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Wan Z, Chibnik LB, Valeri L, Hughes TM, Blacker D, Ma Y. DNA Methylation Mediates the Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cognition: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae167. [PMID: 38943310 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between cardiometabolic risk factors and cognitive function has been well documented, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of DNA methylation in this association. We conducted the analyses in 3ย 708 participants (mean [standard deviation {SD}] age: 67.3 [9.5], women: 57.9%) from the Health and Retirement Study who were assessed in the 2014-2020 waves, had Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip methylation assays from the 2016 Venous Blood Study, and had cognitive assessment between 2016 and 2020. Causal mediation analyses were used to test the mediation role of DNA methylation in the associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and cognition, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors. Hypertension (-0.061 in composite cognitive z-score; 95% confidence interval [CI: -0.119, -0.004]) and diabetes (-0.134; 95% CI: [-0.198, -0.071]) were significantly associated with worse cognitive function while abnormal body weight and hypercholesterolemia were not. An increased number of cardiometabolic risk factors was associated with worse cognitive function (pโ
=โ
.002). DNA methylation significantly mediated the association of hypertension (mediated effect on composite cognitive z-score: -0.023; 95% CI: -0.033, -0.014), diabetes (-0.022; 95% CI: -0.032, -0.014), and obesity (-0.021; 95% CI: -0.033, -0.011) with cognitive function, whereas the mediation effect was not observed for having hypercholesterolemia. The estimated proportions mediated were 37.4% for hypertension and 16.7% for diabetes. DNA methylation may be an important mediator linking cardiometabolic risk factors to worse cognition and might even provide a potential target for dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyi Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Santamaria-Garcia H, Moguilner S, Rodriguez-Villagra OA, Botero-Rodriguez F, Pina-Escudero SD, O'Donovan G, Albala C, Matallana D, Schulte M, Slachevsky A, Yokoyama JS, Possin K, Ndhlovu LC, Al-Rousan T, Corley MJ, Kosik KS, Muniz-Terrera G, Miranda JJ, Ibanez A. The impacts of social determinants of health and cardiometabolic factors on cognitive and functional aging in Colombian underserved populations. GeroScience 2023; 45:2405-2423. [PMID: 36849677 PMCID: PMC10651610 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global initiatives call for further understanding of the impact of inequity on aging across underserved populations. Previous research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) presents limitations in assessing combined sources of inequity and outcomes (i.e., cognition and functionality). In this study, we assessed how social determinants of health (SDH), cardiometabolic factors (CMFs), and other medical/social factors predict cognition and functionality in an aging Colombian population. We ran a cross-sectional study that combined theory- (structural equation models) and data-driven (machine learning) approaches in a population-based study (Nโ=โ23,694; Mโ=โ69.8ย years) to assess the best predictors of cognition and functionality. We found that a combination of SDH and CMF accurately predicted cognition and functionality, although SDH was the stronger predictor. Cognition was predicted with the highest accuracy by SDH, followed by demographics, CMF, and other factors. A combination of SDH, age, CMF, and additional physical/psychological factors were the best predictors of functional status. Results highlight the role of inequity in predicting brain health and advancing solutions to reduce the cognitive and functional decline in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotรก, Colombia.
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotรก, Colombia.
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibaรฑez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrรฉs, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Felipe Botero-Rodriguez
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotรก, Colombia
| | - Stefanie Danielle Pina-Escudero
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary O'Donovan
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibaรฑez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotรก, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Instituto de Nutriciรณn Y Tecnologรญa de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avenida El Lรญbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Matallana
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry), Bogotรก, Colombia
- Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotรก, Colombia
- Mental Health Department, Hospital Universitario Fundaciรณn Santa Fe de Bogotรก, Memory Clinic, Bogotรก, Colombia
| | - Michael Schulte
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibaรฑez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Neurocience and East Neuroscience Departments, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, (GERO), Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Memory and Neuropsychiatric Center (CMYN), Memory Unit - Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Servicio de Neurologรญa, Departamento de Medicina, Clรญnica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Possin
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tala Al-Rousan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute. Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibaรฑez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrรฉs, and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Mutola S, Gรณmez-Olivรฉ FX, Ng N. The path between socioeconomic inequality and cognitive function: A mediation analysis based on the HAALSI cohort in rural South Africa. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1011439. [PMID: 36992876 PMCID: PMC10040802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1011439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSocioeconomic position (SEP) strongly predicts late-life cognitive health, yet the pathways between SEP and cognitive function remain unclear. This study assessed whether and to what extent the association between SEP and cognitive function in the adult population in rural South Africa is mediated by some health conditions, behavioral factors, and social capital factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used data from the 2014โ15 โHealth and Aging Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africaโ (HAALSI) cohort, including 5,059 adults aged 40+ years from the Agincourt sub-district in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. SEP, the independent variable, was measured based on ownership of household goods. Cognitive function, the dependent variable, was assessed using questions related to time orientation and immediate and delayed word recall. We used the multiple-mediation analysis on 4125 individuals with complete values on all variables to assess the mediating roles of health conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and disability), behavioral factors (leisure physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking), and social capital factors (community's willingness to help, trust, sense of safety, and social network contact) in the association between SEP and cognitive function.ResultsCompared to adults in the poorest wealth quintile, those in the richest wealth quintile had better cognition (ฮฒ = 0.903, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that health conditions mediated 20.7% of the total effect of SEP on cognitive function. In comparison, 3.3% was mediated by behavioral factors and only 0.7% by social capital factors. In the multiple-mediator model, 17.9% of the effect of SEP on cognitive function was jointly mediated by health conditions, behavioral factors, and social capital factors.ConclusionLow socioeconomic position is a significant factor associated with poor cognitive function among adults aged 40 years and above in South Africa. Health conditions mainly mediate the effects between SEP and cognitive function. Therefore, actions to prevent and control chronic health conditions can serve as the entry point for intervention to prevent poor cognitive function among people with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sianga Mutola
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F. Xavier Gรณmez-Olivรฉ
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nawi Ng
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeรฅ University, Umeรฅ, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Nawi Ng
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Shakil SS, Ojji D, Longenecker CT, Roth GA. Early Stage and Established Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From Population Health Surveys in 17 Countries, 2010-2017. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e009046. [PMID: 36252134 PMCID: PMC9771997 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have reported a high burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa, but none have examined early stage hypertension. We examined contemporary prevalence of diagnosed, treated, and controlled stage I (130-139/80-89 mmโHg) and II (โฅ140/90 mmโHg) hypertension in the general population of sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We analyzed World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance surveys from 17 sub-Saharan Africa countries including 85โ371 respondents representing 85 million individuals from 2010 to 2017. We extracted demographic variables, blood pressure, self-reported hypertension diagnosis/awareness, and treatment status to estimate prevalence of stage I and II hypertension and treatment by country. We examined diagnosis and treatment trends by national sociodemographic index, a marker of development. RESULTS Stage I hypertension prevalence (regardless of diagnosis/treatment) was >25% in 13 of 17 countries, highest in Sudan (35.3% [95% CI, 33.7%-37.0%]), and lowest in Eritrea (20.2% [18.8%-21.6%]). Combined stages I and II hypertension prevalence was >50% in 13 countries; <20% were diagnosed in every country. Treatment among those diagnosed ranged from 26% to 63%, and control (<140/90 mmโHg) from 4% to 17%. In 8 of 9 countries reporting on behavioral interventions (eg, salt reduction, weight loss, exercise, and smoking cessation), <60% of diagnosed individuals received counseling. Rates of diagnosis, but not treatment, were positively associated with sociodemographic index (P=0.008), although there was substantial variation between countries even at similar levels of development. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension is common in sub-Saharan Africa but rates of diagnosis, treatment, and control markedly low. There is a large population with early stage hypertension that may benefit from behavioral counseling to prevent progression. Our analyses suggest that success in population hypertension care may be achieved independently of socioeconomic development, highlighting a need for policymakers to identify best practices in those countries that outperform similar or more developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saate S Shakil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (S.S.S., C.T.L., G.A.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (S.S.S., G.A.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dike Ojji
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria (D.O.)
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria (D.O.)
| | - Chris T Longenecker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (S.S.S., C.T.L., G.A.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Global Health (C.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Gregory A Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (S.S.S., C.T.L., G.A.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (S.S.S., G.A.R.), University of Washington, Seattle
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5
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Obesity and Neurocognitive Performance of Memory, Attention, and Executive Function. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of dementia in the future. Obesity is known to affect core neural structures, such as the hippocampus, and frontotemporal parts of the brain, and is linked to memory, attention, and executive function decline. The overwhelming majority of the data, however, comes from high-income countries. In undeveloped countries, there is little evidence of a link between obesity and neurocognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BMI on the key cognitive functioning tasks of attention, memory, and executive function in a South African cohort. Methods: A total of 175 females (NW: BMI = 18.5โ24.9 kg/m2 and OB: BMI > 30.0 kg/m2) aged 18โ59 years (M = 28, SD = 8.87 years) completed tasks on memory, attention, and executive functioning. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. The participants who had a BMI corresponding with obesity performed poorly on the tasks measuring memory (p = 0.01), attention (p = 0.01), and executive function (p = 0.02) compared to the normal-weight group. Conclusions: When compared to normal-weight participants, the findings confirm the existence of lowered cognitive performance in obese persons on tasks involving planning, decision making, self-control, and regulation. Further research into the potential underlying mechanism by which obesity impacts cognition is indicated.
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Shen J, Li J, Hua Y, Ding B, Zhou C, Yu H, Xiao R, Ma W. Association between the Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Profile and Cognitive Function in the Overweight and Obese Population Aged from 45 to 75 Years Old. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040914. [PMID: 35215564 PMCID: PMC8878599 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acid intake is closely related to the cognitive function of the overweight and obese population. However, few studies have specified the correlation between exact fatty acids and cognitive functions in different body mass index (BMI) groups. We aimed to explain these relationships and reference guiding principles for the fatty acid intake of the overweight and obese population. Normal weight, overweight, and obese participants were recruited to receive a cognitive function assessment and dietary survey, dietary fatty acids intake was calculated, and the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile was tested by performing a gas chromatography analysis. The percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the obese group were higher, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were lower than in the normal weight and overweight groups. In the erythrocyte membrane, the increase of n-3 PUFAs was accompanied by cognitive decline in the overweight group, which could be a protective factor for cognitive function in the obese group. High n-6 PUFAs intake could exacerbate the cognitive decline in the obese population. Dietary fatty acid intake had different effects on the cognitive function of overweight and obese people, especially the protective effect of n-3 PUFAs; more precise dietary advice is needed to prevent cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Shen
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Jinchen Li
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Yinan Hua
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Bingjie Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Cui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Jaff NG, Crowther NJ. The Association of Reproductive Aging with Cognitive Function in Sub-Saharan African Women. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2343:71-91. [PMID: 34473316 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1558-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy in sub-Saharan African women is increasing, and by the late 2020s an estimated 76% of postmenopausal women globally will be living in developing countries. Menopause transition has been associated with cognitive decline in a wide range of studies, but data on cognition and reproductive aging are lacking in sub-Saharan African women. Approximately 72 million people in the region are expected to suffer from dementias and neurocognitive decline by 2050. Studies show that compromised cognitive health in low-income countries has significant implications for adult quality of life and socioeconomic development. There is now an urgent need to further examine risk factors for cognitive decline in these aging women and to understand the ability of public health programs to diagnose and treat cognitive dysfunction. This review examines studies assessing cognition and aging in sub-Saharan African adults, while addressing the significant research gaps. It examines data on the association of the menopause transition with cognitive function and describes how validated tools should be available to assess both menopausal stage and symptoms. Culturally appropriate and validated neurocognitive measures are required to better understand the relationship of reproductive aging with cognition. Longitudinal population-based studies are needed to assess the effect of lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, on cognitive health in sub-Saharan African populations, with an emphasis on women as they transition into menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Jaff
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Association of Physical Activity With Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in Rural Sichuan, China. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 31:482-488. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between total physical activity and different dimensions of cognitive function (orientation, attention, and memory) among older adults in rural Sichuan, China. This cross-sectional study involved 715 older adults (average age of 72ย years). Total PA was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and cognitive function was assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) questionnaire. The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that total PA and household PA were significantly associated with the overall Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score (ฮฒโ=โ0.143, pโ<โ.001; ฮฒโ=โ0.115, pโ=โ.002, respectively), the orientation dimension (ฮฒโ=โ0.142, pโ<โ.001; ฮฒโ=โ0.131, pโ=โ.001, respectively), and the memory dimension (ฮฒโ=โ0.179, pโ<โ.001; ฮฒโ=โ0.134, pโ=โ.001, respectively). The study showed a positive association between total PA, household PA, and cognitive function in older adults, especially in the orientation dimension and the memory dimension of cognitive function.
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9
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Soo CC, Farrell MT, Tollman S, Berkman L, Nebel A, Ramsay M. Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variation and Its Association With Cognitive Function in Rural-Dwelling Older South Africans. Front Genet 2021; 12:689756. [PMID: 34721516 PMCID: PMC8551631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.689756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ๐4 allele carrier status is well known for its association with an increased likelihood of developing Alzheimerโs disease, but its independent role in cognitive function is unclear. APOE genetic variation is understudied in African populations; hence, this cross-sectional study in a rural South African community examined allele and genotype frequencies, and their associations with cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using two different screening methods to produce a total cognition score and four domain-specific cognition scores for verbal episodic memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability. Cognitive phenotype and APOE genotype data were used to determine whether APOE variation was significantly associated with cognitive function in this population. Observed allele frequencies for 1776 participants from the HAALSI study [age 40โ80years (mean=56.19); 58.2% female] were 58.1% (๐3), 25.4% (๐4) and 16.5% (๐2). Allele distributions were similar to the African super population, but different from all non-African super populations from the 1,000 Genomes Project. The ๐3 homozygous genotype was most common (34.9%) and used as the base genotype for comparison in regression models. Four models were tested for each of the five cognitive phenotypes to explore association of APOE variation with cognitive function. In the first model assessing association with all genotypes for all individuals, marginally significant associations were observed for ๐2 homozygotes where executive function scored higher by ~0.5 standard deviations (p=0.037, SE=0.23), and for ๐3/๐4 heterozygotes where visuospatial ability scores were lower (p=0.046, SE=0.14). These did not survive correction for multiple testing. Regional African population differences were observed at the APOE locus. Marginally, significant associations between APOE genotype, and executive function and visuospatial ability indicate the need for larger studies to better examine these associations in African populations. Furthermore, longitudinal data could shed light on APOE genetic association with rate of change, or decline, in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Soo
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Meagan T Farrell
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Almut Nebel
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michรจle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hua W, Hou J, Jiang T, Su B, Fu J, Sun R, Chang B, Xia W, Wu H, Zhang T, Guo C, Wang W. The Longitudinal Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:560947. [PMID: 33195454 PMCID: PMC7604338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.560947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: China has the largest population living with dementia, causing a tremendous burden on the aging society. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may trigger a cascade of pathologies associated with cognitive aging. We aim to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and cognitive function in the nationally representative cohort in China. Methods: Participants were recruited from 150 counties in 28 provinces via a four-stage sampling method. The outcomes included several cognitive tasks. The independent variable was a composite score of cardiovascular risk calculated from sex-specific equations. We fitted the time-lagged regression to model the association between CVR and cognition. Besides, we performed cross-group analyses to test for model invariance across sex and age. We thus constrained path coefficients to be equal across each grouping variable (e.g., sex) and compared the fit of this constrained model with an unconstrained model in which the path coefficients were allowed to vary by group. Results: A total of 3,799 participants were included in the final analyses. We found that the CVR had a negative linear association with global cognition (ฮฒ = -0.1, p < 0.01). Additionally, CVR had inverse linear associations with domain-specific measurements of memory and learning, calculation, orientation, and visual-spatial ability (all values of p < 0.01). Regarding sex and age moderation, males had a more pronounced association between higher CVR and worse general cognition, immediate recall, orientation, calculation, and visual-spatial ability (all values of p < 0.0001). In contrast, females exhibited a slightly larger negative association in delayed recall. Older participants (>65 years old) had a more pronounced association between higher CVR and worse calculation ability (p = 0.003). Conclusion: CVD are risk factors for lower global cognition and cognitive subdomains in middle-aged and older adults in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Fu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Biru Chang
- Department of Psychology, Research Institute for International and Comparative Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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