with living outside Bamako. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for gender, age and education level, living outside Bamako was associated with HCV-infection (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.41–2.35], p < 0.001). Syphilis seroprevalence was very low (0.04%) with only 3 individuals infected. Contrary to a prior study, blood donation type was not, after adjustments, an independent risk factor for each infection. Conclusions Overall, HIV and HBV infection was higher in individuals with a lower level of education, HBV infection was higher in men, and HCV infection was higher in people living outside of Bamako. Compared to studies performed in 1999, 2002 and 2007 in the same population, we found that HIV and HCV prevalence have decreased in the last two decades whereas HBV prevalence has remained stable. Our finding will help guide infection prevention and treatment programs in Mali.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Jary
- Department of Virology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Sidi Dienta
- Département de Biologie Médicale, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali
| | - Valentin Leducq
- Department of Virology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Department of Virology, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mahamadou Cisse
- Département de Biologie Médicale, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Djeneba B Fofana
- Department of Virology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alhassane Ba
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mounirou Baby
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Bamako, Mali
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Northwestern University, Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Murphy
- Northwestern University, Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Department of Virology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Department of Virology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Almoustapha I Maiga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, CHU Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.,Université des Sciences Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, USTTB, Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le VIH et la Tuberculose SEREFO, Bamako, Mali
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Coco-Bassey SB, Asemota EA, Okoroiwu HU, Etura JE, Efiong EE, Inyang IJ, Uko EK. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and some hematological parameters of HIV-seropositive subjects attending clinic in University of Calabar teaching hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31703562 PMCID: PMC6842150 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the numerous intervention programmes, HIV still remains a public health concern with a high impact in Sub-Saharan Africa region. Oxidative stress has been documented in HIV subjects as viral infection promotes prolonged activation of immune system, hence, production of increased reactive oxygen species. METHODS We studied 180 subjects. Of these, 60 were HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 40 were ART naïve HIV-infected and 80 were apparent healthy non HIV-infected subjects. The complete blood count was performed by automated hemoanalyzer, the CD4+ T-cell count was performed by cyflow cytometer, while the antioxidant assay was performed using ELISA technique. RESULT All evaluated parameters; glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), CD4+ T-cell count, haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the HIV-infected subjects. All assessed parameters were found to be significantly (P < 0.5) reduced in the HIV-infected subjects that are ART naive when compared with those on ART. HIV-infected subjects with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/mm3 had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced values in all assessed parameters when compared to those with CD4+ T-cell count ≥200 cells/mm3. GSH and WBC were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the female HIV-infected subjects when compared with the male counterpart. Anemia prevalence of 74 and 33% were recorded for the HIV-infected and control subjects, respectively. Gender and ART treatment were found to be associated with anemia in HIV. Male HIV-infected subjects on ART were found to be more likely to have anemia. CONCLUSION Antioxidants; GSH and GPX were found to be significantly reduced in HIV infection. Further probe showed that the antioxidant status was improved in the HIV-infected group on ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enosakhare A Asemota
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | - Joyce E Etura
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Imeobong J Inyang
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel K Uko
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eren C. An analysis on HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV½ and VDRL test results in blood donors according to gender, age range and years. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219709. [PMID: 31536507 PMCID: PMC6752833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood transfusion is the most frequently used and life-saving therapeutic procedure today. Transmission of virus, bacteria and parasitic microorganisms may occur due to transfusion (Transfusion transmitted infections-TTIs). Hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) bear the risk of transmission by transfusion. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HIV½ and syphilis antibody (VDRL: Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) are routinely controlled in all donated blood samples. The aim of the present study was to analyze the seroprevalence rates of blood donors through screening test results according to duration, age range and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of all blood donors obtained from blood Centre of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 and October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Serum samples of the donors were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV½ and VDRL. Test results of 114.240 donors were scanned. Gender, age range and distribution by years of these donors were analyzed. According to age distribution of donors were divided into 4 groups. RESULTS There were 114.240 participants including 106.153 (92.9%) males and 8.087 (7.1%) females. The positivity rate of HBsAg was detected 0.4% (36/8087) in females and 0.5% (500/106.153) in males. The positivity rate of anti-HCV was detected 0.4% (32/8.087) in females and 0.3% (344/106.153) in males. The positivity rate of anti HIV½ was 0.1% (9/8.087) in females and 0.1% (92/106.153) in males whereas the positivity rate of VDRL was 0.5% (41/8.087) in females and 0.3% (362/ 106.153) in males. Positivity rate for HBsAg and HCV were lower in the cases between 18 and 30 years of age. The positivity rates for anti-HIV½ was not significantly different according to the age range. Positivity rate for VDRL was higher in the cases at 51 years of age and older. CONCLUSION No difference was found between men and women in terms of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV½positivity. However, VDRL test positivity was significantly higher in female participants. Furthermore, HBsAg, anti-HCV and VDRL positivity rates increased by age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Eren
- Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology and Blood Centre, Pendik, Istanbul
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Okoroiwu HU, Asemota EA. Blood donors deferral prevalence and causes in a tertiary health care hospital, southern Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:510. [PMID: 31331326 PMCID: PMC6647304 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention. However, the safety of the donor and the recipient is paramount. This study was aimed at determining the blood donation deferral pattern of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Methods A retrospective analysis of the prospective donors’ data of University of Calabar Donor clinic within the period of March 2015 to February 2016 was conducted. Data were extracted from the donor register and analyzed. Prospective donors were screened and interviewed for causes of temporary and permanent deferrals. Result Out of the 1886 screened prospective donors, 164 (8.69%) were deferred. Though the minority of the donor population, female donors had the highest deferral rate (33.33%). There were 31.10 and 68.90% cases of temporary and permanent deferrals, respectively. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the highest (31.71%) cause of overall deferral as well as permanent deferral. Anemia was the major (21.95%) cause of temporary deferral as well as the second cause of overall deferrals. Commercial and replacement donors constituted 68.28 and 31.71% of the deferral cases, respectively. Conclusion HBV was found to be the overall leading cause of deferral in the studied area. This outcome poses a public health concern and should elicit measures to curb the infection rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haematology Unit, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shiferaw E, Tadilo W, Melkie I, Shiferaw M. Sero-prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors at Bahir Dar district blood bank, northwest Ethiopia: A four year retrospective study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214755. [PMID: 30973906 PMCID: PMC6459493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is an effective treatment for saving millions of lives even though transfusion- transmissible infections are the major problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence and trend of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors. Methods A retrospective study was conducted form July 2014 to June 2018 at Bahir Dar district blood bank. Descriptive statistics was presented using percentages, medians and interquartile ranges. Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors associated with each transfusion transmissible infections. Result From a total of 35,435 blood donors 2130 (6.0%) of them had serological evidence for at least one infection and 50 (0.14%) of them were confirmed as having multiple infections. The overall sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis was 230 (6.0%) with 3.9%, 0.6%, 0.5% and 1.2% respectively. From those who had co-infection majority of them 22 (44.0%) were attributed to HBV-Syphilis co-infection and 1 (2.0%) study participant was co-infected with HBV-HIV- Syphilis infection. There was an increment in the overall prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infection;183 in 2014/2015 to 624 in 2017/2018. The sero-prevalence of HBV show a significant increment tend with respect to year of donation. On the other hand HCV and HIV sero-prevalence show an increasing trend from 2014 and decrease in 2018. The sero-prevalence of syphilis was 67 (1.3%) in 2015 and duplicate in 2016, 138 (1.5) but subsequently decrease to 110 (1.1%) in 2017 and in 2018 it was 114 (1.0%). Conclusion and recommendations His finding showed growing evidence in the burden of transfusion-transmissible infection in blood donors despite which requires advanced and vigilance screening of donated blood prior to transfusion. More over there should be strategies for monitoring the implementation of post donation counseling for recruitment and retention of safe regular donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Shiferaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Iyasu Melkie
- Bahir Dar District Blood Bank, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Okoroiwu HU, Okafor IM. Demographic characteristics of blood and blood components transfusion recipients and pattern of blood utilization in a tertiary health institution in southern Nigeria. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2018; 18:16. [PMID: 30079249 PMCID: PMC6069751 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-018-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background An insight into the utilization pattern helps in future planning of blood drive. This study was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics of the transfusion recipients and pattern of blood and blood product utilization in Nigeria. Methods Blood bank registers of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) Calabar were analysed for a 12 month period. Number of blood units requested, number of units issued, Cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T), age, gender, blood group, blood components received, patients ward and clinical diagnosis were computed. Diagnoses were grouped into broad categories according to the disease headings of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results Majority of the 2336 transfusion recipients studied were females (69.09%) and are in the reproductive age group; 15-49 years (75.23%). The median age of the recipients was 35 years (range, 0-89). Most of the recipients (n = 1636; 70.04%) received whole blood transfusion. Majority (94.46%) of the cross-matched units were issued giving C/T ratio of 1.06. The common blood group type was O Rhesus positive (62.63%). Obstetrics and Gynecology had the highest blood requisition (41.40%). The majority of the patients were diagnosed with conditions related to pregnancy and childbirth (38.70%), conditions originating in prenatal period (14.38%). The age range of 25-54 years had the highest blood transfusion requests (n = 501; 51.07%), of these, females were majority (n = 390;77.84%). Conclusions Our study recorded mostly young patients who received mostly whole blood. Most of the patients in the reproductive age group received transfusion for pregnancy and child-birth related cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|