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Aljohani FA, Alzubaidi BY, Al-Rafdan RH, Alblawi HM, Alrehayan RH, Alsenan GA, Almohaya HS, Taha MM. E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362233. [PMID: 38680785 PMCID: PMC11045981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of e-cigarettes is significantly increasing among adults as an alternative method to tobacco smoking. However, the chemical products of e-cigarettes have an influence on human general health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between e-cigarette use and psychological distress as well as participation in daily activities among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also evaluates the demographic profile and usage patterns of e-cigarette users. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 396 e-cigarette smokers in Riyadh city. An online survey was administered, including questions about smoking patterns and the perceived effects of e-cigarettes on activities of daily living. Additionally, mental health were assessed using the Kessler 6 scale. Results Most of the participants were educated young males (61.4%). About 29.5% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes primarily to quit tobacco cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarette usage was significantly associated with lower participation in activities of daily living and higher psychological distress. Conclusion This study found that many e-cigarette users are well-educated young individuals who use e-cigarettes as a substitute for traditional cigarettes. However, the study also revealed that using e-cigarettes is associated with negative effects on smokers' daily activities and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenoon Abdullah Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakriah Yahyaa Alzubaidi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Hamdan Al-Rafdan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mutiq Alblawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Hani Alrehayan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Abdulrahman Alsenan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeil Salman Almohaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Osman A, Petrescu GS, Tuculină MJ, Dascălu IT, Popescu C, Enescu AȘ, Dăguci C, Cucu AP, Nistor C, Carsote M. Metabolic and Other Endocrine Elements with Regard to Lifestyle Choices: Focus on E-Cigarettes. Metabolites 2023; 13:1192. [PMID: 38132874 PMCID: PMC10745117 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to overview recent data on metabolic/endocrine disorders with respect to e-cigarette (e-cig) use. This is a narrative review; we researched English, full-length, original articles on PubMed (between January 2020 and August 2023) by using different keywords in the area of metabolic/endocrine issues. We only included original clinical studies (n = 22) and excluded case reports and experimental studies. 3 studies (N1 = 22,385; N2 = 600,046; N3 = 5101) addressed prediabetes risk; N1 showed a 1.57-fold increased risk of dual vs. never smokers, a higher risk that was not confirmed in N2 (based on self-reported assessments). Current non-smokers (N1) who were dual smokers still have an increased odd of prediabetes (a 1.27-fold risk increase). N3 and another 2 studies addressed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM): a lower prevalence of DM among dual users (3.3%) vs. cigarette smoking (5.9%) was identified. 6 studies investigated obesity profile (4 of them found positive correlations with e-cig use). One study (N4 = 373,781) showed that e-cig use was associated with obesity in the general population (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.3-2.1, p < 0.05); another (N5 = 7505, 0.82% were e-cig-only) showed that obesity had a higher prevalence in dual smokers (51%) vs. cig-only (41.2%, p < 0.05), while another (N6 = 3055) found that female (not male) e-cig smokers had higher body mass index vs. non-smokers. Data on metabolic syndrome (MS) are provided for dual smokers (n = 2): one case-control study found that female dual smokers had higher odds of MS than non-smokers. The need for awareness with respect to potential e-cig--associated medical issues should be part of modern medicine, including daily anamnesis. Whether the metabolic/endocrine frame is part of the general picture is yet to be determined. Surveillance protocols should help clinicians to easily access the medical background of one subject, including this specific matter of e-cig with/without conventional cigarettes smoking and other habits/lifestyle elements, especially when taking into consideration metabolism anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Osman
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Jana Tuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Anca-Ștefania Enescu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.O.); (C.P.); (A.-Ș.E.)
| | - Constantin Dăguci
- Department of Oro-Dental Prevention, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca-Pati Cucu
- PhD Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4—Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
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3
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Suttiratana SC, Kong G, Li W, Ouellette RR, Balasuriya L, Funaro M, Arnold C, Krishnan-Sarin S. Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use in the USA: a Scoping Review Through a Health Equity Lens. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:825-836. [PMID: 39372844 PMCID: PMC11452013 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The objective of this scoping review is to use a health equity lens to understand the extent and type of evidence that exists about the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) based on socioecological understandings of health influences (i.e., the US National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities' (NIMHD) Research Framework). The research question guiding the review was as follows: What is the range and scope of research that exists to help characterize health disparities related to ENDS use? Recent Findings Ninety-eight articles published between 2019 and 2022 often examined racial/ethnic differences in ENDS use; however, other demographic characteristics, domains of influence across the life course, and levels of influence beyond individuals were rarely considered. As most studies were derived from large-scale, cross-sectional US national surveys, few longitudinal studies or intervention trials were published. Summary The use of the NIMHD framework to analyze recent literature helped identify research patterns and gaps that may be important to recognize for optimizing population health strategies to advance health equity. Future research on non-individual level factors influencing ENDS, interventions to effectively use ENDS for combustible cigarette cessation, and subpopulations susceptible to dual use may enhance existing science. Monitoring research using the NIMHD research framework can help researchers and policy makers to identify and when appropriate, prioritize support for overlooked but important research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakinah C. Suttiratana
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rachel R. Ouellette
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lilanthi Balasuriya
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Melissa Funaro
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cole Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Job SA, Kaniuka AR, Reeves KM, Brooks BD. Interactions of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity with Race/Ethnicity in Prevalence of Lifetime and Current Asthma Diagnosis. LGBT Health 2023. [PMID: 36946646 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The current study explored how sexual orientation and gender identity interact with race/ethnicity to predict self-reported lifetime and current diagnosis of asthma. Methods: Using the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, we conducted logistic regression analyses, weighted for complex samples, stratified by sexual orientation and gender identity, and controlling for race/ethnicity, age, smoking, population density, and body mass index. Results: Analyses showed that there were significantly higher adjusted odds of lifetime asthma among gay men and bisexual men in comparison to heterosexual men, gay/lesbian women and bisexual women in comparison to heterosexual women, and transgender men in comparison to cisgender individuals. In addition, analyses showed that there were significantly higher odds of current asthma among women with other minority sexual orientations in comparison to heterosexual women. Finally, there was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and sexual orientation among men. Conclusions: Sexual minority men of color might be particularly vulnerable to chronic asthma. Future research should examine asthma prevalence in sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals of specific marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Future responses to SGM asthma inequities should include low-cost screening and treatment targeting SGM individuals, and policies improving air quality in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Andréa R Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karli M Reeves
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Byron D Brooks
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cobb S, Bazargan M, Assari S, Barkley L, Bazargan-Hejazi S. Emergency Department Utilization, Hospital Admissions, and Office-Based Physician Visits Among Under-Resourced African American and Latino Older Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:205-218. [PMID: 35006585 PMCID: PMC8744566 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study uses a theoretical model to explore (a) emergency department (ED) utilization, (b) hospital admissions, and (c) office-based physician visits among sample of under-resourced African American and Latino older adults. METHODS Nine hundred five African American and Latino older adults from an under-resourced urban community of South Los Angeles participated in this study. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews. Poisson and logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the parameters specified in the Andersen behavioral model. Predictors included predisposing factors, defined as demographic and other personal characteristics that influence the likelihood of obtaining care, and enabling factors defined as personal, family, and community resources that support or encourage efforts to access health services. RESULTS African American older adults have a greater frequency of hospital admissions, ED, and physician visits than their Latino counterparts. About 25%, 45%, and 59% of the variance of the hospital admissions, ED utilization, and physician visits could be explained by predisposing and enabling characteristics. Lower health-related quality of life was associated with a higher number of hospital admissions, ED, and physician visits. Financial strain and difficulty accessing medical care were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions. Being covered by Medicare and particularly Medi-Cal were positively associated with higher hospital admissions, ED, and physician visits. DISCUSSION Compared to African American older adults, Latino older adults show higher utilization of (a) emergency department (ED) utilization, (b) hospital admissions, and (c) office-based physician visits. A wide range of predisposing and enabling factors such as insurance and financial difficulties correlate with some but not other types of health care use. Multi-disciplinary, culturally sensitive, clinic- and community-based interventions are needed to address enabling and predisposing factors that influence ED utilization and hospital admission among African American and Latino older adults in under-resourced communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cobb
- Mervyn M. Dymally School of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Public Health, CDU, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Physician Assistant Program, CDU, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Family Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Public Health, CDU, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lisa Barkley
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
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Pisinger C, Rasmussen SKB. The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013687. [PMID: 36294263 PMCID: PMC9603628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes has been reported across the world. METHODS A systematic search was carried out. We included original articles on any topic relevant to health, excluding mental health, in all languages. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Both reviewers independently screened and read all publications. We compared dual use with exclusive smoking of conventional cigarettes (ESCC). RESULTS Fifty-two publications (49 studies) were included. Thirteen papers/10 studies were prospective. There was great heterogeneity across studies. Many methodological weaknesses, such as inaccurate exposure measurement, lack of adjustment for former tobacco consumption, and lack of significance testing were identified. Most prospective studies found dual use to be at least as harmful as ESCC. The longest follow-up was six years. Most of the best available cross-sectional studies found dual use associated with the same and, in several studies, significantly higher risk of self-reported symptoms/disease than in ESCC. The intensity of cigarette smoking seems associated with worse health. CONCLUSION Existing studies indicate that dual use is at least as, or probably even more, harmful than ESCC. Due to the predominance of cross-sectional studies and the methodological weaknesses we judged the overall certainty of the evidence as "low certainty".
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Pisinger
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Heart Foundation, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K. Bergman Rasmussen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wasfi RA, Bang F, de Groh M, Champagne A, Han A, Lang JJ, McFaull SR, Melvin A, Pipe AL, Saxena S, Thompson W, Warner E, Prince SA. Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959622. [PMID: 36276349 PMCID: PMC9584749 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last decade, e-cigarette use has been on the rise but with growing health concerns. The objective of this systematic review was to update findings for chronic health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use from the 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report. Methods Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies comparing the chronic health effects of e-cigarette users (ECU) to non-smokers (NS), smokers, and/or dual users indexed between 31 August 2017 and 29 January 2021. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second one. Outcomes were synthesized in a narrative manner using counts and based on statistical significance and direction of the association stratified by study design and exposure type. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence was assessed. The protocol was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework https://osf.io/u9btp. Results A total of 180 articles were eligible. This review focused on 93 studies for the 11 most frequently reported outcomes and from which 59 reported on daily e-cigarette use. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low because of study design (84% cross-sectional) and exposure type (27% reported on exclusive ECU, i.e., never smoked traditional cigarettes). Overall, the summary of results for nearly all outcomes, including inflammation, immune response, periodontal and peri-implant clinical parameters, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and cardiovascular disease, suggested either non-significant or mixed results when daily ECU was compared to NS. This was also observed when comparing exclusive ECU to NS. The only notable exception was related to oral health where most (11/14) studies reported significantly higher inflammation among daily ECU vs. NS. Compared to the smokers, the exclusive-ECUs had no statistically significant differences in inflammation orperiodontal clinical parameters but had mixed findings for peri-implant clinical parameters. Conclusions This review provides an update to the 2018 NASEM report on chronic health effects of e-cigarette use. While the number of studies has grown, the certainty of evidence remains very low largely because of cross-sectional designs and lack of reporting on exclusive e-cigarette exposure. There remains a need for higher quality intervention and prospective studies to assess causality, with a focus on exclusive e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Wasfi
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Rania A. Wasfi
| | - Felix Bang
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Programs Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Champagne
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arum Han
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin J. Lang
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R. McFaull
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandria Melvin
- Centre for Indigenous Statistics and Partnerships, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Lawrence Pipe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Division of Cardiac Prevention & Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shika Saxena
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Warner
- Vaccine Safety, Vaccine Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Stephanie A. Prince
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Kotoulas SC, Katsaounou P, Riha R, Grigoriou I, Papakosta D, Spyratos D, Porpodis K, Domvri K, Pataka A. Electronic Cigarettes and Asthma: What Do We Know So Far? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080723. [PMID: 34442368 PMCID: PMC8399607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a novel product, marketed as an alternative to tobacco cigarette. Its effects on human health have not been investigated widely yet, especially in specific populations such as patients with asthma. With this review, we use the existing literature in order to answer four crucial questions concerning: (1) ECs' role in the pathogenesis of asthma; (2) ECs' effects on lung function and airway inflammation in patients with asthma; (3) ECs' effects on asthma clinical characteristics in asthmatics who use it regularly; and (4) ECs' effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool in these patients. Evidence suggests that many EC compounds might contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. Lung function seems to deteriorate by the use of EC in this population, while airway inflammation alters, with the aggravation of T-helper-type-2 (Th2) inflammation being the most prominent but not the exclusive effect. EC also seems to worsen asthma symptoms and the rate and severity of exacerbations in asthmatics who are current vapers, whilst evidence suggests that its effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool might be limited. Asthmatic patients should avoid using EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafeim-Chrysovalantis Kotoulas
- Clinic of Respiratory Failure, General Hospital of Thessaloniki Georgios Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6977-705450
| | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- 1st ICU “Evangelismos Hospital”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ypsilantou 45-47, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Renata Riha
- Sleep Research Unit, Department of Sleep Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK;
| | - Ioanna Grigoriou
- Clinic of Respiratory Failure, General Hospital of Thessaloniki Georgios Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Despoina Papakosta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.S.); (K.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Dionysios Spyratos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.S.); (K.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.S.); (K.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Kalliopi Domvri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.S.); (K.P.); (K.D.)
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Clinic of Respiratory Failure, General Hospital of Thessaloniki Georgios Papanikolaou, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leoforos Papanikolaou, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.P.)
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9
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E-Cigarette Use among Current Smokers Experiencing Homelessness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073691. [PMID: 33916203 PMCID: PMC8037859 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-thirds of cigarette smokers experiencing homelessness report using alternative tobacco products, including blunts, cigarillos (little cigars) or roll-your-own tobacco or electronic nicotine delivery systems such as e-cigarettes. We examined attitudes toward e-cigarette use and explored whether e-cigarette use patterns were associated with past-year cigarette quit attempts among current smokers experiencing homelessness. Among the 470 current cigarette smokers recruited from homeless service sites in San Francisco, 22.1% (n = 65) reported the use of e-cigarettes in the past 30 days ('dual users'). Compared to cigarette-only smokers, dual users considered e-cigarettes to be safer than cigarettes. Patterns of e-cigarette use, including the number of times used per day, duration of use during the day, manner of use and nicotine concentration were not associated with past-year cigarette quit attempts. Studies that examine the motivations for use of e-cigarettes, particularly for their use as smoking cessation aids, could inform interventions for tobacco use among people experiencing homelessness.
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