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Yilma M, Taye G, Abebe W. Magnitude of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in health facilities of Low and Middle Income Countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302282. [PMID: 38687766 PMCID: PMC11060540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard precautions are the minimum standard of infection control to prevent transmission of infectious agents, protect healthcare workers, patients, and visitors regardless of infection status. The consistent implementation of standard precautions is highly effective in reducing transmission of pathogens that cause HAIs. Despite their effectiveness, compliance, resources, patient behavior, and time constraints are some of the challenges that can arise when implementing standard precautions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to show the pooled prevalence of safe standard precaution practices among healthcare workers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for this study. We systematically searched observational study articles from PubMed Central and Google Scholar. We included articles published any year and involving healthcare workers. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias (funnel plot, and Egger's tests) were conducted. RESULTS A total of 46 articles were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was 53%, with a 95% CI of (47, 59). These studies had a total sample size of 14061 with a minimum sample size of 17 and a maximum sample size of 2086. The majority of the studies (82.6%) were conducted in hospitals only (all kinds), and the remaining 17.4% were conducted in all health facilities, including hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was suboptimal. The findings of this study can have substantial implication for healthcare practice and policy making by providing robust evidence with synthesized and pooled evidence from multiple studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on PROSPERO with record ID: CRD42023395129, on the 9th Feb. 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Yilma
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Taye
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Workeabeba Abebe
- School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chonka T, Endashaw G, Zerihun E, Beyene Shashamo B. Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection and associated factors among adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:995. [PMID: 38594686 PMCID: PMC11005261 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver tissue. It is one of the serious public health problems. Though an individuals' knowledge, attitude, and practice level is very vital in order to ensure the control of its adverse health impacts, little is known regarding these issues in the community level. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection and associated factors among adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 633 adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected by pretested, well-structured questionnaire. The collected data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and were exported to SPSS version 25 for analyses. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify independent factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection. RESULTS According to this study, 366(58.1%), 95% CI: (54.23-61.96) of the participants had good knowledge. 381(60.5%), 95% CI: (56.65-64.30) of the participants had favourable attitude. 317(50.3%), 95% CI: (46.40-54.23) of the participants had good practice. From factor analysis, sex, number of sexual partners, sharing sharp material, and vaccination status were significantly associated with knowledge; residence, occupational status, income level, sharing sharp material, and vaccination status were significantly associated with attitude; and residence, occupational status, and vaccination status were identified to be significantly associated with practice towards Hepatitis B and C virus infection. CONCLUSION Based on the study findings, it could be observed that good knowledge, favourable attitude, and good practice were indicated nearly above the half, only by half, and nearly above the half of the study participants respectively. Implementing actions that could increase awareness regarding limiting the number of sexual partner, not sharing sharp materials, and urbanization is recommended. Moreover, woreda administrators, and other related authorities should consider knowledge, attitude, and practice as an implementation area, and also it would be better to create an opportunities to promote vaccination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Chonka
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Gesila Endashaw
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Beyene Shashamo
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Tamanna SS, Paul KD, Al Banna MH, Zannat Z, Paul AK, Sultana S, Alshahrani NZ, Talukder S, Hassan MN. Assessment of preventive practices towards hepatitis B infection among nursing students in Bangladesh: role of knowledge, attitudes and sociodemographic factors. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:190. [PMID: 38515143 PMCID: PMC10956232 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, hepatitis B infection (HBI) poses a substantial public health concern and healthcare workers, including nursing students, are at a higher risk of contracting this disease. Thus, the study aimed to assess how knowledge, attitudes, and sociodemographic factors are associated with HBI prevention among a sample of Bangladeshi nursing students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed among 737 nursing students from the nursing institutes of Khulna and Barishal divisions in Bangladesh from January to April 2023. The data were collected by providing questionnaires (structured questionnaire) in the classroom, following a stratified random sampling process. A model of multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors linked to HBI prevention practices. RESULT The mean (SD) scores were 11.42 (± 2.88) for knowledge, 4.33 (± 1.91) for attitude and 4.27 (± 2.056) for practice respectively. Participants' low knowledge (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.562, 95% CI: 1.29-5.07) and poor attitude (aOR = 5.730, 95% CI: 3.19-10.28) regarding HBI were significantly associated with higher likelihood of poor practice towards HBI prevention. Moreover, being 2nd year of nursing students (aOR = 2.147, 95% CI: 1.19-3.86), being aged 19-20 years (aOR = 3.038, 95% CI: 1.30-7.09), being married (aOR = 0.320, 95%CI: 0.13-0.82) and having a family history of HBI (aOR = 0.134, 95%CI: 0.05-0.36) were significantly associated with poor practices of HBI prevention among study participants. CONCLUSION The knowledge, attitude and practice scores of the nursing students on HBI prevention were suboptimal. We advocate for implementing regular HBI prevention education and policies, free or subsidized services, skill development, proper HBI prevention enforcement and strict professional ethics within nursing colleges. Such efforts should predominantly focus on second-year, aged 19-20 and unmarried nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Sultana Tamanna
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Kallol Deb Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
- Nutrition Initiative, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
| | - Zamia Zannat
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Mathematics, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Najim Z Alshahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohan Talukder
- Department of Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hassan
- Department of Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
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Agwa RH, Elwan TH, Alghamdi HAS, Alghamdi AAS, Altaweel FIA, Alghamdi AA, Alhussain HA, Alsawlihah KMA, Alzahrani FA. Awareness of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Screening Before Marriage and Pregnancy Among Adults in the Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52057. [PMID: 38213938 PMCID: PMC10782269 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B is a global public health concern. Understanding the awareness, testing practices, and vaccination status of individuals is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to assess these aspects among participants in the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 440 participants. Demographic data, awareness of hepatitis B, knowledge of transmission modes, symptoms, and complications were collected through a structured questionnaire. Participants' testing and screening practices, sources of information, and vaccination status were also assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and associations were explored using chi-square tests. Results The majority of participants were females (51.8%) and aged 18-25 years (55.2%). While most participants had heard of hepatitis B (85.7%), only a small percentage correctly identified sexual contact as a mode of transmission (38.6%). Knowledge regarding symptoms and complications was moderate, with 52.3% correctly identifying symptoms and 69.8% recognizing liver damage and cirrhosis as complications. Although awareness of screening was high (84.8%), the actual practice was low (35.0%). Education was the least reported source of information, while the internet (46.7%) and health care provider (27.6%) were commonly mentioned. Approximately half of the participants reported receiving the hepatitis B vaccine (48.9%), but a significant proportion had not completed all vaccine doses (55.0%). Conclusion The study revealed moderate awareness of hepatitis B among the participants, but knowledge gaps existed regarding transmission modes and complete symptom recognition. Testing and screening practices were suboptimal, with low rates of screening despite high awareness. Vaccination uptake was moderate, but incomplete vaccine schedules were prevalent. Targeted educational campaigns are needed to address knowledge gaps, promote testing and completion of vaccination schedules, and enhance the role of healthcare providers in disseminating accurate information. Improving knowledge and practices related to hepatitis B can strengthen public health efforts, enhance prevention, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy H Agwa
- Internal Medicine/Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | - Taher H Elwan
- General Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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Nikolopoulou GB, Tzoutzas I, Tsakris A, Maltezou HC. Hepatitis B in Healthcare Personnel: An Update on the Global Landscape. Viruses 2023; 15:2454. [PMID: 38140695 PMCID: PMC10748141 DOI: 10.3390/v15122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding progress that has been made in the prevention, detection, and management of hepatitis B during the past decades, hepatitis B remains a problem among healthcare personnel (HCP) in many countries. We reviewed studies on all aspects of hepatitis B in HCP published from 2017 through April 2023. They revealed wide variations on the prevalence of infection among HCP, ranging from 0.6% in Europe to >8.7% in Africa, almost always in association with very low vaccination rates. Many studies found a significant association between HCP's knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines, their vaccination status, and practices. This research also discloses global inequities regarding vaccination policies against hepatitis B, free-of-charge vaccinations, and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Strategies to prevent and manage accidental exposures are needed in order to reduce the burden of hepatitis B on HCP, while written policies for all aspects of infection prevention, protective equipment, and PEP should be available. Lastly, HCP should be accordingly educated. These are all imperative given the decline of routine vaccinations in the COVID-19 era, particularly in countries with fragile vaccination programs, and the disruptions of interventions for hepatitis B that are expected to provide a pool of virus transmission to future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia B. Nikolopoulou
- Department of Hepatitis, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tzoutzas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece
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Chikwendu A, Unikutelle HL, Olumide AT. Hepatitis B and C virus prevalence among patients and healthcare workers' prevention practices towards the viruses in a secondary healthcare facility in Northern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:82. [PMID: 38314232 PMCID: PMC10837276 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.82.40530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and hepatitis c virus (HCV) affect millions of people globally. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection due to occupation exposures where the viruses are spread mainly through needle stick injuries and exposure to infected blood and body fluid. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of viral hepatitis among patients and the practices of HCWs. Methods this study involved a 5-years retrospective review of laboratory results of patients for HBV and HCV in addition to a questionnaire-based assessment of the preventive practices of 103 HCWs on HBV and HCV. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results the prevalence of HBV among the patients was 12.6% and 15.2% for HCV while the prevalence among the HCWs was 6.6% for HBV and 6.5% for HCV. About 60% of the HCWs had good overall preventive practices for viral hepatitis. Among the HCWs, 29.28% dropped needles in sharp containers after use, 53.5% recapped needles, 21.4% reused needles, 36.9% did not practice regular hand washing, and 53.4% completed the doses for HBV vaccine. Conclusion there is high prevalence of HBV and HCV among the patients and the HCWs. This increases the occupational risk of infection with the viruses among HCWs. We recommend that more enlightenments and trainings be done for the HCWs to enable them take appropriate measures to protect themselves. Also, HCWs should provide HBV and HCV screening to patients accessing care and those found positive should be linked to care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaike Chikwendu
- Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Afolaranmi Tolulope Olumide
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Ayamolowo LB, Olorunfemi O, Irinoye OO, Afolabi AO. Perceived risk factors and preventive practices of Hepatitis B viral infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals: A cross-sectional study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 37:100896. [PMID: 37549467 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study assessed the perceived risk factors and prevention practices of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigerian hospitals. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at two purposefully selected primary health care centers in Ile-Ife. Women were included in the study using systematic sampling. A structured researcher-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square test and Logistic regression) statistical analysis were carried out. RESULTS More than half (53%) of the respondents had a low perceived risk for hepatitis. Majority (73.5%) had been screened for HBV during the index pregnancy but only 30% received complete doses of HBV vaccine. Respondents who underwent HBV screening during pregnancy (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 0.94 - 4.5), who had completed Hepatitis B vaccination had reduced odds ratios for perceiving risk factors for Hepatitis B Viral Infection (OR = 0.224, 95% CI = 0.94 - 4.5). CONCLUSION Pregnant women had a low-risk perception of HBV infection. The low level of risk perception can serve as a basis for developing preventive interventions aimed at educating and empowering expectant mothers in order to prevent HBV infection and its transmission to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love B Ayamolowo
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Olawumi Olorunfemi
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Omolola O Irinoye
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Sammour AAK, Elijla Y, Alsarafandi M, Aldabbour B, Kanou L, Almaidana F, El Egla M, Harara S, Oda S, Albardaweel N, Skaik A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Palestinian Healthcare Workers in the Gaza Strip Towards Hepatitis B: Cross-sectional survey. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:370-379. [PMID: 37655075 PMCID: PMC10467557 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.1.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV). This survey aimed to identify the gaps and strengths in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers towards HBV to drive appropriate health interventions. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2022. A convenience sample of three at-risk healthcare professions from the major health facilities in Gaza was surveyed. A 40-item self-administered questionnaire was used. Statistical data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics via various nonparametric, correlation and regression tests (with P <0.05). Results A total of 447 healthcare workers participated in the study. Overall, 105 of the participants (23.5%) demonstrated poor knowledge (below 14/20 points) of HBV, 284 (63.5%) had moderate knowledge (14-17 points) and 58 (13%) showed good knowledge. The majority (n = 367, 82.1%) expressed an excellent attitude. Finally, 287 (64.2%) demonstrated a good level of practice regarding HBV infection. A history of needlestick injury was reported by 233 (52.1%) participants, 170 (73.3%) of whom reported taking appropriate preventive actions after exposure. Conclusion The majority of the participants demonstrated overall good knowledge regarding HBV infection. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in the different aspects of the knowledge, attitude and practice construct that require appropriate awareness campaigns to further limit the spread of this preventable viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Younis Elijla
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Muath Alsarafandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Belal Aldabbour
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Loay Kanou
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Fahmy Almaidana
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Moataz El Egla
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Samah Harara
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Seham Oda
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Nour Albardaweel
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Adnan Skaik
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, State of Palestine
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George M, Sharma T, Ahwal S, Rastogi A, Bansal A. A national level survey on knowledge, attitude and practices among Indian nurses on viral hepatitis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:247. [PMID: 37727428 PMCID: PMC10506760 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1646_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being preventable and treatable, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in India. In the line of their duties, nursing professionals are constantly at risk of infection. To combat viral hepatitis, it is essential to ascertain the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices among nursing professionals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-section study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital, as a nation-wide online survey after ethical clearance and participants' consent. A convenience sampling, from November 2021 to September 2022, yielded a total of 4532 nurses, nursing students and educators. A self-administered 62-item questionnaire on viral hepatitis with four sections: demographic details, knowledge (33-items), attitude (5-items), and practice (24-itmes) was prepared by expert panel and had a content validity and reliability >0.8. The scale was compiled onto the SurveyMonkey app, field tested before administration and widely circulated on email. RESULT The response rate of the survey was 77%. Frequency, percentage, and the odds ratio (at 95% confidence interval) were analyzed on SPSS v22.0. Majority were females (87.1%) aged <30 years (60%) with <5 years' experience (57.8%). Almost equal number worked in public or private sector and was holders of diploma (44.5%) or degree (43.8%). Overall poor knowledge (85.3%), unfavorable attitude (86.2%), and unsafe practices (55.6%) were exhibited by nurses; 42.2% encountered needle stick injury last year and 49.8% had never checked Anti-HBs titer. In the event of needle stick injury, 74.78% cleansed with soap and water; used antiseptics or washes (33.5%), placed finger in mouth (5.10%), forced wound bleed (17.3%), scrub wound (17.54%), or apply bandage (12.58%). Multivariate analysis of factors influencing knowledge of viral hepatitis was educational qualification, designation, and type of health facility. CONCLUSION As nursing professionals are constantly at risk, there is an urgent need to raise awareness about hepatitis, the post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination status. Every healthcare facility should include training and capacity building for nurses about risk, prevention, transmission, and management of viral hepatitis, as an integral part of orientation and continuing education on-the-job; follow stringent policies; and set-up mechanisms for monitoring and follow up. Further, policymakers and statutory bodies need to ensure the standards of nursing practice and improve the health of nurses and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini George
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarika Sharma
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Ahwal
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aayushi Rastogi
- Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Bansal
- Project PRAKASH and ECHO, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sahiner P, Dolay K. Knowledge level of healthcare professionals regarding hepatitis B immunizatıon of newborns: example of Turkey. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221281. [PMID: 37222318 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate healthcare professionals' knowledge level for hepatitis B immunization of term and preterm newborns. METHODS The study was conducted with 213 midwives, nurses, and physicians between October 2021 and January 2022 in a province of Turkey. RESULTS Participants had the least knowledge about the management of newborns with low birth weight born to hepatitis B-infected mothers (16%). CONCLUSION The study revealed some knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals regarding hepatitis B immunization of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervin Sahiner
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Health Sciences - Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kubra Dolay
- Derince Health Sciences Training and Research Hospital - Kocaeli, Turkey
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Tomar M, Sharma T, Prasad M. Social challenges experienced by Hepatitis B patients: A mixed method study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:748-755. [PMID: 37312795 PMCID: PMC10259557 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1575_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B has a wide range of effects on patients' lives due to its chronic nature. Living with Hepatitis B has been associated with various social challenges such as stigma, disclosure, and discrimination. Aim To assess the social challenges experienced by Hepatitis B-positive patients seeking treatment at a super specialty liver hospital of the country. Methods and Results A mixed-method research design was used to explore various social challenges experienced by Hepatitis B-positive patients. Descriptive research design was used in the first phase and thematic analysis was done in the second phase of the study. Data were collected using a modified Hepatitis B stigma assessment tool and semi-structured interview guide. Total 180 Hepatitis B-positive patients were recruited for the first phase. Face to face interviews were recorded for the 9 patients facing high stigma in the second phase of the study. Mean age of the patients was 45 ± 13.1 years and 80% of the patients were male. Mean overall stigma score was found to be 74.34 ± 10.13. Of all, 5.1% patients experienced high stigma, 2.1% moderate stigma, and 92% patients experienced low stigma. Thematic analysis method uncovered various attributing factors to social challenges broadly classified into reaction on getting diagnosed with Hepatitis B, psychological issues, stigmatization in families, stigmatization at workplace, and stigmatization in healthcare settings. Conclusion Patients with Hepatitis B experience social challenges in aspect of lack of awareness, psychological issues, and stigmatization by healthcare providers, family members, and by the colleagues at their workplace. A better understanding and awareness regarding Hepatitis B is needed to eliminate stigma and discrimination among these patients. Hence, a holistic approach is must to treat patients with Hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tomar
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarika Sharma
- College of Nursing, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manya Prasad
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abdelrahim RA, Otitolaiye VO, Omer F, Abdelbasit Z. A Scoping Review of the Occupational Health and Safety Governance in Sudan: The Story So Far. Saf Health Work 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Machmud PB, Führer A, Gottschick C, Mikolajczyk R. Barriers to and Facilitators of Hepatitis B Vaccination among the Adult Population in Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:398. [PMID: 36851280 PMCID: PMC9967628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To reach the goals of the Global Hepatitis Elimination 2030 program, Indonesia is now preparing a new regulation for hepatitis B vaccinations for adult population. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing vaccine uptake for hepatitis B in the adult population, and identify barriers to, and facilitators of, hepatitis B vaccination programmes. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was implemented in this study. We conducted a survey involving 893 participants in the general population followed by 14 in-depth interviews with health providers. The survey found that only 15% (95% confidence interval 13-18%) of participants received at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Factors associated with vaccine uptake were, living in Yogyakarta compared to living in Aceh, having secondary and higher education compared to primary education, working as a health worker compared to working in other sectors, and having health insurance that covered hepatitis B vaccination compared to not having such health insurance. Our qualitative study also identified several barriers to the adult hepatitis B vaccination programme in Indonesia such as the high cost of vaccination, lack of vaccine availability in certain areas, limited human resources to implement the hepatitis B vaccination programme, and the ineffective dissemination of hepatitis B vaccination. This study highlights that accessibility and affordability of vaccinations are important determinants of vaccination uptake that should be taken into account when planning vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof Dr Bahder Djohan, Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Amand Führer
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Ghazzawi M, Yendewa SA, James PB, Massaquoi SP, Babawo LS, Sahr F, Deen GF, Kabba M, Ocama P, Lakoh S, Salata RA, Yendewa GA. Assessment of Knowledge, Stigmatizing Attitudes and Health-Seeking Behaviors Regarding Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Pharmacy and Community Setting in Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020177. [PMID: 36673546 PMCID: PMC9859485 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health challenge. Emerging evidence suggests that poor knowledge and stigma are impacting HBV control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but their role is not well understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥18 years in a community and pharmacy setting in Freetown, Sierra Leone. A structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, stigmatizing attitudes and health-seeking behaviors regarding HBV. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HBV knowledge and related stigma. A total of 306 adult participants were enrolled (50.7% male, 7.5% HBV positive and 11.7% vaccinated). Overall, 52.2% had good HBV knowledge and 49.3% expressed a stigmatizing attitude towards people with HBV. Notwithstanding, 72.2% stated they would receive the HBV vaccine if offered, 80.4% would take anti-HBV medication and 78.8% would be willing to attend clinic regularly. Good HBV knowledge was associated with HBV positive status (aOR 4.41; p = 0.029) and being vaccinated against HBV (aOR 3.30; p = 0.034). HBV-related stigma was associated with secondary or higher level of education (aOR 2.36; p < 0.001), good HBV knowledge (aOR 2.05; p = 0.006) and pharmacy setting (aOR 1.74, p = 0.037). These findings suggest that education and stigma reduction may benefit HBV elimination efforts in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter B. James
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | | | - Lawrence S. Babawo
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Foday Sahr
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Gibrilla F. Deen
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mustapha Kabba
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A. Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George A. Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-2168441988
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Hosen I, Moonajilin MS, Hussain N. Predictive factors of vaccination status, knowledge, attitudes, and practice towards prevention of hepatitis B infection among Bangladeshi people: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1000. [PMID: 36544615 PMCID: PMC9763968 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Infection with the hepatitis B virus is a serious public health problem that is growing all over the world. Therefore, in this context, there is no exception to public participation in disease burden reduction. Consequently, for the first time in Bangladesh, the current study aims to assess the level of vaccination status, knowledge, attitude, and practice of hepatitis B infection among general people. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between December 15, 2021, and January 17, 2022, including sociodemographic information as well as questions about vaccination status and knowledge, attitude, and practice related to hepatitis B. Data were analyzed using descriptive (frequency) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, χ 2, binary logistic regression, and spearman's rho correlation coefficient). Results Results indicated that about one-third (37.9%) of the 807 participants had received hepatitis B vaccine, with an overall mean score of 11.506 ± 5.403 for knowledge, 5.435 ± 1.038 and 4.252 ± 1.776 for attitude and practice, respectively. Risk factors related to vaccination were age, religion, educational qualification, occupation, residence area, marital status, comorbidity, and family member suffering from hepatitis B. Higher level of knowledge was significantly found among the young people aged between 10 and 29; had higher secondary or tertiary education (median = 13); were employed (median = 13.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 8); living in divisional city (median = 13, IQR = 7); were single (media = 13, IQR = 7); and whose family members were suffering from hepatitis B. Besides, poor practice was observed among those aged between 50 and higher (p = 0.004), had no formal education [p < 0.001), a retired or housewife (p < 0.001), divorced or widowed (p < 0.001), absence of comorbidity (p = 0.02), and whose family members were not infected with hepatitis B (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results exposed that vaccination rates and preventative behavior are unsatisfactory, which will hinder efforts to eradicate hepatitis B worldwide by the year 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hosen
- Department of Public Health and InformaticsJahangirnagar UniversitySavarDhakaBangladesh,Department of EpidemiologyCHINTA Research BangladeshSavarDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Nur Hussain
- Department of EpidemiologyCHINTA Research BangladeshSavarDhakaBangladesh,School of Earth, Environment & SocietyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Afolabi IB, Aremu AB, Maidoki LA, Atulomah NO. Dynamics of Hepatitis B infection prevention practices among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Lubaga Hospital Kampala, Uganda using the constructs of information-motivation-behavioural skills model. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2243. [PMID: 36457005 PMCID: PMC9714095 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered a significant global public health challenge with infectivity as well as estimated potential for transmission more than 50 to 100 times that of HIV. Over time, numerous empirical studies have shown that majority of HBV-related yearly global deaths are secondary to carcinoma of the liver. It is also known that HBV infected Women have the potential to transmit the infection vertically to their infants during pregnancy. This accounts for the WHO reported 3.16% prevalence among children less than 5 years of age in Uganda. This study assessed the predictors of HBV infection prevention practices among eligible consenting pregnant women using Lubaga health facility for antenatal care (ANC). METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study employing quantitative data collection based on the constructs of IMB model was used to capture data on the study variables among 385 randomly selected eligible pregnant women attending antenatal care at Lubaga hospital between September 2020 and October 2020. Data derived from the quantitative instrument was analysed by data reduction and transformation to summaries of descriptive statistics using (SPSS version 26) and regression analysis was performed to establish characteristics of the association between the variables with significance level set as (p < 0.05). Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was employed for significant differences in the proportion of dichotomous responses. RESULTS The findings showed that more than half of the respondents (59%) were between the ages of 18 and 28 and majority of them (42.3%) had secondary education. Furthermore, an average but inadequate knowledge ([Formula: see text] 5.97 ± 6.61; B = 0.57; p < .001), positive perception ([Formula: see text] 17.10 ± 18.31; B = 0.97; p = .014) and good behavioural skills ([Formula: see text] 12.39 ± 13.37; B = 0.56; p < .001) for adopting prevention practices all statistically predicted the averagely acceptable level of prevention practices ([Formula: see text] 15.03 ± 16.20) among the study respondents as measured on rating scales of 12, 33, 21 and 30 respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION There were observed gaps in their knowledge about some basic features of the infection like transmission and risk factors as well as some misperceptions about vaccination despite the relatively average score level for both, which is likely to influence their prevention behaviours and predispose them to the risk of the infection if actions are not taken. Therefore, personalized health education is needed during antenatal visits and subsequent health campaign in order to inform better prevention practices among this vulnerable population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bamidele Afolabi
- grid.448732.e0000 0004 0462 7038Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdulmujeeb Babatunde Aremu
- grid.442655.40000 0001 0042 4901Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lawal Abdurraheem Maidoki
- grid.448732.e0000 0004 0462 7038Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nnodimele Onuigbo Atulomah
- grid.448732.e0000 0004 0462 7038Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
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Health care workers and Hepatitis B prevention: Perceptions and practices in a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Isunju JB, Wafula ST, Ndejjo R, Nuwematsiko R, Bakkabulindi P, Nalugya A, Muleme J, Kimara WK, Kibira SPS, Nakiggala J, Mugambe RK, Buregyeya E, Ssekamatte T, Wanyenze RK. Awareness of hepatitis B post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare providers in Wakiso district, Central Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270181. [PMID: 35737673 PMCID: PMC9223339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare providers (HCPs) are at an elevated occupational health risk of hepatitis B virus infections. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is one of the measures recommended to avert this risk. However, there is limited evidence of HCPs’ awareness of hepatitis B PEP. Therefore, this study aimed to establish awareness of hepatitis B PEP among HCPs in Wakiso, a peri-urban district that surrounds Uganda’s capital, Kampala. Methods A total of 306 HCPs, selected from 55 healthcare facilities (HCFs) were interviewed using a validated structured questionnaire. The data were collected and entered using the Kobo Collect mobile application. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to establish the factors associated with awareness of hepatitis B PEP. Results Of the 306 HCPs, 93 (30.4%) had ever heard about hepatitis B PEP and 16 (5.2%) had ever attended training where they were taught about hepatitis B PEP. Only 10.8% were aware of any hepatitis B PEP options, with 19 (6.2%) and 14 (4.6%) mentioning hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively as PEP options. Individuals working in the maternity department were less likely to be aware of hepatitis B PEP (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02–0.53). There was a positive association between working in a healthcare facility in an urban setting and awareness of hepatitis B PEP (AOR = 5.48, 95% CI = 1.42–21.20). Hepatitis B screening and vaccination were not associated with awareness of PEP. Conclusions Only one-tenth of the HCPs were aware of any hepatitis B PEP option. Awareness of hepatitis B PEP is associated with the main department of work and working in a healthcare facility in an urban setting. This study suggests a need to sensitise HCPs, especially those in rural HCFs and maternity wards on hepatitis B PEP. The use of innovative strategies such as e-communication channels, including mobile text messaging might be paramount in bridging the awareness gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca Nuwematsiko
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pamela Bakkabulindi
- Center of Excellence for Maternal New-Born Child Health Care, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Muleme
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winnie Kansiime Kimara
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon P. S. Kibira
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joana Nakiggala
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K. Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Rhoda K. Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Associated Factor towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Health Care Professionals at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross Sectional Study. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:3726423. [PMID: 35572163 PMCID: PMC9098342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3726423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major infectious hazard for health care personnel. The global prevalence of HBV infection is highly heterogeneous, and the highest prevalence (6.2 and 6.1%) is among the World Health Organization Western Pacific and World Health Organization African regions, respectively. The pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia among health workers was accounted for 5%. The prevalence rate of HBV in health care workers is about 2-10 times higher than the general population in the world. There for, the main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice, and associated factors towards hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among health care professionals at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. METHOD An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, in 2021, and a systematic random sampling technique was used from different professionals, and the separate sample was taken independently from each. A pretested structured questionnaire was constructed and collects data then analyzed by using SPSS version 23. RESULT A total of 422 health care workers having different professions have participated in this study. 243 (57.6%) of the study subjects were males. The average correctly answered knowledge, attitude, and practice questions were 65.6%, 40.3%, and 34.8, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being nurse professionals (AOR = 0.17 (0.07, 0.38), P < 0.001), midwives (AOR = 0.19 (0.07, 0.5), P = 0.001), and work experience (AOR = 2.37 (1.38, 4.02), P = 0.002) were associated with knowledge levels. Being degree holders (AOR = 2.49 (1.23, 5.02), P = 0.01) and specialists (AOR = 9.78 (2.69, 35.5), P = 0.001) were associated with attitude levels. Being medical laboratories (AOR = 17.42 (5.02, 60.5), P ≤ 0.001) and pharmacy professionals (AOR = 11.2 (4.02, 31.42), P ≤ 0.001) were associated with practice levels. Conclusion and Recommendation. Based on the current study, most of the health care professionals in this study area have poor knowledge, negative attitude, and malpractice towards HBV infection. Therefore, continual professional training programs on HBV infection include increased vaccination coverage rate and postexposure prophylaxis of heath care workers especially for highly exposed professionals.
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Nankya-Mutyoba J, Ejalu D, Wandera C, Beyagira R, Amandua J, Seremba E, Mugagga K, Kambugu A, Muganzi A, Easterbrook P, Ocama P. A training for health care workers to integrate hepatitis B care and treatment into routine HIV care in a high HBV burden, poorly resourced region of Uganda: the '2for1' project. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:297. [PMID: 35443646 PMCID: PMC9020110 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The "2for1" project is a demonstration project to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of HBV care integrated into an HIV clinic and service. An initial phase in implementation of this project was the development of a specific training program. Our objective was to describe key features of this integrated training curriculum and evaluation of its impact in the initial cohort of health care workers (HCWs). METHODS A training curriculum was designed by experts through literature review and expert opinion. Key distinctive features of this training program (compared to standard HBV training provided in the Government program) were; (i) Comparison of commonalities between HIV and HBV (ii) Available clinic- and community-level infrastructure, and the need to strengthen HBV care through integration (iii) Planning and coordination of sustained service integration. The training was aided by a power-point guided presentation, question and answer session and discussion, facilitated by physicians and hepatologists with expertise in viral hepatitis. Assessment approach used a self-administered questionnaire among a cohort of HCWs from 2 health facilities to answer questions on demographic information, knowledge and attitudes related to HBV and its prevention, before and after the training. Knowledge scores were generated and compared using paired t- tests. RESULTS A training curriculum was developed and delivered to a cohort of 44 HCWs including medical and nursing staff from the two project sites. Of the 44 participants, 20 (45.5%) were male, average age (SD) was 34.3 (8.3) with an age range of 22-58 years. More than half (24, 54.5%) had been in service for fewer than 5 years. Mean correct knowledge scores increased across three knowledge domains (HBV epidemiology and transmission, natural history and treatment) post-intervention. However, knowledge related to diagnosis and prevention of HBV did not change. CONCLUSION A structured HBV education intervention conducted as part of an HIV/HBV care integration training for health care workers yielded improved knowledge on HBV and identified aspects that require further training. This approach may be replicated in other settings, as a public health strategy to heighten HBV elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Nankya-Mutyoba
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - David Ejalu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claude Wandera
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rachel Beyagira
- Program On Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jacinto Amandua
- Program On Viral Hepatitis, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Seremba
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Andrew Kambugu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Muganzi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Pinto PK, Amorim SDS, Rocha TS, Feriane LR, Almeida AVD, Capellini VK, Paro FM. Adherence of community health workers to hepatitis B vaccination. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2020058.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination for health-care workers is essential for World Health Organization’s goals achievement of viral hepatitis (VH) elimination. However, recent studies showed low vaccination adherence by these professionals and lack of knowledge about HB vaccination adherence of community health workers (CHW). Objective: To identify the adherence of CHW to HB vaccination; to determine the causes of non-adherence; to investigate whether the prevalence of vaccination is different among surveyed towns, and to verify whether years practiced as CHW have any association with vaccination adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study included five towns (T) of a Brazilian state. Data were collected at VH educational meetings, in which CHW answered a questionnaire. The proportions Z-test and the likelihood ratio test were used for statistical analysis. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The sample included 516 CHW. Most CHW (86.8%) reported to have taken the vaccine, but only 59.7% affirmed having taken all doses, and 28.1% correctly answered the number of doses. 24.4% of CHW pointed the unknowing about HB vaccine importance as the main reason for non-adherence. T4 and T5 showed higher vaccination prevalence than T2 and T1. Vaccination adherence was higher among individuals with more years working as CHW. Conclusion: CHW demonstrated low adherence to HB vaccination and pointed the lack of knowledge about HB vaccine importance as the main reason for that. There were differences in vaccination prevalence among the towns and adherence was positively associated with professional experience.
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Otchere G, Dwomoh E, Kumah E, Ankomah SE, Fusheini A, Agyei-Baffour P, Afriyie EK, Agyei SK. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards hepatitis B infection among high school students in Asante Mampong, Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2021; 33:269-279. [PMID: 34719436 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem, with significant morbidity and mortality from acute and chronic complications. Increasing awareness and improving knowledge of HBV helps reduce the risk of the disease. Although many studies have been conducted on HBV in Ghana, few have focused on examining knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adolescents towards the disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess HBV knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among adolescents in high schools in the Asante Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 adolescents from six senior high schools within the Asante Mampong Municipality. Data was collected using a 30-item structured questionnaire. Each item had two response options: "Yes" and "No". A scoring system was generated and respondents were given a score on each item answered. A positive response to an item was scored 1 point and a negative response was scored 0. Scores were then summed up and averaged to give the mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores. RESULTS The majority of the respondents were male (60%), between 15 and 17 years (45%), Christian (93%) and in their first year of study. The adolescents had basic knowledge, positive attitude, and poor practices towards HBV. There was no significant relationship between the demographic variables of the respondents and KAP mean scores. CONCLUSION There is the need to introduce health education and awareness programs in schools within the Asante Mampong Municipality to improve students' level of knowledge of HBV. Countrywide studies examining KAP towards HBV infection among adolescents are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Otchere
- Faculty of Humanities, Center for Medicine and Society, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Dwomoh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Kumah
- Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Samuel Egyakwa Ankomah
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Adam Fusheini
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Samuel Kofi Agyei
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
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Balegha AN, Yidana A, Abiiro GA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hepatitis B infection prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258757. [PMID: 34648609 PMCID: PMC8516292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis B infection remains a public health threat associated with undesirable statistics of morbidity and mortality. Good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hepatitis B infection (HBI) prevention are essential for HBI control. However, there is limited evidence concerning the KAP of HBI prevention among nursing students, who are significantly exposed to HBI. We assessed the KAP of HBI prevention and the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention among nursing students in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Methods We administered an online cross-sectional survey in November 2020 to a stratified random sample of 402 nursing students in two nursing training colleges in the Upper West Region. Using STATA version 13, we computed composite scores of KAP of HBI prevention with maximum scores of 18 for knowledge and 8 each for attitude and practice. A generalised ordered logistic regression model was run to assess the factors associated with the practice of HBI prevention. Results The students had moderate median scores for knowledge (12.00; IQR = 10–13) and attitude (6.00; IQR = 5.00–7.00) but a poor median score (5.00; IQR = 4.00–6.00) for the practice of HBI prevention. High knowledge (aOR = 2.05; p = 0.06), good attitude, being a male, second year student and having parents with tertiary education were significantly associated with higher likelihoods (aOR >1; p < 0.05) of demonstrating good practice of HBI prevention. Students who had never married were significantly (aOR = 0.34; p = 0.010) less likely to exhibit good practice of HBI prevention. Conclusion The KAP scores of HBI prevention among the students were sub-optimal. We recommend institution-based policies and regular education on HBI prevention, free/subsidised HBI prevention services, and the enforcement of proper professional ethics on HBI prevention in nursing training colleges. Such interventions should predominantly target female, non-married and first year nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adadow Yidana
- Department of Behavioural and Social Change, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Gilbert Abotisem Abiiro
- Department of Health Services, Policy, Planning, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
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Development of a questionnaire assessing nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients: testing reliability and validity†. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To develop a questionnaire assessing nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, and practice on the prevention of the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and test its reliability and validity.
Methods
After the drafted questionnaire was developed, two rounds of Delphi survey were conducted by consulting experts to improve the questionnaire. Subsequently, 700 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to nursing staff to assess its reliability and validity.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identifies 3 aspects, namely knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a total of 38 items. The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the questionnaire and each of the aspects are 0.85, 0.80, 0.886, and 0.77 (>0.7), respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of each of the aspects are c2/df = 3.99, 2.26, and 3.32; Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.91, 0.97, and 0.92; Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, 0.04, and 0.05; Comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91, 0.96, and 0.90.
Conclusions
Through this study, it can be ascertained whether the developed questionnaire enjoys sound reliability and validity in assessing nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, and practice on preventing the nosocomial infection in elderly patients and thus has certain application value.
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Machmud PB, Glasauer S, Gottschick C, Mikolajczyk R. Knowledge, Vaccination Status, and Reasons for Avoiding Vaccinations against Hepatitis B in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060625. [PMID: 34207829 PMCID: PMC8227242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. This systematic review thus analyzes the determinants of people’s knowledge and vaccination status as well as the reasons why people in developing countries chose not to receive the hepatitis B vaccination. (2) Methods: We searched four databases to identify all studies from developing countries published within the past 10 years. Both low-risk and high-risk populations aged older than 15 years old were eligible for the study. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. (3) Results: This study identified 2443 articles, 89 of which were included in the analysis. Monthly income, occupational status, and profession as a health-care worker were the strongest predictive factors for both knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccination status. In addition, strong predictor variables of hepatitis B knowledge were knowing an infected person and level of education, while health insurance, management’s protection at workplace, infection training, and experience of hepatitis B exposure were strong influencing factors for vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to information, support from institutions, and financial support related to vaccination cost have a positive impact on the knowledge about hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Dr. Bahder Djohan, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Saskia Glasauer
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.B.M.); (S.G.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)345-557-3570
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Gammoh Y, Abdu M. Contact lens procurement and usage habits among adults in Sudan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251987. [PMID: 34010356 PMCID: PMC8133405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to assess contact lens (CL) wear and care habits among adults in Sudan. Design An observational, non-interventional, multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in the CL departments of all the eye hospitals and centers, and optical centers in the Khartoum State, Sudan. Participants Established CL wearers residing in Khartoum State, Sudan. Main outcomes and measures CL wear profile, CL usage habits, hand and CL hygiene habits were assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results The average age of the 442 participants was 24.57 (± 4.87) years. Women comprised 92% of the sample. Smoking was reported by 15.8% of the sample. 81.9% wore soft spherical CL, with 43.4% of the participants were prescribed CL on a yearly replacement schedule. Only 68.3% were prescribed CL by an eye care practitioner. Multipurpose solutions were used by 78.8% of the sample to clean CL, and by 52% to clean the lens case. Compliance rate for CL wear and care among participants was 81.1%. None of the participants reported sharing CL or CL case and rinsing the case with tap water. High compliance level was observed for overnight wear; swimming and showering with CL; handwashing before CL insertion; and cleaning of CL. Moderate compliance rates were recorded for cleaning and replacing lens case, and topping up or sharing solution. Low compliance was noted for attending after care visits. Conclusions and relevance CL wearers in Sudan exhibit high to moderate levels of compliance to most contact lens wear and care aspects, except for attending aftercare visits. CL practitioners in Sudan are encouraged to prescribe CL appropriate to the lifestyle and economic situation of patients and actively recommend care products. In addition, practitioners need to follow up with patients to attend aftercare appointments, where hygienic wear and care habits should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Gammoh
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry Science, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mustafa Abdu
- Faculty of Optometry and Visual Sciences, Department of Contact Lenses, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Optometry, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, KSA
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Ssekamatte T, Isunju JB, Zirimala PAK, Etajak S, Kamukama S, Seviiri M, Nakafeero M, Nalugya A, Tsebeni Wafula S, Atusingwize E, Bukenya JN, Mugambe RK. A positive attitude among primary healthcare providers predicts better hepatitis B prevention practices: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Wakiso district, Central Uganda. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:298-314. [PMID: 34104561 PMCID: PMC8158224 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1904935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational health risk among primary healthcare providers (PHCPs). However, there is limited evidence on whether PHCPs’ level of knowledge and attitude can predict better HBV infection prevention practices. This study established the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and HBV infection prevention practices among PHCPs in Wakiso district, Central Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from 306 PHCPs, using a structured questionnaire. PHCPs were randomly selected from 55 healthcare facilities. STATA version 14.0 was used to analyse data. A ‘modified Poisson’ regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results: About 42.2% of PHCPs exhibited poor knowledge of HBV infection transmission and prevention, 41.8% had a negative attitude, and 41.5% exhibited poor prevention practices. Age (PR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.24–2.66) was positively associated with the level of knowledge. Healthcare facility level (PR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.84), main department of work (PR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.95), years in service (PR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44–0.99), working in private not-for-profit healthcare facilities (PR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34–0.99), and public healthcare facilities (PR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.80) were negatively associated with the level of knowledge. There was a negative association between the location of healthcare facility (PR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62–0.93) and attitude, and a positive association between level of knowledge (PR 1.36, 95% 1.12–1.65) and attitude. Working in a public healthcare facility (PR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64–0.99) was negatively associated with practices while having a positive attitude (PR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28–1.99) predicted better HBV infection prevention practices. Conclusion: PHCPs who were more knowledgeable about HBV infection were more likely to have a positive attitude. In turn, having a positive attitude was associated with better HBV infection prevention practices. There is a need to sensitise PHCPs on HBV infection, and provision of screening and vaccination services in order to address the KAP gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Samuel Etajak
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Saul Kamukama
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary Nakafeero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edwinah Atusingwize
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justine N Bukenya
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Burnett RJ, Dramowski A, Amponsah-Dacosta E, Meyer JC. Increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage of healthcare workers - global lessons for South Africa. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:6-12. [PMID: 33819774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B (HB), a severe blood-borne vaccine-preventable disease, caused by HB virus (HBV) infection. Low HB vaccine (HepB) coverage has resulted in suboptimal protection and high HBV infection rates in South African HCWs. Studies from Africa have identified cost; unavailability/lack of access to HepB; and lack of awareness/knowledge of HB and HepB, as barriers to HCW uptake. Studies from Europe show little difference in HepB coverage between countries mandating versus recommending HepB. Providing easy and sustained access to free HepB to student HCWs, together with education about HB and HepB, are recommended to create demand for HepB. Only if this fails should mandatory vaccination be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Joyce Burnett
- Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Angela Dramowski
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johanna Catharina Meyer
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Alotaibi BS, Althobaiti MA, Hazazi AY, Hazazi SY, Nassir RA, Alhaddad MS, Abdelwahab SF. Exploration of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Residents of Saudi Arabia Toward Hepatitis Viruses. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211059965. [PMID: 34865566 PMCID: PMC8649914 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211059965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim: Data available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) about public knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward viral hepatitis infection are scarce. Such information is essential for designing effective intervention strategies for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among residents of KSA toward hepatitis viruses. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 549 participants in Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire (in Arabic) was used to measure the KAP of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at significance level of .05. Results: Most of the 549 participants were Saudi citizens (96%; n = 527) and 26.6% (n = 146) of them were males and mostly from the western Saudi Arabia (72.9%; n = 400). Most participants did not hear about hepatitis viruses and showed low level of knowledge on viral hepatitis (42%). On the other hand, a positive attitude was apparent from participants' responses, and their practices were toward protecting their bodies from the infection. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about viral hepatitis was low (42%) among KSA residents, and the practice and attitude of the participants were toward avoiding the infection. Awareness campaigns are required to increase the public knowledge about viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashair S. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Althobaiti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Y. Hazazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Y. Hazazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan A. Nassir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud S. Alhaddad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Sayed F. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Sayed F. Abdelwahab, PhD Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
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Ssekamatte T, Mukama T, Kibira SPS, Ndejjo R, Bukenya JN, Kimoga ZPA, Etajak S, Nuwematsiko R, Buregyeya E, Ssempebwa JC, Isunju JB, Mugambe RK, Nalugya A, Wafula ST, Mutyoba JN. Hepatitis B screening and vaccination status of healthcare providers in Wakiso district, Uganda. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235470. [PMID: 32645078 PMCID: PMC7347299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening and vaccination against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the most effective intervention in curbing the disease. However, there is limited evidence on the factors associated with the uptake of these services in Uganda. This study determined the uptake of HBV screening and vaccination status, and associated factors among Healthcare Providers (HCPs) in Wakiso district, Uganda. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 306 HCPs, randomly selected from 55 healthcare facilities. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to determine the factors associated with HBV screening and vaccination status of HCPs. RESULTS Of the 306 HCPs, 230 (75.2%) had ever screened for HBV infection while 177 (57.8%) were fully vaccinated. Being male was positively associated with 'ever been screened' for HBV infection (Adjusted PR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.13-1.41). Working in a public healthcare facility (Adjusted PR = 0.78, 95%CI 0.68-0.90) was negatively associated with ever been screened. Male sex (Adjusted PR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.01-1.46), the belief that the HBV vaccine was safe (Adjusted PR = 1.72, 95%CI 1.03-2.89) and ever been screened (Adjusted PR = 2.28, 95%CI 1.56-3.34) were positively associated with being fully vaccinated. However, working in a public healthcare facility (Adjusted PR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.64-0.98), self-perceived risk of HBV infection (Adjusted PR = 0.72, 95% CI:0.62-0.84), and working in a healthcare facility with infection control guidelines (Adjusted PR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.95) were negatively associated with being fully vaccinated. CONCLUSION Three quarters of HCPs had ever been screened for HBV while slightly more than half were fully vaccinated. HBV screening and vaccination interventions need to consider the HCP sex, risk perception, attitude towards safety and efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine, and healthcare facility characteristics such as ownership and availability of infection control guidelines, in order to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Trasias Mukama
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon P. S. Kibira
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justine Nnakate Bukenya
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Samuel Etajak
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca Nuwematsiko
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John C. Ssempebwa
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Kibirango Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joan Nankya Mutyoba
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Ayele A, Abera D, Hailu M, Birhanu M, Desta K. Prevalence and associated risk factors for Hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:721. [PMID: 32429964 PMCID: PMC7236441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increased flow of refugees into Ethiopia from neighboring countries. However, there are no post-arrival screening mechanisms for hepatitis B and C viruses which could be an additional burden for the local population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. It also aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning hepatitis B and C viruses among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia from January until May 2018. A questionnaire was used to collect data on refugees' socio-demographic, risk factors, and KAP of hepatitis B and C infections. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected from each participant and the serum was used for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody screening rapid tests. Positive samples were further tested by ELISA method. Data were performed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among refugees was 7.3% (33/453) and 2.0% (9/453) respectively. Of these, 6.8% (25/370) and 1.4% (5/370) of females were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV, whereas 9.6% (8/83) and 4.8% (4/83) of males were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The age group of 18-29 and 30-41 years old were related to HCV infection (P = 0.003 and P = 0.020). However, proposed risk factors were not related to HBV and HCV infections. Knowledge assessment showed that 86.5% (392/453) did not know how HBV and HCV infections are transmitted, and 86.8% (393/453) had no information about the availability of HBV vaccine. CONCLUSION This study showed intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in a large refugee camp in Ethiopia. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus was found to increase with age, but no other risk factor for either virus identified as significant. Refugees' understanding of hepatitis B and C was very limited. This indicates the need for screening policy to be implemented and integrated with other health services and awareness creation about the infection in all refugee camps of Gambella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyu Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ethiopian Airport, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Melese Hailu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Birhanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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